Marc Henri N'Guessan, Matea Belan, Christian Roger Clav Kouakou, Maude Laberge, Thomas Gilbert Poder
Purpose
The analysis of care trajectories for chronic diseases has gained increasing importance, particularly for mental health conditions that are often neglected despite their alarming prevalence. This study aimed to identify and describe care trajectories of Quebec adults with self-reported mood disorders.
Method
We used data from the TorSaDE cohort, which links data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) with administrative data from Quebec's health insurance board Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) over a 21-year period (1996–2016). Sequence analysis (SA) was used for 4421 Quebec adults who self-reported mood disorders within a 7-year follow-up period.
Finding
SA revealed three distinct user groups: Low healthcare users (Type 1, n = 2714), moderate users with diverse services (Type 2, n = 1120), and moderate users with high psychiatric service use (Type 3, n = 587). Average healthcare costs over 7 years varied significantly between trajectory types, ranging from $94,434 for low users to $230,899 for moderate users.
Conclusion
Results show that the burden of mood disorders is unevenly distributed across care trajectories: a small vulnerable group accounts for a disproportionate share of specialized healthcare use, while the majority relies only marginally on the public system. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of patients with mood disorders and underscore the need for differentiated, profile-specific approaches to healthcare planning rather than uniform treatment strategies.
{"title":"Care Trajectories of People With Mood Disorders in Quebec Using a Sequence Analysis Method","authors":"Marc Henri N'Guessan, Matea Belan, Christian Roger Clav Kouakou, Maude Laberge, Thomas Gilbert Poder","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71260","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71260","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis of care trajectories for chronic diseases has gained increasing importance, particularly for mental health conditions that are often neglected despite their alarming prevalence. This study aimed to identify and describe care trajectories of Quebec adults with self-reported mood disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the TorSaDE cohort, which links data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) with administrative data from Quebec's health insurance board Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) over a 21-year period (1996–2016). Sequence analysis (SA) was used for 4421 Quebec adults who self-reported mood disorders within a 7-year follow-up period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SA revealed three distinct user groups: Low healthcare users (Type 1, <i>n</i> = 2714), moderate users with diverse services (Type 2, <i>n</i> = 1120), and moderate users with high psychiatric service use (Type 3, <i>n</i> = 587). Average healthcare costs over 7 years varied significantly between trajectory types, ranging from $94,434 for low users to $230,899 for moderate users.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that the burden of mood disorders is unevenly distributed across care trajectories: a small vulnerable group accounts for a disproportionate share of specialized healthcare use, while the majority relies only marginally on the public system. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of patients with mood disorders and underscore the need for differentiated, profile-specific approaches to healthcare planning rather than uniform treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12910116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Vorreuther, Nektaria Tagalidou, Katharina Lingelbach, Armin Hubert, Laura Bareiß, Tanja Nittel, Marc Ristau, Mathias Vukelić
Introduction:
Response inhibition, a core component of executive functioning, has been studied extensively in autism, though results depend substantially on task choice and design. This study investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in behavioral and neurophysiological responses during a visuospatial go/no-go task (GNGT) implemented in virtual reality (VR).
Methods:
Participants (22 autistic, 10 non-autistic) completed a blocked go/no-go task in a VR environment, where stimuli appeared in varied spatial locations. Prefrontal hemodynamic responses were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), along with reaction times (RTs) and error rates.
Results:
Both groups demonstrated slower RTs and fewer errors in no-go blocks compared to go blocks, with no significant group differences in behavioral performance. fNIRS analyses revealed significant right-lateralized increases in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during no-go blocks in non-autistic adults only. Autistic adults showed no significant task-related modulation of prefrontal cortex activity.
Discussion:
While behavioral performance was comparable across groups, only non-autistic participants showed task-related modulation of dlPFC activity. These findings highlight differential neural engagement during inhibition and illustrate the potential of fNIRS paradigms for examining the executive functioning of autistic individuals in VR.
