Brain and Behavior最新文献_第5页

Neurobiological Insights Into Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies 脑瘫的神经生物学启示：机制与治疗策略综述》。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70065

Izere Salomon

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired mobility and posture caused by brain injury or abnormal development. CP relates to a variety of neurological mechanisms and pathways that impact the type and severity of motor disability, as well as comorbidities. The heterogeneity in clinical phenotype, pathogenesis, and etiology poses significant challenges for effective therapeutic intervention.

Objectives

The review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CP and evaluate current and prospective therapeutic strategies, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions to address the disorder's multifaceted nature.

Methods

A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published in peer-reviewed journals that explore the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical interventions, and therapeutic strategies for CP.

Results

The pathogenesis of CP involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and perinatal factors leading to brain injury. Inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity are critical in CP development. Current therapeutic approaches primarily focus on symptom management through physical and occupational therapy, as well as pharmacological interventions. Emerging therapies, including anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, and neuroprotective and neurotrophic agents, show potential but require further validation. Notably, although steroids provide anti-inflammatory benefits, their use in pediatric patients raises concerns regarding long-term adverse effects such as osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Despite advances in understanding CP's neurobiological underpinnings, effective therapeutic targets remain elusive. A comprehensive approach addressing CP's heterogeneity is essential. Future research should emphasize in-depth evaluations of the efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents, particularly in pediatric populations, to develop targeted and effective treatments for CP.

背景：脑性瘫痪（CP）是一种常见的神经发育障碍疾病，其特征是由于脑损伤或发育异常而导致的行动和姿势障碍。CP 与多种神经机制和途径有关，这些机制和途径会影响运动障碍的类型和严重程度以及合并症。临床表型、发病机制和病因的异质性给有效的治疗干预带来了巨大挑战：综述旨在全面分析 CP 的神经生物学机制，评估当前和未来的治疗策略，强调有必要采取有针对性的干预措施来解决该疾病的多面性：方法：我们进行了全面的文献综述，重点关注发表在同行评审期刊上的研究，这些研究探讨了 CP 的病理生理机制、临床干预措施和治疗策略：结果：CP 的发病机制涉及遗传、环境和围产期因素的复杂相互作用，导致脑损伤。炎症过程、氧化应激和兴奋毒性在 CP 的发展过程中至关重要。目前的治疗方法主要侧重于通过物理和职业疗法以及药物干预来控制症状。包括抗炎剂、抗氧化剂、神经保护剂和神经营养剂在内的新兴疗法显示出潜力，但还需要进一步验证。值得注意的是，尽管类固醇具有抗炎作用，但在儿童患者中使用类固醇会引发骨质疏松症等长期不良反应：尽管对 CP 神经生物学基础的认识取得了进展，但有效的治疗目标仍然难以捉摸。针对 CP 的异质性采取综合方法至关重要。未来的研究应强调对治疗药物的疗效和安全性进行深入评估，尤其是在儿科人群中，以开发针对 CP 的有效治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study of the Causal Association Between Ischemic Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Hydrocephalus 缺血性中风、冠心病和脑积水之间因果关系的双向孟德尔随机研究

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70090

Wencai Wang, Menghao Liu, Zun Wang, Luyao Ma, Yongqiang Zhao, Wei Ye, Xianfeng Li

Background

The association among coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hydrocephalus remains ambiguous.

Objectives

There is a need for a Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the underlying causality between coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hydrocephalus.

Methods

The data source utilized genome-wide association studies, employing a threshold of p < 5 × 10⁻⁸ to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly linked to ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease as instrumental variables (IVs). Five methods—inverse variance weighted (IVW), Mendelian randomization (MR) Egger, Weighted Median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode—utilized the selected IVs to estimate the causality between ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, and hydrocephalus.

