M. Marjanović, Z. Jovanović, B. Vucelic-Radovic, S. Savic, I. Petrović, R. Stikic
To assess the effects of ABA deficiency on tomato fruit growth, the ABA mutant flacca was grown in an optimal soil water regime and various analyzes were performed, including morphological (fruit number, diameter and fruit biomass), physiological (duration of growth and fruit growth rate), biochemical (ABA accumulation, enzyme cell wall peroxidase activity) as well as proteomics. The fruit growth analysis showed that the slower fruit growth rate and development resulted in smaller flacca fruits in comparison to the wild-type fruits. The comparison of the temporal dynamics of cell wall peroxidase activity and ABA content in our experiment indicated an opposite relationship during fruit development. Proteomic analysis and the down-regulation of most proteins from carbon and amino acid metabolism, the translation and processing of proteins, energy metabolism and cell wall-related metabolism in the flacca fruits compared to the wild type, indicated reduced metabolic flux which reflected a slower fruit growth and development and reduced fruit size in the ABA mutant. These findings also indicated that ABA limited carbon sources, which could be responsible for the reduced fruit growth and size of ABA-deficient tomato fruits. The up-regulation of sulfur and oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins in the flacca fruits implicated the maintenance of photosynthesis in the late expansion phase, which slows down transition to the ripening stage. The majority of antioxidative and stress defence proteins were down-regulated in the flacca fruits, which could be related to the role of ABA in the activity of different antioxidative enzymes as well as in regulating cell wall expansion and the cessation of fruit growth.
{"title":"A biochemical and proteomic approach to the analysis of tomato mutant fruit growth","authors":"M. Marjanović, Z. Jovanović, B. Vucelic-Radovic, S. Savic, I. Petrović, R. Stikic","doi":"10.2298/BOTSERB2101071M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2101071M","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the effects of ABA deficiency on tomato fruit growth, the ABA mutant flacca was grown in an optimal soil water regime and various analyzes were performed, including morphological (fruit number, diameter and fruit biomass), physiological (duration of growth and fruit growth rate), biochemical (ABA accumulation, enzyme cell wall peroxidase activity) as well as proteomics. The fruit growth analysis showed that the slower fruit growth rate and development resulted in smaller flacca fruits in comparison to the wild-type fruits. The comparison of the temporal dynamics of cell wall peroxidase activity and ABA content in our experiment indicated an opposite relationship during fruit development. Proteomic analysis and the down-regulation of most proteins from carbon and amino acid metabolism, the translation and processing of proteins, energy metabolism and cell wall-related metabolism in the flacca fruits compared to the wild type, indicated reduced metabolic flux which reflected a slower fruit growth and development and reduced fruit size in the ABA mutant. These findings also indicated that ABA limited carbon sources, which could be responsible for the reduced fruit growth and size of ABA-deficient tomato fruits. The up-regulation of sulfur and oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins in the flacca fruits implicated the maintenance of photosynthesis in the late expansion phase, which slows down transition to the ripening stage. The majority of antioxidative and stress defence proteins were down-regulated in the flacca fruits, which could be related to the role of ABA in the activity of different antioxidative enzymes as well as in regulating cell wall expansion and the cessation of fruit growth.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ghaffari, A. Zare, F. Corom, Masoureh Sedaghati
Original meiotic or both meiotic and mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for ten endemic and one non endemic species in nine vascular plant families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Acantholimon schahrudicum, A. truncatum, Anthochlamys multinervis, Campanula perpusilla, Cousinia calcitrapa var. interrupta, Dorema ammoniacum, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, and Hyocyamus orthocarpus were determined for the first time. The chromosome counts for Astrodaucus persicus and Hedysarum criniferum agree with previous ones. The gametic chromosome numbers for Hedysarum criniferum and Allium stipitatum are reported here for the first time. The occurrence of accessory chromosomes are also reported for Acantholimon schahrudicum and Dorema ammoniacum, being the first records of B chromosomes in the genera Acantholimon and Dorema.
