Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2023.11.00396
Juan Martín Marqués
In countries where lockdown was not strictly enforced during vaccination and the vaccination rate was near 1% of the population per day, a loss of control or a multiplying effect in virus spread was observed when the vaccination program was implemented. Particularly, in Uruguay between March and June 2021, there was a clear link between the vaccination rate and the number of positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 observed each day. The peaks in the vaccination rate by day were followed by peaks in positive cases with an 8-day lag. Typically, 10% to 20% non-detected positive cases are considered superspreaders due to their high viral load despite experiencing mild or no symptoms. These superspreaders or undetected positive cases were responsible for 80% of the virus's spread. The data we got access to allow us to define a cohort study for whole individuals being vaccinated during 5 consecutive days during March 2021 when vaccination starts. In this cohort there was a 75% reduction in tested positive cases in vaccinated individuals compared to what was expected. We have some extra data that suggest these number were maintained during the 4 months with high vaccination rate. We propose that this reduction is due to individuals they thought they were experiencing side effects from the vaccine and were not tested, but in fact they had COVID. These non-tested positives individuals, representing nearly 5% of positive cases per day, may have unknowingly become superspreaders, increasing the odds ratio to be infected during vaccination by 1.20x to 1.4x compared to a non-vaccination situation with same control measures applied. Previously, Uruguay had been considered one of the first countries in the world in pandemic management for a year without vaccination, with a particular health politic: “responsible freedom”. However, during a period of four months with high vaccination rate in 2021, the country exhibited the worst levels of disease Worldwide, applying the same politic.
{"title":"Loss of control of the pandemic during vaccination in Uruguay","authors":"Juan Martín Marqués","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2023.11.00396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2023.11.00396","url":null,"abstract":"In countries where lockdown was not strictly enforced during vaccination and the vaccination rate was near 1% of the population per day, a loss of control or a multiplying effect in virus spread was observed when the vaccination program was implemented. Particularly, in Uruguay between March and June 2021, there was a clear link between the vaccination rate and the number of positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 observed each day. The peaks in the vaccination rate by day were followed by peaks in positive cases with an 8-day lag. Typically, 10% to 20% non-detected positive cases are considered superspreaders due to their high viral load despite experiencing mild or no symptoms. These superspreaders or undetected positive cases were responsible for 80% of the virus's spread. The data we got access to allow us to define a cohort study for whole individuals being vaccinated during 5 consecutive days during March 2021 when vaccination starts. In this cohort there was a 75% reduction in tested positive cases in vaccinated individuals compared to what was expected. We have some extra data that suggest these number were maintained during the 4 months with high vaccination rate. We propose that this reduction is due to individuals they thought they were experiencing side effects from the vaccine and were not tested, but in fact they had COVID. These non-tested positives individuals, representing nearly 5% of positive cases per day, may have unknowingly become superspreaders, increasing the odds ratio to be infected during vaccination by 1.20x to 1.4x compared to a non-vaccination situation with same control measures applied. Previously, Uruguay had been considered one of the first countries in the world in pandemic management for a year without vaccination, with a particular health politic: “responsible freedom”. However, during a period of four months with high vaccination rate in 2021, the country exhibited the worst levels of disease Worldwide, applying the same politic.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00344
L. Lazăr, A. Popescu
The Dirofilaria repens infection is now recognised as a worldwide emerging parasitic zoonosis, with rare reported human cases in Romania. Herein the clinico-diagnosis features of the nodular periorbital dirofilariasis case in a child are portrayed. This case emphasizes that dirofilariasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of the human nodular disorders at any age and the growing concern from the public health outlook.
