Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1136-1149
Juliane da Silva Sampaio, F. W. C. Andrade, V. Moutinho, Manoel Roberval Pimentel Santos, Jessica Sabrina da Silva Ferreira
The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical composition of wood and its crystallinity can help in the analysis of degradation by fungi and insects in logs of Amazonian wood species stored in a stockyard. For this study, wood from five commercial species that had been stored in an open yard for six months was used. The scale of degradation by fungi and insects, the moisture content of the logs, the total extractive content, lignin, holocellulose and the crystallinity were evaluated. It was concluded that the position of the logs in the stacks, associated with the storage time, influenced the evaluated characteristics. It was also observed that X-ray diffraction has potential for analysis of the degradation by fungi and insects in logs of Amazonian species stored in the stockyard.
{"title":"Crystallinity and chemical structure of Amazon wood species in a log yard after natural degradation","authors":"Juliane da Silva Sampaio, F. W. C. Andrade, V. Moutinho, Manoel Roberval Pimentel Santos, Jessica Sabrina da Silva Ferreira","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1136-1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1136-1149","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical composition of wood and its crystallinity can help in the analysis of degradation by fungi and insects in logs of Amazonian wood species stored in a stockyard. For this study, wood from five commercial species that had been stored in an open yard for six months was used. The scale of degradation by fungi and insects, the moisture content of the logs, the total extractive content, lignin, holocellulose and the crystallinity were evaluated. It was concluded that the position of the logs in the stacks, associated with the storage time, influenced the evaluated characteristics. It was also observed that X-ray diffraction has potential for analysis of the degradation by fungi and insects in logs of Amazonian species stored in the stockyard.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1150-1164
M. M. Smith, M. Zambrano, Mary A. Ankeny, J. Daystar, Steven Pires, J. Pawlak, R. Venditti
Microfibers and microplastics originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are significant pollutants in freshwater sources and marine environments. This research investigated the biodegradation of cotton microfibers generated from bleached cotton jersey knit fabric and commercially available flushable wipes, polypropylene-based (PP) nonwoven wipes containing a cellulose component, and tissue paper. Biodegradation was tested in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) solids, seawater, and lakewater according to the ISO 14852 and ASTM D6691 standard methods in an ECHO respirometer. Degradation experiments continued until a plateau in CO2 emissions was reached, and the final biodegradation extent was calculated relative to the theoretical CO2 produced based on elemental analysis. The results showed that the cotton and other cellulosic materials/components biodegrade to a great extent, as expected for all conditions, whereas the PP did not degrade. In general, for the cellulose polypropylene composite wipes, the cellulose biodegraded readily; the presence of the PP did not hinder the cellulose biodegradation.
源自污水处理厂（WWTP）废水的微纤维和微塑料是淡水水源和海洋环境中的重要污染物。这项研究调查了从漂白棉针织物和市售可冲洗湿巾、含有纤维素成分的聚丙烯基（PP）无纺布湿巾以及纸巾中产生的棉微纤维的生物降解情况。根据 ISO 14852 和 ASTM D6691 标准方法，在 ECHO 呼吸器中对废水处理厂（WWTP）固体、海水和湖水进行了生物降解测试。降解实验一直持续到二氧化碳排放量达到峰值，并根据元素分析计算出相对于理论二氧化碳产生量的最终生物降解程度。结果显示，棉花和其他纤维素材料/成分的生物降解程度很高，符合所有条件下的预期，而聚丙烯则没有降解。一般来说，纤维素聚丙烯复合抹布的纤维素很容易生物降解；聚丙烯的存在并不妨碍纤维素的生物降解。
{"title":"Aquatic aerobic biodegradation of commonly flushed materials in aerobic wastewater treatment plant solids","authors":"M. M. Smith, M. Zambrano, Mary A. Ankeny, J. Daystar, Steven Pires, J. Pawlak, R. Venditti","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1150-1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1150-1164","url":null,"abstract":"Microfibers and microplastics originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are significant pollutants in freshwater sources and marine environments. This research investigated the biodegradation of cotton microfibers generated from bleached cotton jersey knit fabric and commercially available flushable wipes, polypropylene-based (PP) nonwoven wipes containing a cellulose component, and tissue paper. Biodegradation was tested in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) solids, seawater, and lakewater according to the ISO 14852 and ASTM D6691 standard methods in an ECHO respirometer. Degradation experiments continued until a plateau in CO2 emissions was reached, and the final biodegradation extent was calculated relative to the theoretical CO2 produced based on elemental analysis. The results showed that the cotton and other cellulosic materials/components biodegrade to a great extent, as expected for all conditions, whereas the PP did not degrade. In general, for the cellulose polypropylene composite wipes, the cellulose biodegraded readily; the presence of the PP did not hinder the cellulose biodegradation.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1107-1118