{"title":"Chromosome number and meiotic behavior in several plant taxa from iran","authors":"S. Ghaffari, A. Zare, F. Corom, Masoureh Sedaghati","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102333g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102333g","url":null,"abstract":"Original meiotic or both meiotic and mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for ten endemic and one non endemic species in nine vascular plant families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Acantholimon schahrudicum, A. truncatum, Anthochlamys multinervis, Campanula perpusilla, Cousinia calcitrapa var. interrupta, Dorema ammoniacum, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, and Hyocyamus orthocarpus were determined for the first time. The chromosome counts for Astrodaucus persicus and Hedysarum criniferum agree with previous ones. The gametic chromosome numbers for Hedysarum criniferum and Allium stipitatum are reported here for the first time. The occurrence of accessory chromosomes are also reported for Acantholimon schahrudicum and Dorema ammoniacum, being the first records of B chromosomes in the genera Acantholimon and Dorema.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80565669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Drobac, J. Kukić-Marković, M. Milenković, M. Niketić, S. Petrović
Aromatic plants and essential oils have many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. The essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Achillea grandifolia, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed for its constituents and investigated for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) with 1,8-cineole (29.2%) and camphor (23.4%) being the most abundant. Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantities (4.8%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against eight ATCC bacterial strains and two ATCC strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited highly pronounced antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with a MIC value of 3.50 ?g/mL, as well as significant antimicrobial activity (<100 ?g/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. Achillea grandifolia essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an SC50 value of 5.4 mg/mL. The TLC-DPPH assay revealed two main light yellow spots indicating components with anti-DPPH activity, which after isolation were identified as 1,8-cineole and camphor.
{"title":"The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antiradical properties of the essential oil of Achillea grandifolia aerial parts from Serbia","authors":"M. Drobac, J. Kukić-Marković, M. Milenković, M. Niketić, S. Petrović","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102233d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102233d","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic plants and essential oils have many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. The essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Achillea grandifolia, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed for its constituents and investigated for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) with 1,8-cineole (29.2%) and camphor (23.4%) being the most abundant. Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantities (4.8%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against eight ATCC bacterial strains and two ATCC strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited highly pronounced antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with a MIC value of 3.50 ?g/mL, as well as significant antimicrobial activity (<100 ?g/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. Achillea grandifolia essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an SC50 value of 5.4 mg/mL. The TLC-DPPH assay revealed two main light yellow spots indicating components with anti-DPPH activity, which after isolation were identified as 1,8-cineole and camphor.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86845124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Oaldje-Pavlovic, Ana Alimpic-Aradski, A. Savić, S. Janković, Milena G. Milutinović, P. Marin, S. Duletić-Laušević
This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extracts of peel, flesh and mixed peel, and flesh, as well as the cytotoxic activity of mixed peel and flesh extracts obtained from fruits of six traditional pear varieties (Vidovaca, Lubenicarka, Karamanka, Jeribasma, Loncara and Takisa), one commercial variety (Williams Bartlett) and a wild pear (Pyrus communis) from Serbia. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant activity regarding the prevention of ?-carotene bleaching and high ?