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Psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury in Ireland: quality of life, appraisals and coping 爱尔兰脊髓损伤的心理调整:生活质量,评估和应对
Pub Date : 2011-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.613187
P. Kennedy, M. Nolan, E. Smithson
The study aimed to explore the relationships of appraisals, coping strategies and support with mood and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). A descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional design was employed. The study included 25 participants (Mean age=35.6 years, SD=13.51; 18 males and 7 females) who had been admitted to a specialist inpatient SCI centre in Dublin, Ireland following acute SCI. Participants were approached as soon as medically stable and invited to complete a variety of questionnaires upon commencement of active rehabilitation (approximately 12 weeks post-injury). The results showed that mood and QOL ratings were not affected by gender, age or employment status. Significant differences were found on several variables in relation to injury type. Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between participant's sense of coherence (SOC), appraisals and coping strategies in relation to their injury and scores on measures of depression and QOL. In...
本研究旨在探讨评价、应对策略和支持与脊髓损伤患者情绪和生活质量(QOL)的关系。采用描述性问卷横断面设计。研究纳入25名参与者(平均年龄35.6岁,SD=13.51;18名男性和7名女性)在急性脊髓损伤后被爱尔兰都柏林的一个专门的脊髓损伤住院中心收治。一旦病情稳定,就与参与者接触,并邀请他们在开始积极康复(受伤后约12周)时完成各种问卷调查。结果表明,情绪和生活质量评分不受性别、年龄和就业状况的影响。与损伤类型相关的几个变量存在显著差异。相关分析显示,被试在创伤相关的连贯感(SOC)、评价和应对策略与抑郁和生活质量量表得分之间存在显著相关。在…
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引用次数: 14
Childhood victimisation as a predictor of muscle dysmorphia in adult male bodybuilders 童年受害作为成年男性健美运动员肌肉畸形的预测因子
Pub Date : 2011-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.616289
D. Boyda, M. Shevlin
Recent studies show that body dissatisfaction in men is on the increase with particular emphasis on muscle dysmorphia (MD) which is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder characterised by a constricted focus on muscularity and fat levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of MD with childhood victimisation experiences and levels of anxiety and depression in a non-clinical sample of male bodybuilders. Fifty-one participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of three questionnaires; The Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales and The Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale. Results showed strong correlations between victimisation experiences and anxiety and depression. A direct effect between victimisation and MD was significant (B=34.3, p=0.02), while a mediated effect through anxiety was also significant (B=21.9, p=0.02). The pathway between childhood victimisation and MD is reinforced by negative psychopathology, particularly anxiety as it may...
最近的研究表明,男性对身体的不满正在增加,尤其是肌肉畸形(MD),这是身体畸形障碍的一种亚型,其特征是对肌肉和脂肪水平的关注受到限制。本研究旨在探讨MD与男性健美运动员童年受害经历、焦虑和抑郁水平的关系。51名参与者完成了一份由三份问卷组成的在线问卷;回溯性霸凌问卷、抑郁、焦虑及压力量表及肌肉外观满意度量表。结果显示,受害经历与焦虑和抑郁之间存在很强的相关性。受害与抑郁之间的直接影响显著(B=34.3, p=0.02),而焦虑介导的影响也显著(B=21.9, p=0.02)。消极的精神病理,特别是焦虑,强化了童年受害与MD之间的联系,因为它可能……
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引用次数: 30
Viability of a compensatory working memory model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 注意缺陷多动障碍的代偿性工作记忆模型的可行性
Pub Date : 2011-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.613191
S. Thurber, W. Sheehan, R. J. Roberts
A working memory dysfunction has been posited as a possible endophenotype for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Indeed, recent data tend to corroborate this construct as perhaps a core factor in accounting for the tripartite symptomatology of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattentiveness and impulsivity). Working memory is one of the executive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex. A challenging, yet to be solved, issue for the Working Memory Model of ADHD is that the typical onset of ADHD symptoms occurs prior to the central involvement of the anterior part of the brain in mediating behaviour. There are known prefrontal-subcortical brain circuits. The globus pallidus, a structure of the basal ganglia, is discussed with reference to having a working memory role in a subcortical-prefrontal network. We review neuroscience models of working memory together with multidisciplinary data leading to the hypothesis that subcortical malfunction in early childhood can result in storage of irrelevancies,...
