Brain and Behavior最新文献

Background: Numerous observational studies have suggested a relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and constipation. However, the specific causal relationships remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) serves as a proven strategy for examining the causal relationships between genetic exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to thoroughly explore the potential bidirectional genetic causal effects between neuropsychiatric disorders and constipation.

Methods: We utilized the R11 data from Finnish genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to examine the association between twelve common neuropsychiatric disorders and constipation using TSMR analysis. To establish this causal link, we applied the random-effects inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Additionally, we conducted various sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger analysis, weighted median analysis, and leave-one-out analysis, followed by heterogeneity testing. Finally, reverse MR testing was performed to further elucidate the potential causal relationship between constipation and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Results: The forward MR results indicated that anxiety (IVW OR = 1.133; 95% CI: 1.021-1.258; p = 0.020) and depression (IVW OR = 1.149; 95% CI: 1.071-1.232; p = 0.000) may increase the risk of constipation. Reverse MR testing further confirmed that constipation increased the risk of anxiety (IVW OR = 1.273; 95% CI: 1.116-1.452; p = 0.000) and depression (IVW OR = 1.207; 95% CI: 1.095-1.331; p = 0.000) and was positively correlated with epilepsy (IVW OR = 1.331; 95% CI: 1.103-1.607; p = 0.003) and trigeminal neuralgia (IVW OR = 1.897; 95% CI: 1.225-2.936; p = 0.004). No pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in the MR analysis.

Conclusion: Our research elucidates the underlying bidirectional causal relationship between twelve common neuropsychiatric disorders and constipation. These findings emphasize the importance for clinical practitioners to prioritize the identification and management of constipation symptoms in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions, aiming to enhance their overall health and quality of life.

Background: During the shooting-preparation phase, shooters frequently encounter multiple interfering factors, such as task load, social evaluation, and complex environments. These factors can induce intricate changes in neural activity, leading to variations in shooting performance. This study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying brain activity during the shooting preparation phase in high-risk tasks (e.g., Hostage-Rescue Condition) and high-precision tasks (e.g., Long-Range Condition).

Methods: Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, the shooting performance metrics, and the self-report measures were collected from 30 shooters who completed shooting tasks under three conditions: Hostage-Rescue Condition, Long-Range Condition, and Close-Range Condition. EEG signals were subjected to sensor-level spectral analysis, source-level spectral analysis, functional connectivity analysis, and graph-theoretic analysis.

Results: Compared with Close-Range Condition, shooters exhibited the following characteristics during Hostage-Rescue Condition and Long-Range Condition: (1) perceived pressure increased significantly; however, shooting score and aiming time improved significantly only in the Hostage-Rescue Condition; (2) significant differences were observed across multiple frequency bands and brain regions. Sensor-level spectral analysis revealed the greatest number of significant differences in beta-band event-related desynchronization/synchronization across conditions. Source-space analysis indicated that the theta band exhibited the highest number of significant differences across conditions; (3) functional connectivity between the frontal lobe and other lobes weakened significantly, whereas intra-lobar connectivity strengthened significantly. In addition, small-worldness increased, but the clustering coefficient and global efficiency decreased significantly.

Conclusion: Under Hostage-Rescue Condition and Long-Range Condition, shooters perceived greater pressure, yet the shooting score improved only under Hostage-Rescue Condition. Intra-lobar functional connectivity strengthened, whereas connectivity between the frontal lobe and other lobes was suppressed. Nodal clustering coefficients increased in vision-related regions but decreased in semantically related regions. These changes indicate that, when confronting Hostage-rescue and Long-Range Conditions, the brain achieves adaptive regulation by redistributing neural resources to optimize information-processing efficiency.

Objective: To establish a high-resolution atlas of the corpus callosum (CC) using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), aiming to detail the subregional connectivity and improve the understanding of interhemispheric communication for clinical applications.

Methods: This research employed DSI in conjunction with quantitative anisotropy (QA)-based deterministic fiber tracking on 44 healthy individuals to map the connectivity patterns of the CC, correlating these with cortical subregions defined in the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) and human brainnetome atlas (BNA).

