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Detecting executive deficits in children with ADHD or acquired brain injury using the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) 使用行为评估执行障碍综合征(BADS)检测ADHD或获得性脑损伤儿童的执行缺陷
Pub Date : 2013-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.754323
A. Hughes, F. C. Wilson, K. Trew, H. Emslie
Relationships between executive functioning (EF), attention and behavioural inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or acquired brain injury (ABI) were explored using the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), a test battery originally developed for use with adults. Children with ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C; n=20), ABI (n=10) and matched controls (n=20) were administered a battery of EF tasks designed for adults. Executive functions including goal-directed behaviour, planning and organisational abilities, temporal judgement and set shifting ability were assessed using BADS. Literacy skills, sustained attention and behavioural inhibition were also assessed to explore potential associations between these cognitive domains. Significant differences between ADHD, ABI and controls were observed on measures of attention, behavioural inhibition and EF. Children with ADHD performed more poorly on tests of attention and inhibition. However, children with ADHD performed...
本研究采用一种最初为成人开发的测试方法——执行障碍综合征行为评估(BADS),探讨了患有注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)或获得性脑损伤(ABI)儿童的执行功能(EF)、注意力和行为抑制之间的关系。儿童多动症合并(ADHD-C;n=20), ABI (n=10)和匹配的对照组(n=20)进行了为成人设计的一系列EF任务。执行功能包括目标导向行为、计划和组织能力、时间判断和集合转移能力。研究人员还评估了读写能力、持续注意力和行为抑制能力,以探索这些认知领域之间的潜在联系。ADHD、ABI和对照组在注意、行为抑制和EF的测量上存在显著差异。患有多动症的儿童在注意力和抑制能力的测试中表现更差。然而,患有多动症的儿童表现……
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引用次数: 9
Essential differences: constructing frames of reference in spontaneous explanations of differences between the British and the Irish 本质差异:构建英国人与爱尔兰人差异自发解释的参考框架
Pub Date : 2013-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.754326
P. Hegarty
Past research has found that explanations of group differences focus attention on lower status and less prototypical social groups, whilst positioning higher status and more prototypical groups as the norm for comparison. The present experiment examined attention in explanations of national group differences. Two hundred and thirty-nine Irish and British students read vignettes that attributed either relatively more overconsumption of alcohol, or of fatty foods, to either Irish or British people, and wrote explanations of these group differences in their own words. As predicted, the explanations focused more on the group described as over-consumers. Participants did not explain the national out-group more than the national in-group and did not explain the Irish or the British more. Rather, explanations focused particularly on the Irish only when they were described as over-consumers of alcohol. These findings show flexibility in the setting of norms for comparison, and an influence of essentialist stereot...
过去的研究发现,对群体差异的解释将注意力集中在地位较低和原型较少的社会群体上,而将地位较高和原型较多的群体定位为比较的规范。本实验考察了在解释民族群体差异时的注意。239名爱尔兰和英国学生阅读了一篇小短文,其中将爱尔兰人和英国人相对较多的过度饮酒或高脂肪食物归咎于他们,并用他们自己的话来解释这些群体差异。正如预测的那样,这些解释更多地集中在被称为过度消费者的群体上。参与者对国家外群体的解释并不比对国家内群体的解释多,也没有对爱尔兰人或英国人的解释多。相反,只有当爱尔兰人被描述为过度饮酒者时,解释才会特别关注他们。这些发现显示了比较规范设置的灵活性,以及本质主义刻板印象的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment of psycho-social factors predicting recidivistic violent offenses within a sample of male prisoners 预测男性囚犯惯犯暴力犯罪的社会心理因素评估
Pub Date : 2013-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.754324
D. Boduszek, P. Hyland, Ashling Bourke, M. Shevlin, G. Adamson
The aim of current research was to investigate the role of prisonization, personality traits, and criminal social identity in predicting violent offending within a sample of recidivistic inmates from high security prison. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher frequency of imprisonments, higher levels of extraversion, higher levels of cognitive centrality and lower levels of in-group affect all predict a greater probability of committing a violent criminal act. These results provide a substantial contribution to the criminal psychology literature by further elucidating the intricate role of extraversion in the understanding of criminal behaviour, empirically demonstrating the importance of criminal social identity in the prediction of violent criminal behaviour, and providing additional support for the possible role of prisonization effects in the emergence of violent criminal behaviour.
