Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.031
Komang Trisna Sumadewi
The liver, located within the peritoneal cavity, is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Additionally, it should be noted that the liver holds the distinction of being the largest gland within the human body, as well as the most extensive visceral tissue situated within the abdominal cavity. One of the factors contributing to the early migration of the developing intestines to an extracoelomic location during fetal development is their relatively bigger size in children, weighing between 1400 and 1800 g in adults. It contributes to the development of a distended abdomen in pediatric populations. The liver is situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and spans across the midline to the left upper quadrant. The heart remains susceptible to regular injuries despite the protective presence of ribs and cartilage. The liver, functioning as an accessory organ in digestion, undertakes several metabolic processes, including drug metabolism, bile production, and bilirubin synthesis, alongside numerous other functions. For a considerable period, medical professionals and anatomists have encountered challenges in comprehending the complex functions of the liver. Significant advancements in the comprehension of liver anatomy have contributed significantly to the notable progress observed in various surgical and interventional radiologic procedures involving hepatic artery infusion pumps, liver ablation, transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization, selective internal radiation therapy, and portal vein embolization. The existence of hepatic structure is crucial for developing and implementing gradual therapies. This page aims to provide an academic overview of the embryology, anatomy, and function of the liver.
{"title":"Embryology, anatomy and physiology of the liver: Review","authors":"Komang Trisna Sumadewi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"The liver, located within the peritoneal cavity, is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Additionally, it should be noted that the liver holds the distinction of being the largest gland within the human body, as well as the most extensive visceral tissue situated within the abdominal cavity. One of the factors contributing to the early migration of the developing intestines to an extracoelomic location during fetal development is their relatively bigger size in children, weighing between 1400 and 1800 g in adults. It contributes to the development of a distended abdomen in pediatric populations. The liver is situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and spans across the midline to the left upper quadrant. The heart remains susceptible to regular injuries despite the protective presence of ribs and cartilage. The liver, functioning as an accessory organ in digestion, undertakes several metabolic processes, including drug metabolism, bile production, and bilirubin synthesis, alongside numerous other functions. For a considerable period, medical professionals and anatomists have encountered challenges in comprehending the complex functions of the liver. Significant advancements in the comprehension of liver anatomy have contributed significantly to the notable progress observed in various surgical and interventional radiologic procedures involving hepatic artery infusion pumps, liver ablation, transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization, selective internal radiation therapy, and portal vein embolization. The existence of hepatic structure is crucial for developing and implementing gradual therapies. This page aims to provide an academic overview of the embryology, anatomy, and function of the liver.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Craniosynostosis with scaphocephaly-embryological basis and clinical relevance","authors":"Mouna Subbaramaiah, None Vyshak B N","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Craniosynostosis with scaphocephaly-embryological basis and clinical relevance - IJCAP- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2118 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2126 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.045, Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology-Indian J Clin Anat Physiol","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accessory mental foramen is an uncommon phenomenon with anatomical significance. Additional foramina pattern is a rare occurrence in which only one of the foramen is regarded as the mental foramen and the others as accessory mental foramen (AMF). The emerging patterns of the mental nerve have previously been observed. This case report describes an auxiliary mental foramen that was discovered in a face trauma patient with a mandibular right parasymphysis fracture.
{"title":"Accessory mental foramen: A peerless anatomical entity","authors":"Priyam Mitra, Kiran Radder, Poorvi Ghanti, Denis Jacob Kurian, Anil Kumar Desai","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"The accessory mental foramen is an uncommon phenomenon with anatomical significance. Additional foramina pattern is a rare occurrence in which only one of the foramen is regarded as the mental foramen and the others as accessory mental foramen (AMF). The emerging patterns of the mental nerve have previously been observed. This case report describes an auxiliary mental foramen that was discovered in a face trauma patient with a mandibular right parasymphysis fracture.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.040
Pankaj Kumar Rathi
The radial artery is a vital vessel supplying the forearm and hand. Variations in its origin can occur, leading to potential complications during clinical procedures. This cadaveric case study investigates the high origin of the radial artery in the mid-arm and its associated complications. Two cadaveric specimens were examined, at Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, and the anatomical variations were documented. The study highlights the importance of recognizing such variations and their implications in clinical practice, aiding healthcare professionals in minimizing procedural complications and optimizing patient outcomes. The tortuous course and kinking observed in this study may predispose the artery to thrombosis, spasm, or occlusion, potentially leading to ischemic complications in the forearm and hand.
