Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006413
Firew Admasu
This article was developed for seminar presentation of PhD study in Aquaculture and fishery management. Background: to a quality, overcrowding and to quarantine. Management practices in than treatment. Objectives: Methods: conclusion:
{"title":"\"Pathology of Epizootic-Infectious Diseases of Fishes in Aquaculture\"","authors":"Firew Admasu","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006413","url":null,"abstract":"This article was developed for seminar presentation of PhD study in Aquaculture and fishery management. Background: to a quality, overcrowding and to quarantine. Management practices in than treatment. Objectives: Methods: conclusion:","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74143391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006416
A. H. Khan
This abstract describes the scientific basis of the origin of life on Earth. Life has never been on Earth like as it is today. It has evolved over millions of years from a single cell microbe to a trillion-cell human being. The history of the evolution of life on Earth is trapped as fossils in the geological formation of rocks trapped in the Earth. The lowest level of the three and a half billion-year-old rocks contains the fossil of the simplest life forms. As we moved up to study geological formation of the younger and younger layers of rocks, we observe accumulation of mutations over millions of years, resulting in the increase complexity of fossil records. We have recently learned a technique to extract DNA from the fossils. Using modern technique developed during genome sequencing, our analysis of the DNA from the fossil revealed the structures of ancient life forms. The sequencing of human genome has provided us with a genetic toolkit which contains molecular scissors (enzymes such as restriction enzyme, like EcoR1, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase etc.), to cut, paste, copy, and sequence a gene. This abstract also describes how we can move a gene from one species to another to benefit the bourgeoning population of the world by providing new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.
{"title":"\"The Impact of Sequencing Genomes on the Understanding of the Origin of Life on Earth\"","authors":"A. H. Khan","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006416","url":null,"abstract":"This abstract describes the scientific basis of the origin of life on Earth. Life has never been on Earth like as it is today. It has evolved over millions of years from a single cell microbe to a trillion-cell human being. The history of the evolution of life on Earth is trapped as fossils in the geological formation of rocks trapped in the Earth. The lowest level of the three and a half billion-year-old rocks contains the fossil of the simplest life forms. As we moved up to study geological formation of the younger and younger layers of rocks, we observe accumulation of mutations over millions of years, resulting in the increase complexity of fossil records. We have recently learned a technique to extract DNA from the fossils. Using modern technique developed during genome sequencing, our analysis of the DNA from the fossil revealed the structures of ancient life forms. The sequencing of human genome has provided us with a genetic toolkit which contains molecular scissors (enzymes such as restriction enzyme, like EcoR1, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase etc.), to cut, paste, copy, and sequence a gene. This abstract also describes how we can move a gene from one species to another to benefit the bourgeoning population of the world by providing new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80508147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006412
W. Abobatta
{"title":"Nutritional and Healthy Benefits of Fruits","authors":"W. Abobatta","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88236476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006414
A. Dicko
Citation: Amadou Dicko, Almamy Konate, Arnaud S.R. Tapsoba, Kisito Tindano, Moumouni Sanou, et al., Anthelmintic Activity in Vitro of Ceratotheca Sesamoides Endl and Striga Hermonthica (Delile) Benth Aqueous Extracts on Haemonchus Contortus Adult Worms. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 40(2)-2021. BJSTR. MS.ID.006414. In order to contribute for alternatives solutions to the chemical fight against NGIs, we carried out in vitro anthelmintic activity test of C. sesamoïdes, and of S. hermonthica aqueous extracts on adult worms of H. contortus. Three concentrations of each extract has be done; 100mg / ml, 50mg / ml and 25mg / ml. A negative control (PBS 1X) and a positive control levamisole at 2.5 mg / ml were constituted. The test was performed in three replicates with three replicas for each concentration per replicate. Adult worms were contacted with each concentration and then incubated in petri dishes (60X15cm) at 27 °C for 20 hours. The results showed a mortality rate of 79.86% at the concentration of 100mg / ml of C. sesamoids and 22.13% at the same concentration of the aqueous extract of S. hermonthica after 20 hours. Statistical analysis shows high significance P (<0,05). The LC (50) obtained were 78.74mg / ml and 212.13mg / ml respectively for C. sesamoides and S. hermonthica
