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A fluid-resistant seal must be created for a root canal (RC) treatment to be successful and this is typically accomplished by combining gutta-percha with an RC sealer. The push-out bond strength test is used to evaluate the root canal sealer's effectiveness. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the push out bond strength of dissimilar root canal sealers.40 human premolar teeth were chosen, and after root canal preparation, 10 samples of each of the following sealant materials were used during obturation using gutta-percha cones: Group I: BIO-C ION + sealer; Group II: AH Plus; Group III: Bioceramic sealer (Sure Seal Root); and Group IV: -MTA-Fillapex. After that, the samples were sectioned into coronal, middle and apical parts by transverse sectioning. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate the push out bond strength (UTM). ANOVA was used to do statistical analysis on the collected data. Compared to the three other sealers, BIO-C ION PLUS sealer's push out bond strength (POBS) was noticeably stronger. The results of this investigation might help clinicians to choose an appropriate endodontic sealer.

The correlation between remaining dentin thickness and fracture resistance in prepared teeth is of interest to dentists. A sample of 60 human teeth (mandibular premolars) was extracted and examined using cone beam computed tomography to assess residual dentin thickness before and after instrumentation. The gathered samples have been divided into three distinct categories, each with 20 samples. Hand files were used in Group 1, Protaper Next was used in Group 2, and a V taper was used in Group 3. They were examined for remaining dentin thickness after preparation with 3D CS Software and fracture resistance utilizing a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare the amount of dentin removed by V Taper and Pro Taper Next to hand files using CBCT at the apical and coronal middle levels. Following that, these values will be correlated with fracture resistance values obtained from the Universal Testing Machine.

It is known that vertical root fractures are influenced by the canal diameter. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the stress distribution in three distinct root canal taper designs using finite element analysis. We used a Hyflex Nickel Titanium (NiTi) rotary file to clean and shape a few lower incisor teeth with single canals. Three designs were developed, including a 4% tapered canal preparation, a 6% tapered canal preparation and an 8% tapered canal preparation. Every tooth sample underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and any stresses were found using finite element analysis. The collected data was statistically analysed. In all three designs, the coronal area had the most stress, followed by the middle and the apical area with the least. Enamel had a higher stress value than dentin (MPa). In enamel and dentin with either oblique or vertical stress loading, design 3 (8% taper) had the highest stress value, followed by design 2 (6% taper) and design 1 (4% taper). The difference was statistically significant. Enamel had the highest Young modulus value followed by dentin and mandibular alveolar bone, while periodontal ligament (PDL) had the lowest value. In comparison to the apical and middle part, all canal preparations showed greatest enamel stress at the coronal load locations. As canal tapering rises, so does the stress.

Despite the availability and benefits of birth control pills, rural areas in countries like India face challenges regarding contraceptive knowledge and utilization. Factors such as limited access to healthcare, cultural taboos, and educational barriers contribute to this issue. Addressing these gaps requires tailored reproductive health education and improved access to contraceptive services. This study aims to assess birth control pill knowledge among married women in rural areas of Mahesana District, Gujarat, India, considering socio-demographic factors and information sources. A descriptive research design was employed, with 100 married women sampled using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering socio-demographic variables and birth control pill knowledge. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, were utilized for analysis. The mean knowledge score for birth control pills among surveyed women was 11.97 out of 20, corresponding to 59.85%. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and age, number of children, religion, occupation, family-type, source of information, socioeconomic status and education level. Younger women and those with fewer children demonstrated higher knowledge levels. Additionally, women with higher education, access to healthcare, and diverse sources of information exhibited greater knowledge. The study reveals a substantial level of knowledge among rural married women regarding birth control pills, suggesting effective dissemination of contraceptive information in the studied region. Factors such as education, access to healthcare, and diverse information sources significantly influence contraceptive knowledge. These findings align with previous research, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions and improved access to reproductive health services. Further research could explore additional factors influencing contraceptive knowledge and inform targeted interventions for improving reproductive health outcomes in rural areas.

The crippling disorder known as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is caused by the fusing of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull, which results in limited mouth opening and severe functional impairment. In order to stop re-ankylosis, surgical care is essential and several interpositional materials have been tried. The therapy of TMJ ankylosis is compared in this research between dermal fat grafts and temporal fascia. Thirty patients with TMJ ankylosis in total were split into two groups at random. A temporal fascia graft was administered to Group A (n = 15), while a dermal fat transplant was administered to Group B (n = 15). The three main outcomes that were evaluated were the incidence of re-ankylosis, pain thresholds, and postoperative mouth opening. A Vernier caliper was used to measure the mouth openness, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to gauge discomfort. One, three, and six months after surgery were the follow-up times. According to the research, dermal fat grafts may be a better option for treating TMJ ankylosis than temporal fascia grafts since them result in improved postoperative mouth opening, less discomfort, and a decreased chance of re-ankylosis. Both materials work well, however, and the patient's specific circumstances may influence the graft selection.

