Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.032
Divyakshi Patel, Gauri Mahajan, Neeraj Mahajan
Infections have been linked to development of cardiovascular complaint and atherosclerosis. Cardio vascular conditions like atherosclerosis are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the ultramodern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus conformation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Lately, numerous studies have demonstrated that there are some connections between microbiota and atherosclerosis. There are three metabolite pathways by which gut microbiota can affect atherosclerosis. Either original or distant- causing inflammation which might lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Second, metabolism of lipids and cholesterol by gut microbiota can affect atheromatous atheromatous plaque conformation. Third, diet and specific factors that are metabolized by gut microbiota can have various effects on atherosclerosis; for illustration, salutary fiber is beneficial, whereas the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine- N- oxide (TMAO) is considered dangerous. We'll conclude by discussing new remedial strategies for targeting gut microbiota to ameliorate atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular issues.
{"title":"The link between gut microbiota and atherosclerosis","authors":"Divyakshi Patel, Gauri Mahajan, Neeraj Mahajan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Infections have been linked to development of cardiovascular complaint and atherosclerosis. Cardio vascular conditions like atherosclerosis are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the ultramodern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus conformation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Lately, numerous studies have demonstrated that there are some connections between microbiota and atherosclerosis. There are three metabolite pathways by which gut microbiota can affect atherosclerosis. Either original or distant- causing inflammation which might lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Second, metabolism of lipids and cholesterol by gut microbiota can affect atheromatous atheromatous plaque conformation. Third, diet and specific factors that are metabolized by gut microbiota can have various effects on atherosclerosis; for illustration, salutary fiber is beneficial, whereas the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine- N- oxide (TMAO) is considered dangerous. We'll conclude by discussing new remedial strategies for targeting gut microbiota to ameliorate atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular issues.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fibulocalcaneus (peroneocalcaneus) Internus (FCI) muscle which is also called as Peroneo calcaneus Internus (PCI) muscle (of MacAlister) is a rare variation of calf muscle with a low prevalence of <1%-3% in cadaveric dissection and imaging studies. The FCI arises from the posterior-medial aspect of the distal 1/3 of the fibula, descends posterior and lateral to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle. It than traverses the tarsal tunnel inferior to the sustentaculum tali of the Calcaneus, and get inserted into the plantar surface of the calcaneus. However, controversy exists concerning the exact location of the insertion site of FCI muscle. Recently the insertion of the FCI muscle has been described as distal to the coronoid fossa, a small depression between the anterior tuberosity and the anterior apex of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus. However, chronological descriptions described the FCI as inserting into either the sustentaculum tali itself or a small tubercle on the medical surface of the calcaneus distal to the sustentaculum tali. During routine dissection for under graduate students, about 56-year old Indian male, a Fibulocalcaneus (peroneocalcaneus) Internus (FCI) muscle was identified, which originated from the posterior medial surface of distal third of the fibula and tendon merges with 2 slip of flexor digitorum longus and get inserted on base of distal phalanx of second toe. Knowledge of the FCI muscle is important due its involvement with various ankle pathologies, including predisposing individuals to tarsal tunnel syndrome, FHL tenosynovitis, and posterior ankle impingement and pain. The FCI muscle is one of the least common muscular variants associated with the ankle joint, and it has been implicated in posterior ankle pain and impingement. This muscle is often confused with the flexor digitorum accessorius longus (FDAL) muscle. Additionally, this study describes ways to differentiate between the FCI and FDAL muscles in the lower leg. Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of this anomalous muscle when considering various diagnoses, interpreting radiographs, and pursuing surgical involvement to reduce symptoms of posterior ankle region.
