About 966 billion US dollars have been spent globally treating and managing diabetic patients. Notwithstanding individuals' substantial access to the required primary medical services and essential medicines, it is tempting to get momentum in identifying new chemical entities, biologics, or small molecules as drug candidates that are prophylactically and therapeutically effective against lifestyle-based maladies, thereby backing the overall health mission of Sustainable Development Goals. Towards this context, the study aims to screen natural inhibitor(s) targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 using hybrid approaches of bioinformatics and medicinal chemistry. Data set of 513 ligands of terpenoids in nature was retrieved from the naturally occurring plant-based anticancerous compound-activity-target database (NPACT) and performed docking studies. Sitagliptin depicted substantial binding affinity among reference drugs with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV) (binding energy: -8.63 kcal/mol, Inhibition constant: 163.65 μM). Among all terpenoids, Asiatic acid (ΔG: -9.95 kcal/mol, 85.23 μM), Aucubin (-9.86 kcal/mol, 98.98 μM), Ailanquassin A (-9.25 kcal/mol, 156.23 μM), and 6-α-hydroxyneopulchellin (-9.18 kcal/mol, 189.76 μM) depicted strong binding affinities with DPP IV compared to Sitagliptin. Based on the MD simulation findings, Asiatic acid and Aucubin were better lead molecules than Sitagliptin. However, holistic wet-lab validations are required before manifesting their therapeutic implications against diabetes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Terpenoids as Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Lead Molecules: Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.376","url":null,"abstract":"About 966 billion US dollars have been spent globally treating and managing diabetic patients. Notwithstanding individuals' substantial access to the required primary medical services and essential medicines, it is tempting to get momentum in identifying new chemical entities, biologics, or small molecules as drug candidates that are prophylactically and therapeutically effective against lifestyle-based maladies, thereby backing the overall health mission of Sustainable Development Goals. Towards this context, the study aims to screen natural inhibitor(s) targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 using hybrid approaches of bioinformatics and medicinal chemistry. Data set of 513 ligands of terpenoids in nature was retrieved from the naturally occurring plant-based anticancerous compound-activity-target database (NPACT) and performed docking studies. Sitagliptin depicted substantial binding affinity among reference drugs with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV) (binding energy: -8.63 kcal/mol, Inhibition constant: 163.65 μM). Among all terpenoids, Asiatic acid (ΔG: -9.95 kcal/mol, 85.23 μM), Aucubin (-9.86 kcal/mol, 98.98 μM), Ailanquassin A (-9.25 kcal/mol, 156.23 μM), and 6-α-hydroxyneopulchellin (-9.18 kcal/mol, 189.76 μM) depicted strong binding affinities with DPP IV compared to Sitagliptin. Based on the MD simulation findings, Asiatic acid and Aucubin were better lead molecules than Sitagliptin. However, holistic wet-lab validations are required before manifesting their therapeutic implications against diabetes.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41652994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic production is continuously increasing worldwide for daily use. Micro-plastics and nano-plastics remain major emerging pollutants and threaten the environment, ecosystem, human health, and well-being. Micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) are also exposed to humans through cosmetics, inhalation, ingestion, drinking water, dietary sources, and drug formulations. Oral uptake is the major among the different exposure routes of MNPs to humans. After entry, it gets absorbed due to its nano size (˂100 nm) and easily distributed to all parts of the body through blood, affecting multiple organs, especially vital organs of the human body leading to severe diseases. It causes cancer, heart, liver, and kidney diseases, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and affects the brain. Its adsorption with protein leads to multi-layered corona formation in human blood plasma. MNPs interact with immune cells and induce pro-inflammatory mediators, inflammatory reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and associated cytotoxicity. MNPs suppress T lymphocyte activity which results in a lack of immune regulation leading to autoimmune diseases. Hence, it is necessary to understand the impact of MNPs exposure on humans. Strict control measures for the production and use of plastics and developing appropriate strategies for safe disposal would prevent MNPs-mediated toxicity in humans.