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Rapid detection of Brucella cells using a gold nanoparticle-based aptasensor via a simple colorimetric method. 通过简单的比色法,使用基于金纳米粒子的相应传感器快速检测布鲁氏菌细胞。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04370-8
Azam Ahangari, Pezhman Mahmoodi, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh, Mojtaba Salouti

Background: Brucellosis is a major worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Brucella spp. and threatens the health of communities. Novel methods for rapid detection of Brucella bacteria are beneficial and necessary in preventing infection and subsequent economic losses. Constructing biosensors with nanoparticles is a promising approach for identification of pathogenic bacteria in a short time. This study aimed to introduce a new detection method of Brucella cells using a biosensor, based on gold nanoparticles and a specific aptamer, via a colorimetric reaction. In this work, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized and attached to the aptamer through electrostatic bonding. The binding of aptamer to gold nanoparticles was confirmed by Uv/vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta sizer (DLS).

Results: In the presence of the bacterial cells, aptamers were bound to their targets, and the surfaces of the nanoparticles were depleted from aptamers resulting in intensified peroxidation activity of GNPs, and with the addition of 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the color of the solution was changed from red to purple, which indicated the presence of Brucella. The sensitivity of the aptasensor was investigated using different concentrations of Brucella cells and its specificity was confirmed against several species of bacteria. The results showed that the designed aptasensor was more sensitive compared to PCR assay method with the ability to detect 1.5 × 101 CFU/mL of the bacterial cells.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that the designed aptasensor can be used as a simple and rapid diagnostic tool to detect Brucella cells without need to experts and expensive laboratory equipment.

背景:布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌属引起的一种全球性人畜共患病,威胁着社区的健康。快速检测布鲁氏菌的新方法对于预防感染和随后的经济损失是有益和必要的。利用纳米粒子构建生物传感器是一种在短时间内识别病原菌的可行方法。本研究旨在介绍一种新的布鲁氏菌细胞检测方法,该方法基于金纳米粒子和特异性适配体,通过比色反应进行检测。在这项工作中,合成了金纳米粒子(GNPs),并通过静电结合附着到适配体上。通过紫外/可见分光光度法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和 ZETA 测定仪(DLS)证实了抗原与金纳米粒子的结合:在细菌细胞存在的情况下,适配体与目标结合,纳米粒子表面的适配体被耗尽,导致 GNPs 的过氧化活性增强,加入 3, 3', 5, 5'- 四甲基联苯胺(TMB)后,溶液的颜色由红色变为紫色,这表明布鲁氏菌的存在。使用不同浓度的布鲁氏菌细胞研究了该传感器的灵敏度,并确认了它对多种细菌的特异性。结果表明,与 PCR 检测方法相比,设计的灵敏度更高,能够检测出 1.5 × 101 CFU/mL 的细菌细胞:这些研究结果表明,设计的适配传感器可作为一种简单快速的诊断工具来检测布鲁氏菌细胞,而无需专家和昂贵的实验室设备。
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引用次数: 0
Developmental studies of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands in Japanese quails (Coturinx coturinx japonica). 日本鹌鹑舌下腺和下颌唾液腺的发育研究
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04355-7
Mahmoud Osman Khalifa, Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, Wafaa Gaber, Abdelmohaimen Mostafa Saleh

Background: The Japanese quail (Coturinx coturnix japonica) has a crucial role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century and continues to play main roles in our industry and scientific research. The advantages that the Japanese quail has, such as heavy egg production and high-quality meat with low cholesterol and fat contents, Moreover, the Japanese quail is easily managed, with high feeding conversion, low cost of investment, and high rate of returns. Salivary glands are a part of the lingual apparatus that secretes serios and mucous saliva. Whereas, the saliva secretions have different roles in the food variation, apprehension, and moisture of food bolus. The morphological and cytochemical analysis are done on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos of 6th, 10th, 11th, and 13th days of incubation and 25 healthy quail chicks at hatching day old, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 60th days old. These samples are investigated histologically, histochemically, and scanned by electron microscopy serially. Our purpose of the study is to highlight the area of the oropharyngeal salivary glands and their role in food variation, as few studies spoke about that in Japanese quail.