{"title":"Response Inhibition in Autistic Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study in Virtual Reality","authors":"Anna Vorreuther, Nektaria Tagalidou, Katharina Lingelbach, Armin Hubert, Laura Bareiß, Tanja Nittel, Marc Ristau, Mathias Vukelić","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71249","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Response inhibition, a core component of executive functioning, has been studied extensively in autism, though results depend substantially on task choice and design. This study investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in behavioral and neurophysiological responses during a visuospatial go/no-go task (GNGT) implemented in virtual reality (VR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (22 autistic, 10 non-autistic) completed a blocked go/no-go task in a VR environment, where stimuli appeared in varied spatial locations. Prefrontal hemodynamic responses were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), along with reaction times (RTs) and error rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both groups demonstrated slower RTs and fewer errors in no-go blocks compared to go blocks, with no significant group differences in behavioral performance. fNIRS analyses revealed significant right-lateralized increases in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during no-go blocks in non-autistic adults only. Autistic adults showed no significant task-related modulation of prefrontal cortex activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While behavioral performance was comparable across groups, only non-autistic participants showed task-related modulation of dlPFC activity. These findings highlight differential neural engagement during inhibition and illustrate the potential of fNIRS paradigms for examining the executive functioning of autistic individuals in VR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skadi Gerkensmeier, Hannah Keller, Pia Herborn, Renana Storm, Christoph Helmchen, Andreas Sprenger
Background
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) has been classified by the Bárány Society as a chronic functional dizziness disorder with perceived unsteadiness. Symptoms typically worsen by upright posture or exposure to moving visual stimuli or complex visual patterns. The specific visual features remain poorly defined. We investigated how visual, vestibular, and combined visual–vestibular stimulation affects egomotion perception in PPPD patients, comparing responses in upright and supine positions to those of age-matched healthy controls (HC).
Methods
Participants performed a self-rating of perceived egomotion in two sessions with two different body positions: supine and upright standing. During both sessions, participants were exposed to three types of visual stimulation designed to differ by the degree of elicited egomotion: a black-and-white silent movie, a flow field animation, and a rollercoaster video from the driver's perspective. Each visual stimulus was presented in combination with one of three binaural vestibular galvanic stimulation conditions (GVS): no stimulation (noGVS), fixed intensity stimulation (fixGVS: 1.3 mA), or sham (sham: 1.3 mA).
Results
PPPD patients consistently reported stronger egomotion than HC, regardless of the stimulation condition. Both visual and vestibular inputs robustly influenced egomotion perception in standing and supine positions. Egomotion perception of PPPD patients in the standing, compared to the supine position, was larger during rollercoaster stimulation.
Conclusion
Our findings challenge the notion of generalized visual hypersensitivity in PPPD. They rather point to a context-dependent alteration of egomotion perception during upright stance. Differences disappear with concomitant vestibular stimulation supporting the need for vestibular rehabilitation in PPPD.
{"title":"Visual–Vestibular Modification of Egomotion Perception in Patients With Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness in Supine and Standing Positions","authors":"Skadi Gerkensmeier, Hannah Keller, Pia Herborn, Renana Storm, Christoph Helmchen, Andreas Sprenger","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) has been classified by the Bárány Society as a chronic functional dizziness disorder with perceived unsteadiness. Symptoms typically worsen by upright posture or exposure to moving visual stimuli or complex visual patterns. The specific visual features remain poorly defined. We investigated how visual, vestibular, and combined visual–vestibular stimulation affects egomotion perception in PPPD patients, comparing responses in upright and supine positions to those of age-matched healthy controls (HC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants performed a self-rating of perceived egomotion in two sessions with two different body positions: supine and upright standing. During both sessions, participants were exposed to three types of visual stimulation designed to differ by the degree of elicited egomotion: a black-and-white silent movie, a flow field animation, and a rollercoaster video from the driver's perspective. Each visual stimulus was presented in combination with one of three binaural vestibular galvanic stimulation conditions (GVS): no stimulation (noGVS), fixed intensity stimulation (fixGVS: 1.3 mA), or sham (sham: 1.3 mA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PPPD patients consistently reported stronger egomotion than HC, regardless of the stimulation condition. Both visual and vestibular inputs robustly influenced egomotion perception in standing and supine positions. Egomotion perception of PPPD patients in the standing, compared to the supine position, was larger during rollercoaster stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings challenge the notion of generalized visual hypersensitivity in PPPD. They rather point to a context-dependent alteration of egomotion perception during upright stance. Differences disappear with concomitant vestibular stimulation supporting the need for vestibular rehabilitation in PPPD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulce Kirazli, Suheda Baran, Gokce Saygi Uysal, Aykut Ozdogan, Serpil Mungan Durankaya, Mehmet Fatih Ogut
Objective
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the 4-7-8 breathing exercise on tinnitus handicap, psychological factors, and sleep quality.