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Impact of Micro-Nanoplastics Exposure on Human Health and Diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.381","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic production is continuously increasing worldwide for daily use. Micro-plastics and nano-plastics remain major emerging pollutants and threaten the environment, ecosystem, human health, and well-being. Micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) are also exposed to humans through cosmetics, inhalation, ingestion, drinking water, dietary sources, and drug formulations. Oral uptake is the major among the different exposure routes of MNPs to humans. After entry, it gets absorbed due to its nano size (˂100 nm) and easily distributed to all parts of the body through blood, affecting multiple organs, especially vital organs of the human body leading to severe diseases. It causes cancer, heart, liver, and kidney diseases, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and affects the brain. Its adsorption with protein leads to multi-layered corona formation in human blood plasma. MNPs interact with immune cells and induce pro-inflammatory mediators, inflammatory reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and associated cytotoxicity. MNPs suppress T lymphocyte activity which results in a lack of immune regulation leading to autoimmune diseases. Hence, it is necessary to understand the impact of MNPs exposure on humans. Strict control measures for the production and use of plastics and developing appropriate strategies for safe disposal would prevent MNPs-mediated toxicity in humans.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study synthesized a reduced graphene oxide-silica-based (rGO/SiO2) nanocomposite for quercetin delivery as an anticancer model drug delivery. The synthesized rGO/SiO2 nanocomposite was investigated by several characterization methods such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experiments result show that the rGO/SiO2 nanocomposite has been synthesized successfully and has an average particle size of 50-120 nm.
{"title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silica Nanocomposite as Anticancer Drug Delivery Nanocarrier","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.383","url":null,"abstract":"This study synthesized a reduced graphene oxide-silica-based (rGO/SiO2) nanocomposite for quercetin delivery as an anticancer model drug delivery. The synthesized rGO/SiO2 nanocomposite was investigated by several characterization methods such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experiments result show that the rGO/SiO2 nanocomposite has been synthesized successfully and has an average particle size of 50-120 nm.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43400025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six samples of Cu2Zn0.6Ca0.4SnS4 labeled Y1 – Y6 were spin-coated on a pre-cleaned glass from 20 ml each of 0.067 moll Calcium sulfate (CaSO4, 98.5% KermerR) and 0.1 mol each of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2, 99% Aldrich), Copper(II)sulfate hexahydrate (Cu2SO4.6H2O, 98.5% KermerR), stannous sulfate (SnSO4, 99% KermerR), and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3, 98.5% Aldrich) with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 99% DHR) and triethanolamine (C6H15NO3, 99% KermerR) used as complexing agents. They were left to dry at room temperature. Y2 – Y6 were subjected to heat tempering in a carbolite furnace between 150 - 750 ℃ with a step height of 150 ℃. The alloy thin films were structurally, morphologically, and optically characterized. The grain sizes for Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, and Y6 are 15 nm, 40nm,43 nm, 45 nm, 44 nm, and 42 nm, respectively. The interruption of the normal stacking sequence of atomic planes initially decreases as the temperature increases and the microstrain. The microstrain and stacking fault energy both climaxed at 600 ℃. Microstrain and stacking fault energy exhibit a sine and allometric relationship with the temperature (T). As the temperature increases, the band gap reduces from 3.60 eV to 3.26 eV. The residue effect of heat on the band gap variation gives a relative exponential decay of the crystallite. The difference between a shift in energy and a change in optical band gap (∆Estrain) as a function of temperature is given as -0.031 ±3.66667×10^(-4) T.