-glucosidase inhibition, and no significant cytotoxic potential, with the exception of the Williams Bartlett and Pyrus communis extracts. Overall, the most potent fruit part was shown to be the peel. The most active variety in all of the applied antioxidant and antidiabetic assays was Takisa, while the wild pear, P. communis, was the most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. In conclusion, several methanolic extracts of pear fruit are promising candidates for further studies regarding the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions associated with the effects of oxidative stress, such as diabetes and even colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Traditional varieties and wild pear from Serbia: A link among antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of fruit peel and flesh","authors":"Mariana Oaldje-Pavlovic, Ana Alimpic-Aradski, A. Savić, S. Janković, Milena G. Milutinović, P. Marin, S. Duletić-Laušević","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102203o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102203o","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extracts of peel, flesh and mixed peel, and flesh, as well as the cytotoxic activity of mixed peel and flesh extracts obtained from fruits of six traditional pear varieties (Vidovaca, Lubenicarka, Karamanka, Jeribasma, Loncara and Takisa), one commercial variety (Williams Bartlett) and a wild pear (Pyrus communis) from Serbia. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant activity regarding the prevention of ?-carotene bleaching and high ?-glucosidase inhibition, and no significant cytotoxic potential, with the exception of the Williams Bartlett and Pyrus communis extracts. Overall, the most potent fruit part was shown to be the peel. The most active variety in all of the applied antioxidant and antidiabetic assays was Takisa, while the wild pear, P. communis, was the most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. In conclusion, several methanolic extracts of pear fruit are promising candidates for further studies regarding the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions associated with the effects of oxidative stress, such as diabetes and even colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88478420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Randjelovic, Dragana Jenackovic-Gocic, J. Stojanović, Irena Raca, Danijela Nikolic, Marina Juskovic
The arctic-alpine species, Woodsia alpina (Woodsiaceae), was recorded on the Balkan Peninsula for the first time as a result of an intensive floristic and phytocoenological investigation of the rocky habitats located on the Stara Planina Mt. The record represents the first finding of this species and the family Woodsiaceae in general for the flora of Serbia. This new finding shifts the southern limit of its distribution in Southeastern Europe significantly. Five small subpopulations, consisting of a few up to dozens of specimens, were found above the forest belt, at an elevation range between 1671 and 1718 m a.s.l. They inhabit fissures in what are almost vertical rocks composed of Permian red sandstone with western exposition. Woodsia alpina shows affinities to semi-shaded places, which are moisturerich, slightly acidic and poor in nutrients. It grows alongside mosses, other ferns (Asplenium septentrionale, A. trichomanes, Asplenium ? alternifolium, Cystopteris fragilis) and flowering plants. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the communities of W. alpina recorded in Serbia are clearly distinguished from those of this species in other European countries regarding their floristic composition. Hence, it is necessary to clarify the syntaxonomical rank of this association within the class Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934) Oberd. 1977 and the Androsacetalia vandellii order Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934 in future research. Applying Huisman-Olff-Fresco models on a dataset from the Balkans, it is revealed that W. alpina has narrow ecological valences regarding elevation, exposition and 19 bioclimatic parameters. On the other hand, according to the literature, it grows successfully in a wide range of elevations in Europe, as a result of its affinity to colder climates and the arctic-alpine type of distribution.
对位于Stara Planina山的岩石生境进行了深入的植物区系和植物群落学调查，首次在巴尔干半岛记录到北极高山种Woodsia alpina (Woodsiaceae)，这是塞尔维亚植物区系首次发现该物种和Woodsiaceae。这一新发现大大改变了它在东南欧分布的南部界限。在海拔1671 - 1718米之间的林带上发现了5个小亚种群，由几个到几十个标本组成。它们栖息在由二叠纪红色砂岩组成的几乎垂直的岩石裂缝中。高山杉木生长于湿润、微酸、营养贫乏的半荫蔽环境。它与苔藓、其他蕨类植物(Asplenium septentrionale、A. trichomanes、Asplenium ?互花草(Cystopteris fragile)和开花植物。聚类分析结果表明，塞尔维亚地区记录的白桫椤群落在区系组成上与欧洲其他国家的白桫椤有明显的区别。因此，有必要厘清该属在水蛭属(Asplenietea trichomanis, Br.-Bl)纲中的分类学等级。在Meier et Br.-Bl。(1934) Oberd. 1977和Androsacetalia vandellii目Br.-Bl。在Meier et Br.-Bl。1934年的未来研究。采用豪氏威马-奥尔夫- fresco模型对巴尔干地区的数据集进行分析，结果表明，在海拔、曝露和19个生物气候参数上，高山白杨具有狭窄的生态价值。另一方面，根据文献，由于其对寒冷气候和北极-高山类型分布的亲和力，它在欧洲的许多海拔高度都能成功生长。