{"title":"A cadaveric case study of the fibulo calcaneus internus muscle as a rare accessory muscle of calf region","authors":"Lahange Sandeep Madhukar, Vikash Bhatnagar, Archana Nivrutti Bhangare, Suwalal Gupta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"The fibulocalcaneus (peroneocalcaneus) Internus (FCI) muscle which is also called as Peroneo calcaneus Internus (PCI) muscle (of MacAlister) is a rare variation of calf muscle with a low prevalence of &#60;1%-3% in cadaveric dissection and imaging studies. The FCI arises from the posterior-medial aspect of the distal 1/3 of the fibula, descends posterior and lateral to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle. It than traverses the tarsal tunnel inferior to the sustentaculum tali of the Calcaneus, and get inserted into the plantar surface of the calcaneus. However, controversy exists concerning the exact location of the insertion site of FCI muscle. Recently the insertion of the FCI muscle has been described as distal to the coronoid fossa, a small depression between the anterior tuberosity and the anterior apex of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus. However, chronological descriptions described the FCI as inserting into either the sustentaculum tali itself or a small tubercle on the medical surface of the calcaneus distal to the sustentaculum tali. During routine dissection for under graduate students, about 56-year old Indian male, a Fibulocalcaneus (peroneocalcaneus) Internus (FCI) muscle was identified, which originated from the posterior medial surface of distal third of the fibula and tendon merges with 2 slip of flexor digitorum longus and get inserted on base of distal phalanx of second toe. Knowledge of the FCI muscle is important due its involvement with various ankle pathologies, including predisposing individuals to tarsal tunnel syndrome, FHL tenosynovitis, and posterior ankle impingement and pain. The FCI muscle is one of the least common muscular variants associated with the ankle joint, and it has been implicated in posterior ankle pain and impingement. This muscle is often confused with the flexor digitorum accessorius longus (FDAL) muscle. Additionally, this study describes ways to differentiate between the FCI and FDAL muscles in the lower leg. Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of this anomalous muscle when considering various diagnoses, interpreting radiographs, and pursuing surgical involvement to reduce symptoms of posterior ankle region.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The suprascapular notch present medial to the coracoid process serves as a passage for the suprascapular nerve which supplies the rotator cuff muscles and ligaments in the acromio-clavicular and shoulder joints. The suprascapular nerve is commonly compressed at the suprascapular notch, which can result in severe shoulder pain, weakness of the arm, restricted range of movement, and eventually, atrophy of the muscles supplied by the nerve. The syndrome of suprascapular nerve entrapment is a significant differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Unfortunately, it is often neglected while diagnosing shoulder pain or discomfort. Our study's main objective is to examine how often different morphological variations occur in the suprascapular notch and their potential role in causing suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. We grossly examined 70 scapula to identify the presence, absence and type of suprascapular notch. We documented the observed variations of the suprascapular notch by capturing photographs and organizing the findings in a table. According to our findings, Type 3 (U-shaped notch) was the most frequently observed morphological variation of the suprascapular notch, while Type 1 (absence of suprascapular notch) was the least commonly found. Our findings provide fresh perspectives when compared to prior research. Having knowledge of the morphological variations of the suprascapular notch plays a vital role in accurately diagnosing suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome using non-invasive diagnostic imaging and planning the most suitable surgical interventions.
{"title":"Morphological variations of the suprascapular notch and its clinical correlation with suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome","authors":"Vijayalakshmi Mannan Keerthi, Guna Sekhar Moorthyee Kollipara, Shruthi Sridhar, Padmalatha Kadirappa, Anushree Burade, Shiva Sandesh Hossali Math, Niranjan Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.035","url":null,"abstract":"The suprascapular notch present medial to the coracoid process serves as a passage for the suprascapular nerve which supplies the rotator cuff muscles and ligaments in the acromio-clavicular and shoulder joints. The suprascapular nerve is commonly compressed at the suprascapular notch, which can result in severe shoulder pain, weakness of the arm, restricted range of movement, and eventually, atrophy of the muscles supplied by the nerve. The syndrome of suprascapular nerve entrapment is a significant differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Unfortunately, it is often neglected while diagnosing shoulder pain or discomfort. Our study's main objective is to examine how often different morphological variations occur in the suprascapular notch and their potential role in causing suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. We grossly examined 70 scapula to identify the presence, absence and type of suprascapular notch. We documented the observed variations of the suprascapular notch by capturing photographs and organizing the findings in a table. According to our findings, Type 3 (U-shaped notch) was the most frequently observed morphological variation of the suprascapular notch, while Type 1 (absence of suprascapular notch) was the least commonly found. Our findings provide fresh perspectives when compared to prior research. Having knowledge of the morphological variations of the suprascapular notch plays a vital role in accurately diagnosing suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome using non-invasive diagnostic imaging and planning the most suitable surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.034
Neeta Gautam Shroff, Shamama Shaikh, Gautam A Shroff, Vaishali Mandhana, Sana Khan
Mandible is the strongest bone in the face region required for the process of mastication. The inferior alveolar nerve travels inside the bone in the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth. The measurement of various parameters of mandible allows the proper localisation of nerve for anaesthetic block. Also, the ratios between factors assists during surgeries. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 97 dry adult human mandibles. Height of symphysis menti, ramus breadth and height, and distance of mandibular foramen from mandibular notch and base of mandible of both sides are measured. Ratios between ramus height and breadth and distances of mandibular foramen from above mentioned landmarks were computed. The mean height of symphysis menti was found to be 25.52 ± 4.32 mm. The mean values of height of ramus on right side was 46.18 ± 4.43 mm and on left was 46.57 ± 4.24 mm. The mean breadth of ramus was 32.29 ± 3.57 mm (right side) and 32.59 ± 3.75 mm (left side). It was found that mandibular foramen was closer to the mandibular notch than to the base of mandible on both sides. The ratios between the right and left side showed no significant differences. Inferior alveolar nerve block is required in various dental procedures for which mandibular foramen localisation is must. Dimensions of mandible help in surgical restructuring. Similarly, it aids in understanding the evolution of the bone.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of adult human mandible and their ratios","authors":"Neeta Gautam Shroff, Shamama Shaikh, Gautam A Shroff, Vaishali Mandhana, Sana Khan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"Mandible is the strongest bone in the face region required for the process of mastication. The inferior alveolar nerve travels inside the bone in the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth. The measurement of various parameters of mandible allows the proper localisation of nerve for anaesthetic block. Also, the ratios between factors assists during surgeries. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 97 dry adult human mandibles. Height of symphysis menti, ramus breadth and height, and distance of mandibular foramen from mandibular notch and base of mandible of both sides are measured. Ratios between ramus height and breadth and distances of mandibular foramen from above mentioned landmarks were computed. The mean height of symphysis menti was found to be 25.52 ± 4.32 mm. The mean values of height of ramus on right side was 46.18 ± 4.43 mm and on left was 46.57 ± 4.24 mm. The mean breadth of ramus was 32.29 ± 3.57 mm (right side) and 32.59 ± 3.75 mm (left side). It was found that mandibular foramen was closer to the mandibular notch than to the base of mandible on both sides. The ratios between the right and left side showed no significant differences. Inferior alveolar nerve block is required in various dental procedures for which mandibular foramen localisation is must. Dimensions of mandible help in surgical restructuring. Similarly, it aids in understanding the evolution of the bone.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.023
Jeewandeep Kaur, A. Batra
Aging is often associated with changes in body composition that includes total fat mass and decreased total lean body mass. In addition to changes in total fat mass, visceral or centrally located fat stores increase in size. To assess the effect of increasing age on body composition parameters in young and middle-aged healthy obese females by Body Segment Analyzer and framing preventive health measures that reduce the changes in body composition during middle age, thus setting the stage for a healthy old age. The study was conducted in Department of Physiology (CRL), BPS GMC for Women, Kanpur Kalan, Sonepat. The data for this comparative study was collected from 150 females of which 75 were of group I and 75 were of group II. Group I had cover a range from 18 to 34 years and group II had cover a range from 35 to 50 years. The present study showed, the effect of age on body fat mass, fat free mass, soft lean mass and percentage body fat was found to be highly significant (p < 0.05) but skeletal muscle mass in both the groups was not found to be significant (p = 0.434).: From the present study it was concluded that age had severe effect on body composition parameters that is body fat, fat free mass, soft lean mass and percentage body fat in obese females.
