Pub Date : 2017-02-06DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000232
V. Ch, J. Prakash, Md. Tashfeen Ashraf, Varsha Gupta
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and prevalent joint disease resulting in degenerative changes in the cartilage. Now-a-days vitamin-D is emerging as an important component which has a wide biological effects. The studies are evaluating the beneficial effects of vitamin-D in osteoarthritis therefore the present investigation was planned to analyze i) levels of vitamin-D in selected controls and OA patients, ii) monitor gene expression changes in CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and CYP27A1, whose products are involved in vitamin D metabolism. Our result shows that there was no significant difference in the vitamin-D levels in OA versus controls. The mean vitamin D levels in controls was 35.9 ng/ml (3 had ViD<20g/ml) and in OA patients was 35.66 ng/ml (3 had Vit D<20ng/ml). However gene expression of CYP2R1, CYP3A4 was reduced CYP24A1, CYP27B1 showed no variation in expression and CYP27A1 was upregulated in OA patients as compared to control. We could not observe significant difference in the levels of vitamin D in control and patient showing that onset of primary OA may not be because of vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D may not be responsible for symptoms of OA. However its supplementation may have therapeutic benefits to all including control and patients as vitamin D levels are not optimum in both. Lower gene expression of cytochrome p 450 genes suggest some effects on OA patients but these are related to age or post-menopausal stage or OA is not clear as in our study we were unable to obtain primary OA patients without any comorbidity with <55 years of age. OA in less than 55 years are mostly associated with comorbid conditions as diabetes, hypertention, thyroid, obesity, chronic gastrointestinal disturbance, kidney or liver disease, with trauma etc.
{"title":"Can Vitamin D Slow Progression of Osteoarthritis","authors":"V. Ch, J. Prakash, Md. Tashfeen Ashraf, Varsha Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and prevalent joint disease resulting in degenerative changes in the cartilage. Now-a-days vitamin-D is emerging as an important component which has a wide biological effects. The studies are evaluating the beneficial effects of vitamin-D in osteoarthritis therefore the present investigation was planned to analyze i) levels of vitamin-D in selected controls and OA patients, ii) monitor gene expression changes in CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and CYP27A1, whose products are involved in vitamin D metabolism. Our result shows that there was no significant difference in the vitamin-D levels in OA versus controls. The mean vitamin D levels in controls was 35.9 ng/ml (3 had ViD<20g/ml) and in OA patients was 35.66 ng/ml (3 had Vit D<20ng/ml). However gene expression of CYP2R1, CYP3A4 was reduced CYP24A1, CYP27B1 showed no variation in expression and CYP27A1 was upregulated in OA patients as compared to control. We could not observe significant difference in the levels of vitamin D in control and patient showing that onset of primary OA may not be because of vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D may not be responsible for symptoms of OA. However its supplementation may have therapeutic benefits to all including control and patients as vitamin D levels are not optimum in both. Lower gene expression of cytochrome p 450 genes suggest some effects on OA patients but these are related to age or post-menopausal stage or OA is not clear as in our study we were unable to obtain primary OA patients without any comorbidity with <55 years of age. OA in less than 55 years are mostly associated with comorbid conditions as diabetes, hypertention, thyroid, obesity, chronic gastrointestinal disturbance, kidney or liver disease, with trauma etc.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48736805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-20DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000231
Sivasubramaniyan, K. Venkataramaniah
Aim: This study aims to propose the utility of Scintimetric Characterization of the tracer activity uptake in the joints afflicted by Rheumatoid arthritis in the bone scans. Materials and method: Three out of five patients of confirmed Rheumatoid arthritis who had bone scans for Bone and joint pains showed presence of skeletal hot spots in various joints. They were subjected to the scintimetric evaluation of the skeletal hot spots by Dr. V. Siva’s retention ratio by repeating the 24 hr delayed bone scans. The 58 skeletal hotspots seen in various joint spaces were subjected to the calculation of maximum counts in 3 hr and 24 hr bone scans. They were tabulated and 3/24 hr Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio was calculated and analysed. Results: They showed a mean of 5.91 ± 0.35 and standard error of means as 0.3496. The estimated variance was 8.8408 and the estimated standard deviation was 2.9734. For this sample size the estimated variance was 6.6306 and estimated standard deviation was 2.575 by HOJO’s modification. This was unavoidable due to very small size of the Sample population. Conclusion: Thus this study had shown that the scintimetric evaluation of the skeletal hotspots in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients showed a definitive benign value. This could provide a firm base line value to assess the response to treatment and progression as well.