{"title":"Nodular periorbital dirofilariasis in a child in Romania: case report","authors":"L. Lazăr, A. Popescu","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00344","url":null,"abstract":"The Dirofilaria repens infection is now recognised as a worldwide emerging parasitic zoonosis, with rare reported human cases in Romania. Herein the clinico-diagnosis features of the nodular periorbital dirofilariasis case in a child are portrayed. This case emphasizes that dirofilariasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of the human nodular disorders at any age and the growing concern from the public health outlook.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00341
E. Abdallah, R. Abdalla
{"title":"Acinetobacter baumannii, a global health-threatening bacterium: a short review","authors":"E. Abdallah, R. Abdalla","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48299189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00337
L. Jiménez, Sibora Peca, J. Bochis, Jenifer Vasquez, S. Zapata, Rozan Ramadan, M. Gardner, Stephanie Perez, Arianna Pinto, Lisa Pincus, Kadiatou Fadiga, Adelajda Turku
We analyzed the frequency and genotypic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a healthy suburban population in the state of New Jersey, United States of America, from 2011 to 2018, and the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 77 isolates were analyzed by phenotypic tests and PCR testing using genes coding for S. aureus 16S rRNA, methicillin resistant ( mecA ), vancomycin resistant ( vanA ), tetracycline resistant ( tetM ), macrolide resistant ( ermA ), Panton Valentine Leukocidin ( lukF ), arginine catabolic element (ACME), enterotoxin A ( sea ), staphylococcal protein A ( spa ), and toxic shock syndrome ( tst ). Percentage of nasal carriers of S. aureus was 11% and 3% for MRSA. Based upon spa gene typing, 41 different genotypes were found. The most common types were t008, t012, and t363. Frequencies in S. aureus for spa and ACME genes were 100% and 62%. However, percentages for sea, tst, and lukF genes were 38%, 27% and 22%, respectively. The ermA and tetM were detected in 57% and 13% of isolates. None of the mecA positive isolates showed the presence of vanA . Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec typing was performed using a multiplex PCR. SCC mec type IV was the most common among all MRSA isolates. In conclusion, healthy individuals carried a genetically diverse population of S. aureus with different virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the nasal cavities representing an unrecognized and understudy human reservoir for antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity.
{"title":"Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among a healthy suburban population: genotypic diversity and frequency of pathogenicity genes","authors":"L. Jiménez, Sibora Peca, J. Bochis, Jenifer Vasquez, S. Zapata, Rozan Ramadan, M. Gardner, Stephanie Perez, Arianna Pinto, Lisa Pincus, Kadiatou Fadiga, Adelajda Turku","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00337","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the frequency and genotypic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a healthy suburban population in the state of New Jersey, United States of America, from 2011 to 2018, and the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 77 isolates were analyzed by phenotypic tests and PCR testing using genes coding for S. aureus 16S rRNA, methicillin resistant ( mecA ), vancomycin resistant ( vanA ), tetracycline resistant ( tetM ), macrolide resistant ( ermA ), Panton Valentine Leukocidin ( lukF ), arginine catabolic element (ACME), enterotoxin A ( sea ), staphylococcal protein A ( spa ), and toxic shock syndrome ( tst ). Percentage of nasal carriers of S. aureus was 11% and 3% for MRSA. Based upon spa gene typing, 41 different genotypes were found. The most common types were t008, t012, and t363. Frequencies in S. aureus for spa and ACME genes were 100% and 62%. However, percentages for sea, tst, and lukF genes were 38%, 27% and 22%, respectively. The ermA and tetM were detected in 57% and 13% of isolates. None of the mecA positive isolates showed the presence of vanA . Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec typing was performed using a multiplex PCR. SCC mec type IV was the most common among all MRSA isolates. In conclusion, healthy individuals carried a genetically diverse population of S. aureus with different virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the nasal cavities representing an unrecognized and understudy human reservoir for antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00336
H. Shinmar, E. Macnaughton
Exophiala xenobiotica is a black yeast from the Exophiala genus. Literature suggests it has consistently been underdiagnosed in recent years, because of poor microbiological identification techniques and the discovery of multiple new species within the genus. Exophiala xenobiotica most commonly causes subcutaneous infections. It often thrives in damp places, and places where there are aromatic compounds. This report describes a multi-comorbid patient including previous basal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer who developed this infection. An 88-year-old caucasian man presented to the orthopaedic clinic with a lump on the dorsum of his right wrist, he was given a provisional diagnosis of a ganglion cyst. The lesion had been there for two years and had steadily increased in size. The patient had no pain or systemic symptoms and was not prescribed any immunosuppressive medication. After the yeast was isolated, he was prescribed an eight-week course of itraconazole, with surgical excision of the lesion two weeks into the course. The procedure was a success, and the lesion showed no signs of recurrence at the six-week follow up. This case report adds to the literature supporting a combined surgical and medical approach for the treatment of subcutaneous Exophiala xenobiotica infections.
