S. Patil, Vihag Raman, Pradeep S Goudar, A. Patil, Priyanka Patil
INTRODUCTION: The patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a complex joint structure with high functional and biomechanical requirements. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for definition and characterization of knee pathology as it can accurately detect, localize, and characterize various pathologies of the knee joint. OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate MR images to identify different pathologies that are seen in the extensor compartment of the knee joint. (2) Quantitative assessment of patellofemoral measurements to determine predisposing risk factors that contribute to patellofemoral joint instability. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 with a sample size of 30 in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at The KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Belagavi. The data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The pro forma included sociodemographic profile of the study subjects, clinical presentation MRI to identify different pathologies that are seen in extensor compartment of the knee joint and quantitative assessment of patellofemoral measurements to determine predisposing risk factors that contribute to patellofemoral joint instability. RESULTS: Among the study population majority of people had normal synovium, laterally subluxated/dislocated patella. Among the study population, the majority had normal lateral trochlear inclination angle, normal trochlear facet asymmetry, normal trochlear depth, normal sulcus angle, and trochlear dysplasia. Twenty-four (80%) people had normal Insall–Salvati index, 27 (90%) people had normal lateral patella femoral angle, 25 (83.30%) people had normal lateralization of the patella, 28 (93.30%) people had normal tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance, majority, i.e., 11 (36.70%) had Hoffa's fat pad edema followed by chondromalacia patella, trochlear dysplasia, medial patellofemoral ligament tear, patella alta, synovial plicae, subluxated/dislocated patella, transient dislocated patella, Osgood–Schlatter disease, and patellar tendonitis. CONCLUSION: MRI has also been useful in identifying extensor compartment pathologies that lead to anterior knee pain.
{"title":"Role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of extensor compartment abnormalities of knee joint – A cross-sectional study","authors":"S. Patil, Vihag Raman, Pradeep S Goudar, A. Patil, Priyanka Patil","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_52_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_52_21","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a complex joint structure with high functional and biomechanical requirements. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for definition and characterization of knee pathology as it can accurately detect, localize, and characterize various pathologies of the knee joint. OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate MR images to identify different pathologies that are seen in the extensor compartment of the knee joint. (2) Quantitative assessment of patellofemoral measurements to determine predisposing risk factors that contribute to patellofemoral joint instability. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 with a sample size of 30 in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at The KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Belagavi. The data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The pro forma included sociodemographic profile of the study subjects, clinical presentation MRI to identify different pathologies that are seen in extensor compartment of the knee joint and quantitative assessment of patellofemoral measurements to determine predisposing risk factors that contribute to patellofemoral joint instability. RESULTS: Among the study population majority of people had normal synovium, laterally subluxated/dislocated patella. Among the study population, the majority had normal lateral trochlear inclination angle, normal trochlear facet asymmetry, normal trochlear depth, normal sulcus angle, and trochlear dysplasia. Twenty-four (80%) people had normal Insall–Salvati index, 27 (90%) people had normal lateral patella femoral angle, 25 (83.30%) people had normal lateralization of the patella, 28 (93.30%) people had normal tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance, majority, i.e., 11 (36.70%) had Hoffa's fat pad edema followed by chondromalacia patella, trochlear dysplasia, medial patellofemoral ligament tear, patella alta, synovial plicae, subluxated/dislocated patella, transient dislocated patella, Osgood–Schlatter disease, and patellar tendonitis. CONCLUSION: MRI has also been useful in identifying extensor compartment pathologies that lead to anterior knee pain.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"232 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82317960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS: Factors determining low fertility in Sikkim, India. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine the factors for the low fertility in Sikkim. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: The secondary objective was to find out the prevalence of contraceptive use and its types in Sikkim. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study Setting: The study was conducted in the State of Sikkim. Study Period: The study period was 1 year (from February 2020 to January 2021). Study Population: The study population was female counterpart of the eligible couple. An eligible couple refers to a currently couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age, which is between 15 and 49 years. Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were female counterparts of the eligible couple who consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria were male counterparts of the eligible couple. Study Tool: Structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to take the interview of the participants. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was seen that having two or more children was higher for mothers who had married below 30 years than after 30 years with 14.9% and 6.9%, respectively (P = 0.03) and maximum mothers belonged to 30–34 years age group. The perception of the family size of the mother was that three-fourth (76.1%) responded to having two children, whereas 10.7% perceived one child to be sufficient and 13.2% mentioned having three or more. The overall contraceptive prevalence rate was found to be 73.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Causes for low fertility rate are multifactorial; some important ones are the perception and practice of concise and small family size and high contraceptive prevalence rate.
