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The impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage on corneal endothelial morphology and central corneal thickness (CCT) remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study conducted at R.L. Jalappa Hospital with 80 participants (40 diabetics and 40 controls), specular microscopy revealed that diabetic patients had significantly lower endothelial cell density, reduced hexagonality and increased coefficient of variation, indicating endothelial dysfunction. Although CCT was slightly thinner in diabetics, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, analysis across DR severity (No DR, NPDR and PDR) showed no significant correlation with endothelial parameters, despite a worsening trend with disease progression. Thus, we show that corneal endothelial changes in T2DM may occur independently of DR, underscoring the importance of routine corneal evaluation before intraocular procedures.

Oral cancer is included under national NCD programs in India due to its high burden, societal and economic impact. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the readiness of government healthcare facilities in two districts of Madhya to deliver good quality oral cancer care. Assessment of 58 facilities revealed that opportunistic screening and telemedicine was functional and availability of manpower and supportive drugs was good. Shortcomings in availability of diagnostics, cancer medicines, information, education and communication (IEC) activities, dentists, dieticians and counsellors were found. Further strengthening of oral cancer services under the NCD programs is essential for comprehensive oral cancer care.

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are systemic inflammatory disorders often presenting with ocular involvement. This observational study conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, SSMC Rewa, evaluated ocular manifestations among patients diagnosed with various spondyloarthropathies. Ankylosing spondylitis was the most frequent subtype associated with ocular involvement (49%), with uveitis (25%) and dry eye (9%) being the predominant findings. Ocular manifestations were more common in males aged 30-39 years and showed a significant association with longer disease duration. Anterior uveitis emerged as the most prevalent manifestation, highlighting the importance of early detection and management to prevent vision-threatening complications.

The variability in surgical stress response among patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries remains inadequately understood, particularly in relation to genetic polymorphisms influencing drug metabolism and pain modulation. Hence, this study explored the association between key pharmacogenetic variants (CYP2D6, CYP3A4, OPRM1 and COMT) and biomarkers of surgical stress response. A total of 240 patients were evaluated, with half receiving pharmacogenomic-guided perioperative management. Significant differences were observed in IL-6 levels, opioid requirements and complication rates between genotypic groups. Pharmacogenomic-guided therapy effectively reduced postoperative complications and improved recovery, underscoring its potential for personalized surgical care.

Chronic periodontitis remains a significant dental health issue, with current treatments often relying on chemical irrigants like chlorhexidine, which may have limitations. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 25% propolis extract as subgingival irrigants adjunctive to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive either CHX or propolis following SRP. Significant improvements were observed in clinical parameters (Gingival Index, Plaque Index and Probing Pocket Depth) and microbiological reduction in both groups, with propolis showing superior results. Propolis extract exhibited greater efficacy in reducing clinical symptoms and bacterial detection, suggesting it as a promising natural alternative to CHX.

Extended sedation in intensive care settings can produce neurological problems. Hence, this prospective study analyzed the neurological recovery of patients receiving continuous sedation (> 72 hours). Neurological function was evaluated at the time of ICU discharge and at three months to assess for any residual cognitive or functional impairment. Most patients appeared to recover completely and achieve their baseline pre-morbid function although a small number had mild persistent cognitive impairment. The data suggest that with continued vigilance after prolonged sedation greater than 72 hours there are generally no significant long-term neurological implications, which can be useful to render safer sedation methods in critical care medicine.

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm of the thyroid gland that occurs most frequently in older women. We describe a 60-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with a primarily painless, progressively enlarging neck swelling over the previous four months. Imaging showed an enlarged thyroid gland and mass effect in the surrounding neck soft tissue. Fine needle aspiration revealed a predominance of lymphoid cells to suggest that this hypothesized mass was a thyroid neoplasm. Biopsy of the thyroid gland confirmed non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the thyroid. She was treated with standard CHOP chemotherapy. This case highlights the conundrum of PTL in a rapidly enlarging mass of the thyroid gland and the need to address this early with better diagnosis and therapeutic plan.

Soft tissue healing outcomes between flapless and conventional flap dental implant techniques in 310 patients is of interest. Data showed that flapless procedures resulted in faster healing times, greater gingival thickness, reduced pain and lower inflammation compared to the conventional flap technique. Both approaches had similar implant survival rates, but flapless implants had fewer post-operative complications. Patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes were significantly better for the flapless group. Thus, we show the clinical preference for flapless implant placement due to quicker recovery and fewer complications.

Accurate diagnosis of dental malocclusions remains challenging due to interobserver variability among orthodontists. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in classifying malocclusion types using 3D dental models compared with expert orthodontist assessments. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and tested on digital impressions, and its performance was statistically analyzed against expert diagnoses. Results demonstrated strong agreement between AI predictions and orthodontist evaluations with clinically relevant consistency. These findings highlight the potential of AI-assisted diagnostics to enhance accuracy and reduce subjectivity in orthodontic assessment.

The degree of crestal bone loss surrounding dental implants (mare than 0.2 mm) significantly affects their success rate. So, the crestal bone loss surrounding dental implants following the implantation of platelet concentrates and beta-tricalcium phosphate bone grafts was compared. In 100 subjects, two implants each were placed in edentulous spaces where one implant site of Group I was filled with β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Graft along (β-TCP) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and for Group II only β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Graft along (β-TCP) was placed in posterior edentulous area and followed for 3, 6 and 9 months using periapical radiographs. In both groups, the highest mean crestal bone loss was highest on the lingual side of the implant. Adding PRP (platelet rich plasma) to beta tricalcium phosphate helps in reduced bone loss in dental implants.