Methods
The present study employed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. A total of 23 patients with subjective tinnitus in the experimental group and 25 patients with subjective tinnitus in the control group took part in the study. Both groups received 1 hour of informative session on tinnitus, and the experimental group also performed 4-7-8 breathing exercises for 6 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), insomnia severity index (ISI), trait anxiety inventory (TAI), and perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) were applied before and on the day the 6-week program is done or 6 weeks after the informative session is completed.
Results
When the experimental group and the control group were compared after the intervention, a significant decrease was found in all questionnaire and VAS scores of the experimental group. While the questionnaire and VAS scores of the control group after the session did not differ significantly from the baseline scores, all questionnaire scores of the experimental group after the 6-week program showed a significant decrease compared to the pre-application scores.
Conclusions
This exercise technique can be used as a simple, effective, and supportive therapy method in the clinical management of tinnitus patients.
{"title":"The Effect of 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise Technique on Tinnitus Handicap, Psychological Factors, and Sleep Quality in Tinnitus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Gulce Kirazli, Suheda Baran, Gokce Saygi Uysal, Aykut Ozdogan, Serpil Mungan Durankaya, Mehmet Fatih Ogut","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70854","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70854","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the 4-7-8 breathing exercise on tinnitus handicap, psychological factors, and sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study employed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. A total of 23 patients with subjective tinnitus in the experimental group and 25 patients with subjective tinnitus in the control group took part in the study. Both groups received 1 hour of informative session on tinnitus, and the experimental group also performed 4-7-8 breathing exercises for 6 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), insomnia severity index (ISI), trait anxiety inventory (TAI), and perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) were applied before and on the day the 6-week program is done or 6 weeks after the informative session is completed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When the experimental group and the control group were compared after the intervention, a significant decrease was found in all questionnaire and VAS scores of the experimental group. While the questionnaire and VAS scores of the control group after the session did not differ significantly from the baseline scores, all questionnaire scores of the experimental group after the 6-week program showed a significant decrease compared to the pre-application scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exercise technique can be used as a simple, effective, and supportive therapy method in the clinical management of tinnitus patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06360731</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Hodgson, Alastair Jordan, Charikleia Sinani, Divine Charura, Adam Hodgson, Hanna L. Glandorf
Introduction
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a complex interplay of motor and non-motor symptoms. While cross-sectional studies have shown a link between psychological symptoms and self-reported physical function, the longitudinal and directional nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the temporal relationships between psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and physical function (both participant-reported and clinician-rated) in individuals with PD.
Methods
We used a rigorous longitudinal analytical approach, random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM), on data from 1128 individuals with PD from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. We examined directional cross-lagged paths between psychological symptoms (via GDS and STAI) and physical function measures (via MDS-UPDRS Parts II and III).
Results
Our analysis revealed significant bidirectional cross-lagged paths between depressive symptoms and participant-reported physical function. A worsening of depression scores predicted a subsequent decline in participant-reported physical function (via MDS-UPDRS Part II), and vice versa. In contrast, no significant cross-lagged paths were found between psychological symptoms and clinician-rated motor function (via MDS-UPDRS Part III). The analysis also showed a significant unidirectional path from participant-reported function to future clinician-rated function, suggesting that a participant's self-perception of disability may precede objective motor decline.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and an individual's own reporting of their physical function. This emphasizes the important role of patient-reported outcomes as an indicator of PD progression. Therefore, we advocate for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in clinical practice, where mental health screening and support are included in standard PD care.
