Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.205
V. S. Kumar, S. Choudhary, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, R. S. Bharath, N. Ch, rasekaran, V. Sankar, A. Sukumaran, C. Oommen
A critical review has been carried out herein for correlating the phenomenon of internal flow choking (biofluid / Sanal flow choking (PMCID: PMC7267099)) and asymptomatic cardiovascular risk of COVID-19 patients. We show that when systolic-to-diastolic Blood-Pressure-Ratio (BPR) reaches the Lower-Critical-Hemorrhage-Index (LCHI) the internal flow choking could occur in the Cardiovascular System (CVS) with and without plaque/occlusion. The critical BPR for flow choking is uniquely regulating by the Biofluid/Blood-Heat-Capacity-Ratio (BHCR). The BHCR is well correlated with BPR, blood-viscosity and ejection-fraction. The closed-form analytical models reveal that the relatively high and the low blood-viscosity are Cardiovascular Risk (CVR) factors. In vitro data shows that nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases are predominant in fresh blood samples of the human being and Guinea-pig at a temperature range of 37-40 °C (98.6-104 F). In silico results demonstrated the occurrence of Sanalflow-choking at a critical BPR leading to shock wave generation and pressure-overshoot in CVS causing memory effect (stroke history). The asymptomatic cardiovascular-risk of COVID-19 patients and others could be diminished by concurrently lessening the viscosity of biofluid/blood and flow turbulence by increasing the thermal tolerance level in terms of BHCR and/or by decreasing the BPR.
{"title":"COVID 19 Pandemic: High BPR and Low BHCR are Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"V. S. Kumar, S. Choudhary, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, R. S. Bharath, N. Ch, rasekaran, V. Sankar, A. Sukumaran, C. Oommen","doi":"10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.205","url":null,"abstract":"A critical review has been carried out herein for correlating the phenomenon of internal flow choking (biofluid / Sanal flow choking (PMCID: PMC7267099)) and asymptomatic cardiovascular risk of COVID-19 patients. We show that when systolic-to-diastolic Blood-Pressure-Ratio (BPR) reaches the Lower-Critical-Hemorrhage-Index (LCHI) the internal flow choking could occur in the Cardiovascular System (CVS) with and without plaque/occlusion. The critical BPR for flow choking is uniquely regulating by the Biofluid/Blood-Heat-Capacity-Ratio (BHCR). The BHCR is well correlated with BPR, blood-viscosity and ejection-fraction. The closed-form analytical models reveal that the relatively high and the low blood-viscosity are Cardiovascular Risk (CVR) factors. In vitro data shows that nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases are predominant in fresh blood samples of the human being and Guinea-pig at a temperature range of 37-40 °C (98.6-104 F). In silico results demonstrated the occurrence of Sanal\u0002flow-choking at a critical BPR leading to shock wave generation and pressure-overshoot in CVS causing memory effect (stroke history). The asymptomatic cardiovascular-risk of COVID-19 patients and others could be diminished by concurrently lessening the viscosity of biofluid/blood and flow turbulence by increasing the thermal tolerance level in terms of BHCR and/or by decreasing the BPR.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70047667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.203
M. Ratheesh
Curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) is a novel bio-available formulation. This formulation was made from curcumin (CM) and it comprises with fenugreek derived dietary fibre composed of galactose and mannose units. In the current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of CGM was compared with CM on carrageenaninduced acute model. The result indicated that the CGM showed the minimal dose with potent inhibitory effect than CM. CGM at 100 mg/kg bwt was found to be potent dose from carrageenan model. From the above data, we evaluated its anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant induced chronic arthritic model. Adult male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Normal control rats (NC); Adjuvant induced arthritic control rats (AA); AA+ CGM supplemented (100mg/kg bwt); AA+ indomethacin administrated (IND 3 mg/kg bwt) for 30 days. The activities of inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and radiology of rat paw tissue were analyzed. The result indicated that there was a significant increment in the levels of antioxidant enzymes on CGM supplementation. The up-regulated gene level expressions of inflammatory markers were down regulated by supplementation of CGM. Supplementation of CGM to arthritic rats significantly improved the histological findings in paw as evident by reduced the massive influx of polymorphonuclear cells infiltration and also CGM protects against excess soft tissue volume, degenerative joint changes, sub-chondral erosion and joint space narrowing by radiological analysis. This current study shows that novel bio-available formulation of curcumin as CGM has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity in experimental arthritic model.
