Pub Date : 2018-01-25DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000172
Abdulazeez Aa, Al-Rawi As, Abdullah Wz, Abed Mn, F. Alhamadani, Aufi Im
A total of 125 fecal samples of infants with acute gastroenteritis were collected randomly from November 2015 to March 2016. Their ages ranged from two weeks to six months. Rotavirus was diagnosed with three detection kits as well as tissue culture. The present study results revealed that 59 (47.2%), 51(40.8%), and 44(35.2%) were positive using chromatographic immunoassay, ELISA, and PCR techniques, respectively. The histopathological changes in intestine at 2 days post infection showed congested diluted blood vessels with inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils and mononuclear cells and edema in sub mucosa in addition to necrosis of crypt and hypertrophy of goblet cells.
{"title":"The Histopathological Effect of Rotavirus in Small Intestine of Mice Isolated from Different Area of Iraq","authors":"Abdulazeez Aa, Al-Rawi As, Abdullah Wz, Abed Mn, F. Alhamadani, Aufi Im","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 125 fecal samples of infants with acute gastroenteritis were collected randomly from November 2015 to March 2016. Their ages ranged from two weeks to six months. Rotavirus was diagnosed with three detection kits as well as tissue culture. The present study results revealed that 59 (47.2%), 51(40.8%), and 44(35.2%) were positive using chromatographic immunoassay, ELISA, and PCR techniques, respectively. The histopathological changes in intestine at 2 days post infection showed congested diluted blood vessels with inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils and mononuclear cells and edema in sub mucosa in addition to necrosis of crypt and hypertrophy of goblet cells.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-8750.100006
El HadjiSeydouMbaye
{"title":"program against cancer in afghanistan","authors":"El HadjiSeydouMbaye","doi":"10.29011/2688-8750.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-8750.100006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69481070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-8750.100013
E. Mbaye
Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].
{"title":"program against cancer in bhutan","authors":"E. Mbaye","doi":"10.29011/2688-8750.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-8750.100013","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69481887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000177
S. Al-Bader
Aims: The study was conducted to identify a non-dermatophytic fungi associated with wool hairs in Erbil city. The common and dominate fungal genera were recorded, as well as the hygienic importance of all isolates were reviewed. Materials and Methods: Wool samples were collected during February 2017. Pieces of wool hair were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Cultured plates were incubated in room temperature. The growing fungi were counted and were identified microscopically. The occurrence % (O%), and the frequency of occurrence % (FQ%) for the identified genera were calculated. Results: A 22 fungal isolates belong to 16 genera beside one isolate of Actinomycetes were recognized. The Hyphomycetes represented in (10 genera 62.5%), they were (Alternaria, Aspergillus (5 sp), Scytelidium, Chrysosporium, Curvelaria, Cladosporium, Penecilium, Scpulariopsis, Fusarium and Ulocladium. Two genera belong to each of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes (12.5%) include (Chaetomium, Pseudallescheria) and (Mucor, Rhizopus) respectively Basidiomycetes and Coelomycetes represent one genus (6.25%), they were Rhodotorula and phoma. Aspergillus showed the highest O% and FO% (88%; 32.9%) followed by Cladosporium (36%; 13.8%). Conclusion: The results showed that: 1-Hyphomycetes is predominant and Aspergillus is the common genus. 2- All the recorded fungi had an effects on human health. According to the previous studies their infections ranging from mild skin mycoses to serious deep infections. 3-A 81.25% of the recorded fungal genera in this study were previously isolated from upper respiratory tract of individuals have asthma and allergic symptoms in Iraq. 4-It is the first recorded of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from wool samples in Iraq.
{"title":"The Hygienic Importance of Fungi Colonizing the Sheep Wool in Erbil/Iraq","authors":"S. Al-Bader","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study was conducted to identify a non-dermatophytic fungi associated with wool hairs in Erbil city. The common and dominate fungal genera were recorded, as well as the hygienic importance of all isolates were reviewed. Materials and Methods: Wool samples were collected during February 2017. Pieces of wool hair were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Cultured plates were incubated in room temperature. The growing fungi were counted and were identified microscopically. The occurrence % (O%), and the frequency of occurrence % (FQ%) for the identified genera were calculated. Results: A 22 fungal isolates belong to 16 genera beside one isolate of Actinomycetes were recognized. The Hyphomycetes represented in (10 genera 62.5%), they were (Alternaria, Aspergillus (5 sp), Scytelidium, Chrysosporium, Curvelaria, Cladosporium, Penecilium, Scpulariopsis, Fusarium and Ulocladium. Two genera belong to each of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes (12.5%) include (Chaetomium, Pseudallescheria) and (Mucor, Rhizopus) respectively Basidiomycetes and Coelomycetes represent one genus (6.25%), they were Rhodotorula and phoma. Aspergillus showed the highest O% and FO% (88%; 32.9%) followed by Cladosporium (36%; 13.8%). Conclusion: The results showed that: 1-Hyphomycetes is predominant and Aspergillus is the common genus. 2- All the recorded fungi had an effects on human health. According to the previous studies their infections ranging from mild skin mycoses to serious deep infections. 3-A 81.25% of the recorded fungal genera in this study were previously isolated from upper respiratory tract of individuals have asthma and allergic symptoms in Iraq. 4-It is the first recorded of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from wool samples in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"07 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000176
S. Khadka, Subhash Dhital, Baniya Jb, B. Shrestha, S. Tiwari, S. Poudel, S. Subedi, K. Kc, L. Shrestha, S. Mishra, R. Br, Upadhayay Bp, M. Sharma, Mahto Rm, G. Shakya
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a global disease causing acute hepatitis, transmitted by fecal contaminated water. In South East Asian countries like, Nepal Hepatitis E virus is a most common causative agent of sporadic viral hepatitis and outbreaks. The risk of viral hepatitis has escalated after April earth quake in Nepal. The study was done with the objective to find the prevalence of HEV specific IgM among the general population. Blood samples from 570 healthy populations were tested for HEV IgM by using the Wantai HEV-IgM ELISA, and 1.40% of the study population is found to be harboring the HEV IgM. The study fostered the low level exposure to virus with human reservoirs.