工作记忆功能障碍被认为是注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的一种可能的内表型。事实上,最近的数据倾向于证实这种结构可能是解释多动症三重症状(多动、注意力不集中和冲动)的核心因素。工作记忆是前额皮质的执行功能之一。对于ADHD的工作记忆模型来说,一个具有挑战性但尚未解决的问题是,ADHD症状的典型发作发生在大脑前部参与调节行为之前。已知有前额叶-皮层下脑回路。苍白球是基底神经节的一个结构,讨论了在皮层下前额叶网络中具有工作记忆作用。我们回顾了工作记忆的神经科学模型,并结合多学科数据提出了儿童早期皮层下功能障碍可能导致不相关记忆的存储的假设。
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引用次数: 2
Intergenerational transmission of reciprocal role procedures, personality integrity and self-esteem in fathers and sons 父子间相互角色程序、人格完整性和自尊的代际传递
Pub Date : 2011-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.627064
Jessica Russell-Carroll, A. Tracey
Substantial past research has focused on the importance of the relationship and attachment styles of and between mothers and children. However, research into the domain of reciprocal roles, personality integrity and self-esteem that addresses in particular the relationship between fathers and sons, remains extremely sparse. This study was designed to assess the intergenerational transmission of reciprocal role procedures (RRPs), personality integrity and self-esteem between father–son and mother–son dyads. The study consisted of 36 family triads (mother/father/son), with 108 participants in total. The States Descriptions Procedure Questionnaire, The Personality Structure Questionnaire and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire were administered and qualitative data generated through compiling responses into common themes. Fathers and sons were not found to have more similar RRPs than mothers and sons. However, consistent with the findings of other studies, evidence for the intergenerational transmission ...
过去的大量研究都集中在母子关系和依恋类型的重要性上。然而,对互惠角色、人格完整性和自尊领域的研究,特别是针对父亲和儿子之间的关系,仍然非常稀少。本研究旨在评估父子和母子二代之间相互角色程序(RRPs)、人格完整性和自尊的代际传递。该研究由36个家庭三合会(母亲/父亲/儿子)组成,共有108名参与者。采用状态描述程序问卷、人格结构问卷和罗森博格自尊问卷进行问卷调查,通过将问卷的回答整理成共同的主题,获得定性数据。父亲和儿子的rrp并不比母亲和儿子更相似。然而,与其他研究结果一致,代际传播的证据……
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引用次数: 3
Current trends in the understanding and treatment of schizophrenia in an Irish context 当前趋势的理解和治疗精神分裂症在爱尔兰的背景下
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.611613
N. O'Dowd
There have been considerable efforts to develop appropriate and effective interventions aimed to address the wide range of difficulties associated with schizophrenia, including the individual's psychological, social and occupational functioning. This paper summarises the current understanding of the clinical features, course and diagnosis of schizophrenia. A number of psychosocial theories reflect how symptoms and difficulties associated with schizophrenia manifest and develop. The major interventions for schizophrenia and psychotic experiences reflecting current trends in our understanding of this complex disorder are reviewed. Available evidence indicates that some advances are being made to improve service provision for individuals with schizophrenia in Ireland.