Results

The IVW demonstrated that ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease serve as risk factors for hydrocephalus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.650, 95% CI: 1.066–2.554, p = 0.025; OR = 1.307, 95% CI: 1.023–1.668, p = 0.032). Both the MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran's Q test affirmed the relative reliability of the IVW analysis results. However, no evidence of a reverse causation was observed between hydrocephalus and coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke.

Conclusions

Coronary heart disease and Ischemic stroke may increase the risk of hydrocephalus.

背景：冠心病、缺血性脑卒中和脑积水之间的关系仍不明确：冠心病、缺血性中风和脑积水之间的关系仍然模糊不清：有必要进行孟德尔随机研究，以评估冠心病、缺血性中风和脑积水之间的潜在因果关系：数据来源于全基因组关联研究，采用 p -8 的阈值确定与缺血性中风和冠心病密切相关的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量（IV）。五种方法--反方差加权（IVW）、孟德尔随机化（MR）Egger、加权中位数、加权模式和简单模式--利用所选的IV来估计缺血性中风、冠心病和脑积水之间的因果关系：IVW显示缺血性脑卒中和冠心病是脑积水的危险因素（比值比 [OR] = 1.650，95% CI：1.066-2.554，p = 0.025；OR = 1.307，95% CI：1.023-1.668，p = 0.032）。MR-Egger 截距检验和 Cochran's Q 检验都证实了 IVW 分析结果的相对可靠性。但是，没有观察到脑积水与冠心病或缺血性中风之间存在反向因果关系的证据：结论：冠心病和缺血性中风可能会增加脑积水的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Effects of Different Cognitive Tasks on Autonomic Nervous System Responses: Implementation of a High-Precision, Low-Cost Complementary Method 评估不同认知任务对自主神经系统反应的影响：高精度、低成本补充方法的实施。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70089

Nazli Karimi Ahmadi, Sezgi Firat Ozgur, Erhan Kiziltan

Introduction

We developed a low-cost, user-friendly complementary research tool to evaluate autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity at varying levels of cognitive workload. This was achieved using visual stimuli as cognitive tasks, administered through a specially designed computer-based test battery.

Methods

To assess sympathetic stress responses, skin conductance response (SCR) was measured, and electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of cardiac vagal tone. Twenty-five healthy adults participated in the study. SCR and ECG recordings were made during both tonic and phasic phases using a computer-based system designed for visual stimuli. Participants performed a button-pressing task upon seeing the target stimulus, and the relationship between reaction time (RT) and cognitive load was evaluated.

Results

Analysis of the data showed higher skin conductance levels (SCLs) during tasks compared to baseline, indicating successful elicitation of sympathetic responses. RTs differed significantly between simple and cognitive tasks, increasing with mental load. Additionally, significant changes in vagally mediated HRV parameters during tasks compared to baseline highlighted the impact of cognitive load on the parasympathetic branch of the ANS, thereby influencing the brain–heart connection.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the developed research tool can successfully induce cognitive load, significantly affecting SCL, RTs, and HRV. This validates the tool's effectiveness in evaluating ANS responses to cognitive tasks.

介绍：我们开发了一种低成本、用户友好型辅助研究工具，用于评估不同认知工作量水平下的自律神经系统（ANS）活动。该工具使用视觉刺激作为认知任务，通过专门设计的基于计算机的测试套件进行测试：为了评估交感神经压力反应，测量了皮肤电导反应（SCR），并记录了心电图（ECG）以评估心率变异性（HRV），这是心脏迷走神经张力的指标。25 名健康成年人参与了这项研究。SCR 和心电图记录是在强直期和相位期使用专为视觉刺激设计的计算机系统进行的。参与者在看到目标刺激后执行按键任务，并评估反应时间（RT）与认知负荷之间的关系：数据分析显示，与基线相比，任务期间的皮肤电导水平（SCLs）更高，这表明交感反应的成功激发。简单任务和认知任务的反应时间差异很大，随着心理负荷的增加而增加。此外，与基线相比，任务期间由迷走神经介导的心率变异参数发生了显著变化，这突出表明了认知负荷对自律神经系统副交感神经分支的影响，从而影响了大脑与心脏的联系：我们的研究结果表明，所开发的研究工具可以成功诱导认知负荷，对 SCL、RT 和心率变异产生显著影响。这验证了该工具在评估自律神经系统对认知任务反应方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Why Do Some Depressive Patients Have Suicidal Ideation but Others Not? Suicidal Ideation From the Perspective of Affective Neuroscience Personality Traits 为什么有些抑郁症患者有自杀意念，而有些却没有？从情感神经科学的角度看自杀意念人格特质。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70077