目的:本研究的目的是提出在骨骼扫描中对类风湿关节炎关节示踪剂活性摄取的荧光定量表征的效用。材料和方法:5例确诊的类风湿关节炎患者中，有3例进行骨和关节疼痛骨扫描，在不同关节处存在骨骼热点。通过重复24小时延迟骨扫描，采用Dr. V. Siva保留率对骨骼热点进行科学评估。在不同关节间隙中观察到的58个骨骼热点在3小时和24小时骨扫描中进行了最大计数计算。将其制成表格，计算并分析3/24小时Dr. V. Siva的滞留率。结果:平均值为5.91±0.35，平均值标准误差为0.3496。估计方差为8.8408，估计标准差为2.9734。对于该样本量，经HOJO修正，估计方差为6.6306，估计标准差为2.575。由于样本人口规模很小，这是不可避免的。结论:本研究表明类风湿关节炎患者骨骼热点的科学评价具有明确的良性价值。这可以为评估治疗反应和进展提供一个可靠的基线值。
{"title":"Scintimetric Evaluation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Involvement by Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio-(Preliminary Report)","authors":"Sivasubramaniyan, K. Venkataramaniah","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to propose the utility of Scintimetric Characterization of the tracer activity uptake in the joints afflicted by Rheumatoid arthritis in the bone scans. Materials and method: Three out of five patients of confirmed Rheumatoid arthritis who had bone scans for Bone and joint pains showed presence of skeletal hot spots in various joints. They were subjected to the scintimetric evaluation of the skeletal hot spots by Dr. V. Siva’s retention ratio by repeating the 24 hr delayed bone scans. The 58 skeletal hotspots seen in various joint spaces were subjected to the calculation of maximum counts in 3 hr and 24 hr bone scans. They were tabulated and 3/24 hr Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio was calculated and analysed. Results: They showed a mean of 5.91 ± 0.35 and standard error of means as 0.3496. The estimated variance was 8.8408 and the estimated standard deviation was 2.9734. For this sample size the estimated variance was 6.6306 and estimated standard deviation was 2.575 by HOJO’s modification. This was unavoidable due to very small size of the Sample population. Conclusion: Thus this study had shown that the scintimetric evaluation of the skeletal hotspots in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients showed a definitive benign value. This could provide a firm base line value to assess the response to treatment and progression as well.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000257
M. Nair
The knee is the most common lower limb joint affected with Osteoarthritis (OA), which is a debilitating illness. The relationship between OA knee and running is not clear-cut, yet they are always associated with one another. The multitude of people suffering from lifestyle diseases is approaching epidemic proportions and Governments have to spend millions of dollars to manage these disorders. This has forced authorities to think about primary prevention rather than managing them after their onset. Slowly and steadily, the awareness about physical activity is increasing among the public. Due to this, there has been a surge in the number of people participating in activities for health reasons. The number of people taking part in running has also increased significantly. Many people resort to jogging and running because it is cost effective and convenient when compared to other types of exercises which need equipment or memberships. However, in addition to this, the concerns of damage to the knee joint have attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers. The common notion is that running damages the knees. Recent studies show that this concern is misplaced. The existing scientific evidence could not establish a link between the two, except in joints with a history of previous injury. Interestingly, results of some studies show that the chances of undergoing surgery for OA are less in runners. This article reviews the relevance of high-quality literature that looks at the link between running and the development of knee osteoarthritis.
