This study investigated the association between the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) and hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage (HTH).
Method
Patients with hypertension who met the admission criteria between January 2020 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the HTH and non-HTH groups based on the presence or absence of thalamic hemorrhage, respectively. In addition to whether the variable was an FTP, other variables with unbalanced distributions between the two groups were used as matching factors for 1:1 propensity score matching, and other variables that were not used as matching factors were used as covariates for conditional logistic regression.
Results
A total of 722 patients were included in the study, with 115 in the HTH group and 607 in the non-HTH group. After propensity score matching, 114 patients were included in both groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the FTP (p = 0.003, odds ratio [OR]: 2.712, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.407–5.225) and homocysteine levels (p = 0.007; OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.014–1.089) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of HTH.
Conclusion
The incidence of FTP is not low, and it is an independent risk factor for HTH. Early recognition and appropriate monitoring are warranted for cases of FTP.
{"title":"Association Between the Fetal-Type Posterior Cerebral Artery and Hypertensive Thalamic Hemorrhage","authors":"Tianqiang Pu, Xuemin Zhong, Guohui Jiang, Zhengjun Wu, Shixu He, Yanling Long, Qiuxia Liang, Xionglong Tu, Suqiu Yao, Jian Wang, Mingfang He","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association between the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) and hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage (HTH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with hypertension who met the admission criteria between January 2020 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the HTH and non-HTH groups based on the presence or absence of thalamic hemorrhage, respectively. In addition to whether the variable was an FTP, other variables with unbalanced distributions between the two groups were used as matching factors for 1:1 propensity score matching, and other variables that were not used as matching factors were used as covariates for conditional logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 722 patients were included in the study, with 115 in the HTH group and 607 in the non-HTH group. After propensity score matching, 114 patients were included in both groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the FTP (<i>p</i> = 0.003, odds ratio [OR]: 2.712, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.407–5.225) and homocysteine levels (<i>p</i> = 0.007; OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.014–1.089) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of HTH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of FTP is not low, and it is an independent risk factor for HTH. Early recognition and appropriate monitoring are warranted for cases of FTP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted significant attention as it has been proven to be effective in facilitating upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of dual-site non-invasive brain stimulation (DS-NIBS) in improving upper extremity motor function after stroke.
Methods
A PRISMA systematic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials. Two authors independently extracted data, and the quality of included studies was assessed.
Results
Ten studies were included in the current review. DS-NIBS demonstrated a significant effect on upper extremity motor function impairment. However, only two studies showed no clear effects of DS-tDCS on upper extremity motor function after stroke. Due to the limited number of studies, the effects of DS-NIBS remain inconclusive.
Finding
This review found evidence for the relatively higher efficacy of DS-NIBS on post-stroke upper extremity motor function impairment, compared to the sham and SS-NIBS. Additionally, DS-TMS was found to generate better improvement than DS-tDCS.