Results: The study identified 41 regions corresponding to the AAL atlas and 101 regions related to the BNA atlas at the midsagittal plane of the CC. Specifically, it included 34 frontal subregions associated with higher brain functions located predominantly in the anterior part of the CC. The midbody of the CC harbored subregions related to primary motor and sensory functions, while the splenium was characterized by subregions containing temporal projections. This comprehensive mapping revealed a complex and nuanced connectivity pattern within the CC, highlighting significant heterogeneity across regions that reflects its diverse structural and functional roles in brain functionality.

Conclusion: The developed atlas represents the first extensive mapping of the CC integrating both anatomical and functional connectivity paradigms, using QA-based DSI deterministic tractography. This atlas, which will be freely available, provides a valuable resource for neuroscientific research and clinical practice, offering detailed insights into the structural and functional organization of the CC.

Objective: Increased screen exposure among adolescents leads to short- or long-term health problems. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of screen exposure in the relationship between sleep quality and healthy lifestyle among adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted between February and May 2025 in a province in the Black Sea region of Turkey with 700 adolescents attending two high schools affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, the Adolescent Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale, and the Screen Exposure of Adolescents (ESEA) Scale. Descriptive, Pearson correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were performed on the data.

Results: Participants' screen exposure levels and healthy lifestyle beliefs were found to be moderate, while their sleep quality was good. Bootstrapping results revealed that screen exposure in adolescents led to a decrease in sleep quality (β = -0.091; p < 0.05). Increased screen exposure worsened healthy lifestyle beliefs (β = -0.327; p < 0.05). Sleep quality did not significantly affect healthy lifestyle beliefs (β = 0.061; p = 0.076). The study revealed that screen exposure played a mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality and healthy lifestyle (β = 0.030; 95% CI [0.008: 0.053]).

Conclusion: It has been concluded that increased screen exposure affects sleep quality and beliefs about healthy lifestyles in adolescents. To improve sleep quality and healthy lifestyle beliefs among adolescents, it is necessary to reduce their screen exposure levels. Planning and implementing nursing interventions for this purpose is extremely important in terms of protecting and improving adolescent health.

Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the skull and is used to treat various conditions. However, this creates a significant defect in the skull that requires subsequent reconstruction through a procedure called cranioplasty. Cranioplasty aims to improve cerebral blood flow and enhance neurological functions. The timing of cranioplasty is still a topic of debate and can generally be classified into two categories: "early cranioplasty" and "delayed cranioplasty." To provide evidence-based recommendations for the optimal timing of cranioplasty, our meta-analysis compares the safety and efficacy of early and delayed cranioplasty.

Methodology: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Multiple reviewers independently screened the studies using Rayyan software, and any conflicts were resolved through mutual discussion. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager version 5.41, with I² statistics applied to evaluate heterogeneity.

Results: Early cranioplasty was associated with increased risk of overall complications 1.43 (95% CI: 0.81 to 2.53; p = 0.22) and postoperative infections 1.36 (95% CI: 0.36 to 5.11; p = 0.65), shorter operative time -26.76 (95% CI: -41.20 to -12.32; p = 0.0003), and a reduced intraoperative blood loss -21.53 (95% CI: -38.30 to -4.77; p = 0.01). The neurological outcomes, that is, MMSE and GOS scores, favored the delayed cranioplasty or showed no significant difference, respectively.

Conclusion: The meta-analysis produced mixed results and required a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial with specified outcome measures to establish a balance between surgical safety and functional recovery.

Background: Play therapy has seen growing clinical application and theoretical development, yet no dedicated bibliometric analysis has systematically mapped this field. This study provides the first systematic map of the global play therapy research landscape, identifying clinical trends and future priorities for the field.

Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and bibliometric analyses were performed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer.

Results: A total of 771 articles were included. The United States led in publications, citations, international collaboration, and institutional participation. The Arts in Psychotherapy and Ray DC were the most productive journal and author, respectively. Core research focused on "children" and "adolescents," while "autism," "spectrum," and expanded age-group focus emerged as potential frontiers. However, a "visibility gap" remains, where clinical innovations from the Global South are often sidelined by Western-centric indexing and credentialing systems.

