Brain and Behavior最新文献_第5页

Night Eating Syndrome Among University Students in Bangladesh: Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Factors 孟加拉国大学生夜食综合症：调查患病率及相关因素

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70118

Sumaia Sahrin, Md. Hasan Al Banna, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Newton I. Gbordzoe, Tasnim Rahman Disu, Shammy Akter, Humayra Alam Mouly, M. M. Mehedi Hasan, Keith Brazendale

Objective

Night eating syndrome (NES) has been associated with psychological issues and academic performance among university students in several countries, yet research on NES in Bangladesh remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with NES among university students in the country.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 500 students from five public universities in Bangladesh. A validated 14-item night eating questionnaire was used to assess NES as the outcome variable. Demographic factors, depressive symptoms measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and internet addiction levels measured via Orman's Internet Addiction Survey (OIAS) were explored as predictor variables. A multiple binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the correlation of NES and its associated factors, with results presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and level of significance set at p values < 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of NES among participants was 16.6% (mean age = 21.6 years, 53.6% male). Adjusted binary logistic regression revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.09–3.74, p = 0.024), smoking (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02–4.44, p = 0.044), depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.26–3.72, p = 0.005), and severe internet addiction (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.28–5.62, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing NES.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the need for heightened healthy eating awareness programs along with targeted mental health interventions with students attending Bangladeshi universities. Further research that explores longitudinal patterns of NES and the risk factors addressed in this study is warranted to better understand and inform the development of future interventions to benefit the Bangladeshi university student population.

目的：在一些国家，夜食综合征（NES）与大学生的心理问题和学习成绩有关，但孟加拉国对 NES 的研究仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在探讨夜食综合征在孟加拉国大学生中的发病率及其相关因素：这项横断面研究包括来自孟加拉国五所公立大学的 500 名学生。研究采用了经过验证的 14 项夜间进食调查问卷来评估作为结果变量的夜间进食。人口统计学因素、通过患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）测量的抑郁症状以及通过奥曼网络成瘾调查（OIAS）测量的网络成瘾水平作为预测变量进行了探讨。为确定 NES 与相关因素的相关性，我们拟合了一个多元二元逻辑回归模型，结果以调整后的几率比（AOR）表示，显著性水平设定为 p 值：参与者的 NES 患病率为 16.6%（平均年龄 = 21.6 岁，53.6% 为男性）。调整后的二元逻辑回归显示，男性参与者（AOR = 2.03，95% CI = 1.09-3.74，p = 0.024）、吸烟（AOR = 1.92，95% CI = 1.02-4.44，p = 0.044）、抑郁症状（AOR = 2.17，95% CI = 1.26-3.72，p = 0.005）和严重网络成瘾（AOR = 2.69，95% CI = 1.28-5.62，p = 0.009）与经历 NES 的几率增加显著相关：这些研究结果表明，有必要加强健康饮食意识计划，并对孟加拉国大学的学生进行有针对性的心理健康干预。为了更好地了解并指导未来干预措施的制定，以造福孟加拉国大学生群体，有必要进一步研究 NES 的纵向模式以及本研究中涉及的风险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective Role of AQP4 Knockdown in Astrocytes After Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation 星形胶质细胞缺氧后 AQP4 基因敲除的神经保护作用

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70107

Xin Xing, Shuyan Zhang

Background

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), predominantly expressed in astrocytes, has been implicated in the development of brain edema following ischemic events. However, its role in post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood.

Methods

Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, we assessed AQP4's role in post-stroke inflammation. Brain tissue slices from male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry and western blot post-MCAO. Additionally, primary astrocytes were isolated for quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AQP4. AQP4 modulation was achieved using viral knockdown and overexpression methods. Neuronal damage was assessed using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests in co-culture studies.