{"title":"High origin of radial artery in mid-arm and possible complications: A cadaveric case study","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Rathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.040","url":null,"abstract":"The radial artery is a vital vessel supplying the forearm and hand. Variations in its origin can occur, leading to potential complications during clinical procedures. This cadaveric case study investigates the high origin of the radial artery in the mid-arm and its associated complications. Two cadaveric specimens were examined, at Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, and the anatomical variations were documented. The study highlights the importance of recognizing such variations and their implications in clinical practice, aiding healthcare professionals in minimizing procedural complications and optimizing patient outcomes. The tortuous course and kinking observed in this study may predispose the artery to thrombosis, spasm, or occlusion, potentially leading to ischemic complications in the forearm and hand.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.030
Anu Sharma, Rima Dada
Peer assessment: An effective tool to modify professional behaviour of undergraduate medical students - IJCAP- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2118 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2126 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.030, Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology-Indian J Clin Anat Physiol
{"title":"Peer assessment: An effective tool to modify professional behaviour of undergraduate medical students","authors":"Anu Sharma, Rima Dada","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Peer assessment: An effective tool to modify professional behaviour of undergraduate medical students - IJCAP- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2118 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2126 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.030, Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology-Indian J Clin Anat Physiol","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minimally invasive surgery has become one of the most accepted surgical options across the globe. In most laparoscopic surgeries, medial umbilical fold (MUF) containing the umbilical artery (UA) serves as an important landmark for creation of peritoneal flap. 50% of gynaecological laparoscopic injuries occur at the time of entry into the anterior abdominal wall, as it involves blind insertion of the trochar or veress needle in the peritoneal cavity. Any variation in the structures of the anterior abdominal wall may affect the placement location of the trocar, which is a crucial aspect to ease the surgeon’s ability to manoeuvre the abdominal cavity. The presence of cords and/or dense ligamentous structures in the anterior abdominal wall may complicate trocar insertion and restrict the probe movement during laparoscopic procedures. Hence, the aim of the present study was to classify and observe the variations in the MUF in the anterior abdominal wall. The cadavers in the study were formalin fixed through femoral artery perfusion method. Out of the 35 (23 males; 12 female) cadavers (70 MUF), studied, 34 cadavers (69 MUF) followed the pattern of the existing classification proposed by Tokar and Yucel, (2009). However, the right MUF of one male cadaver presented, patent umbilical artery (PUA) associated with a long mesentery. Based on safe presentations for laparoscopic exploration, MUF was given grades. Grades 0 and 1 were categorised as safe as compared to grade 2 and the novel variant observed, based on the morphology of MUF. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of safe presentations of MUF amongst males and females. MUF with a patent vessel and a mesentery may cause technical difficulties to the surgeon by decreasing the laparoscopic port work space and obscuring the view of lateral pelvic wall during surgeries. Furthermore, persistent UA can compress the ureter and vas deferens resulting in myriad of symptoms ranging from unexplainable flank pain, hydronephrosis to male infertility. Awareness of such variants is of relevance to urologists in determining the cause of these unexplained symptoms and to surgeons in determining the site of safe trocar insertion. The findings also, highlight the fact that anterior abdominal wall anatomy is not mirror image on both the sides.
{"title":"Patent umbilical artery in medial umbilical fold: Cadaveric study and clinical implications","authors":"Neerja Rani, Parul Kaushal, Rima Dada, Sanjay Kumar, Kusuma Harisha, Seema Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive surgery has become one of the most accepted surgical options across the globe. In most laparoscopic surgeries, medial umbilical fold (MUF) containing the umbilical artery (UA) serves as an important landmark for creation of peritoneal flap. 50% of gynaecological laparoscopic injuries occur at the time of entry into the anterior abdominal wall, as it involves blind insertion of the trochar or veress needle in the peritoneal cavity. Any variation in the structures of the anterior abdominal wall may affect the placement location of the trocar, which is a crucial aspect to ease the surgeon’s ability to manoeuvre the abdominal cavity. The presence of cords and/or dense ligamentous structures in the anterior abdominal wall may complicate trocar insertion and restrict the probe movement during laparoscopic procedures. Hence, the aim of the present study was to classify and observe the variations in the MUF in the anterior abdominal wall. The cadavers in the study were formalin fixed through femoral artery perfusion method. Out of the 35 (23 males; 12 female) cadavers (70 MUF), studied, 34 cadavers (69 MUF) followed the pattern of the existing classification proposed by Tokar and Yucel, (2009). However, the right MUF of one male cadaver presented, patent umbilical artery (PUA) associated with a long mesentery. Based on safe presentations for laparoscopic exploration, MUF was given grades. Grades 0 and 1 were categorised as safe as compared to grade 2 and the novel variant observed, based on the morphology of MUF. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of safe presentations of MUF amongst males and females. MUF with a patent vessel and a mesentery may cause technical difficulties to the surgeon by decreasing the laparoscopic port work space and obscuring the view of lateral pelvic wall during surgeries. Furthermore, persistent UA can compress the ureter and vas deferens resulting in myriad of symptoms ranging from unexplainable flank pain, hydronephrosis to male infertility. Awareness of such variants is of relevance to urologists in determining the cause of these unexplained symptoms and to surgeons in determining the site of safe trocar insertion. The findings also, highlight the fact that anterior abdominal wall anatomy is not mirror image on both the sides.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.037
