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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant challenge due to its variable insulin requirements and impact on pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it is of interest to identify maternal, clinical, and lifestyle factors associated with insulin use among 386 women diagnosed with GDM. Detailed data on demographics, anthropometry, family history, comorbidities, diet, physical activity, and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. Higher pre-pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, insulin resistance markers, and co-morbid conditions were significantly linked to insulin requirement. Early identification of high-risk women can enable timely interventions and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and the direct renal effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists remain underexplored. Using a hyperglycemic chick embryo model (n=120), we evaluated dose-dependent nephroprotective effects of lixisenatide. Hyperglycemia induced renal hypertrophy, histological injury, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Lixisenatide, particularly at high doses, significantly ameliorated these changes, normalizing kidney-to-body ratios and reducing MDA, TNF-α and caspase-3 activity. Thus, we show that lixisenatide directly preserves renal structure and function independent of systemic metabolic control.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common cause of morbidity among adolescent girls, impacting school attendance and quality of life. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 rural adolescent girls (13-18 years) in Dadra and Nagar Haveli using a structured interview schedule and Numerical Pain Rating Scale to assess prevalence and determinants of dysmenorrhea. Data showed that 61.3% experienced moderate pain and 27% severe pain, with significant associations between severity and BMI (p = 0.031), family history (p = 0.015) and family type (p = 0.029). No significant associations were observed with age, menarcheal age, cycle frequency, flow duration, religion, or income.

The effect of knee-length DVT stockings and structured leg exercises in reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is of interest. Participants were randomly divided into experimental (n=60) and control (n=60) groups and DVT risk was assessed using the Modified Caprini Risk Score at baseline and Wells Criteria post-intervention. Baseline scores were comparable, confirming group homogeneity, but post-intervention analysis showed a significant reduction in DVT probability in the experimental group. The mean Wells score was 0.82 for the experimental group compared to 5.37 in the control group, with p < 0.001 indicating a highly significant difference. Data shows that simple, non-pharmacological interventions can effectively lower DVT risk in high-risk surgical patients and should be incorporated into routine post-operative care to reduce thromboembolic complications.

Smart braces are a new orthodontic appliance using advanced materials and sensors for improved tooth movement. This study compared their efficiency, duration and patient satisfaction to traditional braces in a randomized hospital-based cohort of 120 patients. Data showed significantly shorter treatment times and fewer adjustments with smart braces. Patients also reported higher comfort and satisfaction levels. Thus, we show smart braces offer a more efficient and patient-friendly alternative to conventional orthodontic treatment.

Thyroid nodules are common and distinguishing benign from malignant ones is essential for optimal management. This cross-sectional study of 120 patients assessed Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in differentiating thyroid nodules, correlating results with histopathology. Malignant nodules showed higher mean ARFI values (3.59 ± 0.7 m/s) than benign ones (1.98 ± 0.31 m/s). With a 2.8 m/s cutoff, ARFI achieved 92.6% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. Combining ARFI with conventional ultrasound improved diagnostic accuracy, highlighting its potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies.

Management of deep carious lesions in young permanent teeth poses a significant clinical challenge due to the risk of pulpal exposure and subsequent loss of vitality. Therefore, this study evaluates and compares the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Step-wise Caries Excavation (SWE) versus Indirect Pulp Capping (IPC) in young permanent molars with deep carious lesions. Hence, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 children aged 8-13 years, having 40 permanent molars with deep carious lesions, randomly allocated to either SWE (n=20) or IPC (n=20) groups. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at baseline, 1 week, 3 months and 6 months. At 1-week follow-up, both groups showed similar success rates (95% in SWE versus 95% in IPC, p=1.000). Thus, we show that IPC is more effective than SWE in preserving pulp vitality in young permanent teeth with deep carious lesions, offering a less invasive and more economical treatment approach.

Leucorrhea is a common gynecological concern among postmenopausal women, often resulting from infections, hormonal changes, or hygiene issues. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the effectiveness of salt solution wash versus warm water wash in reducing leucorrhea symptoms. Hence, sixty postmenopausal women were divided equally into two groups for a 7-day intervention. Results showed a significant reduction in symptoms in the salt wash group (p < 0.05), while warm water showed minimal improvement. Demographic factors such as residence, diet and hygiene knowledge were associated with outcomes. Salt wash demonstrated superior antimicrobial and cleansing effects. It offers a cost-effective, accessible hygiene intervention in resource-limited settings.

The effect of implant tilt and transmucosal abutment angulation on stress distribution around tilted dental implants in a simulated maxillary arch using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Eight 3D models with varying implant tilts (17°, 25°, 30°, 35°) and abutment angulations (17°, 30°) were analyzed under a 200 N vertical load. Matched angulations (e.g., 17°/17°, 30°/30°) showed more uniform and favorable stress distribution. Angular mismatches greater than 5° significantly increase stress in abutments and crestal bone. Implant tilts beyond 30° combined with mismatched abutments may compromise biomechanical stability and prosthetic success.

Rehabilitation of lost teeth especially in esthetic regions with compromised ridges is very unpredictable and challenging to the prosthodontist. Rehabilitating these patients with unaesthetic long span fixed partial dentures may be unacceptable to the patient. This case report presents rehabilitation of a 48 year old patient with missing mandibular anterior teeth and Seibert's class III using a Fixed-removable prosthesis (Andrews Bridge). Andrews's bridge system is mostly indicated in patients with large hard and soft tissue defects. This prosthesis helps in restoring the function, speech with improved esthetics.