{"title":"Decreasing fertility trend in Sikkim: An area of concern","authors":"B. Chauhan, D. Bhutia","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_5_22","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: Factors determining low fertility in Sikkim, India. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine the factors for the low fertility in Sikkim. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: The secondary objective was to find out the prevalence of contraceptive use and its types in Sikkim. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study Setting: The study was conducted in the State of Sikkim. Study Period: The study period was 1 year (from February 2020 to January 2021). Study Population: The study population was female counterpart of the eligible couple. An eligible couple refers to a currently couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age, which is between 15 and 49 years. Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were female counterparts of the eligible couple who consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria were male counterparts of the eligible couple. Study Tool: Structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to take the interview of the participants. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was seen that having two or more children was higher for mothers who had married below 30 years than after 30 years with 14.9% and 6.9%, respectively (P = 0.03) and maximum mothers belonged to 30–34 years age group. The perception of the family size of the mother was that three-fourth (76.1%) responded to having two children, whereas 10.7% perceived one child to be sufficient and 13.2% mentioned having three or more. The overall contraceptive prevalence rate was found to be 73.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Causes for low fertility rate are multifactorial; some important ones are the perception and practice of concise and small family size and high contraceptive prevalence rate.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"262 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83956509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chest imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic should ideally be reserved for patients with moderate-severe disease or in mild cases with worsening respiratory status. Lung cancer patients who contract COVID-19 have greater risk for severity, disease progression, early deterioration and high mortality as compared to the general population. Radiologists who are at the forefront of imaging technology have to take responsibility of notifying the managing physicians of the initial findings in lung cancer patients with suspected COVID-19 in order to implement precautionary measures. Optimal management strategies with intense surveillance measures have to be adopted in such patients during the pandemic to reduce disease burden and to achieve better prognostic outcomes related to lung cancer treatment
{"title":"Management strategies for tackling COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with lung cancer: Experience gained during the pandemic","authors":"Ravikanth Reddy","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Chest imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic should ideally be reserved for patients with moderate-severe disease or in mild cases with worsening respiratory status. Lung cancer patients who contract COVID-19 have greater risk for severity, disease progression, early deterioration and high mortality as compared to the general population. Radiologists who are at the forefront of imaging technology have to take responsibility of notifying the managing physicians of the initial findings in lung cancer patients with suspected COVID-19 in order to implement precautionary measures. Optimal management strategies with intense surveillance measures have to be adopted in such patients during the pandemic to reduce disease burden and to achieve better prognostic outcomes related to lung cancer treatment","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"325 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89201467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Carpentry and related jobs are the major occupations for a large number of people in the rural and urban areas of India which is mainly unorganized. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Carpentry work is unorganized informal sectors, particularly in developed countries such as India, and there is a lack of data on musculoskeletal disorders and the issues are being undermined nowadays, so we intend to study and evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among carpenters, analyzing major causes behind such predicaments with a special emphasis on working posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the present study, 148 male carpenters aged between 20-60 years were randomly taken from different wooden furniture manufacturing units in West Bengal, India, and 148 referent subjects from different working sectors with similar socioeconomic status who have been categorized depending upon their experience. Socio-demographic features along with physical measures, physiological status, working posture, and discomfort at different body parts were evaluated following standard protocol. RESULTS: Based on the observations, it was found that most of the carpenters were suffering from work-related health predicaments, mainly musculoskeletal problems due to awkward working posture. Some of the working postures adopted by carpenters were identified as very strenuous. They complain about pain during working hours and also during the rest period. It was observed that the head, neck, shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, waist, leg, knee, and ankle were majorly affected areas due to their repetitive nature of work with awkward posture. Body part discomfort rating showed that the lower back was mostly stressed and the elbow and leg were least. It was also found that their working place and their working environment and unergonomic tools make work more strenuous. CONCLUSION: So, some ergonomic interventions are required to improve the quality of life of the carpenter work, and scheduled rest-pause may enable the workers to recover from strain.