{"title":"Longitudinal Dynamics of Physical Function With Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of the PPMI Dataset","authors":"Philip Hodgson, Alastair Jordan, Charikleia Sinani, Divine Charura, Adam Hodgson, Hanna L. Glandorf","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71257","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a complex interplay of motor and non-motor symptoms. While cross-sectional studies have shown a link between psychological symptoms and self-reported physical function, the longitudinal and directional nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the temporal relationships between psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and physical function (both participant-reported and clinician-rated) in individuals with PD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a rigorous longitudinal analytical approach, random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM), on data from 1128 individuals with PD from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. We examined directional cross-lagged paths between psychological symptoms (via GDS and STAI) and physical function measures (via MDS-UPDRS Parts II and III).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed significant bidirectional cross-lagged paths between depressive symptoms and participant-reported physical function. A worsening of depression scores predicted a subsequent decline in participant-reported physical function (via MDS-UPDRS Part II), and vice versa. In contrast, no significant cross-lagged paths were found between psychological symptoms and clinician-rated motor function (via MDS-UPDRS Part III). The analysis also showed a significant unidirectional path from participant-reported function to future clinician-rated function, suggesting that a participant's self-perception of disability may precede objective motor decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and an individual's own reporting of their physical function. This emphasizes the important role of patient-reported outcomes as an indicator of PD progression. Therefore, we advocate for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in clinical practice, where mental health screening and support are included in standard PD care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emanuela Pizzolla, Juan Martin Tecco, Moritz Bruno Petzold, Giovanni Briganti
Introduction:
Panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently co-occur and share overlapping symptoms, yet it remains unclear whether they reflect distinct or interconnected symptom systems. This study examined the network structure of these disorders using clinician-administered diagnostic data.
Methods:
A total of 463 adults completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) conducted by trained clinicians. Eighteen items from the panic disorder, agoraphobia, and GAD modules were retained after a multistep selection procedure ensuring clinical relevance, endorsement variability, and nonredundancy. A binary Ising network was estimated using eLASSO with EBIC model selection. Network accuracy, stability, and edge differences were evaluated through nonparametric bootstrapping.
Results:
The estimated network revealed two well-defined symptom clusters corresponding to (1) panic–agoraphobia and (2) GAD. Within the panic–agoraphobia cluster, physiological symptoms (e.g., palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness) were tightly interconnected, and catastrophic cognitions (fear of dying, fear of losing control) were moderately linked to bodily sensations. Agoraphobia symptoms were strongly connected to each other but relatively peripheral to other panic symptoms. The GAD cluster was anchored by difficulty controlling worry, which emerged as the most central symptom and showed strong associations with restlessness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and irritability. Notably, no direct edges were found between panic–agoraphobia and GAD symptoms, suggesting distinct anxiety systems.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that fear-based and worry-based anxiety symptoms form separable yet clinically relevant structures. Focusing on core processes like excessive worry and interoceptive regulation could enhance the specificity of interventions and more effectively disrupt anxiety maintenance mechanisms.
{"title":"A Network Analysis of Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in 463 Patients From a Psychiatric Hospital","authors":"Emanuela Pizzolla, Juan Martin Tecco, Moritz Bruno Petzold, Giovanni Briganti","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71241","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently co-occur and share overlapping symptoms, yet it remains unclear whether they reflect distinct or interconnected symptom systems. This study examined the network structure of these disorders using clinician-administered diagnostic data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 463 adults completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) conducted by trained clinicians. Eighteen items from the panic disorder, agoraphobia, and GAD modules were retained after a multistep selection procedure ensuring clinical relevance, endorsement variability, and nonredundancy. A binary Ising network was estimated using eLASSO with EBIC model selection. Network accuracy, stability, and edge differences were evaluated through nonparametric bootstrapping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimated network revealed two well-defined symptom clusters corresponding to (1) panic–agoraphobia and (2) GAD. Within the panic–agoraphobia cluster, physiological symptoms (e.g., palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness) were tightly interconnected, and catastrophic cognitions (fear of dying, fear of losing control) were moderately linked to bodily sensations. Agoraphobia symptoms were strongly connected to each other but relatively peripheral to other panic symptoms. The GAD cluster was anchored by difficulty controlling worry, which emerged as the most central symptom and showed strong associations with restlessness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and irritability. Notably, no direct edges were found between panic–agoraphobia and GAD symptoms, suggesting distinct anxiety systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings indicate that fear-based and worry-based anxiety symptoms form separable yet clinically relevant structures. Focusing on core processes like excessive worry and interoceptive regulation could enhance the specificity of interventions and more effectively disrupt anxiety maintenance mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xintong Chen, Xuan Lyu, Li Zhu, Qin Cui, Qing Yang, Xinglin Li, Kaiye Xiang, Chun Zheng, Chao Fu
Background: The attentional boost effect refers to enhanced memory for information presented concurrently with target detection. This study explored the temporal neural dynamics of attentional boost effect during encoding and recognition to clarify whether it results from target enhancement or distractor inhibition.