Results

MCAO mice exhibited a significant upregulation in GFAP. This reactive astrogliosis corresponded with an elevation in inflammatory markers. AQP4 expression responded to this inflammatory trend, peaking at 6 h after OGD and returning to baseline levels at 24 and 48 h. Co-culture experiments revealed that AQP4(+) astrocytes exacerbated injury in OGD-treated neurons, as evidenced by increased TUNEL positivity and apoptotic events. Conversely, AQP4(−) astrocytes appeared to have a protective effect. Knockdown of AQP4 resulted in reduced post-OGD inflammatory response, whereas AQP4 overexpression intensified the injury to neurons post-OGD. In vivo experiments also confirmed that AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020 reduced and overexpression of AQP4 increased behavioral abnormalities and brain infarcts.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore AQP4's pivotal role in modulating post-stroke neuroinflammation. Targeting AQP4 may present a novel therapeutic avenue for mitigating ischemia-induced neuronal damage.

背景：Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)主要在星形胶质细胞中表达，与缺血性事件后脑水肿的发生有关。然而，它在中风后神经炎症中的作用还不完全清楚：方法：我们利用大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）小鼠模型评估了 AQP4 在中风后炎症中的作用。对雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠在 MCAO 后的脑组织切片进行免疫组化和免疫印迹。此外，还分离了原代星形胶质细胞进行定量实时 PCR 和免疫荧光检测，以评估炎症标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和 AQP4 的表达。AQP4 的调节是通过病毒敲除和过表达的方法实现的。在共培养研究中，使用流式细胞术和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 dUTP 缺口标记（TUNEL）测试评估神经元损伤：结果：MCAO 小鼠的 GFAP 明显上调。这种反应性星形胶质细胞增生与炎症标志物的升高相对应。共培养实验显示，AQP4（+）星形胶质细胞加重了经 OGD 处理的神经元的损伤，表现为 TUNEL 阳性和凋亡事件增加。相反，AQP4（-）星形胶质细胞似乎具有保护作用。敲除 AQP4 可减少脑组织损伤后的炎症反应，而 AQP4 的过表达则会加剧脑组织损伤后对神经元的伤害。体内实验也证实，AQP4抑制剂TGN-020可减少AQP4的表达，而过表达AQP4则会增加行为异常和脑梗塞：我们的研究结果强调了AQP4在中风后神经炎症调节中的关键作用。结论：我们的研究结果表明，AQP4 在中风后神经炎症的调控中起着关键作用。以 AQP4 为靶点可能是减轻缺血引起的神经元损伤的一种新的治疗途径。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting Swallowing Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients via Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Videofluoroscopy 通过视频荧光镜的时空参数预测亚急性脑卒中患者的吞咽功能恢复情况

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70104

Lian Wang, Zhenhai Wei, Wei Xin, Zulin Dou

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the temporal and spatial parameters of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) that could predict the recovery of swallowing function in subacute stroke patients.

Methods

We included 102 patients who were admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine between 2019 and 2022. Patients were classified into good and poor prognosis groups according to whether they had restored prestroke swallowing function or were able to consume sufficient nutrition via oral feeding to meet their body's needs. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the predictors. Calibration and discrimination were tested using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and area under the curve (AUC), respectively.

Results

Of the 102 included patients, 51 had a good prognosis for swallowing function within 6 months of onset. The final multivariate regression model included three significant factors: laryngeal closure duration (LCD) (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996–0.999; p < 0.05), maximum width of the upper esophageal sphincter opening (MWUESO) (OR: 1.251; 95% CI: 1.073–1.458; p < 0.05), and pharyngeal residual grade (PRG) (p < 0.05). The shorter LCD and larger MWUESO were positive predictors of good swallowing function outcomes, while higher PRG was a negative predictor of good outcomes. The AUC for PRG, MWUESO, and LCD were 0.767 (p < 0.05), 0.738 (p < 0.05), and 0.681 (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion

Identifying prognostic factors for the recovery of swallowing function in patients with poststroke dysphagia is essential for developing treatment strategies. The findings of this study may provide an important reference for developing appropriate therapeutic interventions to promote the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients.