为制定适当和有效的干预措施,包括个人的心理、社会和职业功能,已经作出了相当大的努力,以解决与精神分裂症有关的各种困难。本文综述了目前对精神分裂症的临床特征、病程和诊断的认识。许多社会心理理论反映了与精神分裂症相关的症状和困难是如何表现和发展的。对精神分裂症的主要干预措施和精神病经历反映了我们对这种复杂疾病的理解的当前趋势。现有证据表明,爱尔兰在改善为精神分裂症患者提供的服务方面正在取得一些进展。
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引用次数: 0
The psychological impact of male factor infertility and fertility treatment on men: a qualitative study 男性因素不育及生育治疗对男性的心理影响:一项定性研究
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.611253
M. Dooley, A. Nolan, K. Sarma
This study investigated the subjective experiences of males attending a fertility treatment unit due to male factor infertility (MFI). In particular, the study aimed to explore how infertile males construe their infertility and how this impacts on their psychological well-being. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine males and analysed using grounded theory. Three inter-dependent themes were identified: (1) Impact to Self, (2) Social Impact and (3) Relationship and Support. The men initially felt shocked and ‘abnormal’ at their diagnosis and the possibility of a childless future. They felt their role in treatment was primarily supportive, which meant having to relinquish control and ‘put on a brave face’. Socially, MFI was regarded as a stigma, and disclosure to others was rare. Aspirations towards a male hegemonic culture intensified same. The theme ‘Relationship and Support’ describes how a supportive partnership mitigated the impact of diagnosis and influenced how well the men were able to both g...
本研究调查男性因男性因素不育(MFI)而到生育治疗单位就诊的主观体验。特别是,该研究旨在探讨不育男性如何解释他们的不育,以及这对他们的心理健康有何影响。对9名男性进行了深度访谈,并使用扎根理论进行了分析。确定了三个相互依存的主题:(1)对自我的影响,(2)社会影响和(3)关系和支持。最初,这对夫妇对自己的诊断结果和未来可能没有孩子感到震惊和“不正常”。他们觉得自己在治疗中的角色主要是支持,这意味着必须放弃控制权,“装出一副勇敢的样子”。在社会上,小额信贷被视为一种耻辱,很少向他人披露。对男性霸权文化的渴望也加剧了。“关系和支持”的主题描述了支持性的伙伴关系如何减轻诊断的影响,并影响了男性如何能够更好地…
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引用次数: 27
Psycho-oncology best practice guidelines and a service perspective: conceptualising the fit and towards bridging the gap 精神肿瘤学最佳实践指南和服务视角:概念化适合和缩小差距
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.613980
N. Coleman, Natalie Hession, Allison Connolly
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, it provides a summary of psycho-oncology best practice guidelines from the UK, US, Australia and Canada. The second aim of this paper is the examination of how a service in Ireland has progressed in adopting these best practice guidelines. A Working Model of Psychology in Action is presented to illustrate the interplay of components currently influencing psycho-oncology in context. The benchmarking process delineates efforts aimed at realising the best practice principles and is helpful in understanding the strengths and also the limitations of the service. The exploration of the challenges in applying non-national guidelines also highlights systemic dimensions such as contextual, organisational, professional and cultural dynamics. With a view to the future, gaps in the guidelines as well as current and potential aims in service development in psycho-oncology in the broader field are discussed.