Methods: A dual-task paradigm combining digit detection with word memorization was employed. Electroencephalography was recorded throughout the encoding and recognition stages. Event-related potential components, including P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, FN400, and late positive component (LPC), were analyzed across four regions of interest to track the time course of neural processing associated with attentional facilitation.
Results: Recognition accuracy for target-associated words was significantly higher than for baseline and distractor words, confirming a robust attentional boost effect. Event-related potential analyses revealed that during the encoding stage, target words elicited shorter P2/N2 latencies and larger P3 amplitudes. During the recognition stage, target words evoked more positive FN400 and LPC responses relative to new words.
Conclusions: The attentional boost effect emerges from the combined operation of target enhancement and distractor inhibition. These findings outline the neural timeline of attentional boost effect and provide insights for developing cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation strategies.
{"title":"Neural Dynamics of Attentional Boost Effect","authors":"Xintong Chen, Xuan Lyu, Li Zhu, Qin Cui, Qing Yang, Xinglin Li, Kaiye Xiang, Chun Zheng, Chao Fu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background</b>: The attentional boost effect refers to enhanced memory for information presented concurrently with target detection. This study explored the temporal neural dynamics of attentional boost effect during encoding and recognition to clarify whether it results from target enhancement or distractor inhibition.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: A dual-task paradigm combining digit detection with word memorization was employed. Electroencephalography was recorded throughout the encoding and recognition stages. Event-related potential components, including P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, FN400, and late positive component (LPC), were analyzed across four regions of interest to track the time course of neural processing associated with attentional facilitation.</p><p><b>Results</b>: Recognition accuracy for target-associated words was significantly higher than for baseline and distractor words, confirming a robust attentional boost effect. Event-related potential analyses revealed that during the encoding stage, target words elicited shorter P2/N2 latencies and larger P3 amplitudes. During the recognition stage, target words evoked more positive FN400 and LPC responses relative to new words.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: The attentional boost effect emerges from the combined operation of target enhancement and distractor inhibition. These findings outline the neural timeline of attentional boost effect and provide insights for developing cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gülçin Güler Öztekin, Nouf Abdullah Alshehri, Abdulmohsen Mohammed Abdullah Alkhulayfi, Murat Yıldırım
Purpose
This study addresses an important gap in understanding the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to spiritual well-being. Specifically, it tested the serial mediating roles of resilient mindset and psychological distress—depression, anxiety, and stress—in both independent and sequential pathways. By controlling for age and gender, the study aimed to clarify how resilience and distress jointly explain the relationship between ACEs and spiritual well-being.
Method
A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. A total of 686 university students participated in this study (75.4% females; M = 21.5, SD = 2.21).
Finding
The results showed that higher ACEs were associated with lower spiritual well-being, with a significant total effect (B = −0.64). Significant indirect effects supported the mediating roles of resilient mindset (B = −0.06) and psychological distress, including depression (B = −0.14), anxiety (B = −0.09), and stress (B = −0.09). Serial mediation analyses further showed that ACEs were indirectly associated with spiritual well-being through resilient mindset, followed by depression (B = −0.03), anxiety (B = −0.01), and stress (B = −0.01).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that developing a resilient mindset and reducing psychological distress may be important in reducing the effects of ACEs on well-being.
