Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2010.10446320
I. Grey, Stephen Bradley, B. McClean
A retrospective analysis was carried out on the diagnostic assessments of 67 children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in order to (1) examine the use of assessment instruments used to diagnose autism and whether they reflect the critical domain areas requiring assessment, (2) evaluate whether the information reported in initial assessments is such that they will facilitate subsequent evaluation of progress across developmental domains, and (3) examine the nature and type of interventions recommended. Results indicated that over one-quarter of all assessments did not include a measure of adaptive functioning and almost one-third did not include a measure of intellectual functioning. Furthermore, a substantial number of assessments did not provide enough information to evaluate progress after diagnosis across these domains. Results also suggest that children with autism rarely receive a follow-up assessment following diagnosis. The most common recommendations in relation to intervention were placeme...
{"title":"Patterns of autism diagnostic assessment in Ireland","authors":"I. Grey, Stephen Bradley, B. McClean","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2010.10446320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446320","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective analysis was carried out on the diagnostic assessments of 67 children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in order to (1) examine the use of assessment instruments used to diagnose autism and whether they reflect the critical domain areas requiring assessment, (2) evaluate whether the information reported in initial assessments is such that they will facilitate subsequent evaluation of progress across developmental domains, and (3) examine the nature and type of interventions recommended. Results indicated that over one-quarter of all assessments did not include a measure of adaptive functioning and almost one-third did not include a measure of intellectual functioning. Furthermore, a substantial number of assessments did not provide enough information to evaluate progress after diagnosis across these domains. Results also suggest that children with autism rarely receive a follow-up assessment following diagnosis. The most common recommendations in relation to intervention were placeme...","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59315028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2010.10446322
C. Mcguckin, C. Lewis, P. Cummins
Little is known about the levels and psychological consequences of bully/victim behaviours in schools in Northern Ireland. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported experiences of school bullying, and the relationship between such experiences, stress and general psychological health. A random sample of 824 twelve- to seventeen-year-olds living throughout Northern Ireland completed a questionnaire booklet as part of the 2004 “Young Life and Times” survey. Respondents completed a bullying-related question, two stress-related items, and the GHQ-12. The data indicate that bully/victim problems are pervasive in Northern Ireland’s schools, with 13% reporting being bullied “sometimes”, “often”, or “always”. Also, involvement in bully/victim problems was associated with impaired psychological health in terms of increased stress and lower general psychological well-being. These findings are discussed within the context of the wider international literature on bullying.
{"title":"Experiences of school bullying, psychological well-being and stress in Northern Ireland : data from the 2004 Young Life and Times Survey","authors":"C. Mcguckin, C. Lewis, P. Cummins","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2010.10446322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446322","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the levels and psychological consequences of bully/victim behaviours in schools in Northern Ireland. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported experiences of school bullying, and the relationship between such experiences, stress and general psychological health. A random sample of 824 twelve- to seventeen-year-olds living throughout Northern Ireland completed a questionnaire booklet as part of the 2004 “Young Life and Times” survey. Respondents completed a bullying-related question, two stress-related items, and the GHQ-12. The data indicate that bully/victim problems are pervasive in Northern Ireland’s schools, with 13% reporting being bullied “sometimes”, “often”, or “always”. Also, involvement in bully/victim problems was associated with impaired psychological health in terms of increased stress and lower general psychological well-being. These findings are discussed within the context of the wider international literature on bullying.","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2010.10446324
G. Kirwan
{"title":"Cyberpsychology: An Overview of Emerging Research in Emerging Environments","authors":"G. Kirwan","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2010.10446324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2010.10446330
L. Francis, M. Quesnell, C. Lewis
As part of a growing international research programme concerned with the correlates, antecedents and consequences of individual differences in attitude toward religion, the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity was translated into Czech. Data provided by a sample of 3,432 young people between the ages of 14 and 16 years attending secondary schools within the state-maintained sector supported the internal consistency, reliability and construct validity of this instrument and commended it for further use in studies conducted among young people in the Czech Republic.
{"title":"Assessing attitude toward Christianity among adolescents in the Czech Republic : the Francis scale","authors":"L. Francis, M. Quesnell, C. Lewis","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2010.10446330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446330","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a growing international research programme concerned with the correlates, antecedents and consequences of individual differences in attitude toward religion, the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity was translated into Czech. Data provided by a sample of 3,432 young people between the ages of 14 and 16 years attending secondary schools within the state-maintained sector supported the internal consistency, reliability and construct validity of this instrument and commended it for further use in studies conducted among young people in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2010.10446330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446299
R. Hill, V. Brunsden
This study focuses on firefighters who become casualties during occupational incidents involving colleague fatalities. It reports a case study of a single critical incident which occurred 14 years prior to the research being conducted. The incident resulted in serious casualties and deaths of both the general public and members of the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS). Relevant FRS personnel completed two measures of traumatic reactions, with all participants showing evidence of posttraumatic stress; scores indicated mild severity, but chronic duration of symptoms. Interviews were then conducted using a grounded theory approach. Three core categories emerged: coping strategies, aspects of guilt, and individual reliance on the watch (watches are close co-worker teams who provide cover on a shift rotation). Findings suggest that, when placed in a situation of extreme trauma where familiar coping strategies are inoperable, firefighters revert to excessive employment of avoidance. They become heavily reliant on w...