{"title":"Effect of Dual-Site Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Upper-Limb Function After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Meng Ren, Jingjing Xu, Wenjing Wang, Lexian Shen, Chaojie Wang, Haoyang Liu, Lu Chen, Chanjing Liu, Yongheng Tang, Jiening Wang, Tiantian Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted significant attention as it has been proven to be effective in facilitating upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of dual-site non-invasive brain stimulation (DS-NIBS) in improving upper extremity motor function after stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A PRISMA systematic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials. Two authors independently extracted data, and the quality of included studies was assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten studies were included in the current review. DS-NIBS demonstrated a significant effect on upper extremity motor function impairment. However, only two studies showed no clear effects of DS-tDCS on upper extremity motor function after stroke. Due to the limited number of studies, the effects of DS-NIBS remain inconclusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review found evidence for the relatively higher efficacy of DS-NIBS on post-stroke upper extremity motor function impairment, compared to the sham and SS-NIBS. Additionally, DS-TMS was found to generate better improvement than DS-tDCS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Evidence regarding the associations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk is scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the aforementioned associations in US adults.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This is a cross-sectional study that included data from two independent samples of 12,716 and 11,967 individuals (aged ≥ 20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. The associations of the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk were examined through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we determined dose–response associations by fitting restricted cubic splines to the data.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>In the multivariable model, the highest quarter of dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression compared to the lowest quarter (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the highest quartile of plasma PLP levels was linked to a reduced risk of depression compared to the lowest quartile (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93, <i>p</i> < 0.01). With increasing quartiles of dietary intake of vitamin B6 and plasma PLP levels, the risk of depression also decreased accordingly (all <i>p</i> for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that for every 1-SD increase in the level of plasma lutein + zeaxanthin and dietary intake of vitamin B6, the risk of depression showed a decreasing trend (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). The interaction test results indicated that the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 did not significantly interact with any of the stratification factors (all <i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05). Moreover, no significant interaction was found between the amount of plasma PLP and any hierarchical factors (all <i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05), except for gender-based subgroup analysis (<i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05). The dose-response relationship results showed a linear decrease trend in the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate with the risk of depression.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Plasma PLP levels and dietary vitamin B6 intake in the highest quartiles are associated with a lower risk of depression. These findings support the promotion of a balanced diet rich in vitamin B6. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the eff
{"title":"Associations of Dietary Intake of Vitamin B6 and Plasma Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate Level With Depression in US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2005–2010","authors":"Jinhong Lu, Huina Mao, Yulei Tan, Guizhi Luo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence regarding the associations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk is scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the aforementioned associations in US adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a cross-sectional study that included data from two independent samples of 12,716 and 11,967 individuals (aged ≥ 20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. The associations of the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk were examined through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we determined dose–response associations by fitting restricted cubic splines to the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the multivariable model, the highest quarter of dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression compared to the lowest quarter (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the highest quartile of plasma PLP levels was linked to a reduced risk of depression compared to the lowest quartile (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93, <i>p</i> < 0.01). With increasing quartiles of dietary intake of vitamin B6 and plasma PLP levels, the risk of depression also decreased accordingly (all <i>p</i> for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that for every 1-SD increase in the level of plasma lutein + zeaxanthin and dietary intake of vitamin B6, the risk of depression showed a decreasing trend (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). The interaction test results indicated that the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 did not significantly interact with any of the stratification factors (all <i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05). Moreover, no significant interaction was found between the amount of plasma PLP and any hierarchical factors (all <i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05), except for gender-based subgroup analysis (<i>p</i> for interaction > 0.05). The dose-response relationship results showed a linear decrease trend in the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate with the risk of depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasma PLP levels and dietary vitamin B6 intake in the highest quartiles are associated with a lower risk of depression. These findings support the promotion of a balanced diet rich in vitamin B6. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the eff","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Carlander, M. Rydell, H. Kataoka, M. Hildebrand Karlén, A.-S. Lindqvist Bagge
Introduction
There is a high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison populations compared to the general population, and ADHD has also been shown to be associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. This systematic review examines the effect of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism, ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation in inmates with ADHD.
Methods
Adhering to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines, we conducted a structured search on September 6, 2023 using PubMed. We focused on original research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, following the IMRaD format, written in English, containing the established search terms, based on participants who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis (any edition of DSM), and who were incarcerated at the start of pharmacological treatment for ADHD. The primary outcome was criminal recidivism, the secondary outcomes were ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation-related factors such as global function, norm-breaking/antisocial behavior, adaptation to society/institutional behavior, cognitive function, and well-being.
Results
Five studies, based on three patient cohorts, were included in this systematic review. Surprisingly, only one study investigated criminal recidivism. That study indicated that self-reported criminal recidivism was lower than expected among inmates who had received pharmacological ADHD treatment. The five studies showed varying results in the effectiveness of pharmacological ADHD treatment on ADHD symptoms and other rehabilitation-related factors. The included studies also varied regarding participant characteristics, study design, dosage, adherence to treatment, treatment regimes, and measured outcomes. All studies reported using osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate as their drug of choice.
