Albert Graham, Jessica K. Hlayh, Mengzi Chen, Erika Wells, Steven Arnocky, Chang Hong Liu, C. Hodges-Simeon
{"title":"Masculinized Faces are Perceived as More Dangerous but Are Not More Memorable","authors":"Albert Graham, Jessica K. Hlayh, Mengzi Chen, Erika Wells, Steven Arnocky, Chang Hong Liu, C. Hodges-Simeon","doi":"10.22330/he/37/016-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/37/016-029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83287057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
„This well-spoken intellectual is crawling through the jungles of Africa chasing chimpanzees? I have a hard time believing that!“ Remarked a Belgian sports-educator after she met William McGrew at a birthday party in the „Schlößchen of Andechs“ in December 2016. It was one of the last merry gatherings in that place, the Research Unit for Human Ethology of Max Planck Society, before the buildings and big park were sold to an investor. Some of the researchers there were emeriti, now shifted back to the main, enlarged set up in Seewiesen, under the feathers of the Lorenzian mother goose, so to speak. The institute has recently been joined with the MPI for Neurobiology and named MPI for Biological Intelligence. Indeed, meeting Bill at occasions like conferences and parties like the one in the little Andechs castle, was meeting a highly educated, polite colleague carefully listening to his communication partners and giving informed, well-phrased answers. The same man endured the hardships of fieldwork in some of the most remote places of our otherwise comfortable world and conducted painstakingly detailed classic ethological observations of chimpanzee behaviour. His training in several sports, especially running long distances, including marathons and extended hikes in the Tyrolean Alps made and kept him physically fit for the adventures in the jungles and savannahs. Following our cousins for days and days is not an easy thing to do – in many respects.
“这个能言善辩的知识分子在非洲丛林里爬来爬去追黑猩猩?我很难相信!2016年12月，一位比利时体育教育家在“Schlößchen of Andechs”的生日派对上遇到威廉·麦克格鲁(William McGrew)后说道。这是马克斯·普朗克学会人类行为学研究中心最后一次欢乐的聚会，之后这些建筑和大公园被卖给了投资者。那里的一些研究人员是退休人员，现在已经搬回了位于Seewiesen的大型研究所，可以这么说，在洛伦兹母鹅的羽毛下。该研究所最近与MPI神经生物学研究所合并，并命名为MPI生物智能研究所。事实上，在会议和聚会上见到比尔，就像在安第斯小城堡里见到的那样，就像见到一个受过高等教育、彬彬有礼的同事，认真倾听他的交流伙伴的话，并给出见多识广、措辞得体的回答。同一个人忍受着野外工作的艰辛，在我们这个原本舒适的世界的一些最偏远的地方，对黑猩猩的行为进行了细致入微的经典行为学观察。他在几项运动中接受了训练，尤其是长跑，包括马拉松和在蒂罗尔阿尔卑斯山脉的长距离徒步旅行，这使他的身体保持了良好的状态，可以在丛林和大草原上冒险。在许多方面，日复一日地跟随我们的表亲并不是一件容易的事情。
{"title":"Reflections on William C. McGrew “Chasing after chimpanzees. The making of a primatologist”","authors":"W. Schiefenhövel","doi":"10.22330/he/37/030-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/37/030-035","url":null,"abstract":"„This well-spoken intellectual is crawling through the jungles of Africa chasing chimpanzees? I have a hard time believing that!“ Remarked a Belgian sports-educator after she met William McGrew at a birthday party in the „Schlößchen of Andechs“ in December 2016. It was one of the last merry gatherings in that place, the Research Unit for Human Ethology of Max Planck Society, before the buildings and big park were sold to an investor. Some of the researchers there were emeriti, now shifted back to the main, enlarged set up in Seewiesen, under the feathers of the Lorenzian mother goose, so to speak. The institute has recently been joined with the MPI for Neurobiology and named MPI for Biological Intelligence. Indeed, meeting Bill at occasions like conferences and parties like the one in the little Andechs castle, was meeting a highly educated, polite colleague carefully listening to his communication partners and giving informed, well-phrased answers. The same man endured the hardships of fieldwork in some of the most remote places of our otherwise comfortable world and conducted painstakingly detailed classic ethological observations of chimpanzee behaviour. His training in several sports, especially running long distances, including marathons and extended hikes in the Tyrolean Alps made and kept him physically fit for the adventures in the jungles and savannahs. Following our cousins for days and days is not an easy thing to do – in many respects.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplement to Volume 37: Proceedings of the ISHE meeting in Würzburg, Germany, 2022","authors":"C. Hendrie","doi":"10.22330/he/37/suppl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/37/suppl","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79337816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender differences and mask wearing: an observational study on a University campus and a mini-meta-analysis","authors":"Sophie Bainbridge, Sarah Allsopp, T. Pollet","doi":"10.22330/he/37/036-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/37/036-045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84334354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Group-contingent prosociality pervades human societies but the payoffs associated with inter-group tolerance and cooperation act as counterforces. Kinship terms (e.g. ‘brother’) and affiliative terms (e.g. ‘mate’) have been proposed to function to create strong bonds among in-group members but it is unknown if they play a role in establishing or strengthening between-group ties. To explore that possibility we conducted a psychological experiment whereby we recorded six speeches by three male speakers that differed along two lines: i) the accent of the speaker (Australian English, British English and English with a foreign accent), and ii) the inclusion of the word ‘mate’. Listeners (N=90; 45 males and 45 females) rated each vocal stimulus in terms of trustworthiness using a Likert scale. Our results support existing literature that subjects regard speakers with their own dialect as having higher trustworthiness. However, results do not accord with the notion that affiliative terms are harnessed to get access to social capital within and between groups. In sum, while accents can serve as reliable markers allowing selective assortment among individuals, affiliative terms do not seem to have such social utility (probably because they are easy to fake and thus do not constitute honest signals).