Recently there has been an increased interest on the identifying and preventing the disease with profuse biomarkers. There are very few studies done in understanding the relationship of TFF3 levels in the diseased condition. Therefore, it is of interest to determine effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on trefoil factor levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Study sample consisting of 40 subjects of which 20 with gingivitis and 20 with moderate chronic periodontitis were included. The clinical parameters assessed were gingival index, Plaque index, and Probing Depth and Clinical attachment levels. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate Serum Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Intra group comparisons in gingivitis and periodontitis group have shown that all clinical and biochemical parameters have significantly reduced from base line to 3 months. Increased serum TFF3 concentrations were observed after non-surgical periodontal therapy in both gingivitis and chronic periodontitis group (p<0.001). In conclusion clinical and biochemical analysis of serum TFF3 revealed its influence on periodontal disease activity. Elevated serum Trefoil factor 3 levels showed a strong association with decrease in clinical parameters taken after the therapy.

Bacterial identification is a critical process in microbiology, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Machine learning holds great promise for improving bacterial identification by increasing accuracy, speed, and scalability. However, challenges such as data dependency, model interpretability, and computational demands must be addressed to fully realize it's potential. k-mer based bacterial identification algorithm is an attempt to address these issues. Sequence matching is completed using the KNN technique. This included feature extraction, dataset preparation, classifier training, and label prediction based on k-mer frequency distribution similarity. The algorithm's performance has been cross-checked through accuracy assessment metrics such as F1 score and precision with an impressive 93% accuracy rate.

The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among patients seeking treatment at a teritiary care teaching institute of kolar district is of interest. This was a cross sectional observational study done at teritiary care center 3649 subjects underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation was done including history, visual acuity, slit lamp examination for cataract grading and posterior segment evaluation and IOP. Pseudoexfoliation Patients data were analyzed with respect to age, sex, IOP, cataract and optic neuropathy. 372subjects had pseudoexfoliation syndrome (10.1 %). There was a significant increase in prevalence with age more in age group of 61-70 years increase preponderance in males. 53 cases with PEX (14.2%) had high IOP, and 41 cases (11%) had PEX glaucoma. The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome was 10.1%. Raised IOP was seen in14.2 % of people with pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma was present in11% of people.

Careful planning is essential for a successful outcome of dental implants. Determining the size of the implant and placement angle requires precise knowledge of the alveolar bone's height, width, shape, and density surrounding the intended implant location. Hence the goal of the current research was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the anterior maxilla's bone state for dental implant insertion. The study included 30 patients, both male and female, who had CBCT scans of their anterior maxilla and needed dental implants in their maxillary anterior teeth. Measuring parameters included buccal undercut position and depth, as well as bone height and width. When comparing the canine region to the incisors, the mean bone height and width was higher. Buccal undercut, however, was more for the incisor region. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Periodontitis, marked by the deterioration of the tissues bordering the surfaces of the teeth, is one of the most prevalent diseases. The presence of pathogenic bacteria, also known as "periopathogens" in the gingival sulcus region is the main cause of periodontitis. Analyzing the relationship between ocular disorders, chronic tonsillitis and periodontitis has been the subject of few investigations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis, glaucoma and chronic tonsillitis. This study evaluated periodontal health in glaucoma and chronic tonsillitis patients among ageing adults and the elderly population. It was a case-control study in which there was an evaluation of the correlation between periodontitis glaucoma and chronic tonsillitis. 120 clinically diagnosed cases of glaucoma and 120 clinically healthy individuals were taken as controls. 123 cases of clinically diagnosed cases of chronic tonsillitis were taken as controls. In every clinically diagnosed case, there was a thorough periodontal examination by measuring the following parameters. PI: periodontal index. CAL: Clinical attachment loss. BI: Bleeding index. There was a collection of biofilm specimens from the buccal surface of the maxillary first molar, second molar and mandibular anterior for evaluation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans. The specimens were cultured in agar plates. The CFU/ml was calculated. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was statistically significant difference in values of PI (p<0.001) indicating poor periodontal health in glaucoma patients and chronic tonsillitis patients. There was statistically significant difference in values of BI (p<0.001), indicating increased bleeding from gums in glaucoma patients and chronic tonsillitis patients. In our study there was statistically significant difference in values of CAL indicating increased attachment loss in glaucoma patients and chronic tonsillitis patients. There was statistically significant difference in values of CFUs of Streptococcus mutans in plaque samples indicating increased CFUs of Streptococcus mutans in chronic tonsillitis and glaucoma patients. This study demonstrated the link between periodontitis glaucoma and chronic tonsillitis and offered a potential explanation. To solve this study's shortcomings, more research would be required. Examining individuals with chronic tonsillitis and glaucoma requires determining the oral cavity's state and computing dental indices, of which the periodontal index is crucial. Recommending extensive therapy for patients suffering from periodontitis, glaucoma, and chronic tonsillitis is imperative by ophthalmologists, ENT professionals and periodontists.