本文的目的是双重的。首先,它提供了来自英国、美国、澳大利亚和加拿大的精神肿瘤学最佳实践指南的总结。本文的第二个目的是检查爱尔兰的服务如何在采用这些最佳实践指南方面取得进展。心理学在行动的一个工作模型被提出,以说明目前影响心理肿瘤学在上下文中组成部分的相互作用。基准测试过程描述了旨在实现最佳实践原则的工作,有助于理解服务的优点和局限性。对应用非国家指导方针的挑战的探索也突出了系统层面,如背景、组织、专业和文化动态。展望未来,本文讨论了指南的不足之处,以及心理肿瘤学在更广泛领域服务发展的当前和潜在目标。
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引用次数: 8
Psychological characteristics of Irish clerical sexual offenders 爱尔兰神职人员性犯罪者的心理特征
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.610191
P. Randall, A. Carr, B. Dooley, B. Rooney
Controlled studies suggest that clerical child sexual offenders may be better adjusted psychologically than their lay counterparts, although no studies of Irish clerical offenders have been reported. The aim of this study was to compare clerical and non-clerical sexual offenders with a normal control group, within an Irish context, on broad-band personality traits and narrow-band psychological characteristics that have been identified as risk factors for child sexual abuse. Thirty clerical men and 73 laymen who had sexually abused children and 30 lay controls completed the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R), the Sexual Offender Assessment Pack (SOAP) and the Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI). The three groups differed significantly on 11 of 18 dependent variables. The only variable which distinguished between the two groups of offenders was conscientiousness, with clerical offenders being more conscientious than lay offenders. The two groups of offenders showed significantly lower self-esteem than...
对照研究表明,神职人员儿童性犯罪者可能比非神职人员的性犯罪者在心理上适应得更好,尽管没有关于爱尔兰神职人员性犯罪者的研究报道。这项研究的目的是比较神职人员和非神职人员的性犯罪者与正常对照组,在爱尔兰的背景下,在宽频人格特征和窄频心理特征方面,已被确定为儿童性虐待的风险因素。30名曾性侵儿童的神职人员、73名外行和30名外行对照完成了NEO人格量表修订版(NEO- pi - r)、性犯罪者评估包(SOAP)和多相性量表(MSI)。这三组在18个因变量中的11个上存在显著差异。区分两组罪犯的唯一变量是责任心,神职人员罪犯比非专业罪犯更认真。两组罪犯的自尊心明显低于……
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引用次数: 12
The role of pre-morbid personality in predicting rehabilitative outcome in people with acquired brain injury: a systematic review 病前人格在预测获得性脑损伤患者康复结果中的作用:一项系统综述
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.618444
L. Peoples, D. Fortune
Pre-morbid personality is often reported to be a significant factor in accounting for patients’ outcome following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). The purpose of the present systematic literature review was to examine the impact of pre-morbid personality on outcomes in people who have sustained an ABI. The Cochrane Register, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PUBMED, PsycINFO, Science Direct and EMBASE were systematically searched using specified keywords. Additionally, key journals were searched and reference lists of included studies were examined to identify further studies that might meet inclusion criteria. Moreover, a number of eminent international scholars who have published work in this area were contacted to help identify the possible existence of ‘difficult to source’ studies or papers in press. The systematic review identified 1098 peer-reviewed published papers (1990–2010). The sequential application of specified exclusion criteria subsequently reduced this number to four. All four studies were American an...
病态前人格通常被报道为考虑获得性脑损伤(ABI)患者预后的重要因素。本系统文献综述的目的是研究病态前人格对ABI患者预后的影响。使用指定关键词系统检索Cochrane Register、Web of Science、MEDLINE、PUBMED、PsycINFO、Science Direct和EMBASE。此外,检索了关键期刊,并检查了纳入研究的参考文献列表,以确定可能符合纳入标准的进一步研究。此外,我们联系了一些在这一领域发表过作品的知名国际学者,以帮助确定可能存在的“难以来源”的研究或出版的论文。该系统综述确定了1098篇同行评议的已发表论文(1990-2010)。指定排除标准的连续应用随后将这个数字减少到四个。所有四项研究都是在美国进行的……
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引用次数: 5
Psychology in action 心理学的作用
Pub Date : 2011-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2011.621730
B. McGuire, D. O’Hora, K. Sarma
As the science of the human mind and behaviour, psychology has enormous potential to impact our daily lives. This special issue of The Irish Journal of Psychology (IJP), titled Psychology in Action...
作为一门研究人类思想和行为的科学,心理学对我们的日常生活有着巨大的影响。本期《爱尔兰心理学杂志》(IJP)特刊题为《行动中的心理学》…
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Irish journal of psychology
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