Vikram Gowda N R, Nisha Kurian
In the assimilation and processing of information, students favor different choices. Fleming described the VARK learning style model that includes a questionnaire which enables us to recognize a person’s sensory modality preference in learning. It categorizes the learning styles into four: visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K). 1) To assess the learning styles of first year MBBS students of a Private Medical College in Kerala and find out prevalence of unimodal and multimodal learners. 2) To find association between scores of students in anatomy, biochemistry and physiology and their VARK categories. 3) To determine the association between gender and VARK categories. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among first year undergraduate medical students in a private medical college in Kerala. VARK questionnaire, consists of 16 multiple choice questions, was distributed to the participants after obtaining written consent. Scores of their internal assessment were also collected. The data was analyzed and the learning styles were presented as percentages. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to find the association between learning styles and gender, and the scores in internal assessment. The total number of students enrolled for the study was100. Age ranged from 17 to 22 years and females constituted 62%. It was observed that 84% students were unimodal, out of which Kinesthetic (45.2%) was the most preferred. There were 12 bimodal and 4 trimodal learners. No association between learning styles and gender as well as between learning styles and academic performance based on written and practical exams of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry were found. We found there were notable differences between males and females in unimodal kinesthetic and auditory learners in certain scores. The present study reported that unimodal learners were more frequent than bimodal and trimodal learners. There were no quadrimodal learners. The preferred method of learning amongst unimodal learners was the kinesthetic style. We found no association between gender and the preferred learning style. The study also found that there was no association between academic performance (scores) and their learning styles.
{"title":"Assessment of learning styles using VARK model in first year undergraduate medical students","authors":"Vikram Gowda N R, Nisha Kurian","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"In the assimilation and processing of information, students favor different choices. Fleming described the VARK learning style model that includes a questionnaire which enables us to recognize a person’s sensory modality preference in learning. It categorizes the learning styles into four: visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K). 1) To assess the learning styles of first year MBBS students of a Private Medical College in Kerala and find out prevalence of unimodal and multimodal learners. 2) To find association between scores of students in anatomy, biochemistry and physiology and their VARK categories. 3) To determine the association between gender and VARK categories. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among first year undergraduate medical students in a private medical college in Kerala. VARK questionnaire, consists of 16 multiple choice questions, was distributed to the participants after obtaining written consent. Scores of their internal assessment were also collected. The data was analyzed and the learning styles were presented as percentages. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to find the association between learning styles and gender, and the scores in internal assessment. The total number of students enrolled for the study was100. Age ranged from 17 to 22 years and females constituted 62%. It was observed that 84% students were unimodal, out of which Kinesthetic (45.2%) was the most preferred. There were 12 bimodal and 4 trimodal learners. No association between learning styles and gender as well as between learning styles and academic performance based on written and practical exams of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry were found. We found there were notable differences between males and females in unimodal kinesthetic and auditory learners in certain scores. The present study reported that unimodal learners were more frequent than bimodal and trimodal learners. There were no quadrimodal learners. The preferred method of learning amongst unimodal learners was the kinesthetic style. We found no association between gender and the preferred learning style. The study also found that there was no association between academic performance (scores) and their learning styles.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plethora of anatomical variations in scientific literature has made it very difficult for health care professionals like surgeons and interventionists to remember anatomical variations during the procedure and there are high chances that the variations they are going to find during a procedure will always be different from the one that is already reported in some or the other way. Finding similarities and dissimilarities with previously reported versions of variations entirely depends on experience and education of interventionists. The continuous addition of variations on one side adding to our existing scientific knowledge but on other side It is almost impractical and herculean task to remember all variations and continuous addition making it more difficult to distinguish the significant from not so significant facts and apply these facts in clinical practice. Evidence based Anatomy can do justice to this situation but robust studies related to anatomical variations are still lacking as we have plenty of case reports related to anatomical variations having many scientific flaws. As an academic exercise reporting anatomical variations may be fine but in the real world such things cause confusion and affect decision-making. We must try and learn to draw a line and avoid adding gibberish to scientific literature as an extension of our professed moral duty towards science.
