Bioinformation最新文献

Traditional lecture-based teaching in undergraduate pediatrics often results in passive learning and suboptimal student engagement, necessitating the search for more effective instructional strategies. The present study was an educational intervention study with a crossover design involving 232 third-year medical students. Students were divided into two groups and attended four pediatric topic sessions over five months. In a crossover fashion, each group experienced two topics via FCM (Flipped Classroom Model) and two via LBL (Lecture-Based Learning). The FCM group received pre-reading study materials and 45 45-minute PowerPoint presentation 4 days before class and a case-based scenario was discussed, while the LBL involved faculty-led sessions with integrated questions and discussions. The flipped classroom model proved to be a more effective pedagogical strategy than interactive lectures for improving immediate knowledge acquisition in undergraduate pediatric education.

There is a need to estimate acetabular morphometric parameters in asymptomatic individuals from the North Indian population. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia, which has not been extensively studied in this specific population. A cross-sectional analysis of 100 radiographs was conducted to measure parameters such as center-edge angle, acetabular angle and acetabular depth. The data revealed gender-based differences in acetabular parameters, with significant variations noted between the right and left sides. Thus, we show valuable data for improving hip implant design, understanding osteoarthritis and supporting clinical and forensic applications. This study contributes to more precise and population-specific orthopedic interventions.

Hypertension requires long-term therapy. However, antihypertensive drugs may cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) affecting compliance and quality of life. This 12-month prospective observational study included 500 patients receiving at least one antihypertensive medication. A total of 95 ADRs (17.6%) were identified, most commonly due to calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors, with pedal edema, dry cough and dizziness being the frequent events. ADRs were significantly higher in patients on polypharmacy (p = 0.004) and most were classified as moderate and probable. Active pharmacovigilance is essential to improve safety and optimize hypertension management.

The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery has enhanced precision and individualized patient care is of interest. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate 42 cases of oral and maxillofacial lesions managed with the aid of virtual planning and 3D printed models/guides. Odontogenic cysts were the most common lesions and the mandible was predominantly affected. Use of 3D models reduced operative time, improved resection accuracy and minimized intraoperative complications, with uneventful recovery in most cases. Overall, 3D printing and virtual planning proved to be reliable tools for improving surgical outcomes and clinical efficiency in maxillofacial lesion management.

A detailed understanding of hepatic arterial and portal venous anatomy is essential for liver-centric therapies and surgical procedures, especially transplantation. This cross-sectional CT angiographic study was conducted on 50 subjects (12-75 years) at King George's Medical University, Lucknow. The proper hepatic artery divided into Right Hepatic Artery (RHA) and Left Hepatic Artery (LHA) in 93.1% of cases, while trifurcation was rare (4%); overall, 42% showed arterial variations. The middle hepatic artery (MHA) most commonly arose from the LHA (44.7%) or RHA (31.9%), with dual arterial supply to segment IV in 6% of cases. Identifying these variations through CT angiography is crucial for preoperative planning to optimize surgical outcomes and reduce complications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), an asymptomatic form of coronary artery disease (CAD) and making early detection vital to prevent cardiac events. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate 75 asymptomatic T2DM patients (mean age 53.27 ± 9.22 years) using the treadmill test (TMT) with the Bruce protocol and compared clinical and biochemical parameters between TMT-positive and negative groups. TMT was positive in 20 patients (26.66%), who were significantly older and had longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose levels and adverse lipid profiles compared to TMT-negative patients. Dyslipidemia, elevated triglycerides and LDL and reduced HDL were particularly prominent among TMT-positive individuals. Thus, we show that longer disease duration, poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia are strong predictors of asymptomatic CAD and TMT is a useful non-invasive tool for its early detection in T2DM patients.

Titanium dental implants are widely used for their biocompatibility and mechanical strength but are vulnerable to corrosion within the oral environment. Corrosive processes such as galvanic, pitting, crevice and fretting corrosion are influenced by salivary pH, fluoride concentration, bacterial biofilms and mechanical forces. These factors can disrupt the protective oxide layer, leading to titanium ion release, local inflammation, peri-implantitis and potential implant failure. Therefore, it is of interest to review the mechanisms and clinical implications of titanium implant corrosion.

Oral surgery involving impacted mandibular third molars is a common procedure. However, it results in postoperative complaints such as pain, swelling, trismus and dry socket. Therefore, it is of interest to compare hydrogen water and normal saline as surgical irrigants in patients undergoing third molar removal. The study included 30 patients total who were divided into 2 groups of 15 and clinical parameters were assessed post-operative days 1, 2 and 7. Results showed all patients improved over time and that patients in the hydrogen water group had significantly greater improvements in pain, swelling and trismus, as well as a lower incidence of dry socket from postoperative day 2 onward. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of hydrogen water appear to make it a better irrigant agent than normal saline in healing and reducing postoperative complications.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for reliable molecular biomarkers. CD44s, a cell adhesion molecule, has been implicated in tumor progression, but its prognostic role in OSCC is unclear. This retrospective study evaluated CD44s expression in 50 OSCC cases using immunohistochemistry and an immunoreactive scoring system. High CD44s expression significantly correlated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis and poor histological grade. CD44s overexpression may serve as a prognostic biomarker to identify high-risk OSCC patients requiring aggressive therapy.

There is a need to evaluate the reliability and applicability of various cephalometric tools used for assessing sagittal discrepancies in patients with Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. Therefore, it is of interest to assess sagittal discrepancies in patients with Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns by comparing three common diagnostic tools: the beta angle, ANB angle and Wits appraisal. Hence, a total of 120 subjects, divided into three groups based on their skeletal pattern, were evaluated using lateral cephalograms. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in beta angle measurements between the groups. The beta angle was found to provide a more consistent assessment of sagittal jaw relationships than the ANB angle and Wits appraisal, especially in cases with jaw rotations or occlusal plane changes. Thus, we show the beta angle as a valuable tool for orthodontic diagnosis, offering greater reliability in assessing skeletal relationships. Further research with larger samples and different populations is recommended to validate these findings.