{"title":"\"Anthelmintic Activity in Vitro of Ceratotheca Sesamoides Endl and Striga Hermonthica (Delile) Benth Aqueous Extracts on Haemonchus Contortus Adult Worms\"","authors":"A. Dicko","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006414","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Amadou Dicko, Almamy Konate, Arnaud S.R. Tapsoba, Kisito Tindano, Moumouni Sanou, et al., Anthelmintic Activity in Vitro of Ceratotheca Sesamoides Endl and Striga Hermonthica (Delile) Benth Aqueous Extracts on Haemonchus Contortus Adult Worms. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 40(2)-2021. BJSTR. MS.ID.006414. In order to contribute for alternatives solutions to the chemical fight against NGIs, we carried out in vitro anthelmintic activity test of C. sesamoïdes, and of S. hermonthica aqueous extracts on adult worms of H. contortus. Three concentrations of each extract has be done; 100mg / ml, 50mg / ml and 25mg / ml. A negative control (PBS 1X) and a positive control levamisole at 2.5 mg / ml were constituted. The test was performed in three replicates with three replicas for each concentration per replicate. Adult worms were contacted with each concentration and then incubated in petri dishes (60X15cm) at 27 °C for 20 hours. The results showed a mortality rate of 79.86% at the concentration of 100mg / ml of C. sesamoids and 22.13% at the same concentration of the aqueous extract of S. hermonthica after 20 hours. Statistical analysis shows high significance P (<0,05). The LC (50) obtained were 78.74mg / ml and 212.13mg / ml respectively for C. sesamoides and S. hermonthica","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006411
D. R
Editorial After iron, Zinc is the second most abundant trace metal in the human body. Zinc has a main role in various cellular functions such as maintenance of immune health. This property of zinc is of great significance in the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies show that Zinc exhibits antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS-CoV RNA polymerase. It also regulates inflammatory response and modulates antiviral and antibacterial immunity. [1,2] Studies show that Zinc produces significant effect on viral infections by variation in viral fusion, replication and translation of viral protein. Trial show that Zinc supplementation in COVID 19 patients decreased airway neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α release by impeding NF-kB-dependent transcription of inflammatory genes. [1,2] According to recent research Zinc can be used as adjunct therapy for viral life-threatening infections such as COVID 19. Zinc repletion produces anti-viral effects, moderates the cytokine storm, helps in early recovery, as it causes renewed nucleic acid and protein synthesis. [3] Zinc is an essential nutrient that has antiviral properties. Further research is essential to understand its therapeutic potential against life-threatening viral infections.
{"title":"Zinc and COVID-19","authors":"D. R","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006411","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial After iron, Zinc is the second most abundant trace metal in the human body. Zinc has a main role in various cellular functions such as maintenance of immune health. This property of zinc is of great significance in the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies show that Zinc exhibits antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS-CoV RNA polymerase. It also regulates inflammatory response and modulates antiviral and antibacterial immunity. [1,2] Studies show that Zinc produces significant effect on viral infections by variation in viral fusion, replication and translation of viral protein. Trial show that Zinc supplementation in COVID 19 patients decreased airway neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α release by impeding NF-kB-dependent transcription of inflammatory genes. [1,2] According to recent research Zinc can be used as adjunct therapy for viral life-threatening infections such as COVID 19. Zinc repletion produces anti-viral effects, moderates the cytokine storm, helps in early recovery, as it causes renewed nucleic acid and protein synthesis. [3] Zinc is an essential nutrient that has antiviral properties. Further research is essential to understand its therapeutic potential against life-threatening viral infections.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74202295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006409
E. Mehdipour
Emerging COVID- 19 Coronavirus and its Interaction and Simulation With N-(Glycine) and N-(Alanine) -Para Styrene Sulfonamide as New Drugs and Compare with Sulphadiazine, Sulfacetamide and Sulfathiazole. Biomed A new and modern method for investigation of covid-19 has been reported. In this study, simulation between coronavirus with the synthesized compounds as new drugs such as N-(glycine)-para styrene sulfonamide (GSS) and N-(alanine) - Para-styrene sulfonamide (ASS) was performed and compared with sulphadiazine (SDA), sulfacetamide (SAC), and sulfathiazole (STZ) as common drugs. Molecular docking has recently been used as a tool to gain insight into ligand–receptor interaction and display molecules for the binding affinities against a special receptor. Molecular docking calculations were performed on Auto Dock-Vina software. The 3D crystal structure of employed SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (7ACD) as Covid-19 and receptor were obtained from Protein Data Bank. The empirical free energy and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm was applied for molecular docking 7ACDwith GSS and ASS as anti-infection agents was used for molecular docking simulation. In addition, these interactions were compared with sulphadiazine, sulfacetamide, and sulfathiazole modeling. That is shown biological properties of these new sulfonamides similar to sulphadiazine, sulfacetamide, and sulfathiazole.