Results: The primordia of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were noticed at the 6th and 10th days of the prehatching respectively as an epithelial bud. After hatching, both primordia were elongated and differentiated into secretory units. These glands were mucous polystomatic tubulo-alveolar paired glands, which were situated in the submucosa of the oropharyngeal floor (sublingual floor and paralingual grooves). The sublingual glands consisted of 3-5 lobes extended from the two Os ceratobranchial by their wide ends caudally, to beyond the median sulcus of the prefrenular part of the sublingual space rostrally. The taste buds were variable in size and position. The mandibular glands lay on the paralingual groove, which arose at the 10-day old embryo. The mandibular glands were located dorsomedial to the sublingual glands and extended longitudinally from the rostral border of the frenulum linguae to the caudal tips of the sublingual glands. The taste buds decreased in volume and number with advancing age.

Conclusion: Overall, salivary glands increase in their alcianophilic activity of the secretions with advancing age, which indicates low PH within the secretory end pieces.

背景:自 12 世纪以来,日本鹌鹑(Coturinx coturnix japonica)就在人类生活中扮演着重要角色,并在我们的工业和科学研究中继续发挥着主要作用。日本鹌鹑具有产蛋量大、肉质好、胆固醇和脂肪含量低等优点,而且日本鹌鹑易于管理,饲养转化率高,投资成本低,回报率高。唾液腺是舌器的一部分,能分泌浆液性和粘液性唾液。唾液分泌物对食物的变化、理解和食物栓的湿度有不同的作用。对孵化第 6、10、11 和 13 天的 20 只健康日本鹌鹑胚胎以及孵化第 7、14、30 和 60 天的 25 只健康雏鹑进行了形态学和细胞化学分析。对这些样本进行组织学、组织化学和电子显微镜连续扫描。我们的研究目的是突出口咽唾液腺的区域及其在食物变化中的作用,因为有关日本鹌鹑口咽唾液腺的研究很少:结果:舌下唾液腺和下颌唾液腺的原基分别在孵化前的第 6 天和第 10 天以上皮芽的形式出现。孵化后,这两个腺体的原基伸长并分化成分泌单位。这些腺体为粘液性多腺管泡成对腺体,位于口咽底粘膜下(舌下底和舌旁沟)。舌下腺由 3-5 个叶片组成,从尾侧的两个Os ceratobranchial的宽端延伸至喙侧舌下腺间隙前腱膜部分的正中沟之外。味蕾的大小和位置各不相同。下颌腺位于副舌沟上,副舌沟在胚胎 10 天大时出现。下颌腺位于舌下腺的背内侧,纵向从舌蹼的喙侧边界延伸至舌下腺的尾端。味蕾的体积和数量随着年龄的增长而减少:总的来说,唾液腺分泌物的嗜铝活性会随着年龄的增长而增加,这表明分泌末端的PH值较低。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical castration in dogs using calcium chloride: effects on testicular hemodynamics and semen characteristic and serum levels of testosterone. 使用氯化钙对狗进行化学阉割:对睾丸血液动力学、精液特征和血清中睾酮水平的影响。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04353-9
Alaa Mohamed, Mohamed Fathi, K H El-Shahat, Ashraf A Shamaa, Mohamed M Bahr, Mohamed A El-Saied

Dog overpopulation and stray dogs are global issues that are detrimental to public health and animal welfare. Thus, the goal of the current study was to provide alternatives for surgical castration. Therefore, calcium chloride was employed in this study, which might be an option for castration. Ten dogs were divided into two groups of five: a calcium chloride-treated group and a control group. The treated group received a single bilateral intratesticular injection of 1 ml of sterile saline containing calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2•2 H2O) at a dose of 20 mg/kg per testicle. While the control group was treated with 1 ml of sterile saline solution, Semen and blood collection, as well as Doppler ultrasonography, were routinely carried out every week on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 in order to evaluate the impact of the injection on semen parameters and testicular blood flow. The testicular volume and echogenicity in the CaCl2-treated group were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in weeks 2 through 4 than in the control group. Furthermore, in canine semen, CaCl2 dramatically decreased the amount, motility, and viability of sperm. When compared to vehicle-control animals, azoospermia was seen 2 weeks after the injection and persisted for the end of the study. The testes of all dogs were surgically removed at 30 days post-injection, and testes were put in 10% neutral buffered formalin for tissue processing. When compared to the control group, the average weight of testes in the chemical groups was dramatically reduced. Significant decreases in spermatogenic processes, necrosis, and degeneration of seminiferous tubules packed with necrotic debris, and fibrosed interstitial tissue, necrosed and calcified Sertoli, and Leydig cells were seen 30 days after CaCl2 injection. There was a significant decrease in testosterone levels compared to day 0 before CaCl2 injection and the control group. From weeks 1 through 4, there was a substantial decrease in both peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) values (P < 0.001) following a single intratesticular injection of CaCl2. The resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) showed the opposite tendency. Based on the histopathological and semen evaluations in this investigation, the study concludes that a single intratesticular injection of CaCl2 appears to be a practical and generally applicable approach for chemical sterilization of dogs.