Yasemin Hoşgören Alici, Selvi Ceran, Jamal Hasanli, Gonca Asut, Beren Özel, Zehra Ucar Hasanli, Gökçe Saygi, Arda Bağcaz, Emre Misir

Introduction

Although major depression is the disorder most frequently associated with suicidal behavior, it is unclear that major depressive disorder patients may develop suicidal ideation. Basic affective system theory may provide a novel and beneficial viewpoint in this field. The goal of this study was to investigate the basic affective system in relation to suicidal ideation in individuals with depression.

Method

The study population comprised 160 participants who had been formally diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they had suicide ideation (depression with suicide [DS]) (N = 93) or not (depression with no suicidal ideation [DNS]) (N = 67). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) were applied. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 24 and the SPSS macroprocess, which were specifically developed for assessing complex models including serial mediators, were used to analyze the data.

Results

The mean age of all participants was 31.1 ± 11 years, and most of them were female (65%). The DS group had a higher family history of psychiatric medication use and suicidal attempts. In addition, BDI, BHS, and SPS total scores were higher, as well as ANGER subscale scores were higher in the DS group. In mediation analysis, the ANGER subscale significantly predicted the presence of suicide ideation. We observed a direct effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicide ideation as well as an indirect effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicidal ideation via depression severity.

Conclusion

Higher scores on ANGER are associated with suicidal ideation. Neurobiological correlates, including the ANGER system, may be promising in understanding suicidal behaviors.

简介：虽然重度抑郁症是最常与自杀行为相关的疾病，但重度抑郁症患者是否会产生自杀意念尚不清楚。基本情感系统理论可能会为这一领域提供新颖有益的观点。本研究旨在调查基本情感系统与抑郁症患者自杀意念的关系：研究对象包括 160 名被正式诊断为重度抑郁障碍的参与者。根据参与者是否有自杀倾向（有自杀倾向的抑郁症[DS]）（93 人）或无自杀倾向（无自杀倾向的抑郁症[DNS]）（67 人）分为两组。研究采用了贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、自杀可能性量表（SPS）、贝克无望量表（BHS）和情感神经科学人格量表（ANPS）。数据分析采用了统计产品与服务解决方案（SPSS）24 和 SPSS 宏程序，后者是专门为评估包括序列中介在内的复杂模型而开发的：所有参与者的平均年龄为（31.1 ± 11）岁，大多数为女性（65%）。DS组有较高的精神病药物使用和自杀企图的家族史。此外，DS 组的 BDI、BHS 和 SPS 总分更高，ANGER 分量表得分也更高。在中介分析中，ANGER 子量表可显著预测是否存在自杀意念。我们观察到ANGER子量表得分对自杀意念的直接影响，以及ANGER子量表得分通过抑郁严重程度对自杀意念的间接影响：结论：ANGER得分越高，自杀意念越强。包括ANGER系统在内的神经生物学相关因素可能有助于理解自杀行为。

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引用次数: 0

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Blended Scents in Driving Environments From a Neuro-Cognitive Perspective 从神经认知角度研究混合气味在驾驶环境中的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70082

Tan Li, Hua Sun, Mianjie Wang, Weihui Dai, Xuesheng Qian

Background

An effective method that is easy to implement and widely applicable for improving driving performance and reducing driving risks remains a challenge. Although fragrances are widely used in daily driving, there is a gap between empirical research on everyday blended fragrances and functional fragrances clinical reports. In this study, a deliberately chosen blend of scent without overtly stimulating or functional proven evidence was tested for its potential to enhance performance in a driving environment.