目的：本研究旨在确定可预测亚急性脑卒中患者吞咽功能恢复的视频荧光屏吞咽研究（VFSS）的时间和空间参数：我们纳入了2019年至2022年期间康复医学科收治的102名患者。根据患者是否恢复了卒中前的吞咽功能或能否通过口服摄入足够的营养来满足身体需要，将患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组。采用单变量和多变量回归分析来确定预测因素。分别使用 Hosmer-Lemeshow 检验和曲线下面积 (AUC) 检验校准和区分度：结果：在纳入的 102 名患者中，51 人在发病后 6 个月内吞咽功能预后良好。最终的多变量回归模型包括三个重要因素：喉闭合持续时间（LCD）（OR：0.998；95% CI：0.996-0.999；P < 0.05）、食管上括约肌开口最大宽度（MWUESO）（OR：1.251；95% CI：1.073-1.458；P < 0.05）和咽残留等级（PRG）（P < 0.05）。较短的 LCD 和较大的 MWUESO 是良好吞咽功能结果的积极预测因子，而较高的 PRG 则是良好结果的消极预测因子。PRG、MWUESO和LCD的AUC分别为0.767（p < 0.05）、0.738（p < 0.05）和0.681（p < 0.05）：确定卒中后吞咽困难患者吞咽功能恢复的预后因素对于制定治疗策略至关重要。本研究的结果可为制定适当的治疗干预措施以促进脑卒中患者吞咽功能的恢复提供重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Amyloid-β Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease: A Head-to-Head Meta-Analysis 淀粉样蛋白-β 正电子发射断层扫描与磁共振成像在阿尔茨海默病中的诊断性能比较：头对头 Meta 分析。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70111

Fang Li, Jiang Cheng, Kaihui Jin, Li Zhao, Junyong Li, Jia Wu, Xiaolu Ren

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative diagnostic performance of amyloid-β positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

An extensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify available publications up to December 2023. Head-to-head comparative studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic performance of Aβ PET and MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird method, followed by transformation via the Freeman–Tukey double inverse sine transformation.

Results

Six articles involving 560 patients were included in the meta-analysis. When distinguishing AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both methods showed comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.71, MRI: 0.62) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.68, MRI: 0.69), with no statistically significant differences observed (p = 0.34 and 0.99). When identifying AD from normal cognitive control (NC), both Aβ PET and MRI showed similar results, with comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.93, MRI: 0.85) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.95, MRI: 0.82), without significant differences (p = 0.38 and 0.19). Similarly, in detecting MCI from NC, both Aβ PET and MRI demonstrated similar sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.69, MRI: 0.64) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.75, MRI: 0.76) without significant differences (p = 0.40 and 0.94). However, 18F-FMM seems to have a higher specificity compared to MRI when distinguishing AD from MCI (P = 0.03) and AD from NC (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis indicates that Aβ PET demonstrates similar sensitivity and specificity to MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited number of studies may impact the evidence of the current study; further larger sample prospective research is required to confirm these findings.

目的这项荟萃分析旨在评估淀粉样蛋白-β正电子发射断层扫描（Aβ PET）和磁共振成像（MRI）在诊断阿尔茨海默病（AD）方面的诊断性能比较：在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中进行了广泛检索，以确定截至 2023 年 12 月的可用出版物。如果头对头比较研究评估了 Aβ PET 和 MRI 在诊断阿尔茨海默病方面的诊断性能，则将其纳入研究范围。采用 DerSimonian 和 Laird 方法评估敏感性和特异性，然后通过 Freeman-Tukey 双反正弦变换进行转换：荟萃分析共纳入了六篇文章，涉及 560 名患者。在区分注意力缺失症和轻度认知障碍（MCI）时，两种方法的灵敏度（Aβ PET：0.71，MRI：0.62）和特异性（Aβ PET：0.68，MRI：0.69）相当，没有观察到显著的统计学差异（p = 0.34 和 0.99）。在从正常认知控制（NC）中识别AD时，Aβ PET和MRI显示出相似的结果，灵敏度（Aβ PET：0.93，MRI：0.85）和特异性（Aβ PET：0.95，MRI：0.82）相当，无显著差异（p = 0.38和0.19）。同样，在从 NC 中检测 MCI 时，Aβ PET 和 MRI 都表现出相似的敏感性（Aβ PET：0.69，MRI：0.64）和特异性（Aβ PET：0.75，MRI：0.76），无显著差异（p = 0.40 和 0.94）。然而，在区分AD与MCI（P = 0.03）和AD与NC（P = 0.04）时，18F-FMM似乎比MRI具有更高的特异性：我们的荟萃分析表明，在诊断阿尔茨海默病方面，Aβ PET 与 MRI 具有相似的敏感性和特异性。然而，有限的研究数量可能会影响当前研究的证据；需要进一步的大样本前瞻性研究来证实这些发现。