Conclusion
We conclude that there is limited empirical evidence to support the efficacy of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism in inmates diagnosed with ADHD. Still, evidence suggests that these treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and enhance rehabilitation outcomes, which may, in turn, lower the rate of reoffending. We point to the need for more targeted research in this area.
{"title":"A Remedy for Crime? A Systematic Review on the Effects of Pharmacological ADHD Treatment on Criminal Recidivism and Rehabilitation in Inmates With ADHD","authors":"A. Carlander, M. Rydell, H. Kataoka, M. Hildebrand Karlén, A.-S. Lindqvist Bagge","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison populations compared to the general population, and ADHD has also been shown to be associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. This systematic review examines the effect of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism, ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation in inmates with ADHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adhering to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines, we conducted a structured search on September 6, 2023 using PubMed. We focused on original research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, following the IMRaD format, written in English, containing the established search terms, based on participants who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis (any edition of DSM), and who were incarcerated at the start of pharmacological treatment for ADHD. The primary outcome was criminal recidivism, the secondary outcomes were ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation-related factors such as global function, norm-breaking/antisocial behavior, adaptation to society/institutional behavior, cognitive function, and well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five studies, based on three patient cohorts, were included in this systematic review. Surprisingly, only one study investigated criminal recidivism. That study indicated that self-reported criminal recidivism was lower than expected among inmates who had received pharmacological ADHD treatment. The five studies showed varying results in the effectiveness of pharmacological ADHD treatment on ADHD symptoms and other rehabilitation-related factors. The included studies also varied regarding participant characteristics, study design, dosage, adherence to treatment, treatment regimes, and measured outcomes. All studies reported using osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate as their drug of choice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that there is limited empirical evidence to support the efficacy of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism in inmates diagnosed with ADHD. Still, evidence suggests that these treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and enhance rehabilitation outcomes, which may, in turn, lower the rate of reoffending. We point to the need for more targeted research in this area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lihong Zhang, Fanfan Su, Jianhui Zhang, Jia Xu, Manhong Zhao, Di Li, Lin Yin
Background
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard of care for acute cerebral infarction (ACI) due to large vessel occlusions. However, its clinical efficacy in patients with ACI due to distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) remains unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of MT in patients with ACI due to DMVOs.
Methods
Totally, 306 patients with ACI at a very early stage were assigned into DMVOs-MT, M1-MT, and DMVOs-intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) groups. These groups were compared regarding baseline data, recanalization rate, location of vessel occlusions, number of thrombectomy, first-pass recanalization, mRS scores, NIHSS scores, 90-day mRS scores, incidence of adverse events, and mortality. Risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with DMVOs following MT were analyzed.
Results
DMVOs-MT and M1-MT groups showed comparable first-pass recanalization rates, recanalization rates, and NIHSS score reduction ratios, with marked differences in location of vessel occlusions. Versus DMVOs-IVT, DMVOs-MT had increased differences between pre- and post-treatment NIHSS scores and between pre-treatment NIHSS scores and NIHSS scores at discharge and elevated NIHSS reduction ratios. The poor prognosis rate of DMVOs-MT group was insignificantly different from that of M1-MT group but lower than that of DMVOs-IVT group. Adverse events and mortality incidences were comparable among the three groups. Diabetes, first-pass recanalization, and pre-treatment NIHSS scores were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in DMVO patients after MT.
Conclusion
MT is as effective and safe in patients with DMVOs as in patients with M1 occlusions. In patients with DMVOs, MT has higher efficacy and safety than IVT.