{"title":"An insight into the ecology of Woodsia alpina newly recorded for the flora of the Balkan Peninsula","authors":"V. Randjelovic, Dragana Jenackovic-Gocic, J. Stojanović, Irena Raca, Danijela Nikolic, Marina Juskovic","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102311r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102311r","url":null,"abstract":"The arctic-alpine species, Woodsia alpina (Woodsiaceae), was recorded on the Balkan Peninsula for the first time as a result of an intensive floristic and phytocoenological investigation of the rocky habitats located on the Stara Planina Mt. The record represents the first finding of this species and the family Woodsiaceae in general for the flora of Serbia. This new finding shifts the southern limit of its distribution in Southeastern Europe significantly. Five small subpopulations, consisting of a few up to dozens of specimens, were found above the forest belt, at an elevation range between 1671 and 1718 m a.s.l. They inhabit fissures in what are almost vertical rocks composed of Permian red sandstone with western exposition. Woodsia alpina shows affinities to semi-shaded places, which are moisturerich, slightly acidic and poor in nutrients. It grows alongside mosses, other ferns (Asplenium septentrionale, A. trichomanes, Asplenium ? alternifolium, Cystopteris fragilis) and flowering plants. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the communities of W. alpina recorded in Serbia are clearly distinguished from those of this species in other European countries regarding their floristic composition. Hence, it is necessary to clarify the syntaxonomical rank of this association within the class Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934) Oberd. 1977 and the Androsacetalia vandellii order Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934 in future research. Applying Huisman-Olff-Fresco models on a dataset from the Balkans, it is revealed that W. alpina has narrow ecological valences regarding elevation, exposition and 19 bioclimatic parameters. On the other hand, according to the literature, it grows successfully in a wide range of elevations in Europe, as a result of its affinity to colder climates and the arctic-alpine type of distribution.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87422637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivona Veličković, Z. Zizak, N. Simin, K. Bekvalac, Marija Ivanov, M. Soković, P. Marin, S. Grujic
The berries of Rubus discolor are considered a rich source of phytochemicals which could play an important role in the prevention of prevalent contemporary chronic diseases. Thus, the goal of the presented study was to determine the profile of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. discolor fruit, and their free radical scavenging, antiproliferative, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the presence of 11 phenolic acids with protocatechuic and gallic acids being the major compounds. Additionally, cyanidin- glucoside/galactoside was the most abundant among the five identified anthocyanins. The ethanol extract was more efficient in scavenging free radicals than the aqueous extract. The absence of antiproliferative activity was observed for both extracts. However, they inhibited carbohydrate hydrolysing digestive enzymes associated with type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, the obtained results for ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values 44.52 and 80.72 ?g/mL, for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively) indicate significantly higher activity than the positive control, GlucobayR (233.38 ?g/mL). The ethanol extract was more effective against all of the examined bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae) than the aqueous extract. On the contrary, the aqueous extract showed better antifungal properties, particularly against Trihoderma viride and Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The quantified phenolics and presented bioactivities of R. discolor fruit extracts candidate them as a potential source of bioactive compounds which might be used in the food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Phenolic profile and biological potential of wild blackberry (Rubus discolor) fruits","authors":"Ivona Veličković, Z. Zizak, N. Simin, K. Bekvalac, Marija Ivanov, M. Soković, P. Marin, S. Grujic","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102215v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102215v","url":null,"abstract":"The berries of Rubus discolor are considered a rich source of phytochemicals which could play an important role in the prevention of prevalent contemporary chronic diseases. Thus, the goal of the presented study was to determine the profile of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. discolor fruit, and their free radical scavenging, antiproliferative, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the presence of 11 phenolic acids with protocatechuic and gallic acids being the major compounds. Additionally, cyanidin- glucoside/galactoside was the most abundant among the five identified anthocyanins. The ethanol extract was more efficient in scavenging free radicals than the aqueous extract. The absence of antiproliferative activity was observed for both extracts. However, they inhibited carbohydrate hydrolysing digestive enzymes associated with type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, the obtained results for ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values 44.52 and 80.72 ?g/mL, for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively) indicate significantly higher activity than the positive control, GlucobayR (233.38 ?g/mL). The ethanol extract was more effective against all of the examined bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae) than the aqueous extract. On the contrary, the aqueous extract showed better antifungal properties, particularly against