{"title":"To assess the effect of increasing age on body composition parameters in young and middle-aged healthy obese females by body segment analyzer","authors":"Jeewandeep Kaur, A. Batra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is often associated with changes in body composition that includes total fat mass and decreased total lean body mass. In addition to changes in total fat mass, visceral or centrally located fat stores increase in size. To assess the effect of increasing age on body composition parameters in young and middle-aged healthy obese females by Body Segment Analyzer and framing preventive health measures that reduce the changes in body composition during middle age, thus setting the stage for a healthy old age. The study was conducted in Department of Physiology (CRL), BPS GMC for Women, Kanpur Kalan, Sonepat. The data for this comparative study was collected from 150 females of which 75 were of group I and 75 were of group II. Group I had cover a range from 18 to 34 years and group II had cover a range from 35 to 50 years. The present study showed, the effect of age on body fat mass, fat free mass, soft lean mass and percentage body fat was found to be highly significant (p < 0.05) but skeletal muscle mass in both the groups was not found to be significant (p = 0.434).: From the present study it was concluded that age had severe effect on body composition parameters that is body fat, fat free mass, soft lean mass and percentage body fat in obese females.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"04 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.016
B. Satapathy, B. Kar
Formalin, a widely used embalming fluid in the preservation of cadavers, poses significant health risks to anatomists, medical students, and the environment. This review article evaluates alternative natural and chemical substances for embalming fluid in cadaveric dissection. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on alternative embalming fluids in the past 20 years. The main outcome of interest was the effectiveness of alternative fluids in preserving cadavers for dissection. The review identified several alternatives, including Thiel's solution, modified Larssen solution, Genelyn, and natural alternatives such as honey and essential oils. Thiel's solution has emerged as a popular alternative, providing excellent preservation and flexibility of cadavers. However, the high costs and the need for specialized equipment limit its widespread adoption. Essential oils and honey have also shown potential as effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to formalin. Future research should optimise the composition and application of these alternatives to improve their cost-effectiveness, feasibility, and environmental impact.
福尔马林是一种广泛用于尸体保存的防腐液，对解剖学家、医科学生和环境构成重大的健康风险。本文综述了尸体解剖中可供选择的天然和化学防腐液。我们在PubMed, Scopus和Web of Science上进行了全面的文献检索，重点是过去20年的替代防腐液。研究的主要结果是替代液体在保存尸体以供解剖方面的有效性。该综述确定了几种替代方案，包括Thiel溶液、改性Larssen溶液、Genelyn溶液以及蜂蜜和精油等天然替代品。蒂尔的解决方案已经成为一种流行的替代方案，提供了出色的尸体保存和灵活性。然而，高昂的成本和对专用设备的需求限制了它的广泛采用。精油和蜂蜜也显示出作为有效、环保的福尔马林替代品的潜力。未来的研究应该优化这些替代品的组成和应用，以提高它们的成本效益、可行性和环境影响。
{"title":"Alternative natural and chemical substances to traditional formalin-based embalming fluid for cadaveric dissection: A review","authors":"B. Satapathy, B. Kar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Formalin, a widely used embalming fluid in the preservation of cadavers, poses significant health risks to anatomists, medical students, and the environment. This review article evaluates alternative natural and chemical substances for embalming fluid in cadaveric dissection. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on alternative embalming fluids in the past 20 years. The main outcome of interest was the effectiveness of alternative fluids in preserving cadavers for dissection. The review identified several alternatives, including Thiel's solution, modified Larssen solution, Genelyn, and natural alternatives such as honey and essential oils. Thiel's solution has emerged as a popular alternative, providing excellent preservation and flexibility of cadavers. However, the high costs and the need for specialized equipment limit its widespread adoption. Essential oils and honey have also shown potential as effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to formalin. Future research should optimise the composition and application of these alternatives to improve their cost-effectiveness, feasibility, and environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.020
Vaishakhi Gonsai, Janki Jadav, S. Kanani, Ankur Zalawadia
Greater palatine foramen gives passage to greater palatine nerve which innervates posterior part of hard palate. Anesthetic block is given to greater palatine nerve for surgical procedures over upper molar, maxillary sinus & nasal region. In this study, we measured the location of greater palatine foramen (GPF), according to clinically identifiable anatomical landmarks. All measurements were taken bilaterally & directly on dry human skulls. Observations were recorded in millimeters, using a digital vernier caliper. After the data collection, data were analyzed using the standard statistical software (SPSS). The situation of the GPF in relation to 3maxillary molar was in 25% of the skulls. The average values of the distance between the GPF & midline palatine suture (MPS) & posterior border of hard palate (PBHP) were 15.9 mm (SD 1.2) & 5.9 mm (SD 1.1), respectively.: Diverse locations of greater palatine foramen arouse difficulties in locating exact position during anaesthesia. Therefore, understanding the different positions of greater palatine foramen can help surgeons to improve their surgical procedures.