{"title":"Case report: subcutaneous Exophiala xenobiotica infection successfully treated with a combined medical and surgical approach","authors":"H. Shinmar, E. Macnaughton","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00336","url":null,"abstract":"Exophiala xenobiotica is a black yeast from the Exophiala genus. Literature suggests it has consistently been underdiagnosed in recent years, because of poor microbiological identification techniques and the discovery of multiple new species within the genus. Exophiala xenobiotica most commonly causes subcutaneous infections. It often thrives in damp places, and places where there are aromatic compounds. This report describes a multi-comorbid patient including previous basal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer who developed this infection. An 88-year-old caucasian man presented to the orthopaedic clinic with a lump on the dorsum of his right wrist, he was given a provisional diagnosis of a ganglion cyst. The lesion had been there for two years and had steadily increased in size. The patient had no pain or systemic symptoms and was not prescribed any immunosuppressive medication. After the yeast was isolated, he was prescribed an eight-week course of itraconazole, with surgical excision of the lesion two weeks into the course. The procedure was a success, and the lesion showed no signs of recurrence at the six-week follow up. This case report adds to the literature supporting a combined surgical and medical approach for the treatment of subcutaneous Exophiala xenobiotica infections.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49222829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00335
S. Diamandis, E. Topalidou, D. Avtzis, K. Stara, R. Tsiakiris, J. Halley
Old-growth forests are rare in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean basin, because of a long history of human exploitation.1 In Epirus, NW Greece, ruined chapels, remote churches and abandoned monasteries which are scattered throughout the countryside are commonly surrounded by old trees, groves or woodland.2 Such “Sacred Natural Sites” have survived through time due to the fact that local people paid religious respect to these areas and avoided disturbing them for their personal use with activities such as cutting timber, harvesting firewood or grazing their animals. These ecosystems were established and flourished during the Ottoman occupation (1479–1912) when communities, along with Church authorities, imposed controlled management in sacred forests through social taboos. Management, or in this case non-management, of these sacred groves created patches of undisturbed, old-growth woodland.
{"title":"Fungal diversity in sacred groves vs. managed forests in Epirus, NW Greece","authors":"S. Diamandis, E. Topalidou, D. Avtzis, K. Stara, R. Tsiakiris, J. Halley","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00335","url":null,"abstract":"Old-growth forests are rare in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean basin, because of a long history of human exploitation.1 In Epirus, NW Greece, ruined chapels, remote churches and abandoned monasteries which are scattered throughout the countryside are commonly surrounded by old trees, groves or woodland.2 Such “Sacred Natural Sites” have survived through time due to the fact that local people paid religious respect to these areas and avoided disturbing them for their personal use with activities such as cutting timber, harvesting firewood or grazing their animals. These ecosystems were established and flourished during the Ottoman occupation (1479–1912) when communities, along with Church authorities, imposed controlled management in sacred forests through social taboos. Management, or in this case non-management, of these sacred groves created patches of undisturbed, old-growth woodland.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00334
Sviatlana Kandaurava, M. Tchernovetski, O. Aleinikova
Background and purpose: Patients with hematological malignancies are at risk of fungal infections and require quick diagnostics infection complications. The following study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the use of biomarkers of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), galactomannan (GM), and bis (methylthio) gliotoxin (BMGT) in the diagnosis of fungal infections in patients with oncological and hematological diseases. Materials and methods: The prospective study was conducted at the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology from April 2015 to January 2020. The study included 66 children with malignant hematological diseases aged 1 to 17 years. Clinical, microbiological, and statistical methods were used in the study. Results: In the case of fungemia in children with oncological and hematological diseases, the PCT level during the infectious episode was significantly lower than with bacterial infections of the bloodstream (p = 0,0063); and the СРR level fungal and bacterial infections did not differ significantly (p = 0,1719). Diagnostic study of GM in bronchoalveolar lavage had a high predictive value of a negative result (91,7%). The method’s sensitivity was higher than in the study of GM in serum (50% versus 0%). There was no correlation between serum BMGT levels as measured by HPLC and the presence of invasive aspergillosis in children. Conclusion: An increase in СRP levels with normal PCT levels in immunocompromised children with clinical signs of bloodstream infection is indicative of a fungal etiology of the disease. Determination of the optical density index of galactomannan in the bronchoalveolar fluid is a sensitive marker for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children. We cannot recommend BMGT for the diagnostics of invasive aspergillosis in children.