{"title":"Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevalent predicaments among carpenters of West Bengal, India","authors":"Kanu Biswas, Piya Majumdar, S. Sahu","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_48_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_48_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Carpentry and related jobs are the major occupations for a large number of people in the rural and urban areas of India which is mainly unorganized. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Carpentry work is unorganized informal sectors, particularly in developed countries such as India, and there is a lack of data on musculoskeletal disorders and the issues are being undermined nowadays, so we intend to study and evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among carpenters, analyzing major causes behind such predicaments with a special emphasis on working posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the present study, 148 male carpenters aged between 20-60 years were randomly taken from different wooden furniture manufacturing units in West Bengal, India, and 148 referent subjects from different working sectors with similar socioeconomic status who have been categorized depending upon their experience. Socio-demographic features along with physical measures, physiological status, working posture, and discomfort at different body parts were evaluated following standard protocol. RESULTS: Based on the observations, it was found that most of the carpenters were suffering from work-related health predicaments, mainly musculoskeletal problems due to awkward working posture. Some of the working postures adopted by carpenters were identified as very strenuous. They complain about pain during working hours and also during the rest period. It was observed that the head, neck, shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, waist, leg, knee, and ankle were majorly affected areas due to their repetitive nature of work with awkward posture. Body part discomfort rating showed that the lower back was mostly stressed and the elbow and leg were least. It was also found that their working place and their working environment and unergonomic tools make work more strenuous. CONCLUSION: So, some ergonomic interventions are required to improve the quality of life of the carpenter work, and scheduled rest-pause may enable the workers to recover from strain.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"211 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79218505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_137_21
S. Swain
Myoclonus is an involuntary, sudden jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. Middle ear myoclonus (MEM) is an idiopathic clinical entity attributed to causing abnormal repetitive contractions of the tensor tympani and/or stapedius muscles. MEM is an uncommon disorder produced by repetitive contractions of the middle ear muscles. In MEM, the objective tinnitus is produced by synchronous repetitive contraction of the tensor tympani and/or stapedius muscle. The exact etiology of MEM remains unclear. The diagnosis of MEM is often based on the history of rhythmic and involuntary clicking or buzzing tinnitus which is invariably unilateral. The important differential diagnosis of the MEM is palatal myoclonus while other local otological diseases must be excluded with careful clinical examination. Transcanal microscopic/endoscopic middle ear exploration with the injection of botulinum toxin into the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles is helpful to relieve the symptoms of MEM. This approach is both helpful as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool that allows temporary paralysis of the middle ear muscles before providing definitive surgical treatment. The surgical section of the middle ear muscles through tympanotomy is an excellent treatment option for MEM. There are not adequate research articles available concerning MEM and mainly case reports and few case series are available during the literature search. Proper methods for diagnosis and treatment of MEM are helpful to early resolution of the symptoms and enhance the quality of life. Here, this review article is attempting to discuss the etiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of MEM. Literature search for MEM was done from the database of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar search with the use of the words MEM, middle ear muscles contractions, symptoms of MEM, diagnosis of MEM, and treatment of MEM.
{"title":"Middle ear myoclonus","authors":"S. Swain","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_137_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_137_21","url":null,"abstract":"Myoclonus is an involuntary, sudden jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. Middle ear myoclonus (MEM) is an idiopathic clinical entity attributed to causing abnormal repetitive contractions of the tensor tympani and/or stapedius muscles. MEM is an uncommon disorder produced by repetitive contractions of the middle ear muscles. In MEM, the objective tinnitus is produced by synchronous repetitive contraction of the tensor tympani and/or stapedius muscle. The exact etiology of MEM remains unclear. The diagnosis of MEM is often based on the history of rhythmic and involuntary clicking or buzzing tinnitus which is invariably unilateral. The important differential diagnosis of the MEM is palatal myoclonus while other local otological diseases must be excluded with careful clinical examination. Transcanal microscopic/endoscopic middle ear exploration with the injection of botulinum toxin into the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles is helpful to relieve the symptoms of MEM. This approach is both helpful as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool that allows temporary paralysis of the middle ear muscles before providing definitive surgical treatment. The surgical section of the middle ear muscles through tympanotomy is an excellent treatment option for MEM. There are not adequate research articles available concerning MEM and mainly case reports and few case series are available during the literature search. Proper methods for diagnosis and treatment of MEM are helpful to early resolution of the symptoms and enhance the quality of life. Here, this review article is attempting to discuss the etiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of MEM. Literature search for MEM was done from the database of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar search with the use of the words MEM, middle ear muscles contractions, symptoms of MEM, diagnosis of MEM, and treatment of MEM.