Trihoderma viride and Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The quantified phenolics and presented bioactivities of R. discolor fruit extracts candidate them as a potential source of bioactive compounds which might be used in the food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82687671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WD40 repeat-containing proteins participate in DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions and positively regulate plant stress responses. GTS1, known as a WD40 repeat-containing protein, works as a scaffold protein and is important in ribosome biogenesis and also biomass accumulation. In this study, we evaluated the GIGANTUS1 (GTS1) gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, we grew and characterized A. thaliana gts1 mutant (T-DNA SALK_010647) in order to observe the effects of its absence on plants. According to our results, 100-200 mM abscisic acid (ABA) and 100-200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment did not cause any changes in GTS1 gene expression, while only 6 h of 1 g/l and 2 g/l yeast extract (YE) treatment negatively affected GTS1 expression in 10-day-old plant explants. After 10 and 30 days of YE treatment, GTS1 gene expression was upregulated, and as a consequence plant growth efficiency was reduced. We thus concluded that through the downregulation of GTS1 transcripts, we could obtain better growth and/or higher biomass, which seems to be a good option for agricultural recruitments.
WD40重复序列蛋白参与dna -蛋白和蛋白-蛋白相互作用，积极调节植物的胁迫反应。GTS1被称为WD40重复蛋白，是一种支架蛋白，在核糖体生物发生和生物量积累中起重要作用。在本研究中，我们研究了拟南芥中GIGANTUS1 (GTS1)基因表达对生物和非生物胁迫因子的响应。此外，我们培养并鉴定了拟南芥gts1突变体(T-DNA SALK_010647)，以观察其缺失对植物的影响。结果表明，100-200 mM ABA和100-200 mM NaCl处理均未引起GTS1基因表达的变化，而1 g/l和2 g/l酵母浸膏(YE)处理仅6 h对GTS1基因表达产生负向影响。经叶处理10和30 d后，GTS1基因表达上调，植株生长效率降低。因此，我们得出结论，通过下调GTS1转录本，我们可以获得更好的生长和/或更高的生物量，这似乎是农业招聘的一个很好的选择。
{"title":"Arabidopsis thaliana GTS1 transcripts are activated by yeast extract","authors":"B. Arıkan, Aslı Semercі, O. Cakir, Kara Turgut","doi":"10.2298/botserb2102195a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2102195a","url":null,"abstract":"WD40 repeat-containing proteins participate in DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions and positively regulate plant stress responses. GTS1, known as a WD40 repeat-containing protein, works as a scaffold protein and is important in ribosome biogenesis and also biomass accumulation. In this study, we evaluated the GIGANTUS1 (GTS1) gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, we grew and characterized A. thaliana gts1 mutant (T-DNA SALK_010647) in order to observe the effects of its absence on plants. According to our results, 100-200 mM abscisic acid (ABA) and 100-200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment did not cause any changes in GTS1 gene expression, while only 6 h of 1 g/l and 2 g/l yeast extract (YE) treatment negatively affected GTS1 expression in 10-day-old plant explants. After 10 and 30 days of YE treatment, GTS1 gene expression was upregulated, and as a consequence plant growth efficiency was reduced. We thus concluded that through the downregulation of GTS1 transcripts, we could obtain better growth and/or higher biomass, which seems to be a good option for agricultural recruitments.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75269313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomo Trstenjak, Antunovic Dunic Jasenka, S. Mlinarić, L. Begović, Marin Skoro, V. Cesar, H. Lepeduš
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is a widespread Mediterranean woody species. Needles usually fall off the tree after the second year, which can be the reason for substantial crown defoliation under extreme environmental stress. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in current-year (CY) and previous-year (PY) Aleppo pine needles. Chlorophyll concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically, while photosynthetic performance was determined by measuring the increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence (the JIP test). The obtained results revealed that concentrations of chlorophylls a and b were almost twice as great in PY needles as in CY ones. The chlorophyll a to b ratio and values of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed no statistically significant difference between CY and PY needles. However, the performance index (PIABS) was significantly higher in CY needles compared to PY ones. Analysis of PIABS components revealed that CY needles had increased electron transport beyond the primary electron acceptor, QA -, which was associated with a lower value of variable fluorescence at 2 ms (VJ) in comparison with PY needles. Also, some differences were observed in needle anatomy. Current-year needles had an increased proportion of mesophyll tissue, together with decreased proportions of vascular cylinder and resin duct areas. Also, many more starch grains were present in PY than in CY needles. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that despite considerably lower chlorophyll content, CY needles exhibited photosynthetic performance better than that of older needles, which is an unusual phenomenon in woody species.