{"title":"The use of biomarkers in the diagnostics of fungal infections complications in children with oncological and hematological diseases","authors":"Sviatlana Kandaurava, M. Tchernovetski, O. Aleinikova","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00334","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Patients with hematological malignancies are at risk of fungal infections and require quick diagnostics infection complications. The following study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the use of biomarkers of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), galactomannan (GM), and bis (methylthio) gliotoxin (BMGT) in the diagnosis of fungal infections in patients with oncological and hematological diseases. Materials and methods: The prospective study was conducted at the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology from April 2015 to January 2020. The study included 66 children with malignant hematological diseases aged 1 to 17 years. Clinical, microbiological, and statistical methods were used in the study. Results: In the case of fungemia in children with oncological and hematological diseases, the PCT level during the infectious episode was significantly lower than with bacterial infections of the bloodstream (p = 0,0063); and the СРR level fungal and bacterial infections did not differ significantly (p = 0,1719). Diagnostic study of GM in bronchoalveolar lavage had a high predictive value of a negative result (91,7%). The method’s sensitivity was higher than in the study of GM in serum (50% versus 0%). There was no correlation between serum BMGT levels as measured by HPLC and the presence of invasive aspergillosis in children. Conclusion: An increase in СRP levels with normal PCT levels in immunocompromised children with clinical signs of bloodstream infection is indicative of a fungal etiology of the disease. Determination of the optical density index of galactomannan in the bronchoalveolar fluid is a sensitive marker for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children. We cannot recommend BMGT for the diagnostics of invasive aspergillosis in children.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42684284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00332
A. Portillo-López, Lucia Hoyos-Salazar
G. duodenalis is a pathogenic protozoan that affects animals and humans. This microorganism is transmitted by the fecal-oral route when it is ingested contaminated water or food. Giardia cysts are infectious, resistant to extreme environmental conditions, and their presence in sewage depends on the technologies used in the treatment plants. This study analyzes G. duodenalis and total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliforms in wastewater effluents of treatment plants (The Northeast, Gallo, Naranjo, Sauzal) and Emilio López Zamora dam of Ensenada Baja California. Water samples were taken monthly from June to November of 2019. Giardia was detected using the direct immunofluorescence (DFA) technique. TC and FC quantification were carried out according to the official Mexican standard (NOM- 001-SEMARNAT-1996). Giardia was observed in Gallo (80-280 cysts/L), Sauzal (0-240 cysts/L), and Naranjo (0-360 cysts/L) effluents from July to November. FC was generally within the official standard (NOM-003), less than 1000 FC/100 mL for waters that will have indirect or occasional contact with the human being. Except for Naranjo effluent, where coliforms exceeded 1800 NMP/100 mL.
{"title":"Detection of Giardia duodenalis in sewage of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico","authors":"A. Portillo-López, Lucia Hoyos-Salazar","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00332","url":null,"abstract":"G. duodenalis is a pathogenic protozoan that affects animals and humans. This microorganism is transmitted by the fecal-oral route when it is ingested contaminated water or food. Giardia cysts are infectious, resistant to extreme environmental conditions, and their presence in sewage depends on the technologies used in the treatment plants. This study analyzes G. duodenalis and total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliforms in wastewater effluents of treatment plants (The Northeast, Gallo, Naranjo, Sauzal) and Emilio López Zamora dam of Ensenada Baja California. Water samples were taken monthly from June to November of 2019. Giardia was detected using the direct immunofluorescence (DFA) technique. TC and FC quantification were carried out according to the official Mexican standard (NOM- 001-SEMARNAT-1996). Giardia was observed in Gallo (80-280 cysts/L), Sauzal (0-240 cysts/L), and Naranjo (0-360 cysts/L) effluents from July to November. FC was generally within the official standard (NOM-003), less than 1000 FC/100 mL for waters that will have indirect or occasional contact with the human being. Except for Naranjo effluent, where coliforms exceeded 1800 NMP/100 mL.","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45824677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00331
Ana Luz Galvan Diaz, Santiago Gallego Agudelo, JA Cardona-Arias