腭大孔通向支配硬腭后部的腭大神经。在上磨牙、上颌窦和鼻区进行外科手术时，麻醉阻滞给予腭大神经。在这项研究中，我们根据临床可识别的解剖标志测量了腭大孔(GPF)的位置。所有测量都是在干燥的人类头骨上进行的。使用数字游标卡尺以毫米为单位记录观察结果。数据收集完成后，采用标准统计软件SPSS对数据进行分析。与上颌磨牙相关的GPF情况占颅骨总数的25%。GPF与腭中线缝合线(MPS)与硬腭后缘(PBHP)之间的距离平均值分别为15.9 mm (SD 1.2)和5.9 mm (SD 1.1)。:在麻醉过程中，由于腭大孔位置不同，难以准确定位。因此，了解腭大孔的不同位置可以帮助外科医生改进他们的手术方法。
{"title":"Study to examine diverse locations of greater palatine foramen in dry human skulls","authors":"Vaishakhi Gonsai, Janki Jadav, S. Kanani, Ankur Zalawadia","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Greater palatine foramen gives passage to greater palatine nerve which innervates posterior part of hard palate. Anesthetic block is given to greater palatine nerve for surgical procedures over upper molar, maxillary sinus & nasal region. In this study, we measured the location of greater palatine foramen (GPF), according to clinically identifiable anatomical landmarks. All measurements were taken bilaterally & directly on dry human skulls. Observations were recorded in millimeters, using a digital vernier caliper. After the data collection, data were analyzed using the standard statistical software (SPSS). The situation of the GPF in relation to 3maxillary molar was in 25% of the skulls. The average values of the distance between the GPF & midline palatine suture (MPS) & posterior border of hard palate (PBHP) were 15.9 mm (SD 1.2) & 5.9 mm (SD 1.1), respectively.: Diverse locations of greater palatine foramen arouse difficulties in locating exact position during anaesthesia. Therefore, understanding the different positions of greater palatine foramen can help surgeons to improve their surgical procedures.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.026
Urvi Sharma, A. Tirpude, R. K. Ukey
Variations in the vascular supply of palm is commonly described. While regular cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students one such variation was reported in our college is the persistent median artery with absent superficial palmar arch. Palm arterial supply is by both palmar arches (superficial and deep). In our study, the ulnar and median arteries supply the palm of the cadaver's right extremity without forming an arch. Awareness of arterial supply of the palm is essential in surgical emergencies and procedures related to angiography.
{"title":"Persistent median artery with absence of superficial palmar arch- Case report","authors":"Urvi Sharma, A. Tirpude, R. K. Ukey","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in the vascular supply of palm is commonly described. While regular cadaveric dissection of undergraduate students one such variation was reported in our college is the persistent median artery with absent superficial palmar arch. Palm arterial supply is by both palmar arches (superficial and deep). In our study, the ulnar and median arteries supply the palm of the cadaver's right extremity without forming an arch. Awareness of arterial supply of the palm is essential in surgical emergencies and procedures related to angiography.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67627069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.025
S. Farheen, G. Shroff, Sadaf Tanveer Khan
The humerus is largest bone of the upper limb and also defines the human brachium. The shoulder joint is ball and socket joint formed by articulation of hemispherical head of humerus and shallow glenoid cavity of scapula. The sizes of Humeri & Glenoid can impact decision making during surgery for shoulder replacement and shoulder instability. Study of humerus is helpful for providing data and correlation factors which has enormous importance while making prosthesis for replacement surgery.: A retrospective study was conducted on 61 cadaveric humeri - 31 from left side and 30 from right side. Length, AP diameter, MLD and head size was calculated using vernier calliper, scale, no elastic thread and osteometer. The combined length of humerus was 309.84±17.91 mm. Left and right sided length was 308.42±17.859 mm and 311.30±17.91 mm respectively. AP diameter on left and right side was 39.10±2.791mm and 39.54±2.544 mm respectively. MLD combined was 42.959±3.264 mm and head height was 30.92±2.53 respectively. The morpho-metric dimensions of right side of humerus was more than that of left side.Proper measurements are required when surgical procedures are to be done. More studies should be conducted measuring head height.