{"title":"Knee Osteoarthritis and Running: Is there any Evidence for Association?","authors":"M. Nair","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000257","url":null,"abstract":"The knee is the most common lower limb joint affected with Osteoarthritis (OA), which is a debilitating illness. The relationship between OA knee and running is not clear-cut, yet they are always associated with one another. The multitude of people suffering from lifestyle diseases is approaching epidemic proportions and Governments have to spend millions of dollars to manage these disorders. This has forced authorities to think about primary prevention rather than managing them after their onset. Slowly and steadily, the awareness about physical activity is increasing among the public. Due to this, there has been a surge in the number of people participating in activities for health reasons. The number of people taking part in running has also increased significantly. Many people resort to jogging and running because it is cost effective and convenient when compared to other types of exercises which need equipment or memberships. However, in addition to this, the concerns of damage to the knee joint have attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers. The common notion is that running damages the knees. Recent studies show that this concern is misplaced. The existing scientific evidence could not establish a link between the two, except in joints with a history of previous injury. Interestingly, results of some studies show that the chances of undergoing surgery for OA are less in runners. This article reviews the relevance of high-quality literature that looks at the link between running and the development of knee osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000244
Y. ElMiedany, M. Elgaafary, S. Youssef, Samah Almedany, S. Bahlas, M. Hegazi
Objective: Classify comorbidities with greatest impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. Develop and validate a prospectively applicable comorbidity index for classifying RA patients according to their comorbid disorders which might impact alter their hospitalization and mortality risk. Methods: A weighted index which considers the number and impact of comorbid conditions was developed based on clinical registry of a cohort of 2029 patients with early RA monitored over 10-years. Logistic and Cox Regression analyses were implemented to estimate the risk of mortality. Regression coefficients were used to develop the index score. ROC curve for the invented index was used to evaluate the discriminating ability of the index and identify different cutoff values that can delineate patients at different stages for risk of death. Disease activity parameters were considered. Results: Comorbidities (18 conditions) were strongly associated with the 10-year death risk, and composed the RA-comorbidity index, include Cardiovascular (7 comorbidities), infection, osteoporotic fractures, falls risk, Depression/anxiety, functional status (HAQ >2), diabetes mellitus, steroid therapy >5 mg, DAS-28 >3.2), renal/liver/ lung disease and tumors. Considering the comorbidities number, the comorbidities adjusted relative risk were employed as weights to develop a weighted index. Validation using ROC curve revealed AUC of 97%. Conclusion: The RA-comorbidity index is a valid method for assessing risk of death in RA patients. The index enables the treating physician to include comorbidities valuation and treatment in their standard practice. It can be used to identify targets, predict resource utilization, and detect the potential targets for lowering high costs, by prospectively recognizing RA patients at high risk.
{"title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Comorbidity Index (RACI): Development and Validation of a New Comorbidity Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"Y. ElMiedany, M. Elgaafary, S. Youssef, Samah Almedany, S. Bahlas, M. Hegazi","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Classify comorbidities with greatest impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. Develop and validate a prospectively applicable comorbidity index for classifying RA patients according to their comorbid disorders which might impact alter their hospitalization and mortality risk. Methods: A weighted index which considers the number and impact of comorbid conditions was developed based on clinical registry of a cohort of 2029 patients with early RA monitored over 10-years. Logistic and Cox Regression analyses were implemented to estimate the risk of mortality. Regression coefficients were used to develop the index score. ROC curve for the invented index was used to evaluate the discriminating ability of the index and identify different cutoff values that can delineate patients at different stages for risk of death. Disease activity parameters were considered. Results: Comorbidities (18 conditions) were strongly associated with the 10-year death risk, and composed the RA-comorbidity index, include Cardiovascular (7 comorbidities), infection, osteoporotic fractures, falls risk, Depression/anxiety, functional status (HAQ >2), diabetes mellitus, steroid therapy >5 mg, DAS-28 >3.2), renal/liver/ lung disease and tumors. Considering the comorbidities number, the comorbidities adjusted relative risk were employed as weights to develop a weighted index. Validation using ROC curve revealed AUC of 97%. Conclusion: The RA-comorbidity index is a valid method for assessing risk of death in RA patients. The index enables the treating physician to include comorbidities valuation and treatment in their standard practice. It can be used to identify targets, predict resource utilization, and detect the potential targets for lowering high costs, by prospectively recognizing RA patients at high risk.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000255
Meena Gl, M. Razak, Surbhi Gupta
Brown tumors are focal bone lesions, caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle. Clinically significant lesions in the craniofacial bones are rare Brown tumors are focal reactive osteolytic lesions caused by hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and represent the terminal stage of the hyperparathyroidism-dependent bone pathology. Nowadays, the manifestation of hyperparathyroidism with these lesions is extremely rare in developed countries, because of the early detection of the disease, using routine laboratory examination and early treatment of that. These benign lesions present similar radiologic findings as bone metastasis, which makes the diagnosis difficult Brown tumors are focal bone lesions, caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle. Clinically significant lesions in the craniofacial bones are rare Brown tumors are focal reactive osteolytic lesions caused by hyperparathyroidism (HTP) and represent the terminal stage of the hyperparathyroidism-dependent bone pathology. Nowadays, the manifestation of hyperparathyroidism with these lesions is extremely rare in developed countries, because of the early detection of the disease, using routine laboratory examination and early treatment of that. These benign lesions present similar radiologic findings as bone metastasis, which makes the diagnosis difficult.