{"title":"Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Amyloid-β Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease: A Head-to-Head Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fang Li, Jiang Cheng, Kaihui Jin, Li Zhao, Junyong Li, Jia Wu, Xiaolu Ren","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative diagnostic performance of amyloid-β positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An extensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify available publications up to December 2023. Head-to-head comparative studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic performance of Aβ PET and MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird method, followed by transformation via the Freeman–Tukey double inverse sine transformation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six articles involving 560 patients were included in the meta-analysis. When distinguishing AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both methods showed comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.71, MRI: 0.62) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.68, MRI: 0.69), with no statistically significant differences observed (<i>p</i> = 0.34 and 0.99). When identifying AD from normal cognitive control (NC), both Aβ PET and MRI showed similar results, with comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.93, MRI: 0.85) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.95, MRI: 0.82), without significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.38 and 0.19). Similarly, in detecting MCI from NC, both Aβ PET and MRI demonstrated similar sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.69, MRI: 0.64) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.75, MRI: 0.76) without significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.40 and 0.94). However, 18F-FMM seems to have a higher specificity compared to MRI when distinguishing AD from MCI (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and AD from NC (<i>p</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our meta-analysis indicates that Aβ PET demonstrates similar sensitivity and specificity to MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited number of studies may impact the evidence of the current study; further larger sample prospective research is required to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron Deposition and Functional Connectivity Differences in Females With Migraine Without Aura: A Comparative Study of Headache Sides 无先兆偏头痛女性患者的铁沉积和功能连接性差异：头痛两侧的比较研究

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70096

Yan Zhang, Mingxian Bai, Zhenliang Xiong, Qin Zhang, Lihui Wang, Xianchun Zeng

Background

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine without aura (MwoA) in females remain incompletely elucidated. Currently, the association between headache laterality and iron deposition (ID), and functional connectivity (FC) in female MwoA patients has not been fully studied.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 63 female patients with MwoA and 31 matched healthy controls (HC) from the hospital. ID and FC among the four groups were analyzed using two-sample t-tests (with cluster-wise family-wise error [FWE] correction). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between clinical variables and both ID and FC values. Significance level: p < 0.05.

Results

Compared to HC, left-sided MwoA exhibited differences in ID in various brain regions, including the cerebellum, left orbital inferior frontal gyrus, left calcarine gyrus, right putamen, and left caudate nucleus, as well as exhibited enhanced FC between the left lobule III of the cerebellum and the right superior temporal gyrus. Compared to bilateral MwoA, left-sided MwoA showed significantly enhanced in FC values in the left calcarine gyrus, the right precentral gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus, and the right lingual gyrus. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the Pearson correlations between clinical variables and both ID and FC in the female MwoA subgroups.

Conclusion

Our study provided preliminary evidence indicating significant differences in ID, FC, and correlations among subgroups of female MwoA. This provides neuroimaging references for further subclassifying MwoA patients. This offers valuable insights into potential pathophysiological mechanisms linked to the brain functional impairment in female MwoA.