Method

Thirty qualified young drivers were recruited to participate in the experiment. They were asked to watch a 15-min first-person perspective driving video to simulate a driving environment and then complete questionnaires and three sets of behavioral experiments while their brain activity was monitored by EEG.

Result

Participants in the scented environment exhibited statistically significant advantages in two cognitive tasks during behavioral measures. These findings were effectively supported by the EEG data, showing that beta waves exhibited more activity in the occipital and prefrontal cortex, enhanced theta waves were observed in the prefrontal cortex, and the TAB index characterizing driving fatigue was suppressed in the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusion

This empirical evidence highlights the potential of pleasant, natural, and blended scents in enhancing driving performance, suggesting that promoting the aromatherapy while driving as an easily applicable approach in daily life seems justified and expands the application of aromatherapy in daily life.

背景：如何找到一种易于实施且广泛适用的有效方法来提高驾驶性能并降低驾驶风险，仍然是一项挑战。虽然香料在日常驾驶中被广泛使用，但日常混合香料的实证研究与功能性香料的临床报告之间存在差距。在这项研究中，我们特意选择了一种没有明显刺激性或功能性证据的混合香味，测试其在驾驶环境中提高驾驶表现的潜力：方法：招募 30 名合格的年轻驾驶员参加实验。实验要求他们观看 15 分钟的第一人称视角驾驶视频，模拟驾驶环境，然后完成问卷调查和三组行为实验，同时通过脑电图监测他们的大脑活动：结果：在行为测量过程中，香味环境中的参与者在两项认知任务中表现出显著的统计学优势。这些发现得到了脑电图数据的有效支持，显示枕叶和前额叶皮层中的β波表现出更多的活动，前额叶皮层中的θ波增强，前额叶皮层中表征驾驶疲劳的TAB指数受到抑制：这些实证证据强调了令人愉悦的天然混合香味在提高驾驶性能方面的潜力，表明将驾驶时的芳香疗法作为日常生活中一种易于应用的方法加以推广似乎是合理的，并扩大了芳香疗法在日常生活中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative Electroencephalography Monitoring in Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery: A Clinical Case Review and Prospective Applications A 型主动脉夹层手术中的定量脑电图监测：临床病例回顾与前瞻性应用。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70086

Ya-Peng Wang, Jason Z. Qu, Dong-Jin Wang

Purpose

This review explores advanced methods for assessing perioperative cerebral function in Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, with a focus on quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). It highlights the critical issue of cerebral malperfusion, which is associated with higher mortality and poor prognosis during the perioperative phase in TAAD patients.

Method

The review centers on the utilization of QEEG as a pivotal tool for the extensive monitoring of brain function at various stages: preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. It elaborates on the foundational principles of QEEG, including the mathematical and computational analysis of electroencephalographic signals, enriched with intuitive graphical representations of cerebral functional states.

Finding

QEEG is presented as an innovative approach for the real-time, noninvasive, and reliable assessment of cerebral function. The review details the application of QEEG in monitoring conditions such as preoperative cerebral malperfusion, intraoperative deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and postoperative recovery of cerebral function in patients undergoing TAAD treatment.

Conclusion

Although QEEG is still in an exploratory phase for TAAD patients, it has shown efficacy in other domains, suggesting its potential in multimodal brain function monitoring. However, its broader application requires further research and technological advancements.