{"title":"Explaining Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Spiritual Well-Being Through Resilient Mindset, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Turkish University Students","authors":"Gülçin Güler Öztekin, Nouf Abdullah Alshehri, Abdulmohsen Mohammed Abdullah Alkhulayfi, Murat Yıldırım","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study addresses an important gap in understanding the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to spiritual well-being. Specifically, it tested the serial mediating roles of resilient mindset and psychological distress—depression, anxiety, and stress—in both independent and sequential pathways. By controlling for age and gender, the study aimed to clarify how resilience and distress jointly explain the relationship between ACEs and spiritual well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. A total of 686 university students participated in this study (75.4% females; <i>M =</i> 21.5, SD = 2.21).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that higher ACEs were associated with lower spiritual well-being, with a significant total effect (<i>B =</i> −0.64). Significant indirect effects supported the mediating roles of resilient mindset (<i>B =</i> −0.06) and psychological distress, including depression (<i>B =</i> −0.14), anxiety (<i>B =</i> −0.09), and stress (<i>B =</i> −0.09). Serial mediation analyses further showed that ACEs were indirectly associated with spiritual well-being through resilient mindset, followed by depression (<i>B =</i> −0.03), anxiety (<i>B =</i> −0.01), and stress (<i>B =</i> −0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that developing a resilient mindset and reducing psychological distress may be important in reducing the effects of ACEs on well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna Joensen, Elisabeth Framke, Luigi Pontieri, Melinda Magyari
<div> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>Comparison of recorded diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) with other nationwide health registries. The aim of the study is to describe and compare information on diagnoses of MS and related disorders and treatments with DMTs available in three national registries, highlighting the key differences relevant to MS research and providing insight for researchers for their choice of data source(s) suitable for their study.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>DMSR is a disease registry encompassing information on persons with MS and related disorders. The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is a registry of activities at Danish hospitals. The Danish National Hospital Medication Registry (DNHMR) contains information on in-hospital prescription medications. The population comprised all persons in DMSR in 2023 who were alive or born after and residing in Denmark on January 1, 1995 (N = 26,474). For this population, we identified DNPR contacts with diagnoses of MS or related disorders and initiated DMTs in DNHMR. Diagnostic and demographic characteristics were reported as recorded in DMSR for the total population, and the subset included in DMSR but not in DNPR. Characteristics of the part of the population identified in DNPR were reported as recorded in DNPR. We calculated the proportions of DMT treatments in DMSR identified in DNHMR.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Of the 26,474 persons, 23,857 (90.1%) were recorded with a diagnosis of MS or a related disorder in DNPR. Most (86.6%) of the 2617 persons not identified in DNPR were diagnosed before 1995. The proportion of persons with MS recorded without specification of the disease phenotype was 23.5% in the DMSR and 76.2% in the DNPR. After 2005, only 1.8% of persons with MS were recorded with an unspecified phenotype in DMSR. Of a total of 18,168 initiated DMT treatments in DMSR, 7230 (39.8%) were identified in DNHMR, with proportions ranging from 0.0% (mitoxantrone) to 88.5% (ocrelizumab).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>DMSR is suitable for disease-specific research addressing treatment efficacy, disease development, and long-term outcomes. In contrast, DNPR is well suited for broad epidemiological studies involving various health conditions and hospital utilization. The DNHMR will, when matured, be useful for studies involving medical treatment and comedication. However, as each registry has limi
{"title":"Diagnoses of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders and Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Comparison of the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry With Other Danish Health Registries","authors":"Hanna Joensen, Elisabeth Framke, Luigi Pontieri, Melinda Magyari","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparison of recorded diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) with other nationwide health registries. The aim of the study is to describe and compare information on diagnoses of MS and related disorders and treatments with DMTs available in three national registries, highlighting the key differences relevant to MS research and providing insight for researchers for their choice of data source(s) suitable for their study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DMSR is a disease registry encompassing information on persons with MS and related disorders. The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is a registry of activities at Danish hospitals. The Danish National Hospital Medication Registry (DNHMR) contains information on in-hospital prescription medications. The population comprised all persons in DMSR in 2023 who were alive or born after and residing in Denmark on January 1, 1995 (N = 26,474). For this population, we identified DNPR contacts with diagnoses of MS or related disorders and initiated DMTs in DNHMR. Diagnostic and demographic characteristics were reported as recorded in DMSR for the total population, and the subset included in DMSR but not in DNPR. Characteristics of the part of the population identified in DNPR were reported as recorded in DNPR. We calculated the proportions of DMT treatments in DMSR identified in DNHMR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 26,474 persons, 23,857 (90.1%) were recorded with a diagnosis of MS or a related disorder in DNPR. Most (86.6%) of the 2617 persons not identified in DNPR were diagnosed before 1995. The proportion of persons with MS recorded without specification of the disease phenotype was 23.5% in the DMSR and 76.2% in the DNPR. After 2005, only 1.8% of persons with MS were recorded with an unspecified phenotype in DMSR. Of a total of 18,168 initiated DMT treatments in DMSR, 7230 (39.8%) were identified in DNHMR, with proportions ranging from 0.0% (mitoxantrone) to 88.5% (ocrelizumab).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DMSR is suitable for disease-specific research addressing treatment efficacy, disease development, and long-term outcomes. In contrast, DNPR is well suited for broad epidemiological studies involving various health conditions and hospital utilization. The DNHMR will, when matured, be useful for studies involving medical treatment and comedication. However, as each registry has limi","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wencai Wang, Yinuo Chen, Zijie Xiong, Zun Wang, Wei Ye, Xianfeng Li
Background
Cognitive impairment (CI) greatly affects global health and quality of life. Donepezil, a widely used treatment for CI, particularly in Alzheimer's disease, has been extensively studied; however, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis summarizing global research trends remains limited.