背景：女性无先兆偏头痛（MwoA）的病理生理机制仍未完全阐明。目前，对女性无先兆偏头痛患者的头痛偏侧性与铁沉积（ID）和功能连通性（FC）之间的关系尚未进行充分研究：方法：我们前瞻性地从医院招募了 63 名女性 MwoA 患者和 31 名匹配的健康对照（HC）。采用两样本 t 检验（带聚类家族性误差 [FWE] 校正）分析四组患者的 ID 和 FC。皮尔逊相关分析用于评估临床变量与 ID 和 FC 值之间的关系。显著性水平：P 结果：与 HC 相比，左侧 MwoA 在小脑、左侧眶额下回、左侧钙回、右侧普鲁门和左侧尾状核等多个脑区的 ID 存在差异，左侧小脑第 III 小叶和右侧颞上回之间的 FC 也有所增强。与双侧MwoA相比，左侧MwoA在左侧钙回、右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回和右侧舌回的FC值显著增强。此外，在 MwoA 女性亚组中，临床变量与 ID 和 FC 之间的皮尔逊相关性也存在明显差异：我们的研究提供了初步证据，表明女性 MwoA 亚群在 ID、FC 和相关性方面存在明显差异。这为进一步细分 MwoA 患者提供了神经影像学参考。这为了解与女性 MwoA 脑功能障碍相关的潜在病理生理机制提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Basilar Artery Tortuosity Increases the Risk of Persistent Dizziness and Unsteadiness After Posterior Circulation Infarction 基底动脉迂曲增加后循环梗死后持续头晕和不稳的风险

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70097

Jiashu Li, Xuesong Bai, Gaifen Liu, Zhaoxia Li, Yan Wang, Ruile Fang, Fei Peng, Xuge Chen, Yi Ju, Xingquan Zhao

Background and Purpose

Basilar artery (BA) tortuosity is closely associated with posterior circulation infarction (PCI) and dizziness/unsteadiness. This study aims to determine the relationship between BA tortuosity and the outcome of dizziness and unsteadiness in PCI patients.

Method

This study prospectively recruited PCI patients presenting with dizziness and unsteadiness. BA tortuosity was diagnosed based on Smoker's criteria. The BA tortuosity index (BATI) was measured from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images. Posterior circulation was divided into proximal (medulla oblongata and posterior inferior cerebellar), middle, and distal territories. Symptoms, risk of falls, and quality of life were followed up in 3 months after stroke. Logistic regression was used to identify possible factors associated with the persistence of dizziness and unsteadiness.

Results

Among 182 PCI patients presenting with dizziness and unsteadiness, 97 (53.3%) had BA tortuosity, including 19 (10.4%) with moderate-to-severe BA tortuosity. At the 3-month follow-up, 58 (31.9%) patients continued to experience dizziness and unsteadiness, with significantly decreased quality of life and a high risk of falls. Binary logistic regression analysis identified moderate-to-severe BA tortuosity (OR, 4.474; 95% CI, 1.591–12.579; p = 0.004) and lesions involving the proximal posterior circulation territory (OR, 2.146; 95% CI, 1.097–4.199; p = 0.026) as risk factors for persistent dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI, while thrombolysis (OR, 0.280; 95% CI, 0.079–0.992; p = 0.049) as a protective factor. BATI (OR, 1.072; 95% CI, 1.028–1.119; p = 0.001) was also independently associated with dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI.

Conclusion

Prominent BA tortuosity increases the risk of persistent dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI, leading to a high risk of falls and decreased quality of life. This warrants more attention in clinical practice.

背景和目的：基底动脉（BA）迂曲与后循环梗死（PCI）和头晕/不稳密切相关。本研究旨在确定基底动脉迂曲与 PCI 患者头晕和不稳预后之间的关系：本研究前瞻性地招募了出现头晕和站立不稳的 PCI 患者。根据 Smoker 标准诊断 BA迂曲。根据磁共振血管造影（MRA）图像测量 BA 扭转指数（BATI）。后循环分为近端（延髓和小脑后下部）、中间和远端区域。对中风后 3 个月的症状、跌倒风险和生活质量进行了随访。采用逻辑回归法确定与持续头晕和站立不稳相关的可能因素：结果：在 182 名出现头晕和站立不稳的 PCI 患者中，97 人（53.3%）有动脉导管迂曲，其中 19 人（10.4%）有中度至重度动脉导管迂曲。在 3 个月的随访中，58 例（31.9%）患者仍有头晕和站立不稳的症状，生活质量明显下降，跌倒风险很高。二元逻辑回归分析确定了中重度 BA 扭曲（OR，4.474；95% CI，1.591-12.579；P = 0.004）和涉及近端后循环区域的病变（OR，2.146；95% CI，1.097-4.199；p = 0.026）为PCI后持续头晕和不稳的危险因素，而溶栓（OR，0.280；95% CI，0.079-0.992；p = 0.049）为保护因素。BATI（OR，1.072；95% CI，1.028-1.119；p = 0.001）也与PCI术后头晕和站立不稳独立相关：结论：明显的动脉导管迂曲会增加PCI术后持续头晕和站立不稳的风险，导致高跌倒风险和生活质量下降。这值得在临床实践中给予更多关注。