Introduction: The parasites that cause malaria and helminthiases are distributed in the same geographical areas, affect the same groups and share risk factors; however, its coinfection is little studied. Objective: To estimate the global and specific prevalence by species of Plasmodium spp., Helminths and their coinfection based on studies published in the world scientific literature, 2000-2018. Methodology: Systematic review of the scientific literature based on studies published in Pubmed, Science Direct, SciELO, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar. Investigations were included based on the implementation of a search protocol that included inclusion and exclusion criteria, according to the PRISMA guide. Reproducibility of the search and selection of studies was guaranteed. The methodological quality was evaluated with STROBE. Results: We included 61 articles with a population of 45,060 people, mostly from Africa, with children and pregnant women. 51 evaluated coinfection in the general population and 10 analyzed helminth infection in a population with malaria. The prevalence of malaria was 41%, helminths 43.4% and the coinfection 17.2%. The most prevalent species were Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma haematobium, Uncinarias and Ascaris Lumbricoides . The coinfection between Plasmodium falciparum and Uncinarias was the most prevalent with 6.1% in the general population and 28% in people with malaria. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of coinfection in a small number of studies, which shows that the study of the interactions between Plasmodium and helminths is an undeveloped area in parasitology. Despite the high magnitude of malaria and helminths in the Americas, studies of coinfection in the region are scarce, which constitutes an obstacle to impact its clinical and epidemiological effects, while preventing the development of public policies for parasitological control in endemic areas. keywords Helminths keywords Helminthiasis , in Helminthiasis TI Malaria
导言:引起疟疾和蠕虫病的寄生虫分布在同一地理区域，影响同一人群，具有共同的危险因素;然而，对其合并感染的研究却很少。目的:根据2000-2018年世界科学文献发表的研究，估计疟原虫、蠕虫及其共感染的全球和特定流行率。方法:基于Pubmed、Science Direct、SciELO、Web of Science、EBSCO和b谷歌Scholar发表的研究，对科学文献进行系统综述。根据PRISMA指南，根据包含纳入和排除标准的搜索协议的实施纳入调查。研究的搜索和选择的可重复性得到了保证。采用STROBE评价方法学质量。结果:我们纳入了61篇文章，共45,060人，主要来自非洲，包括儿童和孕妇。51项研究评估了一般人群中的合并感染情况，10项研究分析了疟疾人群中的寄生虫感染情况。疟疾患病率41%，寄生虫患病率43.4%，合并感染患病率17.2%。主要流行种为恶性疟原虫、血血吸虫、棘球蚴和类蚓蛔虫。恶性疟原虫和棘孔虫的合并感染最为普遍，在一般人群中占6.1%，在疟疾患者中占28%。结论:我们在少数研究中发现了较高的共感染发生率，这表明疟原虫与蠕虫相互作用的研究是寄生虫学研究的一个欠发达领域。尽管美洲的疟疾和寄生虫发病率很高，但对该区域共同感染的研究很少，这对影响其临床和流行病学影响构成了障碍，同时也阻碍了在流行地区制定寄生虫学控制的公共政策。关键词:寄生虫;关键词:寄生虫病
{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and helminths: Systematic review 2000-2018 ","authors":"Ana Luz Galvan Diaz, Santiago Gallego Agudelo, JA Cardona-Arias","doi":"10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jmen.2021.09.00331","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The parasites that cause malaria and helminthiases are distributed in the same geographical areas, affect the same groups and share risk factors; however, its coinfection is little studied. Objective: To estimate the global and specific prevalence by species of Plasmodium spp., Helminths and their coinfection based on studies published in the world scientific literature, 2000-2018. Methodology: Systematic review of the scientific literature based on studies published in Pubmed, Science Direct, SciELO, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar. Investigations were included based on the implementation of a search protocol that included inclusion and exclusion criteria, according to the PRISMA guide. Reproducibility of the search and selection of studies was guaranteed. The methodological quality was evaluated with STROBE. Results: We included 61 articles with a population of 45,060 people, mostly from Africa, with children and pregnant women. 51 evaluated coinfection in the general population and 10 analyzed helminth infection in a population with malaria. The prevalence of malaria was 41%, helminths 43.4% and the coinfection 17.2%. The most prevalent species were Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma haematobium, Uncinarias and Ascaris Lumbricoides . The coinfection between Plasmodium falciparum and Uncinarias was the most prevalent with 6.1% in the general population and 28% in people with malaria. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of coinfection in a small number of studies, which shows that the study of the interactions between Plasmodium and helminths is an undeveloped area in parasitology. Despite the high magnitude of malaria and helminths in the Americas, studies of coinfection in the region are scarce, which constitutes an obstacle to impact its clinical and epidemiological effects, while preventing the development of public policies for parasitological control in endemic areas. keywords Helminths keywords Helminthiasis , in Helminthiasis TI Malaria","PeriodicalId":91326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology & experimentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43397156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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