{"title":"Post-Earth Quake assessment of HEV prevalence among general population","authors":"S. Khadka, Subhash Dhital, Baniya Jb, B. Shrestha, S. Tiwari, S. Poudel, S. Subedi, K. Kc, L. Shrestha, S. Mishra, R. Br, Upadhayay Bp, M. Sharma, Mahto Rm, G. Shakya","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a global disease causing acute hepatitis, transmitted by fecal contaminated water. In South East Asian countries like, Nepal Hepatitis E virus is a most common causative agent of sporadic viral hepatitis and outbreaks. The risk of viral hepatitis has escalated after April earth quake in Nepal. The study was done with the objective to find the prevalence of HEV specific IgM among the general population. Blood samples from 570 healthy populations were tested for HEV IgM by using the Wantai HEV-IgM ELISA, and 1.40% of the study population is found to be harboring the HEV IgM. The study fostered the low level exposure to virus with human reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-8750.100011
E. Mbaye
Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].
{"title":"program against cancer in belize","authors":"E. Mbaye","doi":"10.29011/2688-8750.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-8750.100011","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69481363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000178
Marceline Dn, Gaëlle Fka, N. Julius, Paul Mf
Infectious diseases are a substantial threat to global health. Hepatitis viral infections are life threatening infections, responsible for most liver cirrhosis and cancers. In order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections; as well as the HCV genotypes of the collected isolates, a study was conducted at a hospital setting in Cameroon. Enzyme immunoassays were used for HBV and HCV screening tests; HCV genotypes and subtypes were determined using standard molecular biology and genomic techniques that involved RT-PCR, gene cloning, DNA sequencing, and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that 14.15% of the study populations were screened HBV positive; whereas 24.82% were diagnosed HCV positive. The seroprevalence was higher in men: 12.75% and 16.1% respectively for HBV and HCV infections. The majority of HBV infected were younger, whereas HCV infected people were older. HCV genotypes 1 and 4 were identified.These findings are useful for policy making in Cameroon. Furthermore, the HCV clones generated in the present study might constitute useful and representative molecular tools for vaccine and drug development.
{"title":"HBV and HCV Seroprevalence and the Predominant HCV Genotypes in a Hospital Setting in Cameroon","authors":"Marceline Dn, Gaëlle Fka, N. Julius, Paul Mf","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are a substantial threat to global health. Hepatitis viral infections are life threatening infections, responsible for most liver cirrhosis and cancers. In order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections; as well as the HCV genotypes of the collected isolates, a study was conducted at a hospital setting in Cameroon. Enzyme immunoassays were used for HBV and HCV screening tests; HCV genotypes and subtypes were determined using standard molecular biology and genomic techniques that involved RT-PCR, gene cloning, DNA sequencing, and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that 14.15% of the study populations were screened HBV positive; whereas 24.82% were diagnosed HCV positive. The seroprevalence was higher in men: 12.75% and 16.1% respectively for HBV and HCV infections. The majority of HBV infected were younger, whereas HCV infected people were older. HCV genotypes 1 and 4 were identified.These findings are useful for policy making in Cameroon. Furthermore, the HCV clones generated in the present study might constitute useful and representative molecular tools for vaccine and drug development.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-8750.100005
E. Mbaye
Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].
{"title":"program against cancer in jordan","authors":"E. Mbaye","doi":"10.29011/2688-8750.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-8750.100005","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Cancer causes more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined [1]. When countries are grouped according to economic development, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries [2]. Rates of cancers common in Western countries will continue to rise in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied [3-5]. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global population. Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities between rich and poor countries. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025 [6]. By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.4 million new cancer cases and 13.2 million cancer deaths [7]. Rates of cancers will continue to rise by 2035 with 23,980,858 new cancer cases [3-5].","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69480950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000181
B. Sj, G. Lee, H. Choi, Jung Sk, Kim Js, Oh Kb, Kim Kw, H. Yang, Kim Dh
{"title":"3D8 Single Chain Variable Fragment Transgenic Chickens Inhibit the Spread of Infectious Bronchitis Virus via Nuclease Activity","authors":"B. Sj, G. Lee, H. Choi, Jung Sk, Kim Js, Oh Kb, Kim Kw, H. Yang, Kim Dh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"07 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70457274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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