G. Mariottini, Nicolò Benfante, M. G. Bridelli, Francesco Cappello, C. Faggio, C. Messina, A. Pantaleo, E. Rabino Massa
Prof. Massimo Cocchi, one of the most experienced scientists in nutritional biochemistry, past and honorary President of the Italian Society for Experimental Biology (Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale), passed away on May 19th, 2022, in his house in San Lazzaro di Savena (Bologna). He was a man of the highest value both from the scientific and from the human point of view. He was a landmark for a lot of students, as well as for his friends and colleagues who always appreciated his high moral standing and his immeasurable competence not only in the scientific field which was the subject of his work during all life, but also in many other fields of biology and medicine, so that anyone who met him could always receive a suggestion or a reliable scientific opinion. [...]
Massimo Cocchi教授，营养生物化学领域最有经验的科学家之一，意大利实验生物学学会(societ Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale)的前任和名誉主席，于2022年5月19日在他位于San Lazzaro di Savena(博洛尼亚)的家中去世。从科学和人类的角度来看，他都是一个最有价值的人。他是许多学生的里程碑，也是他的朋友和同事的里程碑，他们总是欣赏他崇高的道德地位和他不可估量的能力，不仅在科学领域，这是他一生工作的主题，而且在生物学和医学的许多其他领域，所以任何人见到他都能得到建议或可靠的科学意见。[…]
{"title":"In memory of Prof. Massimo Cocchi, past president and honorary president of the Italian Society for Experimental Biology (Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale - SIBS)","authors":"G. Mariottini, Nicolò Benfante, M. G. Bridelli, Francesco Cappello, C. Faggio, C. Messina, A. Pantaleo, E. Rabino Massa","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10938","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. Massimo Cocchi, one of the most experienced scientists in nutritional biochemistry, past and honorary President of the Italian Society for Experimental Biology (Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale), passed away on May 19th, 2022, in his house in San Lazzaro di Savena (Bologna). He was a man of the highest value both from the scientific and from the human point of view. He was a landmark for a lot of students, as well as for his friends and colleagues who always appreciated his high moral standing and his immeasurable competence not only in the scientific field which was the subject of his work during all life, but also in many other fields of biology and medicine, so that anyone who met him could always receive a suggestion or a reliable scientific opinion. [...]","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73798882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, Causality assessment of adverse drug events is essential in pharmacovigilance to assess the relationship between the medicine and the event.1,2 Regulatory authorities recommend using standardized methods for causality assessment.3,4 The World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO-UMC) system offers generalized criteria for establishing causal relationships.3 In contrast, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) provides a specialized system to assess Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) cases. We systematically reviewed the literature and verified that these systems are among the best tools currently available for signal detection and causality assessment. [...]
{"title":"A concept for causality assessment and causal inference of adverse events cases","authors":"A. Al-Imam, A. Sami, S. Lane, Manal Younus","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10772","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, \u0000 \u0000Causality assessment of adverse drug events is essential in pharmacovigilance to assess the relationship between the medicine and the event.1,2 Regulatory authorities recommend using standardized methods for causality assessment.3,4 The World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO-UMC) system offers generalized criteria for establishing causal relationships.3 In contrast, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) provides a specialized system to assess Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) cases. We systematically reviewed the literature and verified that these systems are among the best tools currently available for signal detection and causality assessment. [...]","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81019242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Lakache, Hinda Hacib, Hamza Aliboudhar, M. Toumi, M. Mahdid, Nassima Lamrani, Hassina Tounssi, A. Kameli
The purpose of this study was to identify the principal components of the essential oil extracted from Fortunella margarita peels via hydrodistillation and to evaluate in vitro its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and toxicity properties. Among the detected compounds were limonene, D-germacrene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene. Method of inhibiting the denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of Fortunella margarita. At a concentration of 400g/mL, a high anti-inflammatory effect was observed. The percentage of BSA protection against heat increased with increasing concentration. Also, the evaluation of antidiabetic activity by glucose uptake by yeast cells revealed that Fortunella margarita was more effective than the standard drug novoformine in the presence of 5 mM glucose. The antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests, where the essential oil had much lower antioxidant activity. A bioassay on the lethality of brine shrimp was conducted to determine the toxicity of the essential oil. The study reveals that the essential oil is a possible source of important bioactive compounds and that its constituents may exhibit synergistic effects. Our findings suggest that the essential oil from Fortunella margarita could be used in the