目的：这篇综述探讨了评估 A 型主动脉夹层（TAAD）患者围手术期脑功能的先进方法，重点是定量脑电图（QEEG）。它强调了脑灌注不良这一关键问题，在 TAAD 患者围手术期，脑灌注不良与死亡率升高和预后不良有关：方法：综述的中心是利用 QEEG 作为关键工具，在术前、术中和术后等不同阶段对大脑功能进行广泛监测。文章详细阐述了 QEEG 的基本原理，包括脑电信号的数学和计算分析，以及脑功能状态的直观图形表示：研究结果：QEEG 是一种实时、无创、可靠地评估大脑功能的创新方法。综述详细介绍了 QEEG 在监测术前脑灌注不良、术中深低温循环骤停以及接受 TAAD 治疗的患者术后脑功能恢复等情况中的应用：尽管 QEEG 对于 TAAD 患者仍处于探索阶段，但它已在其他领域显示出疗效，这表明它在多模态脑功能监测方面具有潜力。然而，其更广泛的应用还需要进一步的研究和技术进步。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristic Changes of Prefrontal and Motor Areas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Major Depressive Disorder During a Motor Task of Tai Chi Chuan: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study 太极拳运动任务中 2 型糖尿病和重度抑郁症患者前额叶和运动区的特征性变化：功能性近红外光谱研究》。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70071

Jiaming Zhang, Yuxi Li, Xiaobo Liu, Dongling Zhong, Chen Xue, Jin Fan, Cheng Xie, Juan Li, Rongjiang Jin

Aim

This cross-sectional study aims to identify the characteristic changes of prefrontal and motor areas during a tai chi chuan task in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) using wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

Three parallel groups (T2DM with DD group, T2DM group, and healthy group) were recruited from December 10, 2022, to May 31, 2023. Participants in three groups conducted a motor task of tai chi chuan designed by Eprime 3.0, and fNIRS was used to monitor the brain activation, functional connectivity (FC), and lateralization of prefrontal and motor areas. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the function of prefrontal and motor areas.

Results

Ninety elder adults (aged ≥ 60), including 30 patients with T2DM and MDD, 30 patients with T2DM, and 30 healthy subjects, were enrolled. In contrast with the patients with T2DM and healthy subjects, the patients with T2DM and MDD had decreased activation and abnormal lateralization in prefrontal and motor areas and decreased FC among supplementary motor area, motor area, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, the oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) concentration value of DLPFC in patients with T2DM and MDD was negatively associated with scores of Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24).

Conclusions

Patients with T2DM and MDD had characteristic functional changes in prefrontal and motor areas. DLPFC may be a potential target of diagnosis and intervention for patients with T2DM and MDD.

目的：本横断面研究旨在利用可穿戴功能性近红外光谱仪（fNIRS）确定2型糖尿病（T2DM）和重度抑郁症（MDD）患者在执行太极拳任务时前额叶和运动区的特征性变化：从2022年12月10日至2023年5月31日，招募了三个平行组（T2DM伴DD组、T2DM组和健康组）。三组参与者都进行了由 Eprime 3.0 设计的太极拳运动任务，并使用 fNIRS 监测大脑激活、功能连接（FC）以及前额叶和运动区的侧化。对抑郁症状与前额叶和运动区功能之间的关系进行了相关分析：研究对象为 90 名老年成人（年龄≥ 60 岁），包括 30 名 T2DM 和 MDD 患者、30 名 T2DM 患者和 30 名健康受试者。与T2DM患者和健康受试者相比，T2DM和MDD患者的前额叶和运动区的激活减少且异常侧化，辅助运动区、运动区和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的FC减少。此外，T2DM和MDD患者DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白（HbO2）浓度值与汉密尔顿抑郁量表-24（HAMD-24）的评分呈负相关：结论：T2DM和MDD患者的前额叶和运动区存在特征性功能变化。DLPFC可能是T2DM和MDD患者诊断和干预的潜在目标。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of Heart Rate Variability Psychological Responses and Performance in Virtual and Real Archery 虚拟和真实射箭中心率变异性心理反应和表现的比较。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70070

Nihal Dal, Serdar Tok, İlker Balıkçı, Said Enes Yılmaz, Erdal Binboğa

Background

This study examines the psychophysiological differences between virtual reality (VR) and real archery. It explores whether VR archery induces heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing rates similar to those experienced in real archery. Additionally, the study assesses differences in perceived anxiety, difficulty, confidence, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and shooting performance between the two modalities, providing insights into the efficacy of VR as a training tool for archery.

