Pub Date : 2012-11-09DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2012.050238
Pamela Laughland, J. Cranfield, D. Sparling
Industrial biotechnology is an emerging industry in which firms are developing novel alternatives to petroleum-based goods. Canadian-based firms have an opportunity to capitalise on the availability of biomass from Canadian agriculture and Canada’s broad resource base. However, complexity of the product development process coupled with immaturity of this industry means little is currently known about these firms, their innovation activities and decision making. This study uses data from the 2003 and 2006 bioproduct development surveys to examine the Canadian bioproducts industry, focusing on factors conducive to innovative activity for bioproduct producing firms. Several factors are important in facilitating innovation, such as intellectual property, collaborations, focus on bioproducts relative to other business activities, the dominant product type and region in which the firm operates.
{"title":"Innovation and commercialisation in the Canadian bioproducts industry","authors":"Pamela Laughland, J. Cranfield, D. Sparling","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2012.050238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050238","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial biotechnology is an emerging industry in which firms are developing novel alternatives to petroleum-based goods. Canadian-based firms have an opportunity to capitalise on the availability of biomass from Canadian agriculture and Canada’s broad resource base. However, complexity of the product development process coupled with immaturity of this industry means little is currently known about these firms, their innovation activities and decision making. This study uses data from the 2003 and 2006 bioproduct development surveys to examine the Canadian bioproducts industry, focusing on factors conducive to innovative activity for bioproduct producing firms. Several factors are important in facilitating innovation, such as intellectual property, collaborations, focus on bioproducts relative to other business activities, the dominant product type and region in which the firm operates.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2012.050238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042679
Yunhao Dai, H. G. Chong
Despite its substantial contributions to a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), there is no known systematic study on the governance of the biotechnology sector and how its performance is measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the firms registered in the UK Biotechnology Handbook . With a response rate of 38% and rigorous analysis, the results show that, when measuring performance, managers use both the financial and nonfinancial indicators, but emphasise the financial indicators more. The financial indicators include turnover, profit margins, cash reserve and liquidity, while the nonfinancial indicators are about meeting the customers’ needs and expectations. More specifically, the managers place attention to the reporting of the environmental issues of their firms, reflecting their readiness to excel in social corporate responsibilities. The results have implications for the biotechnology sector and regulators for public policy.
{"title":"The use of performance measurements in the biotechnology sector","authors":"Yunhao Dai, H. G. Chong","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2011.042679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042679","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its substantial contributions to a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), there is no known systematic study on the governance of the biotechnology sector and how its performance is measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the firms registered in the UK Biotechnology Handbook . With a response rate of 38% and rigorous analysis, the results show that, when measuring performance, managers use both the financial and nonfinancial indicators, but emphasise the financial indicators more. The financial indicators include turnover, profit margins, cash reserve and liquidity, while the nonfinancial indicators are about meeting the customers’ needs and expectations. More specifically, the managers place attention to the reporting of the environmental issues of their firms, reflecting their readiness to excel in social corporate responsibilities. The results have implications for the biotechnology sector and regulators for public policy.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042683
S. Wydra, M. Nusser
While the economic impact of biotechnology is disputed, empirical data and research about diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology in application sectors is rather limited. In this paper, actual and prospective diffusion of biotechnology in different application industries is analysed on a disaggregated level by combining production data with a written expert survey. On the basis of these results, an input-output model was used to calculate the direct and indirect employment effects of biotechnology in Germany for the years 2004 and 2020. The results suggest a further diffusion of biotechnology in all application sectors. The subsequent employment occurs in both application industries and upstream sectors.