{"title":"Demystifying anatomical variations- Education and clinical perspectives","authors":"Vivek Mishra, Mrinal Barua, Shelja Sharma, Prerna Chandra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"The plethora of anatomical variations in scientific literature has made it very difficult for health care professionals like surgeons and interventionists to remember anatomical variations during the procedure and there are high chances that the variations they are going to find during a procedure will always be different from the one that is already reported in some or the other way. Finding similarities and dissimilarities with previously reported versions of variations entirely depends on experience and education of interventionists. The continuous addition of variations on one side adding to our existing scientific knowledge but on other side It is almost impractical and herculean task to remember all variations and continuous addition making it more difficult to distinguish the significant from not so significant facts and apply these facts in clinical practice. Evidence based Anatomy can do justice to this situation but robust studies related to anatomical variations are still lacking as we have plenty of case reports related to anatomical variations having many scientific flaws. As an academic exercise reporting anatomical variations may be fine but in the real world such things cause confusion and affect decision-making. We must try and learn to draw a line and avoid adding gibberish to scientific literature as an extension of our professed moral duty towards science.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.033
None Balaji P A, Smitha R Varne
OH and VVS are increasingly recognized as important causes of impairment of quality of life and potentially of poor prognosis. Existing management therapies have modest effect. Recently few studies have emerged and have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga and pranayama in disorders having autonomic imbalance, suggesting its possible efficacy in OH and VVS. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of yogic practices in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) and recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS). A Medline search was done in Google chrome to review relevant articles in English literature considering the eligibility criteria that the article should focus on yoga and pranayama and its physiological effects on OH and VVS. The main outcome expected was attenuation of OH and frequency of attacks of syncope and presyncope. : Out of the total 86 articles searched, 7 articles (3 RCTs, 3 observational/interventional, 1 review) full filled the eligibility criteria and depicted that yogic practices can have positive impact in attenuation of orthostatic hypotension and reduce the frequency of attacks of syncope and presyncope, among patients with recurrent VVS. However, we recommend higher-quality RCTs in future to confirm our results.
{"title":"A systematic review on physiological role of yoga and pranayama in management of orthostatic hypotension and vasovagal syncope","authors":"None Balaji P A, Smitha R Varne","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"OH and VVS are increasingly recognized as important causes of impairment of quality of life and potentially of poor prognosis. Existing management therapies have modest effect. Recently few studies have emerged and have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga and pranayama in disorders having autonomic imbalance, suggesting its possible efficacy in OH and VVS. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of yogic practices in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) and recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS). A Medline search was done in Google chrome to review relevant articles in English literature considering the eligibility criteria that the article should focus on yoga and pranayama and its physiological effects on OH and VVS. The main outcome expected was attenuation of OH and frequency of attacks of syncope and presyncope. : Out of the total 86 articles searched, 7 articles (3 RCTs, 3 observational/interventional, 1 review) full filled the eligibility criteria and depicted that yogic practices can have positive impact in attenuation of orthostatic hypotension and reduce the frequency of attacks of syncope and presyncope, among patients with recurrent VVS. However, we recommend higher-quality RCTs in future to confirm our results.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During routine dissection of formalin fixed cadavers, the brachial plexus and other upper limb structures were observed for variations. In 65-year-old male cadaver, bilateral upper limb neuromuscular variations were identified. On the left side, median nerve had three roots (one medial and two lateral) and biceps brachii had an additional head which was originating from the mid shaft of humerus and joined with the main muscle at the lower third of arm, and was innervated by musculocutaneous nerve. On the right side, the brachioradialis muscle had an accessory head which took origin from the lateral side of humerus near deltoid tuberosity and joined with main tendon in the lower part of the forearm, and was innervated by radial nerve. The association of nerve variations and accessory muscles is clinically significant. As accessory muscle may lead to nerve or artery entrapment in the limb and is likely to cause palsy or ischemia, knowledge about the neuromuscular variations is clinically significant.
{"title":"A case report on multiple accessory muscles and nerve variations in upper limb","authors":"Priyanka Clementina Stephen, Nikilesh Sankaran, Ambiga Raman, Suman Verma, Aravindhan Kishore","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.041","url":null,"abstract":"During routine dissection of formalin fixed cadavers, the brachial plexus and other upper limb structures were observed for variations. In 65-year-old male cadaver, bilateral upper limb neuromuscular variations were identified. On the left side, median nerve had three roots (one medial and two lateral) and biceps brachii had an additional head which was originating from the mid shaft of humerus and joined with the main muscle at the lower third of arm, and was innervated by musculocutaneous nerve. On the right side, the brachioradialis muscle had an accessory head which took origin from the lateral side of humerus near deltoid tuberosity and joined with main tendon in the lower part of the forearm, and was innervated by radial nerve. The association of nerve variations and accessory muscles is clinically significant. As accessory muscle may lead to nerve or artery entrapment in the limb and is likely to cause palsy or ischemia, knowledge about the neuromuscular variations is clinically significant.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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