Methods

Twenty-two (women: 8) individuals aged 20–24 participated in the study. We first recorded individuals’ resting HR, HRV, and breathing rates during baseline. Afterward, participants shot 10 real and virtual arrows from 18 m, whereas their HR, HRV, and breathing rate were measured, each lasting 4 min. Performance in VR and real archery was determined separately as the sum of the shots. We performed paired sample t-tests to compare individuals’ performance, psychological, and psychophysiological responses recorded during VR and real arrow shooting. Afterward, we compared percentage changes between VR and real archery.

Results

Results showed that HR and root mean square of successive differences (RMMSD) were significantly higher during real archery compared to virtual archery. In addition, VR archery led to a greater percentage change in RMSSD compared to real archery. Participants reported greater RPE and perceived difficulty after real archery. Performance was also higher during VR archery than real archery.

Conclusions

Consequently, the results of the present study illustrated that VR, and real archery might lead to different autonomic response patterns in terms of vagal activity.

研究背景本研究探讨了虚拟现实（VR）与真实射箭之间的心理生理差异。它探讨了虚拟现实射箭是否会诱发与真实射箭类似的心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和呼吸频率。此外，该研究还评估了两种模式在感知焦虑、难度、信心、感知消耗率（RPE）和射击成绩方面的差异，从而深入了解 VR 作为射箭训练工具的功效：22 名（女性：8 名）年龄在 20-24 岁之间的人员参与了研究。我们首先记录了参与者的静息心率、心率变异和基线呼吸频率。之后，参与者从 18 米外射出 10 支真实和虚拟箭，同时测量他们的心率、心率变异和呼吸频率，每次持续 4 分钟。VR 射箭和真实射箭的成绩按射箭次数的总和分别计算。我们对 VR 和真实射箭过程中记录的个人表现、心理和心理生理反应进行了配对样本 t 检验。之后，我们比较了 VR 和真实射箭的百分比变化：结果：结果显示，与虚拟射箭相比，真实射箭时的心率和连续差异均方根（RMMSD）明显更高。此外，与真实射箭相比，VR 射箭导致的 RMSSD 百分比变化更大。参与者在真实射箭后报告了更高的 RPE 和感知难度。VR射箭时的表现也高于真实射箭：因此，本研究结果表明，在迷走神经活动方面，VR 射箭和真实射箭可能会导致不同的自律神经反应模式。

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引用次数: 0

Altered Subcortical Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 皮层下脑容量和皮层厚度的改变与 2 型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗有关。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70055

Zidong Cao, Limin Ge, Weiye Lu, Kui Zhao, Yuna Chen, Zhizhong Sun, Wenbin Qiu, Xiaomei Yue, Yifan Li, Shijun Qiu

Purpose

The objective of this study is to examine the alterations in subcortical brain volume and cortical thickness among individuals diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the application of morphometry techniques and, additionally, to investigate the potential association between these modifications and insulin resistance (IR).

Materials and methods

The present cross-sectional study comprised a total of 121 participants (n = 48 with healthy controls [HCs] and n = 73 with T2DM) who were recruited and underwent a battery of cognitive testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FreeSurfer was used to process the MRI data. Analysis of covariance compared discrepancies in cortical thickness and subcortical brain volume between T2DM and HCs, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of gender, age, education, and body mass index (BMI). Exploratory partial correlations investigated links between IR and brain structure in T2DM participants.

Results

Compared with HCs, individuals with T2DM demonstrated a cortical thickness decrease in the right caudal middle frontal gyrus, right pars opercularis, left precentral gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, this study for T2DM found that the severity of IR was inversely related to the volume of the left putamen and left hippocampus, as well as the thickness of the left pars orbitalis, left pericalcarine, right entorhinal area, and right rostral anterior cingulate gyrus.