{"title":"Mechanical Thrombectomy for Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction due to Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Lihong Zhang, Fanfan Su, Jianhui Zhang, Jia Xu, Manhong Zhao, Di Li, Lin Yin","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard of care for acute cerebral infarction (ACI) due to large vessel occlusions. However, its clinical efficacy in patients with ACI due to distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) remains unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of MT in patients with ACI due to DMVOs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Totally, 306 patients with ACI at a very early stage were assigned into DMVOs-MT, M1-MT, and DMVOs-intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) groups. These groups were compared regarding baseline data, recanalization rate, location of vessel occlusions, number of thrombectomy, first-pass recanalization, mRS scores, NIHSS scores, 90-day mRS scores, incidence of adverse events, and mortality. Risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with DMVOs following MT were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DMVOs-MT and M1-MT groups showed comparable first-pass recanalization rates, recanalization rates, and NIHSS score reduction ratios, with marked differences in location of vessel occlusions. Versus DMVOs-IVT, DMVOs-MT had increased differences between pre- and post-treatment NIHSS scores and between pre-treatment NIHSS scores and NIHSS scores at discharge and elevated NIHSS reduction ratios. The poor prognosis rate of DMVOs-MT group was insignificantly different from that of M1-MT group but lower than that of DMVOs-IVT group. Adverse events and mortality incidences were comparable among the three groups. Diabetes, first-pass recanalization, and pre-treatment NIHSS scores were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in DMVO patients after MT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MT is as effective and safe in patients with DMVOs as in patients with M1 occlusions. In patients with DMVOs, MT has higher efficacy and safety than IVT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirstine Maarup Høeg, Rasmus Ljungbeck Frodegaard, Marie Grønkjær, Merete Osler, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Trine Flensborg-Madsen, Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
Introduction
Cannabis is by far the most widely used and abused drug listed on the Drug Enforcement Administration's Schedule I, which includes drugs with a high potential for abuse. There is evidence of short-term negative effects of cannabis use on cognition, but only a limited number of studies have explored the association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife.
Methods
The study population consisted of 5162 men who had participated in Danish follow-up studies on cognitive aging. These studies included scores on the military intelligence test Børge Prien's Prøve from both the conscription assessment (mean age = 20 years; p1 and p99: 18 and 26 years) and from the follow-up (mean age = 64 years; p1 and p99: 55 and 72 years) as well as extensive data on lifestyle and health from the follow-up questionnaires. The association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline was investigated in linear regression models.
Results
Men with a history of cannabis use had less cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife compared to men without a history of cannabis use. Among cannabis users, neither age of initiation of cannabis use nor frequent use was significantly associated with a greater age-related cognitive decline.
Discussion and Conclusions
In a sample of more than 5000 men followed for a mean of 44 years, we found no significant harmful effects of cannabis use on age-related cognitive decline.
{"title":"Cannabis Use and Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Function From Early Adulthood to Late Midlife in 5162 Danish Men","authors":"Kirstine Maarup Høeg, Rasmus Ljungbeck Frodegaard, Marie Grønkjær, Merete Osler, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Trine Flensborg-Madsen, Gunhild Tidemann Okholm","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cannabis is by far the most widely used and abused drug listed on the Drug Enforcement Administration's Schedule I, which includes drugs with a high potential for abuse. There is evidence of short-term negative effects of cannabis use on cognition, but only a limited number of studies have explored the association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population consisted of 5162 men who had participated in Danish follow-up studies on cognitive aging. These studies included scores on the military intelligence test Børge Prien's Prøve from both the conscription assessment (mean age = 20 years; p1 and p99: 18 and 26 years) and from the follow-up (mean age = 64 years; p1 and p99: 55 and 72 years) as well as extensive data on lifestyle and health from the follow-up questionnaires. The association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline was investigated in linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Men with a history of cannabis use had less cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife compared to men without a history of cannabis use. Among cannabis users, neither age of initiation of cannabis use nor frequent use was significantly associated with a greater age-related cognitive decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a sample of more than 5000 men followed for a mean of 44 years, we found no significant harmful effects of cannabis use on age-related cognitive decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quentin Calonge, Aurore Besnard, Laurent Bailly, Maria Damiano, Phintip Pichit, Sophie Dupont, Isabelle Gourfinkel-An, Vincent Navarro
Background and purpose
Around 30% of patients with epilepsy show drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). While cannabidiol has demonstrated efficacy as an adjunctive treatment in Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (LGS), and epilepsy related to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), its more global effectiveness in adult patients with DRE apart from these three specific contexts needs to be clarified.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at the epilepsy unit of Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital. Patients initiating pharmaceutical cannabidiol treatment and followed for at least 1 year were included. Patients were categorized into “authorized” (LGS, DS, or TSC) and “off-label” groups. Cannabidiol effectiveness and tolerance were compared between groups, and characteristics of responders (patients with >50% reduction in seizure frequency) in the off-label group were examined.