Methods
Relevant English-language articles and reviews published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze publication trends, collaborative networks, journal distribution, co-citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence.
Results
A total of 1907 publications were identified. The United States led in both output and citation impact, with the University of Toronto emerging as the most influential institution. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provided the greatest funding support. The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease was the primary publishing outlet, and Etsuro Mori was the most prolific and influential author. Keyword analysis revealed “Donepezil,” “Alzheimer's disease,” and “Mild cognitive impairment” as dominant terms. Recent hotspots—such as “acetylcholinesterase,” “oxidative stress,” “neuroinflammation,” “tau protein,” and “mechanism”—reflect a shift toward mechanistic and preclinical research.
Conclusion
Research on donepezil for CI has shown consistent growth, evolving from clinical application toward mechanistic exploration and disease modification. Future studies are expected to focus on individualized therapy, combination strategies, and underexplored CI subtypes, aiming to enhance the therapeutic potential and clinical value of donepezil.
背景：认知障碍（CI）严重影响全球健康和生活质量。多奈哌齐是一种广泛用于CI治疗，特别是阿尔茨海默病的药物，已被广泛研究；然而，总结全球研究趋势的综合文献计量分析仍然有限。方法：从Web of Science Core Collection检索2000 - 2025年间发表的相关英文文章和综述。利用CiteSpace和VOSviewer分析论文发表趋势、协同网络、期刊分布、共被引模式和关键词共现情况。结果：共确定了1907份出版物。美国在产出和引文影响方面都处于领先地位，多伦多大学（University of Toronto）成为最有影响力的机构。美国卫生与公众服务部提供了最大的资金支持。《阿尔茨海默病杂志》（Journal of Alzheimer's Disease）是主要的出版渠道，森悦郎（Etsuro Mori）是最多产、最有影响力的作者。关键词分析显示，“多奈哌齐”、“阿尔茨海默病”和“轻度认知障碍”是主要词汇。最近的热点——如“乙酰胆碱酯酶”、“氧化应激”、“神经炎症”、“tau蛋白”和“机制”——反映了向机制和临床前研究的转变。结论：多奈哌齐治疗CI的研究呈现持续增长趋势，从临床应用向机制探索和疾病改良发展。未来的研究将集中在个体化治疗、联合治疗策略和未开发的CI亚型上，旨在提高多奈哌齐的治疗潜力和临床价值。
{"title":"Donepezil Research in Cognitive Impairment: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis of Global Trends and Pharmacological Perspectives","authors":"Wencai Wang, Yinuo Chen, Zijie Xiong, Zun Wang, Wei Ye, Xianfeng Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71251","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive impairment (CI) greatly affects global health and quality of life. Donepezil, a widely used treatment for CI, particularly in Alzheimer's disease, has been extensively studied; however, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis summarizing global research trends remains limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relevant English-language articles and reviews published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze publication trends, collaborative networks, journal distribution, co-citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1907 publications were identified. The United States led in both output and citation impact, with the University of Toronto emerging as the most influential institution. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provided the greatest funding support. The <i>Journal of Alzheimer's Disease</i> was the primary publishing outlet, and Etsuro Mori was the most prolific and influential author. Keyword analysis revealed “Donepezil,” “Alzheimer's disease,” and “Mild cognitive impairment” as dominant terms. Recent hotspots—such as “acetylcholinesterase,” “oxidative stress,” “neuroinflammation,” “tau protein,” and “mechanism”—reflect a shift toward mechanistic and preclinical research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research on donepezil for CI has shown consistent growth, evolving from clinical application toward mechanistic exploration and disease modification. Future studies are expected to focus on individualized therapy, combination strategies, and underexplored CI subtypes, aiming to enhance the therapeutic potential and clinical value of donepezil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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