future as a substitute for synthetic anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and toxicityactivities, of the essential oil of Fortunella margarita peels","authors":"Z. Lakache, Hinda Hacib, Hamza Aliboudhar, M. Toumi, M. Mahdid, Nassima Lamrani, Hassina Tounssi, A. Kameli","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10641","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the principal components of the essential oil extracted from Fortunella margarita peels via hydrodistillation and to evaluate in vitro its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and toxicity properties. Among the detected compounds were limonene, D-germacrene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene. Method of inhibiting the denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of Fortunella margarita. At a concentration of 400g/mL, a high anti-inflammatory effect was observed. The percentage of BSA protection against heat increased with increasing concentration. Also, the evaluation of antidiabetic activity by glucose uptake by yeast cells revealed that Fortunella margarita was more effective than the standard drug novoformine in the presence of 5 mM glucose. The antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests, where the essential oil had much lower antioxidant activity. A bioassay on the lethality of brine shrimp was conducted to determine the toxicity of the essential oil. The study reveals that the essential oil is a possible source of important bioactive compounds and that its constituents may exhibit synergistic effects. Our findings suggest that the essential oil from Fortunella margarita could be used in the future as a substitute for synthetic anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83071050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Dumas, P. Perelman, L. Biltueva, M. Roelke-Parker
To investigate the distribution of LINE-1 repeat sequences, a LINE-1 probe was Fluorescence In Situ Hybridized (FISH) on the chromosomes of Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps (Atelidae); a LINE-1 probe was also mapped on Cebuella pygmaea (Cebidae) and used as an outgroup for phylogenetic comparison. Ateles spider monkeys have a highly rearranged genome and are an ideal model for testing whether LINE-1 is involved in genome evolution. The LINE-1 probe has been mapped in the two Atelidae species for the first time, revealing a high accumulation of LINE-1 sequences along chromosomal arms, including telomeres, and a scarcity of LINE-1 signals at centromere positions. LINE-1 mapping in C. pygmaea (Cebidae) revealed signals at centromere positions and along chromosome arms, which was consistent with previous published data from other Cebidae species. In a broader sense, the results were analyzed in light of published data on whole-chromosomal human probes mapped in these genomes. This analysis allows us to speculate about the presence of LINE-1 sequences at the junction of human chromosomal syntenies, as well as a possible link between these sequences and chromosomal rearrangements.
为了研究LINE-1重复序列的分布，采用荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence In Situ Hybridized, FISH)技术对松叶松茧蜂(Ateles geoffroyi)和褐皮茧蜂(Ateles fusciceps)染色体进行了LINE-1探针检测;一个LINE-1探针也被定位在pygmaea (Cebidae)上，并作为一个外群进行系统发育比较。蜘蛛猴具有高度重排的基因组，是测试LINE-1是否参与基因组进化的理想模型。LINE-1探针首次在两种Atelidae物种中绘制，揭示了沿染色体臂(包括端粒)高度积累的LINE-1序列，以及着丝粒位置缺乏LINE-1信号。C. pygmaea (Cebidae)的LINE-1图谱显示了着丝粒位置和沿染色体臂的信号，这与先前发表的其他Cebidae物种的数据一致。从更广泛的意义上说，结果是根据在这些基因组中绘制的全染色体人类探针的已发表数据进行分析的。这一分析使我们能够推测在人类染色体合体的连接处存在LINE-1序列，以及这些序列与染色体重排之间的可能联系。
{"title":"Retrotransposon mapping in spider monkey genomes of the family Atelidae (Platyrrhini, Primates) shows a high level of LINE-1 amplification","authors":"F. Dumas, P. Perelman, L. Biltueva, M. Roelke-Parker","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10725","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the distribution of LINE-1 repeat sequences, a LINE-1 probe was Fluorescence In Situ Hybridized (FISH) on the chromosomes of Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps (Atelidae); a LINE-1 probe was also mapped on Cebuella pygmaea (Cebidae) and used as an outgroup for phylogenetic comparison. Ateles spider monkeys have a highly rearranged genome and are an ideal model for testing whether LINE-1 is involved in genome evolution. The LINE-1 probe has been mapped in the two Atelidae species for the first time, revealing a high accumulation of LINE-1 sequences along chromosomal arms, including telomeres, and a scarcity of LINE-1 signals at centromere positions. LINE-1 mapping in C. pygmaea (Cebidae) revealed signals at centromere positions and along chromosome arms, which was consistent with previous published data from other Cebidae species. In a broader sense, the results were analyzed in light of published data on whole-chromosomal human probes mapped in these genomes. This analysis allows us to speculate about the presence of LINE-1 sequences at the junction of human chromosomal syntenies, as well as a possible link between these sequences and chromosomal rearrangements.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Parvizrad, E. Marghamlki, S. Nikfar, S. Dermani