{"title":"Curcumin-Galactomannoside Interaction Enhances the Bioavailability of Curcumin and Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated with Experimental Arthritis","authors":"M. Ratheesh","doi":"10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.203","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) is a novel bio-available formulation. This formulation was made from curcumin (CM) and it comprises with fenugreek derived dietary fibre composed of galactose and mannose units. In the current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of CGM was compared with CM on carrageenaninduced acute model. The result indicated that the CGM showed the minimal dose with potent inhibitory effect than CM. CGM at 100 mg/kg bwt was found to be potent dose from carrageenan model. From the above data, we evaluated its anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant induced chronic arthritic model. Adult male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Normal control rats (NC); Adjuvant induced arthritic control rats (AA); AA+ CGM supplemented (100mg/kg bwt); AA+ indomethacin administrated (IND 3 mg/kg bwt) for 30 days. The activities of inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and radiology of rat paw tissue were analyzed. The result indicated that there was a significant increment in the levels of antioxidant enzymes on CGM supplementation. The up-regulated gene level expressions of inflammatory markers were down regulated by supplementation of CGM. Supplementation of CGM to arthritic rats significantly improved the histological findings in paw as evident by reduced the massive influx of polymorphonuclear cells infiltration and also CGM protects against excess soft tissue volume, degenerative joint changes, sub-chondral erosion and joint space narrowing by radiological analysis. This current study shows that novel bio-available formulation of curcumin as CGM has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity in experimental arthritic model.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70048025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.201
M. Meena
Objectives: In this review article, the authors carried out a study about the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, its challenges and current situation in worldwide. This study aimed to determine the morphological characters, genome sequence, symptoms and preventions. Methodology: The pandemic of COVID-19 has very substantial medical, economic and social consequences. The study was observed during the coronavirus outbreak from December 2019 to till date. In Wuhan, China December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was found and it has been spreaded across China. Results: Coronavirus is a pandemic disease and appears major public health anxiety. This is the time to exercise restrains and caution. Whole world’s many governments, scholars and scientists are engaged for discover the proper treatment until we find the proper and right treatment for it we have to be careful to avoid infection. Conclusion: This paper included origin and morphology of the novel coronavirus and current scenario of disease, cause of disease, symptoms of disease and how to prevent from its infection. WHO officially stated the infection spreaded by a novel coronavirus and named it COVID-19. Presently, whole world is struggling with COVID-19 disease.
{"title":"SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Outbreak: A Worldwide Challenge and Contemporary Situation","authors":"M. Meena","doi":"10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.201","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In this review article, the authors carried out a study about the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, its challenges and current situation in worldwide. This study aimed to determine the morphological characters, genome sequence, symptoms and preventions. Methodology: The pandemic of COVID-19 has very substantial medical, economic and social consequences. The study was observed during the coronavirus outbreak from December 2019 to till date. In Wuhan, China December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was found and it has been spreaded across China. Results: Coronavirus is a pandemic disease and appears major public health anxiety. This is the time to exercise restrains and caution. Whole world’s many governments, scholars and scientists are engaged for discover the proper treatment until we find the proper and right treatment for it we have to be careful to avoid infection. Conclusion: This paper included origin and morphology of the novel coronavirus and current scenario of disease, cause of disease, symptoms of disease and how to prevent from its infection. WHO officially stated the infection spreaded by a novel coronavirus and named it COVID-19. Presently, whole world is struggling with COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69978426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.199
Sarah Dal Ben
As underline in our recent report entitled “Delayed age at menarche in chronic respiratory diseases”, during the routinely checkup clinicians should obtain accurate information and screen all the predictor factors for delayed puberty in adolescents with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Several studies have suggested that inflammation influences the reproductive function in chronic respiratory disease. Age at Menarche (AAM) is an important indicator of physiological development in women and delayed AAM has been associated with chronic illnesses. The aim of this commentary was reviewed the literature, reporting relevant and recent data about factors that influence AAM in adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases. Age At Menarche (AAM) is a major Darwinian parameter influencing the reproductive fitness of our species. It has a strong genetic determinants and it is influenced by body size and composition as well as by lifestyle and environmental conditions.