{"title":"‘Heroes’ as victims: Role reversal in the Fire andRescue Service","authors":"R. Hill, V. Brunsden","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446299","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on firefighters who become casualties during occupational incidents involving colleague fatalities. It reports a case study of a single critical incident which occurred 14 years prior to the research being conducted. The incident resulted in serious casualties and deaths of both the general public and members of the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS). Relevant FRS personnel completed two measures of traumatic reactions, with all participants showing evidence of posttraumatic stress; scores indicated mild severity, but chronic duration of symptoms. Interviews were then conducted using a grounded theory approach. Three core categories emerged: coping strategies, aspects of guilt, and individual reliance on the watch (watches are close co-worker teams who provide cover on a shift rotation). Findings suggest that, when placed in a situation of extreme trauma where familiar coping strategies are inoperable, firefighters revert to excessive employment of avoidance. They become heavily reliant on w...","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446304
L. O'Hare, C. McGuinness
The paper explores the factorial relationship between measures of critical thinking skills, non-verbal intelligence, and academic performance (A-levels and undergraduate degree marks). One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate psychology students (94 first years and 35 third years) participated by completing two subscales of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Set 1 (APM-S1); they also provided information on their A-level points and degree marks. An exploratory factor analysis grouped the CCTST subscales of evaluation and inference with the APM-S1. The resultant factor was named 'Reasoning skills', and the A-levels and degree marks formed a second factor named 'Academic knowledge'. Furthermore, third years scored significantly higher than first years on the CCTST evaluation subscale (effect size d = 0.56), and there was a moderate effect size difference between their CCTST inference subscale scores (effect size d = 0.31) but only small effect siz...
{"title":"Measuring critical thinking, intelligence and academic performance in psychology undergraduates","authors":"L. O'Hare, C. McGuinness","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446304","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the factorial relationship between measures of critical thinking skills, non-verbal intelligence, and academic performance (A-levels and undergraduate degree marks). One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate psychology students (94 first years and 35 third years) participated by completing two subscales of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Set 1 (APM-S1); they also provided information on their A-level points and degree marks. An exploratory factor analysis grouped the CCTST subscales of evaluation and inference with the APM-S1. The resultant factor was named 'Reasoning skills', and the A-levels and degree marks formed a second factor named 'Academic knowledge'. Furthermore, third years scored significantly higher than first years on the CCTST evaluation subscale (effect size d = 0.56), and there was a moderate effect size difference between their CCTST inference subscale scores (effect size d = 0.31) but only small effect siz...","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446297
L. Blaney
This grounded theory research explores UK firefighter perceptions of stress and coping, and describes the outcomes firefighters see as evidence of successful coping. Results of this study reinforce outcomes of similar research with Canadian firefighters who also reported that their levels of distress post–incident are decreased or mitigated through talking to others about their reactions and coping strategies. Both studies explicated social support, personal coping, and meaning–making as necessary components to firefighter coping, and critical incident stress management (CISM) as a vehicle to support firefighters in developing and maintaining those strategies. This study confirms that CISM ‘works’, not because it is a medical intervention, but because it is a health promotion concept embedded in the culture and coping of the fire service. Health promotion philosophy and practice are explicated, and implications of a health promotion model for firefighter stress are outlined.
{"title":"Beyond ‘knee jerk’ reaction: CISM as a health promotion construct","authors":"L. Blaney","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446297","url":null,"abstract":"This grounded theory research explores UK firefighter perceptions of stress and coping, and describes the outcomes firefighters see as evidence of successful coping. Results of this study reinforce outcomes of similar research with Canadian firefighters who also reported that their levels of distress post–incident are decreased or mitigated through talking to others about their reactions and coping strategies. Both studies explicated social support, personal coping, and meaning–making as necessary components to firefighter coping, and critical incident stress management (CISM) as a vehicle to support firefighters in developing and maintaining those strategies. This study confirms that CISM ‘works’, not because it is a medical intervention, but because it is a health promotion concept embedded in the culture and coping of the fire service. Health promotion philosophy and practice are explicated, and implications of a health promotion model for firefighter stress are outlined.","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"37-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446294
V. Brunsden, R. Hill
Provides an introduction for the articles in the special issue on Psychology and the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS). The seven papers in the issue make theoretical and empirical contributions to the psychological literature on fire and the FRS, and collectively form a compelling case for others to share their focus on this important topic area. Papers included in the issue consider diverse topics including the positive impact of fire through religious ritual, smoke alarm utility for special populations, the positive role of Critical Incident Stress Management, the unique situation offirefighters becoming victims of fire, the panic myth in disaster evacuations, industrial dispute in the FRS, and the experiences ofthose who love and live with firefighters.