{"title":"The Common Accomplice of Pains, Moans, Groans: Imaging of Brown Tumors Debusted","authors":"Meena Gl, M. Razak, Surbhi Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000255","url":null,"abstract":"Brown tumors are focal bone lesions, caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle. Clinically significant lesions in the craniofacial bones are rare Brown tumors are focal reactive osteolytic lesions caused by hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and represent the terminal stage of the hyperparathyroidism-dependent bone pathology. Nowadays, the manifestation of hyperparathyroidism with these lesions is extremely rare in developed countries, because of the early detection of the disease, using routine laboratory examination and early treatment of that. These benign lesions present similar radiologic findings as bone metastasis, which makes the diagnosis difficult Brown tumors are focal bone lesions, caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle. Clinically significant lesions in the craniofacial bones are rare Brown tumors are focal reactive osteolytic lesions caused by hyperparathyroidism (HTP) and represent the terminal stage of the hyperparathyroidism-dependent bone pathology. Nowadays, the manifestation of hyperparathyroidism with these lesions is extremely rare in developed countries, because of the early detection of the disease, using routine laboratory examination and early treatment of that. These benign lesions present similar radiologic findings as bone metastasis, which makes the diagnosis difficult.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000259
Jobin Christ Mc, A. Lakshminarayanan, R. Krishnan
Arthritis is one of the kinds of chronic disease which causes inflammation to the joints which causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with aging. Mostly it is caused due to the decrease of Cartilage thickness present between the bone joints. There are more than 100 types of arthritis exist in the world. In general arthritis is classified into two parts, septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. Septic arthritis is an unfavorable arthropathy originated by an intraarticular infection which is usually connected to severe symptoms such as pain and decreased the range of motion. In this work, an analysis has been done on two meta-heuristic methods for early detection of septic arthritis since it is a direct invasion of bacteria. In this paper two different meta-heuristic methods like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Clown Fish Queuing and Switching Optimization Algorithm (CFQSOA) are analyzed for the early detection of septic arthritis. By the early diagnosis and treatment of arthritis, the damage to the joints can be reduced.
关节炎是一种慢性疾病，它会引起关节炎症，引起疼痛和僵硬，并随着年龄的增长而恶化。它主要是由于骨关节之间软骨厚度的减少引起的。世界上有100多种关节炎。一般将关节炎分为感染性关节炎和反应性关节炎两部分。脓毒性关节炎是一种由关节内感染引起的不良关节病，通常伴有疼痛和活动范围减小等严重症状。在这项工作中，由于脓毒性关节炎是细菌的直接入侵，因此对两种早期检测的启发式方法进行了分析。本文分析了蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO)和小丑鱼排队交换优化算法(Clown Fish Queuing and Switching Optimization Algorithm, CFQSOA)两种不同的元启发式算法在脓毒性关节炎早期检测中的应用。通过对关节炎的早期诊断和治疗，可以减少对关节的损害。
{"title":"Detection of Septic Arthritis using Meta Heuristic Algorithms","authors":"Jobin Christ Mc, A. Lakshminarayanan, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Arthritis is one of the kinds of chronic disease which causes inflammation to the joints which causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with aging. Mostly it is caused due to the decrease of Cartilage thickness present between the bone joints. There are more than 100 types of arthritis exist in the world. In general arthritis is classified into two parts, septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. Septic arthritis is an unfavorable arthropathy originated by an intraarticular infection which is usually connected to severe symptoms such as pain and decreased the range of motion. In this work, an analysis has been done on two meta-heuristic methods for early detection of septic arthritis since it is a direct invasion of bacteria. In this paper two different meta-heuristic methods like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Clown Fish Queuing and Switching Optimization Algorithm (CFQSOA) are analyzed for the early detection of septic arthritis. By the early diagnosis and treatment of arthritis, the damage to the joints can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000260