{"title":"Morpho-metrical analysis of upper humerus- A study from Central Maharashtra","authors":"S. Farheen, G. Shroff, Sadaf Tanveer Khan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"The humerus is largest bone of the upper limb and also defines the human brachium. The shoulder joint is ball and socket joint formed by articulation of hemispherical head of humerus and shallow glenoid cavity of scapula. The sizes of Humeri & Glenoid can impact decision making during surgery for shoulder replacement and shoulder instability. Study of humerus is helpful for providing data and correlation factors which has enormous importance while making prosthesis for replacement surgery.: A retrospective study was conducted on 61 cadaveric humeri - 31 from left side and 30 from right side. Length, AP diameter, MLD and head size was calculated using vernier calliper, scale, no elastic thread and osteometer. The combined length of humerus was 309.84±17.91 mm. Left and right sided length was 308.42±17.859 mm and 311.30±17.91 mm respectively. AP diameter on left and right side was 39.10±2.791mm and 39.54±2.544 mm respectively. MLD combined was 42.959±3.264 mm and head height was 30.92±2.53 respectively. The morpho-metric dimensions of right side of humerus was more than that of left side.Proper measurements are required when surgical procedures are to be done. More studies should be conducted measuring head height.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47185877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.029
S. Goothy, R. Parvathi
Sleep is the state of unconsciousness where some of the bodily activities are increased and some are decreased. Adequate sleep is essential for homeostasis. Lack of adequate sleep is one of the major public health issues and needs major attention. Prolonged insomnia leads to excessive anxiety and suicidal ideation. The existing pharmacological therapies are effective and associated with side effects. Hence, there is a need for alternative therapy with minimum or no side effects. The vestibular system consists of minute sensory receptors which are basically for regulating posture. However, the vestibular system involves multiple functions related to homeostasis from the level of reflexes to the level of cognition. That is the reason why the vestibular system is called the sixth sense. There are multiple methods to stimulate the vestibular system. Linear stimulation by swinging on a swing, caloric stimulation, vestibular exercises, and electrical vestibular nerve stimulation. Whatever the method adopted, the important thing is the amount of stimulation applied. It should be an optimal stimulus to get beneficial effects from vestibular stimulation. Electrical vestibular nerve stimulation is a safe and non-invasive mode of stimulating the vestibular nerve. Animal studies demonstrated that rhythmical linear acceleration in mice promotes sleep. Here we review the mechanisms behind the sleep-promoting actions of vestibular stimulation. Understanding the mechanisms helps to plan the management of sleep disorders effectively.
{"title":"Neuromodulation of sleep through electrical vestibular nerve stimulation: An update","authors":"S. Goothy, R. Parvathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is the state of unconsciousness where some of the bodily activities are increased and some are decreased. Adequate sleep is essential for homeostasis. Lack of adequate sleep is one of the major public health issues and needs major attention. Prolonged insomnia leads to excessive anxiety and suicidal ideation. The existing pharmacological therapies are effective and associated with side effects. Hence, there is a need for alternative therapy with minimum or no side effects. The vestibular system consists of minute sensory receptors which are basically for regulating posture. However, the vestibular system involves multiple functions related to homeostasis from the level of reflexes to the level of cognition. That is the reason why the vestibular system is called the sixth sense. There are multiple methods to stimulate the vestibular system. Linear stimulation by swinging on a swing, caloric stimulation, vestibular exercises, and electrical vestibular nerve stimulation. Whatever the method adopted, the important thing is the amount of stimulation applied. It should be an optimal stimulus to get beneficial effects from vestibular stimulation. Electrical vestibular nerve stimulation is a safe and non-invasive mode of stimulating the vestibular nerve. Animal studies demonstrated that rhythmical linear acceleration in mice promotes sleep. Here we review the mechanisms behind the sleep-promoting actions of vestibular stimulation. Understanding the mechanisms helps to plan the management of sleep disorders effectively.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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