{"title":"\"Emerging COVID- 19 Coronavirus and its Interaction and Simulation With N-(Glycine) and N-(Alanine) -Para Styrene Sulfonamide as New Drugs and Compare with Sulphadiazine, Sulfacetamide and Sulfathiazole\"","authors":"E. Mehdipour","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006409","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging COVID- 19 Coronavirus and its Interaction and Simulation With N-(Glycine) and N-(Alanine) -Para Styrene Sulfonamide as New Drugs and Compare with Sulphadiazine, Sulfacetamide and Sulfathiazole. Biomed A new and modern method for investigation of covid-19 has been reported. In this study, simulation between coronavirus with the synthesized compounds as new drugs such as N-(glycine)-para styrene sulfonamide (GSS) and N-(alanine) - Para-styrene sulfonamide (ASS) was performed and compared with sulphadiazine (SDA), sulfacetamide (SAC), and sulfathiazole (STZ) as common drugs. Molecular docking has recently been used as a tool to gain insight into ligand–receptor interaction and display molecules for the binding affinities against a special receptor. Molecular docking calculations were performed on Auto Dock-Vina software. The 3D crystal structure of employed SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (7ACD) as Covid-19 and receptor were obtained from Protein Data Bank. The empirical free energy and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm was applied for molecular docking 7ACDwith GSS and ASS as anti-infection agents was used for molecular docking simulation. In addition, these interactions were compared with sulphadiazine, sulfacetamide, and sulfathiazole modeling. That is shown biological properties of these new sulfonamides similar to sulphadiazine, sulfacetamide, and sulfathiazole.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73852056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006410
X. Han–You
{"title":"\"The Deadly COVID-19 Being in Pandemic Near Two Years may be Man-Made in Inhumanity\"","authors":"X. Han–You","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82396135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heart Substructures Delineation in Lung SBRT: Central and Ultra-Central Lesions","authors":"Rodríguez Plá M","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006408","url":null,"abstract":"et al., Heart Substructures Delineation in Lung SBRT: Central and Ul-tra-Central Lesions. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 40(1)-2021. BJSTR. MS.ID.006408.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74565864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006404
E. Nastase
The Global Challenge of Colistin Resistance – Recent Evidence from Romania and Elsewhere. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res The increasing resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to a wide range of antibiotics has driven a return to colistin as the last resort in the treatment of severe infections. Given the stakes of colistin efficiency at both the individual level and generally, the manifestation and mechanisms of resistance to polymyxin E (also known as colistin) are now subject to careful monitoring and research. Recent findings from different parts of the world including Romania are reviewed and discussed in the light of ensuing challenges.
{"title":"\"The Global Challenge of Colistin Resistance – Recent Evidence from Romania and Elsewhere\"","authors":"E. Nastase","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006404","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Challenge of Colistin Resistance – Recent Evidence from Romania and Elsewhere. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res The increasing resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to a wide range of antibiotics has driven a return to colistin as the last resort in the treatment of severe infections. Given the stakes of colistin efficiency at both the individual level and generally, the manifestation and mechanisms of resistance to polymyxin E (also known as colistin) are now subject to careful monitoring and research. Recent findings from different parts of the world including Romania are reviewed and discussed in the light of ensuing challenges.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88488015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006405
Burkan Nasr Rashed Shaif
the back or left shoulder with signs of peritoneal irritation. Early diagnosis are important step in patients with Esophageal perforation, The diagnostic study of choice in any patient suspected of having an esophageal perforation is a contrast radiograph of the esophagus. A water soluble contrast esophagogram followed by barium, if necessary, is diagnostic in 90% of patients. CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen with oral contrast is also used with more frequency are more sensitive to localize site of perforation ,area of necrosis or fluid collection in mediastinal or pleural cavity. The plain chest radiograph less sensitive may appear normal early after esophageal perforation but however present pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pleural effusion, and hydropneumothorax, these findings in chest x. Ray highly suggestive of esophageal perforation [2,3]. Treatment should also be stepwise with consideration given to: patients clinical status and stability, Time since perforation, Location/size of the perforation, the extent of tissue necrosis and degree of contamination, the presence of underlying esophageal disease or disorder (Barrett’s,malignancy,achalasia ..ets). If esophageal perforation is suspected, immediate treatment should begin with cessation of all oral intake, intravenous fluid ABSTRACT The esophageal perforation remains a potentially devastating condition. Rapid diagnosis and therapy provide the best chance for survival; however, delay in diagnosis is common, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the diagnosis and Surgical Management for this potentially lethal Gastrointestinal condition.
{"title":"Esophageal Perforation Surgical Management","authors":"Burkan Nasr Rashed Shaif","doi":"10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.40.006405","url":null,"abstract":"the back or left shoulder with signs of peritoneal irritation. Early diagnosis are important step in patients with Esophageal perforation, The diagnostic study of choice in any patient suspected of having an esophageal perforation is a contrast radiograph of the esophagus. A water soluble contrast esophagogram followed by barium, if necessary, is diagnostic in 90% of patients. CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen with oral contrast is also used with more frequency are more sensitive to localize site of perforation ,area of necrosis or fluid collection in mediastinal or pleural cavity. The plain chest radiograph less sensitive may appear normal early after esophageal perforation but however present pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pleural effusion, and hydropneumothorax, these findings in chest x. Ray highly suggestive of esophageal perforation [2,3]. Treatment should also be stepwise with consideration given to: patients clinical status and stability, Time since perforation, Location/size of the perforation, the extent of tissue necrosis and degree of contamination, the presence of underlying esophageal disease or disorder (Barrett’s,malignancy,achalasia ..ets). If esophageal perforation is suspected, immediate treatment should begin with cessation of all oral intake, intravenous fluid ABSTRACT The esophageal perforation remains a potentially devastating condition. Rapid diagnosis and therapy provide the best chance for survival; however, delay in diagnosis is common, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the diagnosis and Surgical Management for this potentially lethal Gastrointestinal condition.","PeriodicalId":9035,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90963755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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