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引用次数: 0

The Risk of Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis After COVID-19 Omicron Infection COVID-19 Omicron 感染后肌萎缩症恶化的风险

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70074

Nana Zhang, Ziya Wang, Dongren Sun, Hongxi Chen, Hongyu Zhou

Objective

The aim of this study is to ascertain whether COVID-19 Omicron infection is associated with exacerbations in these myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.

Result

In total, 289 MG patients (comprising 60% females, with an average age of 46 ± 15 years) were enrolled. A total of 80.9% of MG patients reported a COVID-19 infection, with the majority experiencing a benign course (88%). MG patients who experienced COVID-19 infection demonstrated a higher likelihood of MG exacerbation, compared to those without the infection (18.8% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.039). In the survival analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for exacerbation post-infection was found to be 3.38 (95% CI 1.20–9.53, p = 0.021). Compared to the exacerbation rates observed in JTA21, an increase was noted in DTM23 among COVID-19-infected MG patients (4.4% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 is the risk of MG exacerbation.

目的本研究旨在确定 COVID-19 Omicron 感染是否与重症肌无力（MG）患者病情加重有关。结果总共有 289 名重症肌无力患者（其中女性占 60%，平均年龄为 46 ± 15 岁）被纳入研究。共有80.9%的MG患者报告感染了COVID-19，其中大多数患者的感染过程为良性（88%）。与未感染 COVID-19 的 MG 患者相比，感染 COVID-19 的 MG 患者病情恶化的可能性更高（18.8% 对 7.3%，P = 0.039）。在生存分析中，对混杂因素进行调整后发现，感染后病情加重的危险比 (HR) 为 3.38（95% CI 1.20-9.53，p = 0.021）。与 JTA21 中观察到的病情恶化率相比，COVID-19 感染的 MG 患者的 DTM23 有所上升（4.4% vs. 17.2%，p < 0.001）。结论 COVID-19 增加了 MG 病情加重的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Mental health and its consequences in people living with HIV: A network approach 艾滋病毒感染者的心理健康及其后果：网络方法

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70021

Elise M. G. Meeder, Louise E. van Eekeren, Marc J. T. Blaauw, Albert L. Groenendijk, Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos, Jan van Lunzen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Quirijn de Mast, Willem L. Blok, Annelies Verbon, Marvin A. H. Berrevoets, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Andre J. A. M. van der Ven, Arnt F. A. Schellekens

Objectives

Psychiatric symptoms occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), which may affect quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data from large cohorts are limited, and symptoms are often analyzed in isolation. Therefore, we applied a network analysis to assess the interrelatedness of mental health indicators in a large cohort of PLWH.

Methods

We included 1615 PLWH on ART. Participants reported on the severity of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, substance use, quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and ART adherence. An Ising network model was constructed to analyze interrelations between mental health indicators and connections with clinical consequences.

Results

Our network analysis revealed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and indicators of impulsivity were interrelated. Substance use was prevalent and strongly connected with sexual risk behavior. Quality of life was most strongly connected with symptoms of depression. Unexpectedly, ART adherence did not display connections with any of the mental health indicators.

Conclusion

In PLWH, the interrelatedness between symptoms of depression and anxiety and indicators of impulsivity is high. Mainly, depressive symptoms seem to impact quality of life, which warrants attention for depression in PLWH. We did not observe evidence for the common assumption that patients suffering from psychiatric symptoms are less adherent to HIV treatment.