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Heat-Tempered Cu2Zn0.6Ca0.4SnS4 Alloy Thin Film","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.390","url":null,"abstract":"Six samples of Cu2Zn0.6Ca0.4SnS4 labeled Y1 – Y6 were spin-coated on a pre-cleaned glass from 20 ml each of 0.067 moll Calcium sulfate (CaSO4, 98.5% KermerR) and 0.1 mol each of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2, 99% Aldrich), Copper(II)sulfate hexahydrate (Cu2SO4.6H2O, 98.5% KermerR), stannous sulfate (SnSO4, 99% KermerR), and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3, 98.5% Aldrich) with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 99% DHR) and triethanolamine (C6H15NO3, 99% KermerR) used as complexing agents. They were left to dry at room temperature. Y2 – Y6 were subjected to heat tempering in a carbolite furnace between 150 - 750 ℃ with a step height of 150 ℃. The alloy thin films were structurally, morphologically, and optically characterized. The grain sizes for Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, and Y6 are 15 nm, 40nm,43 nm, 45 nm, 44 nm, and 42 nm, respectively. The interruption of the normal stacking sequence of atomic planes initially decreases as the temperature increases and the microstrain. The microstrain and stacking fault energy both climaxed at 600 ℃. Microstrain and stacking fault energy exhibit a sine and allometric relationship with the temperature (T). As the temperature increases, the band gap reduces from 3.60 eV to 3.26 eV. The residue effect of heat on the band gap variation gives a relative exponential decay of the crystallite. The difference between a shift in energy and a change in optical band gap (∆Estrain) as a function of temperature is given as -0.031 ±3.66667×10^(-4) T.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derivatives of 1,3,5-oxadiazine are of great interest as potential biologically active compounds. In this work, we report on a new method for synthesizing 1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives. The method is based on the elimination of hydrogen sulfide from N-((1-carboxamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)carbamothioyl)benzamides by the action of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Presumably, at the first stage of the transformation, an intermediate carbodiimide is formed, which then enters into the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with another DCC molecule to form the final products - N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-(((2Z,4E)-3-cyclohexyl-2-(cyclohexylimino)-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-ylidene)amino)ethyl)carboxamides. Target products were obtained in 68-89% yields. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
{"title":"A New Approach to the Synthesis of 4H-1,3,5-Oxadiazine Derivatives","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.379","url":null,"abstract":"Derivatives of 1,3,5-oxadiazine are of great interest as potential biologically active compounds. In this work, we report on a new method for synthesizing 1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives. The method is based on the elimination of hydrogen sulfide from N-((1-carboxamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)carbamothioyl)benzamides by the action of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Presumably, at the first stage of the transformation, an intermediate carbodiimide is formed, which then enters into the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with another DCC molecule to form the final products - N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-(((2Z,4E)-3-cyclohexyl-2-(cyclohexylimino)-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-ylidene)amino)ethyl)carboxamides. Target products were obtained in 68-89% yields. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49170296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candida albicans (C. albicans) have long been attributed to various diseases like candidiasis and systemic diseases and exacerbate the symptoms of immunocompromised patients. C. albicans has enzymes that could function as drug targets to decrease its pathogenicity and eradicate the fungi. This research aimed to investigate the potency of selected polyphenols contained in dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in inhibiting important enzymes of C. albicans through molecular docking simulation. The structures of four target enzymes (Sap 1, Sap 2, Sap 3, Sap 5) of C. albicans and six selected polyphenol compounds from dates were downloaded from PDB and prepared using YASARA Structure. A molecular docking simulation was conducted using YASARA Structure. Docking results showed that procyanidin has a high binding affinity with target protein Sap 1 and Sap 5, while beta carotene has a high binding affinity with Sap 2 and Sap 3. The binding affinity range of all ligand-receptor complexes was as follows: Sap 1 (5.782 – 9.907 kcal/mol), Sap 2 (5.943 – 9.343 kcal/mol), Sap 3 (5.732 – 8.905 kcal/mol), and Sap 5 (5.873 – 9.430 kcal/mol). The interactions formed included hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, and unfavorable bindings. The data generated from molecular docking analysis warrant further experiments are necessary.