{"title":"Editorial: Psychology and the Fire and RescueService","authors":"V. Brunsden, R. Hill","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446294","url":null,"abstract":"Provides an introduction for the articles in the special issue on Psychology and the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS). The seven papers in the issue make theoretical and empirical contributions to the psychological literature on fire and the FRS, and collectively form a compelling case for others to share their focus on this important topic area. Papers included in the issue consider diverse topics including the positive impact of fire through religious ritual, smoke alarm utility for special populations, the positive role of Critical Incident Stress Management, the unique situation offirefighters becoming victims of fire, the panic myth in disaster evacuations, industrial dispute in the FRS, and the experiences ofthose who love and live with firefighters.","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446300
C. Regehr
Of the multiple factors found to mediate distress secondary to traumatic exposure in firefighters, social support is consistently found to be associated with the occurrence of posttraumatic symptoms and depression. This paper reports four studies on social support in firefighters in order to provide a more comprehensive picture about the nature of social support in the fire service, and to explore factors that may enhance or undermine the social supports of firefighters. Results indicate that while social support is an important mediator of distress, social supports are lower in experienced firefighters than new recruits. The combined qualitative and quantitative findings suggest that the nature of the job of firefighting, and the culture of the organisation, place the social support network of firefighters at risk as a career evolves. This is an important consideration for firefighting organisations, and suggests that increased attention must be played to support families in order to ensure optimal healt...
{"title":"Social support as a mediator of psychological distress in firefighters","authors":"C. Regehr","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446300","url":null,"abstract":"Of the multiple factors found to mediate distress secondary to traumatic exposure in firefighters, social support is consistently found to be associated with the occurrence of posttraumatic symptoms and depression. This paper reports four studies on social support in firefighters in order to provide a more comprehensive picture about the nature of social support in the fire service, and to explore factors that may enhance or undermine the social supports of firefighters. Results indicate that while social support is an important mediator of distress, social supports are lower in experienced firefighters than new recruits. The combined qualitative and quantitative findings suggest that the nature of the job of firefighting, and the culture of the organisation, place the social support network of firefighters at risk as a career evolves. This is an important consideration for firefighting organisations, and suggests that increased attention must be played to support families in order to ensure optimal healt...","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446296
D. Bruck, I. Thomas
Strobe lights are recommended in the USA and elsewhere as a suitable emergency notification signal for waking the deafor hard ofhearing (NFPA 72, 2002 standard). This paper reviews the relevant literature, and reports on the waking effectiveness of strobe lights (177 candela or more) in comparison to the current high pitched smoke alarm and a low frequency square wave tone (520 Hz dominant frequency). The signals were activated at increasing intensity levels during slow wave (deep) sleep in two groups: (i) 38 adults aged 18–77 years with mild to moderately severe hearing loss in the range of 25–70dBA in both ears, and (ii) 32 young adults aged 18–26 years impaired with alcohol at 0.05 blood alcohol content. It was found that three quarters ofthe participants slept through the strobe light activated at above the recommended intensity of the standard. Further, adding a strobe light to a current smoke alarm signal is likely to be less effective at waking participants than sounding a low frequency square wave...
{"title":"Strobe lights versus auditory smoke alarm signals: Effectiveness for waking up selected populations","authors":"D. Bruck, I. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/03033910.2009.10446296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446296","url":null,"abstract":"Strobe lights are recommended in the USA and elsewhere as a suitable emergency notification signal for waking the deafor hard ofhearing (NFPA 72, 2002 standard). This paper reviews the relevant literature, and reports on the waking effectiveness of strobe lights (177 candela or more) in comparison to the current high pitched smoke alarm and a low frequency square wave tone (520 Hz dominant frequency). The signals were activated at increasing intensity levels during slow wave (deep) sleep in two groups: (i) 38 adults aged 18–77 years with mild to moderately severe hearing loss in the range of 25–70dBA in both ears, and (ii) 32 young adults aged 18–26 years impaired with alcohol at 0.05 blood alcohol content. It was found that three quarters ofthe participants slept through the strobe light activated at above the recommended intensity of the standard. Further, adding a strobe light to a current smoke alarm signal is likely to be less effective at waking participants than sounding a low frequency square wave...","PeriodicalId":91174,"journal":{"name":"The Irish journal of psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03033910.2009.10446296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59314355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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