Conclusions: For clinicians, these findings underscore the need to adapt traditional techniques into neurodiversity-sensitive and culturally grounded practices. For policymakers, the evidence supports integrating play therapy into national mental health guidelines and insurance frameworks as a cost-effective, transdiagnostic intervention. Ultimately, bridging the gap between Western frameworks and regional adaptations is essential for creating a more inclusive and evidence-based global mental health strategy.

Purpose: Cognitive frailty (CF), defined as the co-existence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia, may be preventable. Interventions could target modifiable risk factors that promote healthy aging. However, awareness of public knowledge of CF and willingness to engage in preventative behaviors, particularly across demographic groups, remains limited.

Method: To assess awareness of CF, current health behaviors, and attitudes toward the preventing it, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, collecting responses from people aged 21 and older and living in the United Kingdom. The survey assessed participants' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors related to CF. Levels of knowledge and behaviors were compared across demographic groups, including age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation, education, and health status. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether familiarity with CF and beliefs about its preventability were associated with perceptions of how important different behaviors are and current and future behavior engagement.

Finding: A total of 4520 adults (aged 21-97 years, 70% male, 97% white, 60% having an undergraduate or postgraduate qualification) participated. Most respondents reported good knowledge of CF (80%) and believed CF could be prevented (91%). Participants engaging in behaviors to prevent CF and willing to engage in these behaviors in the future were more likely to be older (60-79 years old), male, white, and highly educated. Those from underserved groups were less likely to be engaging in health behaviors associated with lower risk of CF but reported willingness to engage in the future. Self-rated health was the biggest barrier to willingness to engage in future behaviors.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that while some groups are less engaged in healthy aging behaviors, their willingness to adopt preventative strategies highlights the potential of targeted interventions. Tailoring approaches to specific demographic groups might enhance engagement and support equitable promotion of healthy aging to prevent CF.

Introduction: Affect labeling, which entails identifying the emotional content of an event, is a critical strategy for implicit emotion regulation. Previous studies have shown that affect labeling influences the encoding memory stage of negative events. However, it remains unclear whether affect labeling during encoding of negative events affects subsequent memory stages related to these events, such as retrieval.

Methods: The current behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to investigate whether affect labeling during encoding of emotional pictures influenced behavioral performance and neural responses during recognition memory of these pictures. To address this issue, 37 participants in the present study were instructed to label the emotional content of negative or neutral pictures, label the person-related content, or simply view the pictures. Participants were then re-exposed to the pictures along with several new ones and were asked to indicate whether they had previously seen each prompted picture.

Results: Behavioral results showed that affect labeling during pictorial encoding subsequently increased recognition performance across all pictures. fMRI results revealed that during the encoding phase, negative pictures in the affect labeling condition elicited greater amygdala activation compared to the person labeling and viewing conditions, with this effect being even more pronounced relative to neutral pictures. More importantly, during the recognition phase, prior affect labeling reduced amygdalar responses specifically to negative pictures, which made comparable the responses observed for neutral pictures.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that affect labeling during encoding of negative events modulates their memory formation, thereby influencing subsequent retrieval of those events.

Background: The C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI) is an emerging biomarker reflecting both systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. However, its association with the risk of new-onset chronic diseases remains insufficiently studied.

Methods: Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2020. A total of 9275 participants were included. This study assessed the associations between CTI levels and 14 chronic diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, stroke, liver disease, lung disease, osteoarthritis, and other diseases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HRs for disease incidence, adjusting for confounders. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to explore potential nonlinear relationships.

Results: Elevated CTI levels were significantly associated with increased risks of new-onset hypertension (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.274, 1.563), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.645, 95% CI: 1.508, 1.793), DM (OR = 1.932, 95% CI: 1.724, 2.165), stroke (OR = 1.676, 95% CI: 1.491, 1.883), and liver disease (OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.124, 1.455). A significant nonlinear association was observed between the CTI and osteoarthritis (p-nonlinear = 0.03) as well as stroke (p-nonlinear = 0.012).

Conclusions: Elevated CTI is strongly associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases, highlighting its potential value as a clinical risk assessment tool and predictive biomarker.