S. Jimbo, Y. Terashima, T. Takebayashi, A. Teramoto, I. Ogon, Kota Watanabe, Tatsuya Sato, N. Ichise, N. Tohse, T. Yamashita
Although ankle osteoarthritis is a common human joint disease, the etiological mechanisms underlying the associated pain remain unknown. We developed a new rat model of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) induced by monoiodoacetate (MIA) and evaluated the behavioral and histological characteristics of these animals. 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups of 20 rats. OA was induced by injecting the metabolic inhibitor MIA (1 mg/30 μl) into the tibiotarsal joint of the right hind paw on two consecutive days (MIA2 group) or single day (MIA1 group). Saline was injected into sham rats using the same protocol (sham group). We examined ankle swelling, range of motion, and stride length. We also assessed pain related behavior by observing the mechanical and thermal withdrawal responses. Rats were sacrificed 28 days after MIA/saline injection, and the right ankle joints were removed. Ankle sections were stained with safranin-O fast green, and histopathological changes were observed and scored. Both MIA groups exhibited significant increase in the ankle anteroposterior and transverse diameters (i.e., swelling) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-injection relative to sham, as well as significantly decrease ROMs of the ankle. MIA2 rats additionally had a significantly shorter stride than did sham rats. MIA2 rats also exhibited an increased mechanical response frequency to the von Frey hair 4 g, and 6g tests, compared with sham rats, whereas MIA1 rats did not differ significantly from sham rats. Both MIA2 and MIA1 rats exhibited significantly reduced thermal latency in the hind paw relative to the sham group on day 28 post-injection. Histologically, the both MIA groups had a significantly higher score on day 28 post-injection, compared with the sham rats. MIA2 rats also exhibited more histological evidence of cartilage damage and abnormal medial tibia morphology, compared to MIA1 and sham rats.
虽然踝关节骨关节炎是一种常见的人类关节疾病，但相关疼痛的病因机制尚不清楚。我们建立了单碘乙酸酯(MIA)诱导的大鼠踝关节骨关节炎(OA)模型，并对模型动物的行为学和组织学特征进行了评价。将60只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为3个实验组，每组20只。将代谢抑制剂MIA (1 mg/30 μl)连续2 d (MIA2组)或1 d (MIA1组)注入右后爪胫跖关节，诱导OA。采用相同的方法给假手术大鼠注射生理盐水(假手术组)。我们检查了踝关节肿胀、活动范围和步幅。我们还通过观察机械和热戒断反应来评估疼痛相关行为。MIA/生理盐水注射后28 d处死大鼠，切除右踝关节。踝关节切片采用红素- o快绿染色，观察组织病理变化并评分。在注射后7、14、21和28天，MIA组的踝关节前后径和横径(即肿胀)均较假手术组显著增加，踝关节ROMs显著降低。此外，MIA2大鼠的步幅明显短于假手术大鼠。与假手术大鼠相比，MIA2大鼠对4 g和6g von Frey毛发的机械反应频率也有所增加，而MIA1大鼠与假手术大鼠没有显著差异。注射后第28天，MIA2和MIA1大鼠的后爪热潜伏期均较假手术组明显降低。组织学上，与假手术大鼠相比，两组在注射后28天的评分均显著升高。与MIA1和假手术大鼠相比，MIA2大鼠也表现出更多的软骨损伤和胫骨内侧形态异常的组织学证据。
{"title":"A Novel Rat Model of Ankle Osteoarthritis Induced by the Application of Monoiodoacetate","authors":"S. Jimbo, Y. Terashima, T. Takebayashi, A. Teramoto, I. Ogon, Kota Watanabe, Tatsuya Sato, N. Ichise, N. Tohse, T. Yamashita","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"Although ankle osteoarthritis is a common human joint disease, the etiological mechanisms underlying the associated pain remain unknown. We developed a new rat model of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) induced by monoiodoacetate (MIA) and evaluated the behavioral and histological characteristics of these animals. 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups of 20 rats. OA was induced by injecting the metabolic inhibitor MIA (1 mg/30 μl) into the tibiotarsal joint of the right hind paw on two consecutive days (MIA2 group) or single day (MIA1 group). Saline was injected into sham rats using the same protocol (sham group). We examined ankle swelling, range of motion, and stride length. We also assessed pain related behavior by observing the mechanical and thermal withdrawal responses. Rats were sacrificed 28 days after MIA/saline injection, and the right ankle joints were removed. Ankle sections were stained with safranin-O fast green, and histopathological changes were observed and scored. Both MIA groups exhibited significant increase in the ankle anteroposterior and transverse diameters (i.e., swelling) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-injection relative to sham, as well as significantly decrease ROMs of the ankle. MIA2 rats additionally had a significantly shorter stride than did sham rats. MIA2 rats also exhibited an increased mechanical response frequency to the von Frey hair 4 g, and 6g tests, compared with sham rats, whereas MIA1 rats did not differ significantly from sham rats. Both MIA2 and MIA1 rats exhibited significantly reduced thermal latency in the hind paw relative to the sham group on day 28 post-injection. Histologically, the both MIA groups had a significantly higher score on day 28 post-injection, compared with the sham rats. MIA2 rats also exhibited more histological evidence of cartilage damage and abnormal medial tibia morphology, compared to MIA1 and sham rats.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000228