狗的过度繁殖和流浪狗是一个全球性问题,对公共卫生和动物福利有害无益。因此,本研究的目标是提供手术阉割的替代方法。因此,本研究采用了氯化钙,它可能是阉割的一种选择。十只狗被分为两组,每组五只:氯化钙治疗组和对照组。治疗组双侧睾丸内注射 1 毫升含有二水氯化钙(CaCl2-2 H2O)的无菌生理盐水,剂量为每个睾丸 20 毫克/千克。为了评估注射对精液参数和睾丸血流的影响,每周在第 0、7、14、21 和 28 天进行精液和血液采集以及多普勒超声检查。CaCl2处理组的睾丸体积和回声显著(P
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引用次数: 0
Rapid detection of zoonotic Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and 14 by enzyme-activated probe fluorescence quantitative PCR method. 用酶激活探针荧光定量 PCR 法快速检测人畜共患的猪链球菌血清 2 型和 14 型。
IF 4.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04361-9
Yaxing Su, Jiajia Meng, Mingwei Zhao, Chunling Li, Shaolun Zhai, Yan Li, Pinpin Chu, Zhibiao Bian, Kunli Zhang, Dongxia Yang, Zhiyong Jiang, Hongchao Gou, Chenggang Xu

Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 are the most common zoonotic strains, but previous identification methods made distinguish these two serotypes from other S. suis serotypes difficult. To effectively prevent and control them, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive and specific method to identify these two serotypes. In this study, a fluorescent probe was designed for the single nucleotide polymorphism site at cpsK 483 of Streptococcus suis type 2 and type 14 compared with other serotypes, and an enzyme-activated probe quantitative PCR (EA-probe qPCR) method was established for the detection of Streptococcus suis type 2 and type 14 by combining with the specific hydrolysis characteristics of the RNase H2 enzyme. The results showed that the optimal probe concentration for this method was 0.5 µM and the optimal RNase H2 enzyme concentration was 25 mU.This method showed no reactivity with genomic DNA from Streptococcus suis strains 1/2, 5, 7, 9, 23, 28, 29, and 31, confirming its high specificity. And its sensitivity can reach 18.4 CFU. In addition, 19 clinical strains of Streptococcus suis type 2 or type 1/2 were tested. The results showed 100% agreement with the gene sequencing method. In conclusion, this method can meet the needs of accurate laboratory testing of Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 and has value for clinical prevention.

猪链球菌血清型 2 和 14 是最常见的人畜共患菌株,但以往的鉴定方法很难将这两种血清型与其他猪链球菌血清型区分开来。为了有效预防和控制猪链球菌感染,迫切需要一种高灵敏度和特异性的方法来识别这两种血清型。本研究针对猪链球菌 2 型和 14 型 cpsK 483 的单核苷酸多态性位点设计了一种荧光探针,并结合 RNase H2 酶的特异性水解特性,建立了检测猪链球菌 2 型和 14 型的酶活探针定量 PCR(EA-probe qPCR)方法。结果表明,该方法的最佳探针浓度为0.5 µM,最佳RNase H2酶浓度为25 mU。该方法与猪链球菌1/2、5、7、9、23、28、29和31株的基因组DNA无反应,证实了其高度的特异性。其灵敏度可达 18.4 CFU。此外,还检测了 19 株 2 型或 1/2 型猪链球菌的临床菌株。结果显示,与基因测序法的吻合率为 100%。总之,该方法可满足猪链球菌血清型 2 和 14 的准确实验室检测需要,具有临床预防价值。
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引用次数: 0
Urethral obstruction in a ram with a periurethral abscess: clinical findings, diagnostic imaging and pathology. 患有尿道周围脓肿的公羊尿道梗阻:临床发现、影像诊断和病理学。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04363-7
Mathilde Laetitia Pas, Laurens Chantillon, Justine Clinquart, Raphaela Hiltrop, Louis Vandekerckhove, Bart Pardon, Jan Govaere, Maya Meesters