V. Mageshwaran, Varsha Satankar, Surinder Paul
Gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic compound, limits the use of cottonseed cake (CSC) in animal feed. Different approaches have been employed to detoxify gossypol and improve the nutritive properties of feed. Microbial fermentation improves the nutritive quality of CSC by increasing lysine content and reducing free and bound gossypol. In this study, microbial fermentation was scaled up under batch conditions using a prototype device at the capacity of 40 kg per day. The mixed fungal culture C. tropicalis + S. cerevisiae was used for fermentation. An industrial trial was taken to ascertain the gossypol detoxification efficiency. The fermented CSC obtained under scale-up process had 60 to 80% and 40 to 60% reduction of free and bound gossypol, respectively, compared with raw CSC. The fermented CSC demonstrated an increase in crude protein (4 to 12%) and lysine (0.3 to 0.4%) and decrease in crude fibre (3 to 11%). The fermented CSC met the standards of US Food and Drug Administration in terms of its nutritional property. Thus, the simple method described in this study could be adopted for the production of detoxified CSC for use in the animal feed industry.
{"title":"Solid-state fermentation for gossypol detoxification and nutritive enrichment of cottonseed cake: A scale-up of batch fermentation process","authors":"V. Mageshwaran, Varsha Satankar, Surinder Paul","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1107-1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1107-1118","url":null,"abstract":"Gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic compound, limits the use of cottonseed cake (CSC) in animal feed. Different approaches have been employed to detoxify gossypol and improve the nutritive properties of feed. Microbial fermentation improves the nutritive quality of CSC by increasing lysine content and reducing free and bound gossypol. In this study, microbial fermentation was scaled up under batch conditions using a prototype device at the capacity of 40 kg per day. The mixed fungal culture C. tropicalis + S. cerevisiae was used for fermentation. An industrial trial was taken to ascertain the gossypol detoxification efficiency. The fermented CSC obtained under scale-up process had 60 to 80% and 40 to 60% reduction of free and bound gossypol, respectively, compared with raw CSC. The fermented CSC demonstrated an increase in crude protein (4 to 12%) and lysine (0.3 to 0.4%) and decrease in crude fibre (3 to 11%). The fermented CSC met the standards of US Food and Drug Administration in terms of its nutritional property. Thus, the simple method described in this study could be adopted for the production of detoxified CSC for use in the animal feed industry.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1119-1135
Parthasarathy Chandramohan, K. MAYANDI, Karthikeyan Subramanian, R. Nagarajan, Farid F. Muhammed, H. Al-Lohedan, Kumar Krishnan
Snake grass fiber was used as a supporting material in an epoxy matrix. The goal was to develop a lightweight structural material. To enhance the interfacial bonding between the snake grass (Sansevieria ehrenbergii) fiber and polymer matrices, the fiber underwent chemical treatment with NaOH. Samples were prepared with both neat and treated fibers mixed with epoxy at various volume percentages. The mechanical properties of snake grass fiber exhibited improvement with increasing fiber length and fixation, reaching optimal values at 20 mm length and 20% v/v fixation. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated superior energy absorption by the composite up to 140 °C, irrespective of repetition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated rapid degradation of untreated fiber with a residue level of 0.2%, while the snake grass composite (25% v/v) exhibited stable residue content at 11%. Microscopic evaluation using a scanning electron microscope provided insights into the morphology of the fiber surface.