本研究的目的是调查监禁、人格特征和罪犯社会身份在预测高安全级别监狱惯犯暴力犯罪中的作用。逻辑回归分析表明,监禁频率越高、外向性越高、认知中心性越高、群体内影响越低,都预示着暴力犯罪行为的可能性越大。这些结果进一步阐明了外向性在理解犯罪行为中的复杂作用,从经验上证明了罪犯社会身份在预测暴力犯罪行为中的重要性,并为监禁效应在暴力犯罪行为出现中的可能作用提供了额外的支持,为犯罪心理学文献做出了重大贡献。
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引用次数: 22
Special education policy in the Republic of Ireland and the influence of Circular 8/99 on a developing national educational psychology service 爱尔兰共和国的特殊教育政策和第8/99号通知对发展中的国家教育心理学服务的影响
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2001.10558284
S. Parkinson
This paper describes special education policy in the Republic oflreland. It also considers trends and developments in the provision for children with special educational needs as outlined in Circular 8/99 and will look at some of the intended and unintended consequences of this policy document. A range of implications is considered for individual psychologist practices and for a developing National Educational Psychological Service.
本文描述了爱尔兰共和国的特殊教育政策。委员会亦会考虑通告第8/99号所述在为有特殊教育需要的儿童提供服务方面的趋势和发展,并会研究本政策文件的一些预期和非预期后果。一系列的影响被认为是个别心理学家的做法和发展国家教育心理服务。
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引用次数: 1
The relationship between perceived acceptance, stigma and severity in a population with epilepsy 癫痫人群中感知接受、耻辱和严重程度之间的关系
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2001.10558281
Mairead Ni Eidhin, B. Mcleavey
The relationship between negative self-perception and epilepsy has been addressed in a number of studies but little is known about any association between perceived acceptance by others and various factors relating to epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate if perceived acceptance correlates with perceived stigma, perceived severity and a variety of factors associated with epilepsy. 52 individuals with a diagnosis of epilepsy attending an outpatient clinic participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires measuring aspects of epilepsy as well as perception of stigma, severity and acceptance by others. Results showed that type of epilepsy was significantly correlated with perception of stigma. Significant negative correlations were found between perceived stigma and perceived acceptance and between duration of epilepsy and perceived acceptance. It was concluded that perception of acceptance is related to the way in which the individual learned to cope with the diagnosis of epilepsy.
负面自我认知与癫痫之间的关系已在许多研究中得到解决,但对他人感知接受与癫痫相关的各种因素之间的关系知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查感知接受是否与感知耻辱、感知严重程度和与癫痫相关的各种因素相关。52名在门诊就诊的癫痫患者参与了这项研究。参与者完成了问卷调查,测量癫痫的各个方面,以及对耻辱的看法、严重程度和他人的接受程度。结果表明,癫痫类型与病耻感知觉显著相关。感知耻辱与感知接受之间、癫痫持续时间与感知接受之间存在显著负相关。结论是,接受感与个体学会应对癫痫诊断的方式有关。
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引用次数: 5
The personality profile of artists 艺术家的性格特征
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2001.10558286
Brenda Brin Booker, Michael Fearn, L. Francis
A sample of 63 male and 94 female artists completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. In comparison with the published nonnative data, both male and female artists recorded higher scores than men and women in general on the personality dimensions of neuroticism and psychoticism. Artistic creativity is associated with higher concentrations of the personality characteristics continuous with neurotic and psychotic disorders.
63名男性和94名女性艺术家完成了艾森克人格问卷。与已发表的非母语数据相比,男性和女性艺术家在神经质和精神病人格维度上的得分都高于男性和女性。艺术创造力与高度集中的人格特征相关联,并伴有神经症和精神病。
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引用次数: 12
Understanding student stress: A qualitative approach 理解学生压力:一种定性方法
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2001.10558278
D. Aherne
The present study is a qualitative investigation of the stress experienced by a group of 27 third level students. An interactianal approach to student stress is explored, based on the primacy of student developmental needs. Stress is examined in terms of the meaning of stressful experiences for individuals. Experiences are considered stressful when they involve threats to self-adequacy, where self-adequacy is understood as a basic human need. The data collected in the present study consists of a series of interviews carried out with each of the students over a three month period. The analysis of data reveals a number of patterns of stress, with pattern~ of academic over-identification, parental conflict and social inadequacy particularly noteworthy. Gender differences with regard to the need for separateness and belonging are highlighted and the relationship between stress and developmental needs is reinforced.
本研究对27名三年级学生所经历的压力进行了定性调查。基于学生发展需求的首要地位,探索了一种互动的方法来解决学生的压力。压力是根据个人压力经历的意义来研究的。当经历涉及到对自我充分性的威胁时,就被认为是有压力的,而自我充分性被理解为人类的基本需求。本研究收集的数据包括在三个月的时间里对每个学生进行的一系列访谈。对数据的分析揭示了许多压力模式,其中学业过度认同、父母冲突和社交不足的模式尤其值得注意。在需要分离和归属方面的性别差异得到强调,压力与发展需要之间的关系得到加强。
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引用次数: 36
Caring for older people: Does day care benefit carers? 照顾老年人:日托对照顾者有好处吗?