J. Kuiper, P. Lee, P. Heaton, A. Qureshi, J. Richardson
Background: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty was introduced to preserve patients’ bone and facilitate revision surgery. This prospective cohort study aims to determine a prognostic model (OsBHR) to predict which patient and surgeon related factors predict better long term implant survival for the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR). Methods: Between 1997 and 2002, details of 4490 patients (4945 hips) treated by hip resurfacing arthroplasty using the BHR prosthesis were entered in a prospective international registry and available for analysis. Implant survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and a shared frailty proportional hazard model was used to determine predictors of implant revision. Results: prognostic equation suggested a minimum diameter of 50 mm should be used for male and 52 mm for female patients to ensure a minimum 10-year survival rate of 95% for in procedures performed by an average surgeon. Conclusion: Implant survival at ten years and beyond strongly depends on component size and gender, varies between surgeons but is little affected by patient age. The OsBHR predictor allows a personalized estimated survival at ten years based on pre-operative variables.
{"title":"Personalized Medicine for Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacing: Predictors for the 10 Years Success of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing","authors":"J. Kuiper, P. Lee, P. Heaton, A. Qureshi, J. Richardson","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty was introduced to preserve patients’ bone and facilitate revision surgery. This prospective cohort study aims to determine a prognostic model (OsBHR) to predict which patient and surgeon related factors predict better long term implant survival for the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR). Methods: Between 1997 and 2002, details of 4490 patients (4945 hips) treated by hip resurfacing arthroplasty using the BHR prosthesis were entered in a prospective international registry and available for analysis. Implant survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and a shared frailty proportional hazard model was used to determine predictors of implant revision. Results: prognostic equation suggested a minimum diameter of 50 mm should be used for male and 52 mm for female patients to ensure a minimum 10-year survival rate of 95% for in procedures performed by an average surgeon. Conclusion: Implant survival at ten years and beyond strongly depends on component size and gender, varies between surgeons but is little affected by patient age. The OsBHR predictor allows a personalized estimated survival at ten years based on pre-operative variables.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-07-21DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000246
Linde Musters, M Ten Broek, G A Kraan
Introduction: Single photon emission computed tomography has been introduced as a promising new diagnostic tool in orthopaedic pathology since the early 90'. Computed tomography, the combined with SPECT, gives insight in the specific sight of wrist pathology. Literature already supports introduction of SPECT/CT in wrist pathology, but clinical application is lagging.
Case report: A 40yr old patient reported first in 2004 with persisting pain after a right distal radius fracture. Several diagnostics and operative interventions were performed, all unsuccessful. Because of the persisting pain a SPECT-CT was performed which showed a cyst in the hamate bone, which was successfully enucleated. The patient was finally pain free at recent follow-up. With a QDash-score of 43 and a PRW (H) E-DLV-score of 58/150.
Discussion: In this case report, SPECT/CT proved a very sensitive diagnostic tool for specific pathology of the wrist. It offered precise localisation and thereby the clinically suspected diagnosis was confirmed and the patient successfully treated.