{"title":"Mechanical and thermo-mechanical behaviors of snake grass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite","authors":"Parthasarathy Chandramohan, K. MAYANDI, Karthikeyan Subramanian, R. Nagarajan, Farid F. Muhammed, H. Al-Lohedan, Kumar Krishnan","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1119-1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1119-1135","url":null,"abstract":"Snake grass fiber was used as a supporting material in an epoxy matrix. The goal was to develop a lightweight structural material. To enhance the interfacial bonding between the snake grass (Sansevieria ehrenbergii) fiber and polymer matrices, the fiber underwent chemical treatment with NaOH. Samples were prepared with both neat and treated fibers mixed with epoxy at various volume percentages. The mechanical properties of snake grass fiber exhibited improvement with increasing fiber length and fixation, reaching optimal values at 20 mm length and 20% v/v fixation. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated superior energy absorption by the composite up to 140 °C, irrespective of repetition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated rapid degradation of untreated fiber with a residue level of 0.2%, while the snake grass composite (25% v/v) exhibited stable residue content at 11%. Microscopic evaluation using a scanning electron microscope provided insights into the morphology of the fiber surface.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"74 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.998-1009
J. Mun, Sung Phil Mun
The study’s goal was to investigate the delignification characteristics using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) under atmospheric pressure, intending it as a pre-treatment method for transforming low-value lignocellulosic biomass into high-performance structural materials. The lignocellulosic biomass used in this study were Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Hyun aspen (Populus alba x glandulosa), and bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), which are underutilized and low-value lignocellulosic biomass in Korea. The delignification conditions used were pH 11, liquor ratio 12.5, H2O2 (3 to 10%), temperature (25 to 100 °C), and time (1 to 24 h). Japanese cedar exhibited <30% delignification even under the most severe conditions. In contrast, Hyun aspen achieved more than double that level of delignification. However, reaching over 60% delignification was challenging. Bamboo was easily delignified, reaching approximately 80% delignification using similar conditions performed in Japanese cedar and Hyun aspen. These differences observed in AHP delignification among three species were likely to be primarily due to the structural differences and proportion of condensed units in lignin. Consequently, for Hyun aspen and bamboo, the AHP delignification process under atmospheric pressure was considered to be feasible as a pre-treatment method for high-performance structural materials.
{"title":"Alkaline hydrogen peroxide delignification of three lignocellulosic biomass under atmospheric pressure","authors":"J. Mun, Sung Phil Mun","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.998-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.998-1009","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s goal was to investigate the delignification characteristics using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) under atmospheric pressure, intending it as a pre-treatment method for transforming low-value lignocellulosic biomass into high-performance structural materials. The lignocellulosic biomass used in this study were Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Hyun aspen (Populus alba x glandulosa), and bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), which are underutilized and low-value lignocellulosic biomass in Korea. The delignification conditions used were pH 11, liquor ratio 12.5, H2O2 (3 to 10%), temperature (25 to 100 °C), and time (1 to 24 h). Japanese cedar exhibited <30% delignification even under the most severe conditions. In contrast, Hyun aspen achieved more than double that level of delignification. However, reaching over 60% delignification was challenging. Bamboo was easily delignified, reaching approximately 80% delignification using similar conditions performed in Japanese cedar and Hyun aspen. These differences observed in AHP delignification among three species were likely to be primarily due to the structural differences and proportion of condensed units in lignin. Consequently, for Hyun aspen and bamboo, the AHP delignification process under atmospheric pressure was considered to be feasible as a pre-treatment method for high-performance structural materials.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1010-1029