Conclusion

The evidence for structural brain changes in T2DM was observed, and alterations in cortical thickness were concentrated in the frontal lobes. Correlations between IR and frontal cortical thinning may serve as a potential neuroimaging marker of T2DM and lead to various diabetes-related brain complications.

目的：本研究的目的是通过应用形态计量学技术研究确诊为2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的皮层下脑容量和皮层厚度的变化，并探讨这些变化与胰岛素抵抗（IR）之间的潜在关联：本横断面研究共招募了 121 名参与者（健康对照组 48 人，T2DM 患者 73 人），他们接受了一系列认知测试和结构磁共振成像（MRI）检查。FreeSurfer用于处理核磁共振成像数据。协方差分析比较了 T2DM 和 HC 之间皮层厚度和皮层下脑容量的差异，并对性别、年龄、教育程度和体重指数 (BMI) 的潜在混杂影响进行了调整。探索性偏相关研究调查了T2DM参与者的IR与大脑结构之间的联系：结果：与普通人相比，T2DM 患者右侧额叶中回尾部、右侧厣旁、左侧中央前回和双侧额叶上回的皮质厚度减少。此外，这项针对 T2DM 的研究还发现，IR 的严重程度与左侧丘脑和左侧海马的体积以及左侧眶旁、左侧脐周、右侧内侧区和右侧喙扣带前回的厚度成反比：结论：有证据表明，T2DM患者的大脑结构发生了变化，皮质厚度的改变主要集中在额叶。红外和额叶皮质变薄之间的相关性可作为 T2DM 的潜在神经影像学标志，并导致各种与糖尿病相关的脑部并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Generalized spike–waves in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Does their frequency matter? 特发性全身性癫痫中的全身性尖波：它们的频率重要吗？

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70023

Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Mohsen Farazdaghi

Objectives

We hypothesized that the frequency (in Hertz) of generalized spike–waves (GSWs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has associations with the syndromic diagnosis as well as with the prognosis of patients (their response to medical treatment).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of a prospectively developed database. All patients with a diagnosis of IGE were studied at the epilepsy center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2008 until 2022. Patients were classified into four IGE syndromes: childhood absence epilepsy; juvenile absence epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; and generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone.

Results

Five hundred and eighty-three patients were studied. GSWs were commonly observed in all four syndromes of IGE. Frequency of GSW (in Hertz) did not have a significant association with the syndromic diagnosis of the patients (p = .179). The presence of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome (becoming seizure free or not) of the patients (p = .416). Frequency of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome of the patients either (p = .574).

Conclusion

GSWs are the hallmark electroencephalographic footprints of idiopathic generalized epilepsies; however, neither their presence nor their frequency has practical associations with the syndromic diagnosis of IGEs or their outcome (response to treatment).

研究目的我们假设特发性全身性癫痫（IGE）患者全身性棘波（GSW）的频率（赫兹）与综合征诊断以及患者的预后（对药物治疗的反应）有关：这是一项对前瞻性数据库的回顾性研究。从 2008 年到 2022 年，伊朗设拉子市设拉子医科大学癫痫中心对所有确诊为 IGE 的患者进行了研究。患者被分为四种IGE综合征：儿童失神癫痫、青少年失神癫痫、青少年肌阵挛性癫痫和单纯全身强直阵挛发作：研究了583名患者。在所有四种 IGE 综合征中均可观察到 GSW。GSW的频率（赫兹）与患者的综合征诊断无明显关联（p = .179）。GSW的存在与患者的癫痫发作结果（是否不再发作）无明显关联（p = .416）。GSW的频率与患者的癫痫发作结果也无明显关系（p = .574）：结论：GSW 是特发性广泛性癫痫的标志性脑电图足迹；然而，GSW 的存在或频率与 IGEs 的综合征诊断或其结果（对治疗的反应）均无实际联系。

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引用次数: 0