Results
Ninety-one patients, followed by a median duration of 24 months, were included. A total of 35.2% of the patients were in the authorized group. No significant differences were observed in responder rates between groups (31.3% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.85) and retention rates at 1 year (75.0% vs. 74.6%, p = 0.97). Sleepiness was more commonly reported in the authorized group (50.0% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.01), with no other significant differences. Among off-label patients (n = 59), clobazam co-prescription was more prevalent in responders (71.4% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that cannabidiol may benefit all adult patients with DRE, particularly those already receiving clobazam. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in off-label patients to validate these observational findings.
{"title":"Cannabidiol Treatment for Adult Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsies: A Real-World Study in a Tertiary Center","authors":"Quentin Calonge, Aurore Besnard, Laurent Bailly, Maria Damiano, Phintip Pichit, Sophie Dupont, Isabelle Gourfinkel-An, Vincent Navarro","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Around 30% of patients with epilepsy show drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). While cannabidiol has demonstrated efficacy as an adjunctive treatment in Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (LGS), and epilepsy related to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), its more global effectiveness in adult patients with DRE apart from these three specific contexts needs to be clarified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective study at the epilepsy unit of Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital. Patients initiating pharmaceutical cannabidiol treatment and followed for at least 1 year were included. Patients were categorized into “authorized” (LGS, DS, or TSC) and “off-label” groups. Cannabidiol effectiveness and tolerance were compared between groups, and characteristics of responders (patients with >50% reduction in seizure frequency) in the off-label group were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-one patients, followed by a median duration of 24 months, were included. A total of 35.2% of the patients were in the authorized group. No significant differences were observed in responder rates between groups (31.3% vs. 35.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.85) and retention rates at 1 year (75.0% vs. 74.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.97). Sleepiness was more commonly reported in the authorized group (50.0% vs. 22.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), with no other significant differences. Among off-label patients (<i>n</i> = 59), clobazam co-prescription was more prevalent in responders (71.4% vs. 28.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that cannabidiol may benefit all adult patients with DRE, particularly those already receiving clobazam. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in off-label patients to validate these observational findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Bampton, Caroline McHutchison, Kevin Talbot, Michael Benatar, Alexander G. Thompson, Martin R. Turner
Objective
To summarize and evaluate evidence pertaining to the clinical, genetic, histopathological, and neuroimaging correlates of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Methodology
We comprehensively reviewed the literature on cognitive and behavioral manifestations of ALS, narrating findings from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We discussed knowledge gaps in the evidence base and key limitations affecting studies to date, before formulating a framework for future research paradigms aimed at investigating clinicopathological correlates of neuropsychological dysfunction in ALS.
Results
Studies have demonstrated clinical associations with cognitive dysfunction in ALS e.g., bulbar-onset of symptoms, pathological associations (extramotor TDP-43 deposition), and imaging associations (frontotemporal involvement). The most common behavioral deficit, apathy, is highly associated with verbal fluency, but longitudinal studies assessing behavioral dysfunction in ALS are comparatively lacking.
Conclusion
Longitudinal studies have been helpful in identifying several potential correlates of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction but have frequently been confounded by selection bias and inappropriate testing platforms. This review provides a framework for more robust assessment of clinicopathological associations of neuropsychological abnormalities in ALS in the future, advocating for greater utilization of pre-symptomatic C9orf72 repeat expansion-carrying cohorts.