阿勒颇松(Pinus halepensis)是一种分布广泛的地中海木本树种。针叶通常在第二年之后从树上脱落，这可能是极端环境压力下树冠大量落叶的原因。本研究的目的是比较当年(CY)和往年(PY)阿勒颇松针的解剖结构、叶绿素含量和光合性能。叶绿素浓度通过分光光度法测定，而光合性能通过测量叶绿素a荧光(JIP试验)的增加来测定。结果表明，叶绿素a和b的浓度几乎是CY针叶的两倍。叶绿素a / b比值及光系统II的最大量子产率(Fv/Fm)在CY和PY针叶间差异无统计学意义。但CY针的性能指数(PIABS)显著高于PY针。PIABS组分分析表明，CY针增加了主要电子受体QA -以外的电子传递，与PY针相比，这与2 ms (VJ)的可变荧光值较低有关。此外，在针解剖上也观察到一些差异。当年针叶肉组织比例增加，维管柱和树脂管面积比例减少。此外，PY针比CY针中存在更多的淀粉粒。综上所述，尽管青叶针的叶绿素含量较低，但其光合性能优于老针叶，这在木本植物中是不常见的现象。
{"title":"Anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in current-year and previous-year Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) needles","authors":"Tomo Trstenjak, Antunovic Dunic Jasenka, S. Mlinarić, L. Begović, Marin Skoro, V. Cesar, H. Lepeduš","doi":"10.2298/botserb2001061t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2001061t","url":null,"abstract":"Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is a widespread Mediterranean woody species. Needles usually fall off the tree after the second year, which can be the reason for substantial crown defoliation under extreme environmental stress. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in current-year (CY) and previous-year (PY) Aleppo pine needles. Chlorophyll concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically, while photosynthetic performance was determined by measuring the increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence (the JIP test). The obtained results revealed that concentrations of chlorophylls a and b were almost twice as great in PY needles as in CY ones. The chlorophyll a to b ratio and values of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed no statistically significant difference between CY and PY needles. However, the performance index (PIABS) was significantly higher in CY needles compared to PY ones. Analysis of PIABS components revealed that CY needles had increased electron transport beyond the primary electron acceptor, QA -, which was associated with a lower value of variable fluorescence at 2 ms (VJ) in comparison with PY needles. Also, some differences were observed in needle anatomy. Current-year needles had an increased proportion of mesophyll tissue, together with decreased proportions of vascular cylinder and resin duct areas. Also, many more starch grains were present in PY than in CY needles. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that despite considerably lower chlorophyll content, CY needles exhibited photosynthetic performance better than that of older needles, which is an unusual phenomenon in woody species.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89940164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gavrilović, N. Garcia‐Jacas, A. Susanna, A. Bakhia, P. Marin, P. Janaćković
In this study, micromorphology of an involucral bract and inner and outer dimorphic cypselae of the relict Amphoricarpos elegans, endemic from western Caucasus, is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and presented here for the first time. The middle involucral bract is nearly glabrous, with a reticulate-rugulose surface and an oblong-obtusate mucro. Both cypselae exhibit similar features, viz., narrowly oblong-cylindrical or obovate shape with more or less conspicuous longitudinal ribs, an adaxial detachment area, an asymmetrical carpopodium, absence of a pericarp crown and a barbate-aristate pappus made up of narrow, subulate, basally smooth and apically barbate bristles. However, some differences are evident. The outer cypsela is glabrescent and flattened, with an obscure outline of epidermal cells lacking an end wall and with a sunken periclinal surface and striatereticulate structure. Also, the outer cypsela has two entire, narrow, lateral wings, rounded above; and less numerous pappus bristles in one row. In contrast to this, the inner cypsela has a distinct outline of the epidermal cells, which are rod-shaped with a short acute end wall, a swollen periclinal surface and reticulate structure. The pappus of the inner cypsela possesses many more bristles organised in two rows (a biseriate pappus). Also, slightly pentagonal or round nectary remnants are found in the centre of the upper part of the inner cypsela. The taxonomic value of the analysed characters is briefly discussed.