Aluminum Phosphide (ALP) is one of the most dangerous pesticides. When it comes into contact with water, it emits Phosphine (PH3) gas, which causes poisoning and death in many people. The purpose of this study is to look into the role of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of aluminum phosphide toxicity in rats. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were fed with aluminum phosphide orally. After 15 minutes, N-acetylcysteine was administered intraperitoneally. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-Transferase (GST), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK) were studied in blood plasma. CAT, GST, and GSH concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidneys of rats infected with aluminum phosphide decreased, while AST, ALT, and ALK concentrations increased. The levels of all enzymes studied approached normal after N-acetylcysteine administration, and the rats survived for up to 12-15 hours. According to the findings of this study, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg improves hepatic manifestations and prevents liver necrosis, so it can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of this poisoning.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of N-acetylcysteine on aluminum phosphide toxicity in rats","authors":"R. Parvizrad, E. Marghamlki, S. Nikfar, S. Dermani","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10632","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum Phosphide (ALP) is one of the most dangerous pesticides. When it comes into contact with water, it emits Phosphine (PH3) gas, which causes poisoning and death in many people. The purpose of this study is to look into the role of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of aluminum phosphide toxicity in rats. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were fed with aluminum phosphide orally. After 15 minutes, N-acetylcysteine was administered intraperitoneally. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-Transferase (GST), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK) were studied in blood plasma. CAT, GST, and GSH concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidneys of rats infected with aluminum phosphide decreased, while AST, ALT, and ALK concentrations increased. The levels of all enzymes studied approached normal after N-acetylcysteine administration, and the rats survived for up to 12-15 hours. According to the findings of this study, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg improves hepatic manifestations and prevents liver necrosis, so it can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of this poisoning.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80675766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predictive models of species distribution, including several parakeets, may be very useful for understanding the actual and potential distribution of alien species. The Ring-necked Parakeet and the Monk Parakeet are two alien species found in the Veneto region (north-east Italy) that are well-suited for conducting potential distribution studies to identify suitable areas of occurrence. In this paper, I use the MAXENT algorithm to predict the potential distribution maps of these species in the Veneto region, which finds the probability distribution of maximum entropy that is constrained by the ecological parameters considered. The authors of the Veneto photo-sound atlas kindly provided presence data for the two species. The potential distribution models for the two parakeets performed very well overall (AUC = 0.966 for Ring-necked Parakeet and AUC = 0.987 for Monk Parakeet) and indicated that high suitability areas correspond primarily to areas near known occurrences of the species. Overall, the study found that the presence of the species in provinces other than those with large populations is highly unlikely. The distribution maps produced can aid in the selection of monitoring areas for these two alien species’ populations and potential expansion.
{"title":"How far will they go? Considerations on the potential expansion of the Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) in Veneto region (Italy) with MaxEnt distribution models","authors":"Alessandro Nardotto","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10570","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive models of species distribution, including several parakeets, may be very useful for understanding the actual and potential distribution of alien species. The Ring-necked Parakeet and the Monk Parakeet are two alien species found in the Veneto region (north-east Italy) that are well-suited for conducting potential distribution studies to identify suitable areas of occurrence. In this paper, I use the MAXENT algorithm to predict the potential distribution maps of these species in the Veneto region, which finds the probability distribution of maximum entropy that is constrained by the ecological parameters considered. The authors of the Veneto photo-sound atlas kindly provided presence data for the two species. The potential distribution models for the two parakeets performed very well overall (AUC = 0.966 for Ring-necked Parakeet and AUC = 0.987 for Monk Parakeet) and indicated that high suitability areas correspond primarily to areas near known occurrences of the species. Overall, the study found that the presence of the species in provinces other than those with large populations is highly unlikely. The distribution maps produced can aid in the selection of monitoring areas for these two alien species’ populations and potential expansion.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87409346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luisa Ferrari, J. Metovic, Daniela Pulcinelli, Antonio Lombardi, Daniel W. Rullo, F. Papola, L. Ventura
Pathology museums host ancient samples obtained during autopsies and generally used for educational purposes in the past. Such collections consist of dry and wet specimens showing diseases that no longer exist or with their natural course unmodified by modern therapies.1,2 In wet specimens, the preservation of macroscopic features due to the storage fluid has a great historical and paleopathological interest. Unfortunately, both original fixatives and storage fluids strongly influence tissue antigens and nucleic acids preservation.3 [...]
