Bioinformation最新文献

The Sultanate of Oman has a rich biodiversity, particularly in medicinal plants, and plays a crucial role in traditional healthcare practices. However, the wealth of knowledge about these plants is scattered across various literature, making it challenging for researchers, practitioners, and the public to access comprehensive information. Therefore, the availability of a centralized, user-friendly online database to catalog Oman's medicinal plants is of great importance. PlantMedOman presented here, which currently holds 186 records helps to enhance academic research, support drug discovery studies, promote the conservation of medicinal plants, and foster greater awareness of Oman's ethnomedicinal heritage.

Anthrax remains a threat, especially in countries like Kyrgyzstan with developed livestock farming. Despite preventive efforts, sporadic outbreaks endure on an annual basis, transmitted from infected animals to humans. Here, we report a severe anthrax case in an 8-month-old child known to be caused when a sick calf was slaughtered in the neighborhood without proper protocols, resulting in intra-family infection. This underscores the importance of swift diagnosis, treatment, preventive measures, and awareness of zoonotic infections, animal vaccination and adherence to sanitary and veterinary protocols.

Epileptic seizures are directly linked with an anomalous influx of extracellular calcium or sodium anions through voltage-gated channels disturb the chemical and electrical gradients, resulting in seizures or jerking moments. Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) subunit α2δ-1 is the binding site for gabapentinoids used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. However, this class of drugs showed severe side effects associated with CNS and respiratory depression. Hence, we screened a total of 2583 phytochemicals from the Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database for their drug likeliness and pharmacokinetics (ADME/T) properties. The selected phytochemicals were docked with the VGCC α2δ-1 protein target and the marketed AED Pregabalin is used as standard. The docking results helped to select 45 docked compounds with better binding affinity, among which Acanthiline A showed the maximum binding affinity with the binding energy of -11.9 kcal/mol, thus reflecting its potential anti-epileptic activity.

Iron, an essential constituent of cell metabolism, is transported intra-cellularly bound to the ubiquitous 76 kDa blood glycoprotein transferrin via the transferrin receptor, CD71. Because of its structure, CD71 facilitates the binding and penetration of a large variety of viruses into the host. Among which the hemorrhagic fever-causing New World mammarena viruses (family of single stranded ambisense segmented RNA Arenaviridae), the single stranded positive sense RNA hepatitis C virus, the single stranded negative sense segmented influenza A virus, the single stranded negative sense RNA rabies virus, the single stranded positive sense SARS-CoV2 and possibly many others. In this process, CD71 is associated with the target of the anti-proliferative antibody-1 (CD81) viral co-receptor. In light of the plethora of novel and ancient viruses and microbes emerging from melting eternal glacier ice and permafrost, it is timely and critical to define and characterize interventions, besides the soluble form of CD71 (sCD71), that can abrogate or minimize this novice non-canonical function of CD71.

Diagnosis of proximal caries is a difficult task. Artificial intelligence (AI) enabled diagnosis is gaining momentum. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) smart phone application for bitewing radiography towards real-time caries lesion detection. The Efficient Det-Lite1 artificial neural network was used after training 100 radiographic images obtained from the department of Oral Medicine. Trained model was then installed in a Google Pixel 6 (GP6) smartphone as artificial intelligence app. The back-facing mobile phone video camera of GP6 was utilised to detect caries lesions on 100 bitewing radiographs (BWR) with 80 carious lesion in real-time. Two different techniques such as scanning the static BWR on laptop with a moving mobile and scanning the moving radiograph on the laptop with stationery mobile were used. The average value of sensitivity/precision/F1 scores for both the techniques was 0.75/0.846 and 0.795 respectively. AI programme using the rear-facing mobile phone video camera was found to detect 75% of caries lesions in real time on 100 BWR with a precision of 84.6%. Thus, the use of AI with smart phone app is useful for caries diagnosis which is readily accessible, easy to use and fast.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gaining popularity worldwide owing to its significant impact in science and innovation. The role of AI in prosthodontics has increased significantly in recent years. AI is used for diagnosis, decision-making, prognosis, treatment planning and prediction of outcomes. Integration of AI into prosthodontics can enhance the accuracy and precision of dental practice. However, limited datasets are a major constraint in its practical applications.

The relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and an atherogenic lipid profile which is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease is of interest. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 83 participants aged between 14 and 77 years. Their venous blood was drawn to determine the HbA1c and fasting lipid profile including total cholesterol triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) non-HDL cholesterol and the LDL/HDL ratio were also calculated. The correlations between HbA1c levels and these lipid profile parameters were analyzed. The study showed a significant correlation between HbA1c and LDL-C non-HDL-C and the LDL/HDL ratio. Although there was no significant difference in total cholesterol levels among all groups the levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c were positively correlated. HDL-C exhibited direct correlations with HbA1c there was no correlation between HbA1c and clinical characteristics except for age. Data shows that HbA1c can be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients there is a significant correlation between HbA1c and an atherogenic lipid profile which highlights the importance of glycemic control in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Mental health disorders and substance abuse are prevalent issues that significantly impact individuals and societies. Medical students are particularly vulnerable due to the intense pressures and challenges inherent in medical education. This current investigation aims to explore the mental health status and patterns of substance abuse among medical students, identifying associated factors and potential interventions. A cross-sectional study was executed with 421 undergraduate and post graduate medical students from a tertiary care centre. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with psychological distress and substance abuse. Substance abuse was reported by 21.4% of participants, while 20.7% experienced psychological distress. There was a statistically significant association between substance abuse and psychological distress (p=0.005). Factors associated with psychological distress included sleep deprivation (Adjusted OR: 24.8, p=0.001), whereas factors associated with substance abuse included male gender (Adjusted OR: 2.3, p=0.001), older age, staying with friends (Adjusted OR: 1.8, p=0.04) and sleep deprivation abuse (OR: 2.0, p=0.01). This study highlights a significant occurrence of psychological distress and substance abuse among medical students. Interventions to improve mental health and reduce substance abuse among medical students should consider these associated factors, emphasizing the importance of sleep hygiene, stress management and supportive environments.

The evaluation of infection rate for CoVid-19 cases among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals using haematological parameters is of interest. Data such as age, gender, occupation, location, signs and symptoms, length of symptoms, date of sample collection and report generation, status of vaccinations, and outcome available in the database was used in this analysis. Ferritin levels, D-dimer values, CRP, troponin-1 levels and platelet count of each CoVid-19 patient were recorded and analysed. Data shows that maximum number of cases was reported during the second wave 143 (51.07%). The common age group affected was 31-40 years 28.56%. The common symptom identified was weakness in arms and legs among the unvaccinated group of CoVid-19 positive group. However, common symptom identified was fatigue (87%) among those who received only the first dose of CoVid vaccine. Nonetheless, the symptom identified was hair loss (68%) among those who received both the doses of CoVid vaccine. Thus, data shows that people do experience severe and life-threatening COVID-19 infection despite receiving the vaccination. Nonetheless, the infection is mild and very few individuals require hospitalization. No deaths are reported in the group that received the vaccination. This is in contrast to the unvaccinated group, which had a severe CoVid-19 infection with few deaths reported.

α-Synuclein aggregation into toxic oligomeric species is central to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Anle138b is a recently identified inhibitor of α-synuclein oligomerization showing promise in preclinical studies. This study employed computational approaches to elucidate Anle138b's mechanism of oligomer-specific action. The inhibitory potential of Anle138b against α-synuclein oligomers was evaluated by performing molecular docking studies using AutoDock Tools, followed by their binding pocket analysis. Further, protein-protein docking studies were performed using Hex8.0 to validate the aggregation inhibitory potential of Anle138b. Molecular docking revealed increasing binding affinity of Anle138b against higher order α-synuclein oligomers (dimer to decamer). Anle138b occupied oligomeric cavity and interacted with residues Thr54, Gly73, Val74 and Thr75 across several oligomers. Protein-protein docking showed that Anle138b interferes with α-synuclein decamer formation. These results highlight the oligomer-directed inhibitory mechanism of Anle138b, without hindering the monomeric forms and provide molecular insights to advance its therapeutic development for Parkinson's and related synucleinopathies.