Background: Urethral obstruction is a common and life-threatening condition in male small ruminants.

Case presentation: This case report describes a 3-year old 103 kg Zwartbles breeding ram, presented with the complaint of straining, suspected to have an urethral obstruction. The work-up included clinical examination, laboratory analyses, ultrasound imaging, (contrast) radiography and urine examination. At presentation, blood analysis revealed a respiratory alkalosis, hyperkalaemia and mild azotaemia. On transabdominal ultrasound an enlarged bladder (diameter 11 cm) and free fluid surrounding the right kidney were observed. Treatment of the animal included tube cystostomy, intravenous perfusion, antimicrobial treatment, ammonium chloride and NSAIDs. No indications for urolithiasis were found on ultrasound, radiography, or urine examination. As no improvement was seen despite 16 days of therapy, a contrast radiograph of the urinary tract, as well as reproductive exam were conducted. Positive anterograde urethrogram showed a contrast filled cavitary lesion at the caudal aspect of the pelvic urethra. The reproductive ultrasonography revealed the same large urethral distention or abscess compressing the pelvic urethra, as well as severe testicular degeneration in both testis. The results of the contrast radiograph and the reproductive exam lead to the decision to euthanize the animal, as the animal would not be capable of breeding. Computed tomography was performed post-mortem, which showed close relation between the cavitary lesion and the left bulbourethral gland. Pathology revealed a lymphoplasmacytic to suppurative infection at the level of the urogenital tract, chronic interstitial nephritis and a perirenal to cortical abscess of the right kidney as well as a periurethral abscess. As for the reproductive system, multifocal interstitial inflammatory infiltrates were seen on the entire system. Marked fibrosis and atrophy was seen at the level of the testes and both epididymides.

Conclusions: A periurethral abscess should be included in the differential diagnosis for an urethral obstruction in small ruminants. The extensive medical imaging, together with the ante-mortem and post-mortem findings, makes this a good reference case for diagnosticians confronted with urethral problems in a ram.

背景:尿道阻塞是雄性小型反刍动物常见的一种危及生命的疾病:本病例报告描述的是一只 3 岁、体重 103 千克的 Zwartbles 种公羊,主诉拉稀,疑似尿道阻塞。检查包括临床检查、实验室分析、超声波成像、(对比)射线照相和尿液检查。就诊时,血液分析显示呼吸性碱中毒、高钾血症和轻度氮质血症。经腹超声波检查发现膀胱肿大(直径 11 厘米),右肾周围有游离液体。对该动物的治疗包括膀胱插管术、静脉灌注、抗菌治疗、氯化铵和非甾体抗炎药。超声波检查、放射线检查和尿液检查均未发现尿路结石的迹象。由于治疗了 16 天仍不见好转,于是进行了尿路造影和生殖系统检查。前行尿道造影呈阳性,显示骨盆尿道尾部有一个充满造影剂的腔隙性病变。生殖超声波检查显示,同样的巨大尿道膨胀或脓肿压迫骨盆尿道,以及双侧睾丸严重退化。造影和生殖检查的结果导致决定对该动物实施安乐术,因为该动物无法繁殖。尸体解剖后进行了计算机断层扫描,结果显示腔隙性病变与左侧球部尿道腺体关系密切。病理结果显示,泌尿生殖道有淋巴浆细胞性化脓感染、慢性间质性肾炎、右肾肾周至皮质脓肿以及尿道周围脓肿。至于生殖系统,整个系统都出现了多灶性间质性炎症浸润。睾丸和两个附睾都出现了明显的纤维化和萎缩:结论:小反刍动物尿道梗阻的鉴别诊断应包括尿道周围脓肿。广泛的医学影像检查,加上死前和死后的检查结果,使本病例成为诊断人员在面对公羊尿道问题时的一个很好的参考病例。
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引用次数: 0
Iron deficiency in dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. 患有特应性皮炎的狗缺铁。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04350-y
Carolina Frizzo Ramos, Pavlos G Doulidis, Nina Polakova, Iwan A Burgener, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Giulia Cimarelli, Lucia Panakova, Franziska Roth-Walter