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"179 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82686626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruchira Mukherjee, Koumi Dutta, Devashish Sen, S. Sahu, A. Mukhopadhyay
BACKGROUND: Heavy schoolbag carriage induces pain and fatigue in children. It can alter the handgrip strength (HGS) in children – an important parameter given that most activities in school curriculum require hand dexterity. The purpose of this study is to explore if and how schoolbag carriage influence HGS in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five healthy male participants (10–15 years) walked without schoolbag (0% load of bodyweight) or with schoolbags (weighing 4%, 8%, 12%, or 16% of their bodyweight) for 20 min on plane surface at preferred pace. The number of steps taken during walk was measured using pedometer. HGS was measured before and after each walk using dynamometer. The heart rate during walk was measured using Polar HR monitor. Pain occurrence in the entire body was mapped. RESULTS: HGS averaged for both hand decreased from 17.8 (±6.72) kg to 17.3 (±6.28) kg after 20-min walk (P = 0.033, paired sample t-test). The adopted speed and heart rate was higher when carrying a schoolbag but it portrayed no significant association with HGS. Occurrence of shoulder pain significantly associated with increasing in HGS of right hand after walking (Phi coefficient = 0.21[P = 0.030]). If shoulder pain was perceived during walk, there was a 2.5 times higher likelihood that the participants' HGS for right hand increased (odd's ratio = 2.515, 95% confidence interval = 1.086–5.825). CONCLUSION: Schoolbag carriage reduces HGS in children. Therefore, performing upper body conditioning exercises may help ameliorate the ill effects of heavy backpack carriage.
{"title":"Alterations of hand muscle strength in children due to schoolbag carriage","authors":"Ruchira Mukherjee, Koumi Dutta, Devashish Sen, S. Sahu, A. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Heavy schoolbag carriage induces pain and fatigue in children. It can alter the handgrip strength (HGS) in children – an important parameter given that most activities in school curriculum require hand dexterity. The purpose of this study is to explore if and how schoolbag carriage influence HGS in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five healthy male participants (10–15 years) walked without schoolbag (0% load of bodyweight) or with schoolbags (weighing 4%, 8%, 12%, or 16% of their bodyweight) for 20 min on plane surface at preferred pace. The number of steps taken during walk was measured using pedometer. HGS was measured before and after each walk using dynamometer. The heart rate during walk was measured using Polar HR monitor. Pain occurrence in the entire body was mapped. RESULTS: HGS averaged for both hand decreased from 17.8 (±6.72) kg to 17.3 (±6.28) kg after 20-min walk (P = 0.033, paired sample t-test). The adopted speed and heart rate was higher when carrying a schoolbag but it portrayed no significant association with HGS. Occurrence of shoulder pain significantly associated with increasing in HGS of right hand after walking (Phi coefficient = 0.21[P = 0.030]). If shoulder pain was perceived during walk, there was a 2.5 times higher likelihood that the participants' HGS for right hand increased (odd's ratio = 2.515, 95% confidence interval = 1.086–5.825). CONCLUSION: Schoolbag carriage reduces HGS in children. Therefore, performing upper body conditioning exercises may help ameliorate the ill effects of heavy backpack carriage.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"266 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86936236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most people usually throw unused or expired medicines at open landfill sites or isolated locations completely inadvertently due to the consequences and lack of drug disposal facilities. Thus, our field of investigation focuses on whether disposal medicine has any direct effect on various life forms, including humans. This investigation describes how medicinal metabolites develop through wastewater that continuously enters the aquifer and soil environment. Since the discharge of toxic drugs has antibacterial activity, loss of soil fertility, aquatic species have a feminizing effect in males, and bioaccumulation affects inland animals including humans promote global consequences, and thus food affects the chain. Thus, a review of this study might furnish a good conception on the issue of lapsed pharmaceutical wastage and its effect on biological networks. The work concludes with better knowledge about the current conditions of drug wastage around the world, including India, and how biologically active ingredients can have devastating effects on the metabolism of various life forms in the ecological community. This article can also be very useful for understanding, aware and cautioning about the future consequences of drugs by people carelessly in the environment, and turning the brain to the urgent need for a strict and complete proof policy on its safe dumping so that its harmful effects on the environment can be minimized.