{"title":"Diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology – a case study for Germany","authors":"S. Wydra, M. Nusser","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2011.042683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042683","url":null,"abstract":"While the economic impact of biotechnology is disputed, empirical data and research about diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology in application sectors is rather limited. In this paper, actual and prospective diffusion of biotechnology in different application industries is analysed on a disaggregated level by combining production data with a written expert survey. On the basis of these results, an input-output model was used to calculate the direct and indirect employment effects of biotechnology in Germany for the years 2004 and 2020. The results suggest a further diffusion of biotechnology in all application sectors. The subsequent employment occurs in both application industries and upstream sectors.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042681
Ori Agmon, Rachel C. Fleisher, D. Zilberman, Amir Heiman
Previous studies have found that gender affects perceptions and resistance to genetically modified food (GMF). Stronger aversion to innovations, lower technical interest, more concern with environment, and higher perceptions of environmental risk on the part of females relative to males have previously explained why females are less supportive of GMF. This study suggests a new explanation based on differences in economic benefits. Based on an empirical study, we show that, while males are more motivated by monetary incentives, females are less likely to prefer GMF if the incentive is price. They are more sensitive to moral and risk-reduction incentives. Education levels did not affect perceptions and preferences and thus cannot serve as explanatory variables to these gender differences. The insights gained may help policy makers in designing their communication campaigns aimed at increasing the adoption of genetically modified technology, which has the potential advantage of solving food scarcity and nutritional deficits.
{"title":"Attitude and purchasing decisions regarding genetically modified foods based on gender and education","authors":"Ori Agmon, Rachel C. Fleisher, D. Zilberman, Amir Heiman","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2011.042681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042681","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have found that gender affects perceptions and resistance to genetically modified food (GMF). Stronger aversion to innovations, lower technical interest, more concern with environment, and higher perceptions of environmental risk on the part of females relative to males have previously explained why females are less supportive of GMF. \u0000 \u0000This study suggests a new explanation based on differences in economic benefits. Based on an empirical study, we show that, while males are more motivated by monetary incentives, females are less likely to prefer GMF if the incentive is price. They are more sensitive to moral and risk-reduction incentives. Education levels did not affect perceptions and preferences and thus cannot serve as explanatory variables to these gender differences. \u0000 \u0000The insights gained may help policy makers in designing their communication campaigns aimed at increasing the adoption of genetically modified technology, which has the potential advantage of solving food scarcity and nutritional deficits.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042682
Q. Helmy., E. Kardena, N. Funamizu, Wisjnuprapto
In the past few decades natural emulsifiers/biosurfactants have been intensively studied for their ability as potential substitute for synthetic surfactant usage. Biosurfactants are valuable microbial amphipathic compounds with effective surface active and biological properties which are applicable to several industries and process materials. Several biosurfactants properties are low toxicity, higher biodegradability and ecological acceptability, also synthesised from wide range of raw materials. At present, biosurfactant are unable to compete with the synthetic surfactant due to their high production cost, specific functionality and production capacity to meet the need of intended applications. A considerable number of researches and studies have been published in order to eliminate the economical bottleneck of biosurfactants production process. This review describes alternatives strategies toward commercialisation of biosurfactants on a large scale that might be able to replace their chemical counter parts.
{"title":"Strategies toward commercial scale of biosurfactant production as potential substitute for it's chemically counterparts","authors":"Q. Helmy., E. Kardena, N. Funamizu, Wisjnuprapto","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2011.042682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042682","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few decades natural emulsifiers/biosurfactants have been intensively studied for their ability as potential substitute for synthetic surfactant usage. Biosurfactants are valuable microbial amphipathic compounds with effective surface active and biological properties which are applicable to several industries and process materials. Several biosurfactants properties are low toxicity, higher biodegradability and ecological acceptability, also synthesised from wide range of raw materials. At present, biosurfactant are unable to compete with the synthetic surfactant due to their high production cost, specific functionality and production capacity to meet the need of intended applications. A considerable number of researches and studies have been published in order to eliminate the economical bottleneck of biosurfactants production process. This review describes alternatives strategies toward commercialisation of biosurfactants on a large scale that might be able to replace their chemical counter parts.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2011.042680
G. Brookes, P. Barfoot
This paper provides an assessment of the economic impact at the farm level of agricultural biotechnology on global agriculture. It examines the economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income, indirect (non-pecuniary) farm level income effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The analysis shows that there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $10.8 billion in 2009 and $64.7 billion for the 14-year period (in nominal terms). The non-pecuniary benefits associated with the use of the technology have also had a positive impact on adoption (in the USA accounting for the equivalent of 23% of the total direct farm income benefit). Biotech crops have also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops; adding, for example, 83 million tonnes and 130 million tonnes, respectively, to global production of soybeans and corn.