Background: Iron-deficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in non-communicable diseases. However, iron parameters are rarely assessed in dogs. Here, we aimed to assess and correlate iron parameters in dogs suffering from Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) compared to non-atopic, healthy dogs.

Results: For this retrospective study, blood values and sera of 34 dogs with confirmed CAD were compared with 94 healthy non-atopic dogs. In our cohort, dogs with CAD had significantly lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV, ) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) but higher white blood cell counts due to increased levels of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. CAD patients also had elevated total protein and c-reactive protein (CRP), but lower albumin levels compared to our healthy control dogs, indicated low-grade inflammation in the CAD cohort. Spearman correlations associated negatively clinical symptom (CADESI-4/PVAS) with MCV; ceruloplasmin and hepcidin, but positively with serum iron. Only in the CAD-cohort, MCV, CRP and albumin-levels negatively affected serum iron-levels and were positively associated with ceruloplasmin. Linear regression analysis revealed that serum iron-levels in CAD subjects, were positively dependent on hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV) and albumin, and negatively dependent with white blood cells and neutrophils numbers. In contrast, in the healthy cohort, hepcidin was the sole factor associated with serum iron.

Conclusions: A decreased iron status was associated with a higher symptom burden. Iron homeostasis differed markedly in healthy and atopic dermatitis dogs. CAD patients had depleted iron-stores and presented themselves with subclinical inflammation.