{"title":"Effect of expired pharmaceutical dumping on ecological community","authors":"D. Vishwas","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Most people usually throw unused or expired medicines at open landfill sites or isolated locations completely inadvertently due to the consequences and lack of drug disposal facilities. Thus, our field of investigation focuses on whether disposal medicine has any direct effect on various life forms, including humans. This investigation describes how medicinal metabolites develop through wastewater that continuously enters the aquifer and soil environment. Since the discharge of toxic drugs has antibacterial activity, loss of soil fertility, aquatic species have a feminizing effect in males, and bioaccumulation affects inland animals including humans promote global consequences, and thus food affects the chain. Thus, a review of this study might furnish a good conception on the issue of lapsed pharmaceutical wastage and its effect on biological networks. The work concludes with better knowledge about the current conditions of drug wastage around the world, including India, and how biologically active ingredients can have devastating effects on the metabolism of various life forms in the ecological community. This article can also be very useful for understanding, aware and cautioning about the future consequences of drugs by people carelessly in the environment, and turning the brain to the urgent need for a strict and complete proof policy on its safe dumping so that its harmful effects on the environment can be minimized.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"192 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_131_21
Sonali Desai, Rajiv D Limbasiya
OBJECTIVES: Bell's palsy is a condition of unilateral facial paralysis with the recovery rate varying from person to person. Various factors influence the prognosis of Bell's palsy subjects. Hence, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between recovery of Bell's palsy and demographic, anthropometric, and the presence of comorbid diseases. METHODOlOGY: A correlation study was conducted on a total of 70 (both male and female) subjects. Independent outcome measures were age, gender, side, height, weight, body mass index, presence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Dependent outcome measure was Sunnybrook Facial Grading System which grades the recovery following Bell's palsy. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, after 20 days, and after 1 month. RESULTS: Statistical analysis indicates that age, weight, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia have a significant correlation with recovery in Bell's palsy patients. CONCLUSION: The positive correlation between weight and recovery indicated that low weight leads to delayed recovery. A negative correlation of recovery with age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia indicates that increased age leads to delayed or incomplete recovery and the presence of comorbid diseases leads to delayed/incomplete recovery.
{"title":"Effect of demographic factors, anthropometric factors, and comorbid diseases on recovery in the Bell's palsy subjects – A correlation study","authors":"Sonali Desai, Rajiv D Limbasiya","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_131_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_131_21","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Bell's palsy is a condition of unilateral facial paralysis with the recovery rate varying from person to person. Various factors influence the prognosis of Bell's palsy subjects. Hence, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between recovery of Bell's palsy and demographic, anthropometric, and the presence of comorbid diseases. METHODOlOGY: A correlation study was conducted on a total of 70 (both male and female) subjects. Independent outcome measures were age, gender, side, height, weight, body mass index, presence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Dependent outcome measure was Sunnybrook Facial Grading System which grades the recovery following Bell's palsy. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, after 20 days, and after 1 month. RESULTS: Statistical analysis indicates that age, weight, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia have a significant correlation with recovery in Bell's palsy patients. CONCLUSION: The positive correlation between weight and recovery indicated that low weight leads to delayed recovery. A negative correlation of recovery with age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia indicates that increased age leads to delayed or incomplete recovery and the presence of comorbid diseases leads to delayed/incomplete recovery.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"09 1","pages":"220 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86213810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Reddy, Sandhya Ghodke, R. Hiremath, Smita M. Nimbannavar, MaheshKrishna Kulkarni
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of thoracic epidural and ultrasound-guided (USG) erector spinae plane block in pediatric thoracic surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients undergoing elective thoracic surgeries – videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgeries were divided into two groups, Group A – who received single-shot thoracic epidural using 0.125% bupivacaine in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg and Group B – who received USG erector spinae block (ESP block) using 0.125% bupivacaine in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. Postprocedure visual analog scale (VAS) score was used to assess pain for the first 24 h. Pain assessment was done 6th hourly. Time of the first requirement of analgesics was noted and injection paracetamol 15 mg/kg intravenously was given as rescue analgesic. RESULTS: In Group A, VAS scores were higher compared to Group B. The duration of analgesia with single-shot epidural lasted for about 4–6 h postoperative whereas that with ESP block lasted for 8 or 10 h postoperatively. The time of the first requirement of analgesics was earlier in Group A compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: USG ESP block provides better analgesia compared to thoracic epidural.