{"title":"Micromorphology of an involucral bract and cypselae of the endemic and relict species Amphoricarpos elegans Albov (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Caucasus","authors":"M. Gavrilović, N. Garcia‐Jacas, A. Susanna, A. Bakhia, P. Marin, P. Janaćković","doi":"10.2298/botserb2001037g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2001037g","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, micromorphology of an involucral bract and inner and outer dimorphic cypselae of the relict Amphoricarpos elegans, endemic from western Caucasus, is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and presented here for the first time. The middle involucral bract is nearly glabrous, with a reticulate-rugulose surface and an oblong-obtusate mucro. Both cypselae exhibit similar features, viz., narrowly oblong-cylindrical or obovate shape with more or less conspicuous longitudinal ribs, an adaxial detachment area, an asymmetrical carpopodium, absence of a pericarp crown and a barbate-aristate pappus made up of narrow, subulate, basally smooth and apically barbate bristles. However, some differences are evident. The outer cypsela is glabrescent and flattened, with an obscure outline of epidermal cells lacking an end wall and with a sunken periclinal surface and striatereticulate structure. Also, the outer cypsela has two entire, narrow, lateral wings, rounded above; and less numerous pappus bristles in one row. In contrast to this, the inner cypsela has a distinct outline of the epidermal cells, which are rod-shaped with a short acute end wall, a swollen periclinal surface and reticulate structure. The pappus of the inner cypsela possesses many more bristles organised in two rows (a biseriate pappus). Also, slightly pentagonal or round nectary remnants are found in the centre of the upper part of the inner cypsela. The taxonomic value of the analysed characters is briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"1085 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86810141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chavdar Gussev, V. Georgiev, S. Tsoneva, R. Tzonev
The present work is a floristic and phytocoenological study of rice fields in the Thracian Lowland, South Central Bulgaria. Two species new to the Bulgarian alien flora were found as a result: Heteranthera reniformis (Pontederiaceae) and Rotala ramosior (Lythraceae). The class Oryzetea sativae is documented with phytocoenological relev?s for the first time in Bulgaria.
{"title":"New floristic and syntaxonomic data from rice fields in Bulgaria","authors":"Chavdar Gussev, V. Georgiev, S. Tsoneva, R. Tzonev","doi":"10.2298/botserb2001095g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/botserb2001095g","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is a floristic and phytocoenological study of rice fields in the Thracian Lowland, South Central Bulgaria. Two species new to the Bulgarian alien flora were found as a result: Heteranthera reniformis (Pontederiaceae) and Rotala ramosior (Lythraceae). The class Oryzetea sativae is documented with phytocoenological relev?s for the first time in Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":9161,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Serbica","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76902143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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