背景:缺铁与非传染性疾病的发病率和死亡率增加有关。然而,很少对犬的铁参数进行评估。在此,我们旨在评估犬异位性皮炎(CAD)患者与非异位性皮炎健康犬的铁参数并进行相关比较:在这项回顾性研究中,我们将 34 只确诊为犬特应性皮炎的犬的血液值和血清与 94 只非特应性皮炎的健康犬进行了比较。在我们的队列中,患有 CAD 的狗的平均血球容积(MCV)和平均血球血红蛋白(MCH)明显较低,但由于循环中性粒细胞和单核细胞水平升高,白细胞计数较高。与健康对照犬相比,CAD 患者的总蛋白和 c 反应蛋白 (CRP) 也有所升高,但白蛋白水平较低,这表明 CAD 组群中存在低度炎症。临床症状(CADESI-4/PVAS)与 MCV、ceruloplasmin 和 hepcidin 呈负相关,但与血清铁呈正相关。只有在 CAD 队列中,MCV、CRP 和白蛋白水平对血清铁水平呈负相关,而与脑磷脂蛋白呈正相关。线性回归分析表明,在 CAD 受试者中,血清铁水平与血细胞比容(包装细胞体积,PCV)和白蛋白呈正相关,而与白细胞和中性粒细胞数量呈负相关。相比之下,在健康人群中,血红素是唯一与血清铁相关的因素:结论:铁含量降低与症状加重有关。健康犬和特应性皮炎犬体内的铁平衡存在明显差异。特应性皮炎患者体内的铁储存耗尽,并表现出亚临床炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomics and proteomics insights into hepatic responses of weaned piglets to dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation. 代谢组学和蛋白质组学对断奶仔猪对日粮中添加螺旋藻和溶菌酶的肝脏反应的深入研究。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04339-7
Cátia Falcão Martins, Manolis Matzapetakis, David M Ribeiro, Josipa Kuleš, Anita Horvatić, Nicholas Guillemin, Peter David Eckersall, João P B Freire, André M Almeida, José A M Prates
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studying the effect of dietary Spirulina and lysozyme supplementation on the metabolome and proteome of liver tissue contributes to understanding potential hepatic adaptations of piglets to these novel diets. This study aimed to understand the influence of including 10% Spirulina on the metabolome and proteome of piglet liver tissue. Three groups of 10 post-weaned piglets, housed in pairs, were fed for 28 days with one of three experimental diets: a cereal and soybean meal-based diet (Control), a base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), and an SP diet supplemented with 0.01% lysozyme (SP + L). At the end of the trial, animals were sacrificed and liver tissue was collected. Metabolomics analysis (n = 10) was performed using NMR data analysed with PCA and PLS-DA. Proteomics analysis (n = 5) was conducted using a filter aided sample preparation (FASP) protocol and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative approach with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth performance showed an average daily gain reduction of 9.5% and a feed conversion ratio increase of 10.6% in groups fed Spirulina compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed no significant differences among the groups and identified 60 metabolites in the liver tissue. Proteomics analysis identified 2,560 proteins, with 132, 11, and 52 differentially expressed in the Control vs. SP, Control vs. SP + L and SP vs. SP + L comparisons, respectively. This study demonstrated that Spirulina enhances liver energy conversion efficiency, detoxification and cellular secretion. It improves hepatic metabolic efficiency through alterations in fatty acid oxidation (e.g., upregulation of enzymes like fatty acid synthase and increased acetyl-CoA levels), carbohydrate catabolism (e.g., increased glucose and glucose-6-phosphate), pyruvate metabolism (e.g., higher levels of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), and cellular defence mechanisms (e.g., upregulation of glutathione and metallothionein). Lysozyme supplementation mitigates some adverse effects of Spirulina, bringing physiological responses closer to control levels. This includes fewer differentially expressed proteins and improved dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibility. Lysozyme also enhances coenzyme availability, skeletal myofibril assembly, actin-mediated cell contraction, tissue regeneration and development through mesenchymal migration and nucleic acid synthesis pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While Spirulina inclusion had some adverse effects on growth performance, it also enhanced hepatic metabolic efficiency by improving fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate catabolism and cellular defence mechanisms. The addition of lysozyme further improved these benefits by reducing some of the negative impacts on growth and enhancing nutrient digestibility, tissue regeneration, and overall metabolic balance. Together, Spirulina and lysozyme demonstrate pote
背景:研究日粮中添加螺旋藻和溶菌酶对肝组织代谢组和蛋白质组的影响有助于了解仔猪肝脏对这些新型日粮的潜在适应性。本研究旨在了解添加 10% 螺旋藻对仔猪肝组织代谢组和蛋白质组的影响。三组 10 头断奶后的仔猪成对饲养,用三种试验日粮中的一种饲喂 28 天:以谷物和豆粕为基础的日粮(对照组)、添加 10% 螺旋藻的基础日粮(SP)和添加 0.01% 溶菌酶的 SP 日粮(SP + L)。试验结束后,动物被处死并收集肝脏组织。利用 PCA 和 PLS-DA 分析的 NMR 数据进行代谢组学分析(n = 10)。蛋白质组学分析(n = 5)采用过滤辅助样品制备(FASP)方案和基于串联质谱标签(TMT)的定量方法,使用 Orbitrap 质谱仪进行:生长性能显示,与对照组相比,饲喂螺旋藻组的平均日增重降低了 9.5%,饲料转化率提高了 10.6%。代谢组学分析表明,各组之间没有显著差异,肝脏组织中发现了 60 种代谢物。蛋白质组学分析确定了 2,560 种蛋白质,在对照组与 SP 组、对照组与 SP + L 组和 SP 组与 SP + L 组的比较中,分别有 132、11 和 52 种蛋白质表达不同。这项研究表明,螺旋藻能提高肝脏的能量转换效率、解毒能力和细胞分泌能力。螺旋藻通过改变脂肪酸氧化(如脂肪酸合成酶等酶的上调和乙酰-CoA水平的增加)、碳水化合物分解(如葡萄糖和葡萄糖-6-磷酸水平的增加)来提高肝脏代谢效率、丙酮酸代谢(如丙酮酸和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶水平升高)和细胞防御机制(如谷胱甘肽和金属硫蛋白水平升高)。补充溶菌酶可减轻螺旋藻的一些不利影响,使生理反应更接近控制水平。这包括减少差异表达蛋白,提高干物质、有机物和能量的消化率。溶菌酶还能通过间质迁移和核酸合成途径,提高辅酶可用性、骨骼肌纤维组装、肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩、组织再生和发育:虽然螺旋藻对生长性能有一些不利影响,但它也通过改善脂肪酸氧化、碳水化合物分解和细胞防御机制提高了肝脏代谢效率。溶菌酶的添加进一步改善了这些益处,减少了对生长的一些负面影响,提高了营养消化率、组织再生和整体代谢平衡。螺旋藻和溶菌酶共同展示了作为功能性膳食成分的潜力,但还需要进一步优化,才能在不影响生长性能的前提下充分发挥它们的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Autologous platelet-rich fibrin enhances skin wound healing in a feline trauma model. 自体富血小板纤维蛋白可促进猫科动物创伤模型的皮肤伤口愈合。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04358-4
Shuai Zhang, Haoyang Tan, Xin Cheng, Xinyi Dou, Hao Fang, Cuihong Zhang, Guiyan Yang, Haotian Yang, Yuan Zhao, Tongtong Feng, Honggang Fan, Wanli Sha