正如我们最近题为“慢性呼吸道疾病的月经初潮年龄延迟”的报告所强调的那样，在常规检查中，临床医生应该获得准确的信息并筛选患有囊性纤维化和哮喘的青少年青春期延迟的所有预测因素。一些研究表明，炎症影响慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的生殖功能。月经初潮年龄(Age at Menarche, AAM)是女性生理发育的重要指标，月经初潮延迟与慢性疾病有关。这篇评论的目的是回顾了文献，报告了影响慢性呼吸道疾病青少年AAM因素的相关和最新数据。初潮年龄(AAM)是影响人类生殖适应性的主要达尔文参数。它有很强的遗传决定因素，并受体型和组成以及生活方式和环境条件的影响。
{"title":"Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Age at Menarche: A Short Communication","authors":"Sarah Dal Ben","doi":"10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.199","url":null,"abstract":"As underline in our recent report entitled “Delayed age at menarche in chronic respiratory diseases”, during the routinely checkup clinicians should obtain accurate information and screen all the predictor factors for delayed puberty in adolescents with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Several studies have suggested that inflammation influences the reproductive function in chronic respiratory disease. Age at Menarche (AAM) is an important indicator of physiological development in women and delayed AAM has been associated with chronic illnesses. The aim of this commentary was reviewed the literature, reporting relevant and recent data about factors that influence AAM in adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases. Age At Menarche (AAM) is a major Darwinian parameter influencing the reproductive fitness of our species. It has a strong genetic determinants and it is influenced by body size and composition as well as by lifestyle and environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69978287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.208
Edy Parwanto
The COVID-19 outbreak was caused by SARS-CoV-2. This situation is concerning because it has created uncertainty and has become a world problem. Regarding the COVID-19 outbreak, a genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 has been carried out. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains 29.903 nucleotides (nt). The SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of the: 5’ UTR, ORF 1ab gene, S gene, ORF 3a gene, E gene, M gene, ORF 6 gene, ORF 7a gene, ORF 7b gene, ORF 8 gene, N gene, ORF 10 gene and 3’ UTR. It has been reported about the discovery of a new variant namely B.1.1.7 (20I/501Y.V1), B.1.351 (20H/501Y.V2), B.1.429 (452R.V1), P.1-lineage (20J/501Y.V3). Consequently, the presence of the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 described above affects the risk of infection in immunized individuals.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2: Genome, New Variant and Risk of Infection in Immunized Individuals","authors":"Edy Parwanto","doi":"10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0517.21.10.208","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak was caused by SARS-CoV-2. This situation is concerning because it has created uncertainty and has become a world problem. Regarding the COVID-19 outbreak, a genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 has been carried out. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains 29.903 nucleotides (nt). The SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of the: 5’ UTR, ORF 1ab gene, S gene, ORF 3a gene, E gene, M gene, ORF 6 gene, ORF 7a gene, ORF 7b gene, ORF 8 gene, N gene, ORF 10 gene and 3’ UTR. It has been reported about the discovery of a new variant namely B.1.1.7 (20I/501Y.V1), B.1.351 (20H/501Y.V2), B.1.429 (452R.V1), P.1-lineage (20J/501Y.V3). Consequently, the presence of the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 described above affects the risk of infection in immunized individuals.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69978753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-0517.21.S1.E002
S. Miller
{"title":"Summarization of the hepatitis C infection life-cycle in designed murine cell lines","authors":"S. Miller","doi":"10.35248/2161-0517.21.S1.E002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0517.21.S1.E002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69978939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.204
Jia Bainga Kangbai
Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide, with two major Classes Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Aim To compare the distribution frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of MRSA and MSSA S. aureus isolates in different clinical specimen from hospitalized Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens were investigated in 203 hospitalizes patients with wide range of ages during the period from February to May 2017. API and Vitek were used for identification and a panel of antibiotics was used to define the antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates. Results The highest S. aureus isolates were from burn swab (35%), followed by urine specimen and blood samples with (30 and 26% respectively). MSSA isolates represents (57.5%) of the total and the rest was MRSA isolates (42.5%). MRSA isolates was higher in burns and wound specimens (485 and 13% respectively) whereas the MSSA isolates were higher in blood, urine and ear specimens (29%, 38% and 3.5% respectively). MRSA were multidrug resistance to 7 antibiotics in comparison to MSSA (only two antibiotics). Conclusion MSSA isolate are more common than MRSA in clinical specimens with variable proportions in different clinical specimens. Multidrug resistance was more evident among the MRSA than MSSA.
{"title":"Is COVID-19 really sparing children?","authors":"Jia Bainga Kangbai","doi":"10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0517.21.10.204","url":null,"abstract":"Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide, with two major Classes Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Aim To compare the distribution frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of MRSA and MSSA S. aureus isolates in different clinical specimen from hospitalized Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens were investigated in 203 hospitalizes patients with wide range of ages during the period from February to May 2017. API and Vitek were used for identification and a panel of antibiotics was used to define the antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates. Results The highest S. aureus isolates were from burn swab (35%), followed by urine specimen and blood samples with (30 and 26% respectively). MSSA isolates represents (57.5%) of the total and the rest was MRSA isolates (42.5%). MRSA isolates was higher in burns and wound specimens (485 and 13% respectively) whereas the MSSA isolates were higher in blood, urine and ear specimens (29%, 38% and 3.5% respectively). MRSA were multidrug resistance to 7 antibiotics in comparison to MSSA (only two antibiotics). Conclusion MSSA isolate are more common than MRSA in clinical specimens with variable proportions in different clinical specimens. Multidrug resistance was more evident among the MRSA than MSSA.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70047618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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