{"title":"Selected Polyphenols from Date (Phoenix dactylifera) as Anti-Virulence of Candida albicans Through Multiple Enzyme Targets","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.386","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans (C. albicans) have long been attributed to various diseases like candidiasis and systemic diseases and exacerbate the symptoms of immunocompromised patients. C. albicans has enzymes that could function as drug targets to decrease its pathogenicity and eradicate the fungi. This research aimed to investigate the potency of selected polyphenols contained in dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in inhibiting important enzymes of C. albicans through molecular docking simulation. The structures of four target enzymes (Sap 1, Sap 2, Sap 3, Sap 5) of C. albicans and six selected polyphenol compounds from dates were downloaded from PDB and prepared using YASARA Structure. A molecular docking simulation was conducted using YASARA Structure. Docking results showed that procyanidin has a high binding affinity with target protein Sap 1 and Sap 5, while beta carotene has a high binding affinity with Sap 2 and Sap 3. The binding affinity range of all ligand-receptor complexes was as follows: Sap 1 (5.782 – 9.907 kcal/mol), Sap 2 (5.943 – 9.343 kcal/mol), Sap 3 (5.732 – 8.905 kcal/mol), and Sap 5 (5.873 – 9.430 kcal/mol). The interactions formed included hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, and unfavorable bindings. The data generated from molecular docking analysis warrant further experiments are necessary.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the present research is to increase the oral bioavailability of Valsartan by inclusion complexes (ICVs) with a cyclodextrin-surfactant combination followed by the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs). The solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of ICVs. Methyl-ß-cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-ß- cyclodextrin were evaluated with the combination of poloxamer 188 to get the formulations with the desired solubility. Central composite design (CCD) was used as the experimental design as a part of the quality by design (QbD) approach. The optimized ICVs were further developed into FDTs by direct compression technique. Taking concentration of povidone, type and concentration of disintegrant as the formulation factors, the FDTs were optimized using CCD. In-vivo bioavailability study in rats was performed for the optimized FDTs against the marketed tablets. The optimized ICVs were found to have a 3.12 mg/mL solubility. The optimized FDTs were found to be disintegrated in 18.7 sec and dissolved 90% of the dose in 6.3 min. The In-vivo results indicated that the FDTs exhibited rapid absorption and an increase in bioavailability by 24.1% against the marketed tablets. The results indicated that the QbD approach successfully improved Valsartan's oral bioavailability through cyclodextrin-surfactant complexation.
{"title":"Quality by Design approach for Optimization and Development of Cyclodextrin-Surfactant Complex Based Formulations for Bioavailability Enhancement of Valsartan","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.388","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present research is to increase the oral bioavailability of Valsartan by inclusion complexes (ICVs) with a cyclodextrin-surfactant combination followed by the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs). The solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of ICVs. Methyl-ß-cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-ß- cyclodextrin were evaluated with the combination of poloxamer 188 to get the formulations with the desired solubility. Central composite design (CCD) was used as the experimental design as a part of the quality by design (QbD) approach. The optimized ICVs were further developed into FDTs by direct compression technique. Taking concentration of povidone, type and concentration of disintegrant as the formulation factors, the FDTs were optimized using CCD. In-vivo bioavailability study in rats was performed for the optimized FDTs against the marketed tablets. The optimized ICVs were found to have a 3.12 mg/mL solubility. The optimized FDTs were found to be disintegrated in 18.7 sec and dissolved 90% of the dose in 6.3 min. The In-vivo results indicated that the FDTs exhibited rapid absorption and an increase in bioavailability by 24.1% against the marketed tablets. The results indicated that the QbD approach successfully improved Valsartan's oral bioavailability through cyclodextrin-surfactant complexation.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work was done to assess in silico interactions of some of the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with the main protease (MPro) of coronavirus to approach insights into enzymatic activity inhibition. Fifteen models of triazole derivatives (T2-T16) were investigated in this work to examine such benefits of structural modifications of T1 for approaching better ligand structures. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the derivative ligand models were in their new characteristic specifications compared with the original T1 ligand and other T ligands. One important point was that the derivatives ligands were in higher levels of activity in comparison with the original T1 affirming the benefits of employing such structural modifications. Next, the results of molecular docking simulations indicated the potential of derivative ligands for participating in efficient interactions with the MPro target of coronavirus. As a result, the ligand models were stabilized. Their interactions with the MPro of coronavirus revealed that the investigated triazole derivatives could be considered possible inhibitors of MPro of coronavirus.