Trauma is a common cause of cutaneous surgical disease with an increased risk of secondary infection in cat clinics. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a platelet and leukocyte concentrate containing multiple cytokines and growth factors, is known to accelerate the healing of wounds. However, how PRF affects wound healing in the cat trauma model has not been fully investigated. The study aimed to examine the impact of PRF on skin wound healing in the cat trauma model. In this study, PRF from cats was successfully produced for our investigation. The models of feline trauma were effectively established. A total of 18 cats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6): (1) Control group (CON); (2) PRF group; (3) Manuka honey group (MAN, as a positive control). Experiments were performed separately on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Our results showed that PRF was a safe and efficient method of wound healing that did not influence the cat's body temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate (HR). PRF accelerated skin wound healing in the cat trauma model based on the rate and histological observation of wound healing. In addition, PRF promoted the production of growth factors and suppressed inflammation during wound healing. PRF accelerated wound healing by increasing the formation of collagen fibers, as shown by Masson-trichrome staining. The outcomes of the PRF and MAN groups were comparable. In conclusion, PRF improves the healing of skin wounds in cats by boosting the synthesis of growth factors, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the synthesis of collagen fibers.

外伤是皮肤外科疾病的常见原因,在猫科动物诊所中,外伤会增加继发感染的风险。富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)是一种血小板和白细胞浓缩物,含有多种细胞因子和生长因子,可加速伤口愈合。然而,PRF 如何影响猫创伤模型的伤口愈合尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨 PRF 对猫创伤模型中皮肤伤口愈合的影响。在本研究中,我们成功制作了猫的 PRF 用于研究。有效建立了猫创伤模型。总共 18 只猫被随机分为 3 组(n = 6):(1)对照组(CON);(2)PRF 组;(3)麦卢卡蜂蜜组(MAN,作为阳性对照)。实验分别在第 7、14、21 和 28 天进行。结果表明,PRF 是一种安全有效的伤口愈合方法,不会影响猫的体温、呼吸频率和心率(HR)。根据伤口愈合的速度和组织学观察,PRF 加快了猫创伤模型的皮肤伤口愈合。此外,PRF 还能促进伤口愈合过程中生长因子的产生并抑制炎症。Masson-trichrome 染色法显示,PRF 通过增加胶原纤维的形成加速了伤口愈合。PRF 组和 MAN 组的疗效相当。总之,PRF 通过促进生长因子的合成、减少炎症和增强胶原纤维的合成,改善了猫皮肤伤口的愈合。
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引用次数: 0
Descriptive embryological insights of the colorectum of quail embryos with concern to its functional morphology. 对鹌鹑胚胎结肠功能形态的描述性胚胎学研究。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04341-z
Fatma Abdelhakeem, Fatma A Madkour

Background: Quail is an interesting emerging bird species gaining attention in developmental embryology research due to its small size, quick lifespan, and fast growth rate. These characteristics make quail an ideal model for examining the development of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the embryonic development of the colorectum was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of its functions in digestion, absorption, and immunity.

Methodology: The morphological anatomy and microscopical structure of the colorectal wall of 74 embryos were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histologically, the embryos were collected and dissected to extract the intestine. The samples were then fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for a minimum of 24 h, and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffer formalin for semithin processing and scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The wall of the embryonic colorectum on the hatching day consisted of three layers; mucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Mucosa was a simple layer of columnar enterocytes interspersed with goblet cells that appeared as cub-like shaped cells. Additionally, two ganglionic plexuses were also developed in the colorectal wall; Auerbach plexus (among the colorectal tunica muscularis) and Meissner plexus (submucosal plexus).

Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of the quail colorectum at different ages were closely related to its functional features.

背景:鹌鹑是一种有趣的新兴鸟类物种,因其体型小、寿命短、生长速度快而在发育胚胎学研究中备受关注。这些特点使鹌鹑成为研究胃肠道发育的理想模型。因此,我们对结肠直肠的胚胎发育进行了研究,以全面了解其在消化、吸收和免疫方面的功能:使用光镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了 74 个胚胎的结直肠壁的形态解剖和显微结构。在组织学上,收集并解剖胚胎以提取肠道。然后将样本在10%中性缓冲福尔马林中固定至少24小时,再在2.5%戊二醛缓冲福尔马林中进行半切片处理和扫描电子显微镜观察:孵化当天的胚胎大肠壁由三层组成:粘膜、外侧肌层和浆膜。粘膜是一层简单的柱状肠细胞,其中夹杂着呈长方体状的鹅口疮细胞。此外,结直肠壁上还发育有两个神经节丛:奥尔巴赫丛(在结直肠鳞状肌之间)和梅斯纳丛(粘膜下丛):结论:不同年龄段鹌鹑结直肠的形态特征与其功能特征密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Somatic cell count in dairy goats I: association with infectious and non-infectious factors. 奶山羊体细胞数 I:与感染性和非感染性因素的关系。
IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04348-6
Marit Smistad, Ragnhild Aabøe Inglingstad, Liv Sølverød, Siv Skeie, Bjørn Gunnar Hansen

Background: Intramammary infections negatively affect milk quality, animal welfare and productivity in the dairy industry. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most used screening tool to detect subclinical mastitis caused by intramammary infections. In dairy goats, SCC is greatly influenced by non-infectious factors, which complicates the interpretation. The aim of this research paper was to determine the association between SCC, intramammary infections and non-infectious factors including parity, season, lactation stage, and milk yield in dairy goats. In this longitudinal study, 451 goats from four Norwegian dairy goat herds were sampled for bacteriology and SCC up to nine times during two lactations. Factors like parity, milk yield, and stage of lactation were retrieved from the Norwegian goat recording system.

Results: The most prevalent udder pathogen findings were Staphylococcus caprae (6.8%), Staphylococcus warneri (6.3%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%), all of which had a mild but significant impact on SCC. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 3.6% of the udder halves and had a major effect on SCC. Parity, stage of lactation, season, and milk yield significantly influenced SCC.

Conclusions: This study highlights that intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, along with factors such as increasing parity and the seasonal effects of pasturing, significantly influence the SCC. Understanding these key contributors is essential for improving udder health management and improving milk quality in goat milk production.

背景:乳房内感染会对牛奶质量、动物福利和乳业生产率产生负面影响。体细胞计数(SCC)是检测乳房内感染引起的亚临床乳腺炎最常用的筛查工具。在奶山羊中,SCC 受非感染因素的影响很大,这使得解释变得复杂。本研究论文旨在确定奶山羊 SCC、乳房内感染和非感染因素(包括奇数、季节、泌乳阶段和产奶量)之间的关联。在这项纵向研究中,对来自挪威四个奶山羊牧场的451只奶山羊进行了细菌学和SCC采样,在两个泌乳期进行了多达九次采样。从挪威山羊记录系统中检索了诸如胎次、产奶量和泌乳阶段等因素:最常见的乳房病原菌是卡氏葡萄球菌(6.8%)、沃纳里葡萄球菌(6.3%)和表皮葡萄球菌(3.8%),它们对SCC的影响轻微但显著。在 3.6% 的半乳房中检测到金黄色葡萄球菌,对 SCC 有重大影响。胎次、泌乳阶段、季节和产奶量对 SCC 有显著影响:本研究强调,由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的乳房内感染,以及诸如胎次增加和牧场季节性影响等因素,对 SCC 有重大影响。了解这些关键因素对于改善乳房健康管理和提高山羊奶生产中的牛奶质量至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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