{"title":"Comparison of thoracic epidural and ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block in pediatric thoracic surgeries","authors":"N. Reddy, Sandhya Ghodke, R. Hiremath, Smita M. Nimbannavar, MaheshKrishna Kulkarni","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_20_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of thoracic epidural and ultrasound-guided (USG) erector spinae plane block in pediatric thoracic surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients undergoing elective thoracic surgeries – videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgeries were divided into two groups, Group A – who received single-shot thoracic epidural using 0.125% bupivacaine in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg and Group B – who received USG erector spinae block (ESP block) using 0.125% bupivacaine in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. Postprocedure visual analog scale (VAS) score was used to assess pain for the first 24 h. Pain assessment was done 6th hourly. Time of the first requirement of analgesics was noted and injection paracetamol 15 mg/kg intravenously was given as rescue analgesic. RESULTS: In Group A, VAS scores were higher compared to Group B. The duration of analgesia with single-shot epidural lasted for about 4–6 h postoperative whereas that with ESP block lasted for 8 or 10 h postoperatively. The time of the first requirement of analgesics was earlier in Group A compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: USG ESP block provides better analgesia compared to thoracic epidural.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"271 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80641482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Afolabi, Kenechukwu Uche-Okonkwo, Nasiru Shittu, S. Ayodele, N. Busari, S. Segun-Busari, H. Omokanye, S. Idris, B. Alabi, A. Dunmade, F. Ologe
BACKGROUND: The background of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) before and after endoscopic sinus surgery Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational prospective cohort study carried out at the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Both of which are tertiary-level hospitals in North-Central Nigeria offering advanced rhinology services after ethical approval was obtained. The total score for each subject was derived from the 22-item psychometrically validated self-administered SNOT-22 questionnaire. Lower scores postoperatively represent better health-related QoL (HRQOL). RESULTS: A preliminary report of 40 consecutive patients with rhinosinusitis were enrolled. There were 19 males and 21 females aged between 16 and 80 years (mean age: 34.95 ± 2.69 years). There was a significant improvement in SNOT-22 scores from the preoperative period: 37–88 (mean: 67.45 ± 15.10) to 22–43 (mean: 31.73 ± 5.61) 6 weeks after surgery, giving a percentage improvement of 52.97% (P = 0.0002), thus statistically significant. CONCLUSION: SNOT-22 tool is a valuable tool to evaluate the HRQOL of patients with CRS and endoscopic sinus surgery as surgical intervention improves the HRQOL of patients with reduction in the mean score of all items in the SNOT-22 in the postoperative state compared to the preoperative state.
{"title":"Evaluation of quality of life using Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis postendoscopic sinus surgery: A preliminary report","authors":"A. Afolabi, Kenechukwu Uche-Okonkwo, Nasiru Shittu, S. Ayodele, N. Busari, S. Segun-Busari, H. Omokanye, S. Idris, B. Alabi, A. Dunmade, F. Ologe","doi":"10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_49_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_49_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The background of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) before and after endoscopic sinus surgery Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational prospective cohort study carried out at the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Both of which are tertiary-level hospitals in North-Central Nigeria offering advanced rhinology services after ethical approval was obtained. The total score for each subject was derived from the 22-item psychometrically validated self-administered SNOT-22 questionnaire. Lower scores postoperatively represent better health-related QoL (HRQOL). RESULTS: A preliminary report of 40 consecutive patients with rhinosinusitis were enrolled. There were 19 males and 21 females aged between 16 and 80 years (mean age: 34.95 ± 2.69 years). There was a significant improvement in SNOT-22 scores from the preoperative period: 37–88 (mean: 67.45 ± 15.10) to 22–43 (mean: 31.73 ± 5.61) 6 weeks after surgery, giving a percentage improvement of 52.97% (P = 0.0002), thus statistically significant. CONCLUSION: SNOT-22 tool is a valuable tool to evaluate the HRQOL of patients with CRS and endoscopic sinus surgery as surgical intervention improves the HRQOL of patients with reduction in the mean score of all items in the SNOT-22 in the postoperative state compared to the preoperative state.","PeriodicalId":9122,"journal":{"name":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"245 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83029007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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