{"title":"The income and production effects of biotech crops globally 1996–2009","authors":"G. Brookes, P. Barfoot","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2011.042680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042680","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an assessment of the economic impact at the farm level of agricultural biotechnology on global agriculture. It examines the economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income, indirect (non-pecuniary) farm level income effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The analysis shows that there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $10.8 billion in 2009 and $64.7 billion for the 14-year period (in nominal terms). The non-pecuniary benefits associated with the use of the technology have also had a positive impact on adoption (in the USA accounting for the equivalent of 23% of the total direct farm income benefit). Biotech crops have also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops; adding, for example, 83 million tonnes and 130 million tonnes, respectively, to global production of soybeans and corn.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2011.042680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2010.036599
Jan Pick-Katolik, F. Podczeck
This work reports the concept of a novel, dual-acting, 'soft' pellet formulation, which protects film-coated 'hard' pellets during tabletting. The novel 'soft' pellets were designed to both cushion film-coated pellets during tabletting and ensure rapid disintegration of the tablets when in contact with water. The deformability and disintegration properties of these pellets were controlled using olive oil. 'Hard' pellets, produced by extrusion/spheronisation, were optimised and characterised and were film coated with Kollicoat® SR30D, containing triethyl citrate as plasticiser and fluorescein sodium as marker substance. Several coating thicknesses and plasticiser concentrations were studied using a statistically designed experiment. 'Soft' pellets produced using extrusion/spheronisation or granulation/spheronisation, were tabletted with either film-coated ibuprofen pellets or theophylline pellets and their dissolution and disintegration properties were determined. Granulation/spheronisation was the preferred method of manufacture of the soft pellets and lower percentages of olive oil were found to be more beneficial to the disintegration properties of the compacts.
{"title":"A novel, dual acting, soft pellet formulation, combining cushioning and rapid disintegration properties, and their incorporation into tablet formulations containing film-coated drug pellets","authors":"Jan Pick-Katolik, F. Podczeck","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2010.036599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036599","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the concept of a novel, dual-acting, 'soft' pellet formulation, which protects film-coated 'hard' pellets during tabletting. The novel 'soft' pellets were designed to both cushion film-coated pellets during tabletting and ensure rapid disintegration of the tablets when in contact with water. The deformability and disintegration properties of these pellets were controlled using olive oil. 'Hard' pellets, produced by extrusion/spheronisation, were optimised and characterised and were film coated with Kollicoat® SR30D, containing triethyl citrate as plasticiser and fluorescein sodium as marker substance. Several coating thicknesses and plasticiser concentrations were studied using a statistically designed experiment. 'Soft' pellets produced using extrusion/spheronisation or granulation/spheronisation, were tabletted with either film-coated ibuprofen pellets or theophylline pellets and their dissolution and disintegration properties were determined. Granulation/spheronisation was the preferred method of manufacture of the soft pellets and lower percentages of olive oil were found to be more beneficial to the disintegration properties of the compacts.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2010.036595
V. Balzano, G. Betz, H. Leuenberger
The compaction of UICEL-A/102 and MCC 102 coated pellets into multiple unit pellet systems (MUPS) is presented in this work. MCC 102 and UICEL-A/102 were separately mixed with sodium diclofenac, pelletised and afterwards coated with a water suspension of Kollicoat® SR 30 D. 30%-50% of the so produced coated pellets were embedded in 40%-60% of MCC 102 powder (cushioning) and 10% of either STA-RX® 1500 or UICEL-A/102 (disintegrant). Finally, the tabletting mixtures were compacted into MUPS using a PressterTM Compaction Simulator. Both UICEL-A/102 and MCC 102 MUPS resulted to be mechanically robust (crushing strength of 70-100 N), fast disintegrating in water and maintained the same release profile and similar superficial and inner morphology compared to the uncompressed subunits. UICEL-A/102 proved to be more appropriate as filler for immediate release pellets and MUPS, whereas MCC 102 confirmed to be advantageous filler for controlled release pellets in MUPS.