目的人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者（PLWH）经常出现精神症状，这些症状可能会影响生活质量、性行为风险和抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的坚持治疗。来自大型队列的数据很有限，而且症状通常是孤立分析的。因此，我们采用了网络分析方法来评估大型队列中 PLWH 心理健康指标的相互关联性。方法我们纳入了 1615 名接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的 PLWH。参与者报告了抑郁、焦虑、冲动、药物使用、生活质量、性风险行为和坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法的严重程度。我们构建了一个 Ising 网络模型来分析心理健康指标之间的相互关系以及与临床后果之间的联系。结果我们的网络分析显示，抑郁症状、焦虑和冲动指标之间存在相互关联。使用药物是普遍现象，并与性危险行为密切相关。生活质量与抑郁症状的关系最为密切。意想不到的是，坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法与任何心理健康指标都没有关联。结论在 PLWH 中，抑郁和焦虑症状与冲动性指标之间的相互关联性很高。抑郁症状似乎主要影响生活质量，因此需要关注 PLWH 的抑郁症状。我们没有观察到证据证明患有精神症状的患者较少坚持艾滋病治疗这一常见假设。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Values Quantification in Deep Gray Matter Structures for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 复发性多发性硬化症深灰质结构的定量易感性图谱数值定量：系统回顾与元分析

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70093

Sana Mohammadi, Sadegh Ghaderi, Farzad Fatehi

Background/Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of magnetic susceptibility (χ) in deep gray matter (DGM) structures, including the putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), caudate nucleus (CN), and thalamus, in the most common types of multiple sclerosis (MS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods

The literature was systematically reviewed up to November 2023, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. This study was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in QSM values between patients with RRMS and healthy controls (HCs). Publication bias and risk of bias were also assessed.

Results

Nine studies involving 1074 RRMS patients with RRMS and 640 HCs were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed significantly higher QSM (χ) values in the PUT (SMD = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22–0.59, p = .000), GP (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50–0.70, p = .00), and CN (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15–0.66, p = .005) of RRMS patients compared to HCs. However, there were no significant differences in the QSM values in the thalamus between patients with RRMS and HCs (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.67–0.01, p = .026). Age- and sex-based subgroup analysis demonstrated that younger patients (< 40 years) in the PUT, GP, and CN groups and larger male populations (> 25%) in the PUT and GP groups had more significant χ. Interestingly, thalamic QSM values were found to decrease in RRMS patients over 40 years of age and in higher male populations. Sex-based subgroup analysis indicated higher iron levels in the PUT and GP of RRMS patients regardless of sex. QSM values were higher in certain brain regions (PUT, GP, and CN) during the early stages (disease duration < 9.6 years) of RRMS, but lower in the thalamus during the later stages (disease duration > 9.6 years) than HCs.

Discussion/Conclusion

QSM may serve as a biomarker for understanding χ value alterations such as iron dysregulation and its contribution to neurodegeneration in RRMS, especially in the basal ganglia nuclei including PUT, GP, and CN.