自90年代初以来，单光子发射计算机断层扫描作为一种很有前途的新诊断工具被引入骨科病理学。计算机断层扫描，结合SPECT，提供了对手腕病理的具体观察。文献已经支持在腕部病理中引入SPECT/CT，但临床应用滞后。病例报告:一名40岁的患者在2004年首次报道右桡骨远端骨折后持续疼痛。进行了多次诊断和手术干预，均未成功。由于持续的疼痛，SPECT-CT显示在钩骨有一个囊肿，成功地去核。在最近的随访中，患者终于摆脱了疼痛。qdash评分为43,PRW (H) e - dlv评分为58/150。讨论:在本病例报告中，SPECT/CT被证明是一种非常敏感的手腕特定病理诊断工具。它提供了精确的定位，从而证实了临床疑似诊断，并成功治疗了患者。
{"title":"Case Report: SPECT/CT as the New Diagnostic Tool for Specific Wrist Pathology.","authors":"Linde Musters, M Ten Broek, G A Kraan","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Single photon emission computed tomography has been introduced as a promising new diagnostic tool in orthopaedic pathology since the early 90'. Computed tomography, the combined with SPECT, gives insight in the specific sight of wrist pathology. Literature already supports introduction of SPECT/CT in wrist pathology, but clinical application is lagging.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 40yr old patient reported first in 2004 with persisting pain after a right distal radius fracture. Several diagnostics and operative interventions were performed, all unsuccessful. Because of the persisting pain a SPECT-CT was performed which showed a cyst in the hamate bone, which was successfully enucleated. The patient was finally pain free at recent follow-up. With a QDash-score of 43 and a PRW (H) E-DLV-score of 58/150.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this case report, SPECT/CT proved a very sensitive diagnostic tool for specific pathology of the wrist. It offered precise localisation and thereby the clinically suspected diagnosis was confirmed and the patient successfully treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-7921.1000246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36068017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7921.1000229
Shankar Jayarama, Shivakumar Subanna, Barathi Paramahamsa Salimath, J. Krishnamurthy
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular inflammatory autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory degenerative disease of the articular cartilage. The current study efforts have been made to understand the relationship between the angiogenic genes VEGF, its regulator HIF-1α and MVD in RA and OA. The level of VEGF in serum and synovial fluid was increased in both RA and OA, but the levels were slightly more in cases of RA compared to that of OA. A corresponding increase in expression of HIF-1α and MVD counts was also noted in both conditions. Similar to VEGF levels, the expression of HIF-1α , MVD and CD-31 counts was higher among RA patients. These results thus indicate that there is a significant association between the angiogenic peptide VEGF in serum and synovial fluids, expression levels of transcription factor HIF-1α and microvessel density in the synovium of polyarthritic patients. The increased expression and regulation of VEGF, HIF-1alpha and MVD in these chronic inflammatory conditions are not only early indicators but also potential targets for antiangiogenic factors in the therapeutics of novel drugs for these smoldering conditions.
{"title":"Quantification of VEGF and Screening of Transcription Factor HIF-1α in Synovial Fluid of Polyarthritic Patients: Targets for Potential Anti-angiogenic Molecules","authors":"Shankar Jayarama, Shivakumar Subanna, Barathi Paramahamsa Salimath, J. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.4172/2167-7921.1000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7921.1000229","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular inflammatory autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory degenerative disease of the articular cartilage. The current study efforts have been made to understand the relationship between the angiogenic genes VEGF, its regulator HIF-1α and MVD in RA and OA. The level of VEGF in serum and synovial fluid was increased in both RA and OA, but the levels were slightly more in cases of RA compared to that of OA. A corresponding increase in expression of HIF-1α and MVD counts was also noted in both conditions. Similar to VEGF levels, the expression of HIF-1α , MVD and CD-31 counts was higher among RA patients. These results thus indicate that there is a significant association between the angiogenic peptide VEGF in serum and synovial fluids, expression levels of transcription factor HIF-1α and microvessel density in the synovium of polyarthritic patients. The increased expression and regulation of VEGF, HIF-1alpha and MVD in these chronic inflammatory conditions are not only early indicators but also potential targets for antiangiogenic factors in the therapeutics of novel drugs for these smoldering conditions.","PeriodicalId":91304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of arthritis","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70836316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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