{"title":"Multiple unit pellet systems (MUPS) obtained by soft compaction of two polymorphic cellulose modifications as coated pellets: influence of the polymorphic modification in MUPS on disintegration time and drug release","authors":"V. Balzano, G. Betz, H. Leuenberger","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2010.036595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036595","url":null,"abstract":"The compaction of UICEL-A/102 and MCC 102 coated pellets into multiple unit pellet systems (MUPS) is presented in this work. MCC 102 and UICEL-A/102 were separately mixed with sodium diclofenac, pelletised and afterwards coated with a water suspension of Kollicoat® SR 30 D. 30%-50% of the so produced coated pellets were embedded in 40%-60% of MCC 102 powder (cushioning) and 10% of either STA-RX® 1500 or UICEL-A/102 (disintegrant). Finally, the tabletting mixtures were compacted into MUPS using a PressterTM Compaction Simulator. Both UICEL-A/102 and MCC 102 MUPS resulted to be mechanically robust (crushing strength of 70-100 N), fast disintegrating in water and maintained the same release profile and similar superficial and inner morphology compared to the uncompressed subunits. UICEL-A/102 proved to be more appropriate as filler for immediate release pellets and MUPS, whereas MCC 102 confirmed to be advantageous filler for controlled release pellets in MUPS.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2010.036596
Thomas J. Smith, J. Kennedy, C. Higginbotham
In this work, a two-phase hydrogel system was prepared by physically imbedding a xerogel in the core of a cryogel which was freeze thawed. The cryogels were prepared with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) while the xerogels were prepared by UV polymerisation of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylic acid (AA) and various percentages of ibuprofen sodium salt. Mechanical and thermal properties were determined by parallel plate rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that hydrogels which contained increased percent concentrations of PAA (in the xerogel) were significantly stiffer than those synthesised using PVP alone at test temperatures between 30 and 80°C. The chemical structure of the hydrogels was confirmed by means of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In all cases, drug dissolution analysis showed that the active agent was released at a slower rate with hydrogels that contained acrylic acid.
{"title":"Characterisation and controlled drug release from a novel two-phase hydrogel system","authors":"Thomas J. Smith, J. Kennedy, C. Higginbotham","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2010.036596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036596","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a two-phase hydrogel system was prepared by physically imbedding a xerogel in the core of a cryogel which was freeze thawed. The cryogels were prepared with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) while the xerogels were prepared by UV polymerisation of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylic acid (AA) and various percentages of ibuprofen sodium salt. Mechanical and thermal properties were determined by parallel plate rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that hydrogels which contained increased percent concentrations of PAA (in the xerogel) were significantly stiffer than those synthesised using PVP alone at test temperatures between 30 and 80°C. The chemical structure of the hydrogels was confirmed by means of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In all cases, drug dissolution analysis showed that the active agent was released at a slower rate with hydrogels that contained acrylic acid.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2010.036600
R. Srivastava, Aarti T. More
The research paper studies the consumer's perception for product colour, shape and taste while buying an over the counter (OTC) product. This study also examines the impact of product colour on consumer's expectancies towards the drug. Data collection method was direct questionnaire to consumers. This was done in two phases wherein respondents were exposed to face to face interview. The study shows that there is an influence of products aesthetic attributes of pharmaceutical OTC products on consumption which can translate to brand loyalty and to sales. Red and pink emerged as most preferred colour. Blue and white are other two preferred colours. For 75% of consumers colour is a memory tag for compliance. There is a positive association of colour and shape with compliance. Pink colour is considered to be sweeter compared to red. Yellow is considered to be salty as per this study.
{"title":"Some aesthetic considerations for over the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products","authors":"R. Srivastava, Aarti T. More","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2010.036600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036600","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper studies the consumer's perception for product colour, shape and taste while buying an over the counter (OTC) product. This study also examines the impact of product colour on consumer's expectancies towards the drug. Data collection method was direct questionnaire to consumers. This was done in two phases wherein respondents were exposed to face to face interview. The study shows that there is an influence of products aesthetic attributes of pharmaceutical OTC products on consumption which can translate to brand loyalty and to sales. Red and pink emerged as most preferred colour. Blue and white are other two preferred colours. For 75% of consumers colour is a memory tag for compliance. There is a positive association of colour and shape with compliance. Pink colour is considered to be sweeter compared to red. Yellow is considered to be salty as per this study.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2010.036600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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