目的总结并评估与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）认知和行为功能障碍的临床、遗传、组织病理学和神经影像学相关的证据：我们全面回顾了有关 ALS 认知和行为表现的文献，叙述了横断面和纵向研究的结果。我们讨论了证据基础中的知识空白和影响迄今为止研究的主要局限性，然后制定了未来研究范式的框架，旨在调查 ALS 神经心理功能障碍的临床病理相关性：研究表明，肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症的认知功能障碍与临床相关，如横杆症状、病理学相关（运动外TDP-43沉积）和影像学相关（额颞叶受累）。最常见的行为缺陷--冷漠与语言流畅性高度相关，但评估 ALS 行为功能障碍的纵向研究相对缺乏：纵向研究有助于确定认知和行为功能障碍的几个潜在相关因素，但经常受到选择偏差和不适当的测试平台的影响。本综述为今后更有力地评估 ALS 神经心理异常的临床病理关联提供了一个框架，提倡更多地利用无症状前 C9orf72 重复扩增携带队列。
{"title":"The Basis of Cognitive and Behavioral Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"Alexander Bampton, Caroline McHutchison, Kevin Talbot, Michael Benatar, Alexander G. Thompson, Martin R. Turner","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To summarize and evaluate evidence pertaining to the clinical, genetic, histopathological, and neuroimaging correlates of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We comprehensively reviewed the literature on cognitive and behavioral manifestations of ALS, narrating findings from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We discussed knowledge gaps in the evidence base and key limitations affecting studies to date, before formulating a framework for future research paradigms aimed at investigating clinicopathological correlates of neuropsychological dysfunction in ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies have demonstrated clinical associations with cognitive dysfunction in ALS e.g., bulbar-onset of symptoms, pathological associations (extramotor TDP-43 deposition), and imaging associations (frontotemporal involvement). The most common behavioral deficit, apathy, is highly associated with verbal fluency, but longitudinal studies assessing behavioral dysfunction in ALS are comparatively lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal studies have been helpful in identifying several potential correlates of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction but have frequently been confounded by selection bias and inappropriate testing platforms. This review provides a framework for more robust assessment of clinicopathological associations of neuropsychological abnormalities in ALS in the future, advocating for greater utilization of pre-symptomatic <i>C9orf72</i> repeat expansion-carrying cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, the primary objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between dietary fiber intake (DFI) and sleep disorders.
Methods
For analysis, data from three consecutive cycles of NHANES (2009–2014) were pooled. The independent variable of interest was DFI, while the dependent variable was sleep disorders. Weighted logistic regression was employed to model the relationship between the two variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted, stratified, and adjusted to explore the association between DFI and sleep disorders.
Results
This study encompassed a cohort of 14,360 samples. Logistic regression results revealed a significant inverse association between higher DFI and the risk of sleep disorders (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, p = 0.005). Stratified analysis demonstrated significant interactive effects of gender and physical activity on the association between DFI and sleep disorders (interaction p = 0.017, p = 0.061). Quartile-stratified analysis of DFI showed that in the crude model, Q4 exhibited a significant protective impact against sleep disorders (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, p = 0.026). In model I, which adjusted for demographic characteristics only, Q3 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98, p = 0.036) and Q4 (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.90, p = 0.006) had significant protective effects on sleep disorders. Additionally, gender subgroup analysis revealed that DFI had a significant impact on the female population, particularly in postmenopausal women, and was more pronounced in subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.011). Within the physical activity subgroup, there was a certain effect of DFI on improving sleep disorders in individuals with low activity intensity.
Conclusion
Increasing DFI had a protective effect in reducing the risk of sleep disorders. This protective effect may be more pronounced in the female population and individuals with low physical intensity.