{"title":"pH evaluation of storage fluids and ancient DNA extraction from wet specimens in pathology museums","authors":"Luisa Ferrari, J. Metovic, Daniela Pulcinelli, Antonio Lombardi, Daniel W. Rullo, F. Papola, L. Ventura","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10820","url":null,"abstract":"Pathology museums host ancient samples obtained during autopsies and generally used for educational purposes in the past. Such collections consist of dry and wet specimens showing diseases that no longer exist or with their natural course unmodified by modern therapies.1,2 In wet specimens, the preservation of macroscopic features due to the storage fluid has a great historical and paleopathological interest. Unfortunately, both original fixatives and storage fluids strongly influence tissue antigens and nucleic acids preservation.3 [...]","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78528008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Darvishi, S. Jasim, Makhamadjalal I. Sarimsakov, N. J. Ibrahim, S. J. Hadi, Aymen Al-Sammarra’e, Roua Abulkassim, N. M. Hameed, W. K. Alkhafaje, Z. H. Adhab, E. Alwaily, Mohadeseh Pirhadi, Atieh Ganjeii, S. Shokri
The anti-oxidative potential of extracts from two Iranian medicinal plants, Oliveria decumbens and Capparis spinosa, is assessed in this study. The Oliveria genus is part of the Apiaceae family and contains only one species, O. decumbensVent. Capers are either wild or cultivated plants that are found in many tropical and subtropical countries. Oliveria decumbens and Capparis spinosa aerial parts were dried and ground. The herbal solution was then created by combining herbal powder and methanol. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the plants was determined using the Ferric Iron Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the ELISA reader at 570 nm. The total antioxidant capacities of O. decumbens, C. spinosa fruit, and C. spinosa leaves, respectively, were 3.82 mmol Fe2+/L, 1.96 mmol Fe2+/L, and 1.65 mmol Fe2+/L. These plants' essential oils are secondary metabolites that are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and health industries as antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. In general, the traditional Iranian edible plants studied are good sources of natural antioxidant compounds.
{"title":"Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of Oliveria decumbens and Capparis spinosa","authors":"M. Darvishi, S. Jasim, Makhamadjalal I. Sarimsakov, N. J. Ibrahim, S. J. Hadi, Aymen Al-Sammarra’e, Roua Abulkassim, N. M. Hameed, W. K. Alkhafaje, Z. H. Adhab, E. Alwaily, Mohadeseh Pirhadi, Atieh Ganjeii, S. Shokri","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10644","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-oxidative potential of extracts from two Iranian medicinal plants, Oliveria decumbens and Capparis spinosa, is assessed in this study. The Oliveria genus is part of the Apiaceae family and contains only one species, O. decumbensVent. Capers are either wild or cultivated plants that are found in many tropical and subtropical countries. Oliveria decumbens and Capparis spinosa aerial parts were dried and ground. The herbal solution was then created by combining herbal powder and methanol. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the plants was determined using the Ferric Iron Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the ELISA reader at 570 nm. The total antioxidant capacities of O. decumbens, C. spinosa fruit, and C. spinosa leaves, respectively, were 3.82 mmol Fe2+/L, 1.96 mmol Fe2+/L, and 1.65 mmol Fe2+/L. These plants' essential oils are secondary metabolites that are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and health industries as antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. In general, the traditional Iranian edible plants studied are good sources of natural antioxidant compounds.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87526964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 20 million people in the East African horn and the southern Arabian Peninsula chew khat (Catha edulis) on a daily basis. The glycemic effect of khat chewing, regardless of diabetes status, is still being debated. Using studies from countries where chewing khat is common, we attempted to discuss the potential glycemic effects of Catha edulis in humans and some animal models. This review included a thorough search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library using PRISMA guidelines, with words like (Khat) and (Qat) serving as query indicators for (diabetes) and (glucose), with no language or species restrictions. Khat is chewed for its stimulating and enjoyable properties. Despite a relatively small number of studies on khat’s glycemic effect, the debate continues. Many studies have linked the glycemic effect of khat leaves to their freshness and the duration of the stimulant effect. Although only in animal models, khat’s destructive effect on pancreatic -cells could cause some dysglycemic effects. The cathinone cannot be blamed for the glycemic effect.