{"title":"In Silico Interactions of Some of the Triazole Derivatives with the Main Protease of Coronavirus","authors":"E. Salarrezaei, K. Harismah, M. Mirzaei","doi":"10.33263/briac134.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.382","url":null,"abstract":"This work was done to assess in silico interactions of some of the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with the main protease (MPro) of coronavirus to approach insights into enzymatic activity inhibition. Fifteen models of triazole derivatives (T2-T16) were investigated in this work to examine such benefits of structural modifications of T1 for approaching better ligand structures. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the derivative ligand models were in their new characteristic specifications compared with the original T1 ligand and other T ligands. One important point was that the derivatives ligands were in higher levels of activity in comparison with the original T1 affirming the benefits of employing such structural modifications. Next, the results of molecular docking simulations indicated the potential of derivative ligands for participating in efficient interactions with the MPro target of coronavirus. As a result, the ligand models were stabilized. Their interactions with the MPro of coronavirus revealed that the investigated triazole derivatives could be considered possible inhibitors of MPro of coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41387772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper summarizes literature data on using crushed pistachio shells (Pistacia vera L.) as sorption materials to remove ions of various metals, dyes, and antibiotics from aqueous media. It provides brief information on the amount of pistachio processing waste, its chemical composition, and its recycling methods. It gives the adsorption process parameters and the values of pistachio shell sorption parameters for the studied pollutants. It was shown that pistachio shells' sorption characteristics for various pollutants could be increased by chemical modification with various chemical reagents. The isotherms of pollutant adsorption with pistachio shells were found to be, in most cases, more accurately described by the Langmuir model, and the process kinetics to follow in most cases, the pseudo-second-order model. It is shown that the pistachio shell is a good precursor for activated carbons production, which can also be used for the adsorption of various pollutants from aqueous media.
本文总结了使用破碎的开心果壳（Pistacia vera L.）作为吸附材料从水介质中去除各种金属、染料和抗生素离子的文献数据。它提供了开心果加工废物的数量、化学成分和回收方法的简要信息。给出了所研究污染物的吸附过程参数和开心果壳吸附参数值。结果表明，用各种化学试剂对开心果壳进行化学改性，可以提高其对各种污染物的吸附特性。发现在大多数情况下，开心果壳对污染物的吸附等温线由Langmuir模型更准确地描述，在大多数情况中，过程动力学遵循伪二阶模型。研究表明，开心果壳是生产活性炭的良好前驱体，也可用于吸附水介质中的各种污染物。
{"title":"Review of Pistachio (Pistacia) Shell Use to Remove Pollutants from Aqua Media","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/briac134.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/briac134.389","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes literature data on using crushed pistachio shells (Pistacia vera L.) as sorption materials to remove ions of various metals, dyes, and antibiotics from aqueous media. It provides brief information on the amount of pistachio processing waste, its chemical composition, and its recycling methods. It gives the adsorption process parameters and the values of pistachio shell sorption parameters for the studied pollutants. It was shown that pistachio shells' sorption characteristics for various pollutants could be increased by chemical modification with various chemical reagents. The isotherms of pollutant adsorption with pistachio shells were found to be, in most cases, more accurately described by the Langmuir model, and the process kinetics to follow in most cases, the pseudo-second-order model. It is shown that the pistachio shell is a good precursor for activated carbons production, which can also be used for the adsorption of various pollutants from aqueous media.","PeriodicalId":9026,"journal":{"name":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48103114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Ozma, E. Nabizadeh, M. R. Valiollahzadeh, J. Rashedi, B. M. Poor, V. Asgharzadeh, H. Kafil, E. Khodadadi, Z. Taghinejad, A. Abbasi, A. Esmaeili, M. Asgharzadeh
In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted from animal to human in China. Subsequently, the virus spread rapidly throughout the world by human-to-human transmission and caused high mortality the people with underlying diseases, especially hypertension. This virus binds to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), via the S protein. ACE2 has a negative regulatory function in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and degrades angiotensin 2 (Ang II) as a vasoconstrictor which causes blood pressure regulation. It also converts Ang II to Ang1-7, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hypertension reduces ACE2 levels due to virus binding, which decreases Ang II degradation. Consequently, the complications associated with hypertension are raised, and blood pumping from the lungs into the left atrium lowers. On the other hand, the final product, Ang1-7, is reduced, and its related anti-inflammatory activity is also eliminated. The virus multiplies and damages lung cells, causing inflammation and edema of the lung tissue through the function of immune cells and cytokines, which eventually leads to lung damage, reduced oxygen delivery, and death. Careful care of patients with hypertension can prevent their infection and reduce their death with appropriate oxygen therapy and possibly using exogenous ACE2 supplements.
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