{"title":"Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Sleep Disorders: Based on the NHANES Database","authors":"Yijun Chen, Zengchen Zhao, Weijun Ding, Zhenting Zhou, Meihong Xiao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, the primary objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between dietary fiber intake (DFI) and sleep disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For analysis, data from three consecutive cycles of NHANES (2009–2014) were pooled. The independent variable of interest was DFI, while the dependent variable was sleep disorders. Weighted logistic regression was employed to model the relationship between the two variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted, stratified, and adjusted to explore the association between DFI and sleep disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study encompassed a cohort of 14,360 samples. Logistic regression results revealed a significant inverse association between higher DFI and the risk of sleep disorders (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Stratified analysis demonstrated significant interactive effects of gender and physical activity on the association between DFI and sleep disorders (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.017, <i>p</i> = 0.061). Quartile-stratified analysis of DFI showed that in the crude model, Q4 exhibited a significant protective impact against sleep disorders (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.026). In model I, which adjusted for demographic characteristics only, Q3 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.036) and Q4 (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.90, <i>p</i> = 0.006) had significant protective effects on sleep disorders. Additionally, gender subgroup analysis revealed that DFI had a significant impact on the female population, particularly in postmenopausal women, and was more pronounced in subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Within the physical activity subgroup, there was a certain effect of DFI on improving sleep disorders in individuals with low activity intensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing DFI had a protective effect in reducing the risk of sleep disorders. This protective effect may be more pronounced in the female population and individuals with low physical intensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maitena Pierantonelli, Adriana Mira, Ángel Zamora, Lorena Desdentado, Rebeca Diego-Pedro, Edgar González-Hernández, Juana Bretón-López, Azucena García-Palacios, Rosa M. Baños
Background
One of the obstacles to seeking help for suicide is its social stigma. The literature suggests that suicide knowledge could impact this stigma. The present study aims to examine levels and predictors of suicide stigma and suicide literacy among Spanish-speaking individuals from Spain and Latin America.
Method
A total of 678 adults completed an online survey conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. The survey assessed sociodemographic and clinical variables, including the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS-SF) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS-SF).
Results
Results showed the presence of stigmatization and a moderate level of suicide literacy. Latin Americans presented significantly more stigmatizing attitudes and lower levels of suicide literacy than Spaniards. Older age and stronger religious/spiritual beliefs were correlated with lower suicide literacy. Suicide stigma was regressed on lower suicide literacy, gender (men), stronger religious/spiritual beliefs, and lacking knowledge about how to find help. Furthermore, the region was significantly associated with the suicide glorification subscale, reporting Latin Americans' greater glorification.
Conclusions
By examining these factors, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of the attitudes and beliefs toward suicide. This understanding is crucial, as it may inform the development of effective interventions and prevention strategies that are culturally sensitive and tailored to diverse populations.
{"title":"Levels and Predictors of Suicide Literacy and Suicide Stigma in Spanish-Speaking Individuals","authors":"Maitena Pierantonelli, Adriana Mira, Ángel Zamora, Lorena Desdentado, Rebeca Diego-Pedro, Edgar González-Hernández, Juana Bretón-López, Azucena García-Palacios, Rosa M. Baños","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the obstacles to seeking help for suicide is its social stigma. The literature suggests that suicide knowledge could impact this stigma. The present study aims to examine levels and predictors of suicide stigma and suicide literacy among Spanish-speaking individuals from Spain and Latin America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 678 adults completed an online survey conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. The survey assessed sociodemographic and clinical variables, including the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS-SF) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS-SF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed the presence of stigmatization and a moderate level of suicide literacy. Latin Americans presented significantly more stigmatizing attitudes and lower levels of suicide literacy than Spaniards. Older age and stronger religious/spiritual beliefs were correlated with lower suicide literacy. Suicide stigma was regressed on lower suicide literacy, gender (men), stronger religious/spiritual beliefs, and lacking knowledge about how to find help. Furthermore, the region was significantly associated with the suicide glorification subscale, reporting Latin Americans' greater glorification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By examining these factors, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of the attitudes and beliefs toward suicide. This understanding is crucial, as it may inform the development of effective interventions and prevention strategies that are culturally sensitive and tailored to diverse populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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