{"title":"Glycemic effects of Catha edulis","authors":"S. Odhaib, B. Al-Sharafi, A. Mansour","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10544","url":null,"abstract":"More than 20 million people in the East African horn and the southern Arabian Peninsula chew khat (Catha edulis) on a daily basis. The glycemic effect of khat chewing, regardless of diabetes status, is still being debated. Using studies from countries where chewing khat is common, we attempted to discuss the potential glycemic effects of Catha edulis in humans and some animal models. This review included a thorough search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library using PRISMA guidelines, with words like (Khat) and (Qat) serving as query indicators for (diabetes) and (glucose), with no language or species restrictions. Khat is chewed for its stimulating and enjoyable properties. Despite a relatively small number of studies on khat’s glycemic effect, the debate continues. Many studies have linked the glycemic effect of khat leaves to their freshness and the duration of the stimulant effect. Although only in animal models, khat’s destructive effect on pancreatic -cells could cause some dysglycemic effects. The cathinone cannot be blamed for the glycemic effect.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huge amounts of Wastewaters (WWs) are produced yearly by the hydrofracking of impermeable rock formations for the extraction of oil or natural gas. Flowback Wastewaters (FWs) are characterized by high contents of inorganic contaminants and hydrocarbons thus representing a relevant threat for the environment. In this work three hydrocarbon-tolerant microalgae have been cultivated in flowback water generated during hydraulic fracturing to investigate their growth kinetics. All three strains could grow in FWs irrespective of the presence of oil hydrocarbons. Biomass productivity varied significantly among the strains. Ochromonas danica achieved a specific growth rate equal to 0.386 day-1 during the exponential phase and a maximum biomass productivity equal to 39 mg L-1 day-1 after 11 days of batch cultivation. Scenedesmus dimorphus was capable to grow in the FWs by achieving a biomass concentration equal to 0.5 g L-1 after about 25 days of cultivation. On the contrary, Prototheca zopfii was strongly affected by the contaminants of FWs. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that specific strains of microalgae could thrive in FWs and thus represent suitable candidates to future research activity aimed to verify the possibility to bio-remediate these harmful WWs.
为了开采石油或天然气，对不透水岩层进行水力压裂，每年都会产生大量的废水。返排废水(FWs)的特点是无机污染物和碳氢化合物含量高，因此对环境构成相关威胁。本文在水力压裂返排水中培养了3种耐烃类微藻，研究了它们的生长动力学。这三种菌株都可以在FWs中生长，而不考虑石油碳氢化合物的存在。不同菌株间生物量生产力差异显著。在指数期，黑单胞菌的比生长率为0.386 d -1，批量培养11天后，其生物量生产力达到了39 mg L-1 day-1。经过25天左右的培养，双形情景蝇能够在FWs中生长，生物量浓度达到0.5 g L-1。与此相反，藻原鱼受浮游生物污染物的影响较大。最终，本研究表明，特定的微藻菌株可以在浮游生物中茁壮成长，因此为未来的研究活动提供了合适的候选菌株，旨在验证生物修复这些有害浮游生物的可能性。
{"title":"Cultivation of hydrocarbon-tolerant microalgae in flowback wastewaters produced during hydrofracking of impermeable rocks","authors":"Giovanni Antonio Lutzu, A. Concas, N. Dunford","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2022.10660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10660","url":null,"abstract":"Huge amounts of Wastewaters (WWs) are produced yearly by the hydrofracking of impermeable rock formations for the extraction of oil or natural gas. Flowback Wastewaters (FWs) are characterized by high contents of inorganic contaminants and hydrocarbons thus representing a relevant threat for the environment. In this work three hydrocarbon-tolerant microalgae have been cultivated in flowback water generated during hydraulic fracturing to investigate their growth kinetics. All three strains could grow in FWs irrespective of the presence of oil hydrocarbons. Biomass productivity varied significantly among the strains. Ochromonas danica achieved a specific growth rate equal to 0.386 day-1 during the exponential phase and a maximum biomass productivity equal to 39 mg L-1 day-1 after 11 days of batch cultivation. Scenedesmus dimorphus was capable to grow in the FWs by achieving a biomass concentration equal to 0.5 g L-1 after about 25 days of cultivation. On the contrary, Prototheca zopfii was strongly affected by the contaminants of FWs. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that specific strains of microalgae could thrive in FWs and thus represent suitable candidates to future research activity aimed to verify the possibility to bio-remediate these harmful WWs.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87319712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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