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2001.10558282
M. Fe, G. Kenny, M. Maclachan
This study examined the benefits to carers of a day care facility for older people, using a stress model of care as a framework. Participants were accessed through older people themselves, using convenience sampling. A semi-structured interview was used to obtain demographic details, the extent of assistance provided, and perceived needs of the carer. Carers completed measures of carer burden, psychological distress, perceived social support and coping styles. Although comments on the day centre were generally positive, attendance did not alleviate carer burden or distress, as measured here. Carer burden and support satisfaction were independently related to, and affected, psychological distress. Coping styles and perceived number of social supports were consistently unrelated to burden or distress. Results are discussed in relation to previous literature, and implications for service delivery considered, with particular reference to services for carers.
本研究以压力模型为框架,考察了老年人日托机构对护理人员的好处。参与者是通过老年人亲自访问的,采用方便抽样。采用半结构化访谈来获取人口统计细节、提供的援助程度和护理人员的感知需求。照顾者完成了照顾负担、心理困扰、感知社会支持和应对方式的测量。尽管对日托中心的评价总体上是积极的,但根据这里的测量,日托中心的出现并没有减轻照顾者的负担或痛苦。照顾者负担和支持满意度与心理困扰独立相关,并受其影响。应对方式和感知到的社会支持数量始终与负担或痛苦无关。结果讨论与先前的文献,并考虑服务提供的影响,特别是对护理人员的服务。
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引用次数: 0
Cyberbullying in Irish schools: an investigation of personality and self-concept 爱尔兰学校的网络欺凌:个性和自我概念的调查
Pub Date : 2012-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.677995
Lucie Corcoran, I. Connolly, M. O'moore
Cyberbullying has been defined as ‘an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself’. The aim of this research was to investigate cyberbullying in Irish secondary schools in relation to personality and self-concept. A sample of 876 students (n=534 male: 61%; n=342 female: 39%) aged between 12 and 16 years participated in the research. Respondents completed a Cyberbullying Questionnaire, the Jr. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Piers–Harris 2. A total of 6.3% reported cyber victimisation during the previous three months. Analysis of the Jr. EPQ indicated that victims of cyberbullying and victims of traditional bullying displayed significantly higher (p<0.05) neuroticism levels compared with non-involved students (i.e., those uninvolved either as bullies or victims). The cyber and traditional victims displayed similar patterns across personality and self-con...
网络欺凌被定义为“一个团体或个人利用电子联系方式,对无法轻易为自己辩护的受害者反复、长时间实施的具有攻击性的、故意的行为”。本研究的目的是调查爱尔兰中学网络欺凌与人格和自我概念的关系。样本为876名学生(n=534名男性:61%;N =342(女性:39%),年龄在12 - 16岁之间。被调查者完成了网络欺凌问卷、小艾森克人格问卷和皮尔斯-哈里斯问卷。在过去的三个月里,总共有6.3%的人报告了网络受害者。Jr. EPQ分析显示,网络欺凌受害者和传统欺凌受害者的神经质水平显著高于未参与的学生(即不参与欺凌者或受害者)(p<0.05)。网络受害者和传统受害者在性格和自我欺骗方面表现出相似的模式。
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引用次数: 56
An interpretive phenomenological account of the experiences of family carers of the elderly 老年人家庭照顾者经历的解释性现象学描述
Pub Date : 2012-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.677994
C. Kenny, K. Sarma, J. Egan
Research on family caregiving has focused on the quantitative as opposed to the qualitative investigation of the impact of caregiving on the health and psychological well-being of family carers. In this study, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore the subjective experience, needs and appraisals from the perspectives of family carers of older adults. Six family carers were recruited from a carer support group; one male and five female primary carers to an elderly family member with age or disease-related impairment. Two super-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis of interview transcripts. The first was labelled ‘feeling helpless to being wise’. The second, ‘perceptions of support’. The latter related to family carers' personal coping processes and self-constructions as carers, and to family carers' perceptions of support and predominant challenges of support seeking. Findings pointed to an evolving self-construction and explanatory framework for the tasks of caring among fami...
关于家庭照顾的研究侧重于对照顾对家庭照顾者的健康和心理健康影响的定量调查,而不是定性调查。本研究采用解释现象学分析(IPA)探讨老年人家庭照顾者的主观体验、需求和评价。从护理人员支持小组招募了六名家庭护理人员;一名男性和五名女性主要照顾者照顾一名有年龄或疾病相关损伤的老年家庭成员。在对采访记录的分析中,出现了两个超级主题。第一种是“对智慧感到无助”。第二,“对支持的认知”。后者涉及家庭照顾者的个人应对过程和作为照顾者的自我建构,以及家庭照顾者对支持的感知和寻求支持的主要挑战。研究结果指出了一个不断发展的自我建构和家庭照顾任务的解释框架。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
The Irish journal of psychology
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