背景/目的本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在利用磁感应强度定量图谱（QSM）研究深部灰质（DGM）结构中磁感应强度（χ）的作用，这些结构包括最常见类型的多发性硬化症（MS）和复发缓解型多发性硬化症（RRMS）中的普妥门（PUT）、苍白球（GP）、尾状核（CN）和丘脑。方法按照PRISMA指南，系统回顾了截至2023年11月的文献。本研究采用随机效应模型计算 RRMS 患者与健康对照（HCs）之间 QSM 值的标准化平均差（SMD）。同时还评估了发表偏倚和偏倚风险。结果本次荟萃分析共纳入了9项研究，涉及1074名RRMS患者和640名健康对照者。结果显示，与健康人相比，RRMS 患者的 PUT（SMD = 0.40，95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.22-0.59，p = .000）、GP（SMD = 0.60，95% CI = 0.50-0.70，p = .00）和 CN（SMD = 0.40，95% CI = 0.15-0.66，p = .005）的 QSM (χ) 值明显更高。然而，RRMS患者和HC患者丘脑的QSM值没有明显差异（SMD = -0.33，95% CI -0.67-0.01，p = .026）。基于年龄和性别的亚组分析表明，PUT 组、GP 组和 CN 组中较年轻的患者（< 40 岁）以及 PUT 组和 GP 组中较大的男性群体（> 25%）具有更显著的 χ。有趣的是，在年龄超过 40 岁的 RRMS 患者和较高的男性人群中，丘脑 QSM 值下降。基于性别的亚组分析表明，RRMS 患者的 PUT 和 GP 中的铁含量较高，与性别无关。在 RRMS 的早期阶段（病程为 9.6 年），某些脑区（PUT、GP 和 CN）的 QSM 值较高，但在后期阶段（病程为 9.6 年），丘脑的 QSM 值低于 HCs。讨论/结论 QSM可作为一种生物标记物，用于了解RRMS的χ值改变（如铁失调）及其对神经退行性变的贡献，尤其是在基底节核（包括PUT、GP和CN）中。

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引用次数: 0

Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio as an Indicator of Brain Activity Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study 尿白蛋白与肌酐比值作为慢性肾脏病患者大脑活动变化的指标：静息态 fMRI 研究

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70106

Yangjie Yu, Jun-Peng Zhang, Zhen Wang, Juan Li, Xu-Yun Hua, Junjie Pan, Rui Dong

Objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for alterations in brain function. However, detecting early-stage symptoms and structural changes remains challenging, potentially leading to delayed treatment. In our study, we aimed to investigate spontaneous brain activity changes in CKD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Additionally, we explored the correlation between common biomarkers reflecting CKD severity and brain activity.

Methods

We recruited a cohort of 22 non–dialysis-dependent CKD patients and 22 controls for resting-state fMRI scans. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to evaluate brain activity. Regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between biomarkers reflecting the severity of CKD and brain activity.

Results

CKD patients exhibited reduced z-scored ALFF (zALFF) and mean ALFF (mALFF) in the bilateral putamen, right caudate nucleus, left anterior cingulate, and right precuneus. Changes in bilateral putamen were also found in smCohe-ReHo and szCohe-ReHo analyses. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin levels were associated with attenuated putamen activity.

Conclusion

Non–dialysis-dependent CKD patients had changes in zALFF, mALFF, smCohe-ReHo, and szCohe-ReHo values in specific brain regions, especially bilateral putamen. UACR, UPCR, and serum albumin levels are associated with putamen activity attenuation in rs-fMRI.

目的慢性肾脏病（CKD）越来越被认为是导致大脑功能改变的一个危险因素。然而，检测早期症状和结构变化仍具有挑战性，有可能导致治疗延误。在我们的研究中，我们旨在利用静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究 CKD 患者的自发脑活动变化。此外，我们还探讨了反映 CKD 严重程度的常见生物标志物与大脑活动之间的相关性。方法我们招募了 22 名非透析依赖型 CKD 患者和 22 名对照组患者进行静息状态 fMRI 扫描。计算低频波动振幅（ALFFs）和区域同质性（ReHo）以评估大脑活动。进行回归分析以探讨反映 CKD 严重程度的生物标记物与大脑活动之间的相关性。结果 CKD 患者的双侧丘脑、右侧尾状核、左侧扣带回前区和右侧楔前区的 z 值 ALFF（zALFF）和平均 ALFF（mALFF）均有所降低。在 smCohe-ReHo 和 szCohe-ReHo 分析中也发现了双侧普塔门的变化。尿白蛋白-肌酐比值（UACR）、尿蛋白-肌酐比值（UPCR）和血清白蛋白水平与普塔门活动减弱有关。结论非透析依赖型慢性肾脏病患者特定脑区的 zALFF、mALFF、smCohe-ReHo 和 szCohe-ReHo 值发生了变化，尤其是双侧普坦。UACR、UPCR和血清白蛋白水平与rs-fMRI中的推拿活动衰减有关。

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引用次数: 0