{"title":"Affiliative terms as a linguistic tool for improving perceptions of out-group members?","authors":"C. Grueter, Ivan Roncevich, N. Fay","doi":"10.22330/he/36/096-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/096-108","url":null,"abstract":"Group-contingent prosociality pervades human societies but the payoffs associated with inter-group tolerance and cooperation act as counterforces. Kinship terms (e.g. ‘brother’) and affiliative terms (e.g. ‘mate’) have been proposed to function to create strong bonds among in-group members but it is unknown if they play a role in establishing or strengthening between-group ties. To explore that possibility we conducted a psychological experiment whereby we recorded six speeches by three male speakers that differed along two lines: i) the accent of the speaker (Australian English, British English and English with a foreign accent), and ii) the inclusion of the word ‘mate’. Listeners (N=90; 45 males and 45 females) rated each vocal stimulus in terms of trustworthiness using a Likert scale. Our results support existing literature that subjects regard speakers with their own dialect as having higher trustworthiness. However, results do not accord with the notion that affiliative terms are harnessed to get access to social capital within and between groups. In sum, while accents can serve as reliable markers allowing selective assortment among individuals, affiliative terms do not seem to have such social utility (probably because they are easy to fake and thus do not constitute honest signals).","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Eder, M. Stefańczyk, M. Pieniak, Judit Martínez-Molina, J. Binter, O. Pesout, Patrick Smela, F. Scharnowski, D. Steyrl
{"title":"Dangers and Strangers: Pathogenic threat, fear, and perceived vulnerability do not predict ethnocentric orientations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe","authors":"S. J. Eder, M. Stefańczyk, M. Pieniak, Judit Martínez-Molina, J. Binter, O. Pesout, Patrick Smela, F. Scharnowski, D. Steyrl","doi":"10.22330/he/36/125-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/125-137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89981717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was aimed at investigating subjective well-being before and during COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian adults. Brazil was one of the worst affected countries of the world in number of COVID-19 cases and deaths . Adults from the five macro-regions of the country answered an online survey in 2018 (N = 616), in 2020 (N = 379) and in 2021 (N = 845). An additional sample of 75 respondents participated at all three times in the survey. Respondents evaluated their current life satisfaction by a single-item measure with a 11-point scale and 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) using a 7-point scale. They also evaluated how they felt about their lives now in comparison with a year ago and compared their quality of life against the lives of their parents. No differences were found as a function of the timing of the survey in all but one of the measures taken. There was a clustering of life satisfaction scores at around three-quarters of the measurement scale maximum as has been reported for Western and non-Western countries before the pandemic. Respondents’ positive outlook on life was also evidenced by their personal retrospectives, by the self-comparison to one year ago but most clearly by comparison to parents' lives. Our findings showed that they compared themselves to their parents in a way to feel better about themselves. This positivity trend may be an adaptive characteristic of human nature that helps people recover from the slings and arrows of lived experiences.
{"title":"Subjective Well-Being in Times of Covid-19: Positivity Bias","authors":"E. Otta, R. Defelipe, Vinicius F David, V. Bussab","doi":"10.22330/he/36/109-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22330/he/36/109-124","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed at investigating subjective well-being before and during COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian adults. Brazil was one of the worst affected countries of the world in number of COVID-19 cases and deaths . Adults from the five macro-regions of the country answered an online survey in 2018 (N = 616), in 2020 (N = 379) and in 2021 (N = 845). An additional sample of 75 respondents participated at all three times in the survey. Respondents evaluated their current life satisfaction by a single-item measure with a 11-point scale and 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) using a 7-point scale. They also evaluated how they felt about their lives now in comparison with a year ago and compared their quality of life against the lives of their parents. No differences were found as a function of the timing of the survey in all but one of the measures taken. There was a clustering of life satisfaction scores at around three-quarters of the measurement scale maximum as has been reported for Western and non-Western countries before the pandemic. Respondents’ positive outlook on life was also evidenced by their personal retrospectives, by the self-comparison to one year ago but most clearly by comparison to parents' lives. Our findings showed that they compared themselves to their parents in a way to feel better about themselves. This positivity trend may be an adaptive characteristic of human nature that helps people recover from the slings and arrows of lived experiences.","PeriodicalId":91082,"journal":{"name":"Human ethology bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79791691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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