Nak Hyun Kim, Merry Lee, Hye Min Kwon, W. Sim, Donghyoun Kim, Samick Son, Ki Yoon Bae, Ji Young Kim, Duck Hyun Youn, Yong Sik Kim, Hyung Mo Jeong
The growing demand for high-performance next-generation lithium (Li)-based batteries has brought Li-metal anodes into the spotlight, due to their high theoretical capacity (3,860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE). However, the practical application of Li-metal anodes faces formidable challenges, primarily associated with dendritic Li growth resulting from non-uniform ion flux. Although previous studies utilizing carbonaceous materials having pores and lithiophilic atoms have demonstrated powerful performances, the complex process involving pore creation and doping with heteroatoms still has limitations in terms of cost-effectiveness. This study introduces a lithiophilic nitrogen (N)-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon (NLC) by simply reusing and carbonizing NH2-functionalized lignin (NL), an eco-friendly biopolymer derived from waste wood generated during the pulping process. The NLC offers macro-porous spaces with a rich array of N-doped sites, capable of accommodating and guiding Li deposition to facilitate uniform Li growth. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the NLC as the Li growth guiding layer in Li-metal batteries. A full cell incorporating the NLC as a Li growth guiding layer, with NCM811 as cathodes, exhibits a remarkable capacity of 145. 57 mAh g-1 even at a high C-rate of 5C and capacity retention of 90.3% (167 mAh g-1) after 150 cycles at 1C. These findings represent significant advancements compared to conventional Li-metal batteries.
由于锂金属阳极具有理论容量高（3,860 mAh g-1）和电化学电位低（-3.04 V vs. SHE）的特点，人们对高性能下一代锂（Li）电池的需求日益增长，因此锂金属阳极成为关注的焦点。然而，锂金属阳极的实际应用面临着严峻的挑战，主要与离子通量不均匀导致的树枝状锂生长有关。虽然之前利用具有孔隙和亲锂原子的碳质材料进行的研究已经证明了其强大的性能，但从成本效益的角度来看，涉及孔隙创建和杂原子掺杂的复杂过程仍然存在局限性。本研究通过对 NH2 功能化木质素（NL）进行简单的再利用和碳化，引入了一种掺杂亲锂氮（N）的三维（3D）多孔碳（NLC）。NLC 具有大孔空间，具有丰富的 N 掺杂位点阵列，能够容纳和引导锂沉积，从而促进锂的均匀生长。研究结果证明了 NLC 作为锂金属电池中的锂生长引导层的有效性。采用 NLC 作为锂生长引导层、以 NCM811 为阴极的全电池显示出 145.57 mAh g-1 的显著容量，即使在低温条件下也是如此。57 mAh g-1，并且在 1C 下循环 150 次后，容量保持率达到 90.3% (167 mAh g-1)。与传统的锂金属电池相比，这些发现代表了重大进步。
{"title":"Lignin-derived lithiophilic nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon as lithium growth guiding layers for lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Nak Hyun Kim, Merry Lee, Hye Min Kwon, W. Sim, Donghyoun Kim, Samick Son, Ki Yoon Bae, Ji Young Kim, Duck Hyun Youn, Yong Sik Kim, Hyung Mo Jeong","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1010-1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1010-1029","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for high-performance next-generation lithium (Li)-based batteries has brought Li-metal anodes into the spotlight, due to their high theoretical capacity (3,860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE). However, the practical application of Li-metal anodes faces formidable challenges, primarily associated with dendritic Li growth resulting from non-uniform ion flux. Although previous studies utilizing carbonaceous materials having pores and lithiophilic atoms have demonstrated powerful performances, the complex process involving pore creation and doping with heteroatoms still has limitations in terms of cost-effectiveness. This study introduces a lithiophilic nitrogen (N)-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon (NLC) by simply reusing and carbonizing NH2-functionalized lignin (NL), an eco-friendly biopolymer derived from waste wood generated during the pulping process. The NLC offers macro-porous spaces with a rich array of N-doped sites, capable of accommodating and guiding Li deposition to facilitate uniform Li growth. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the NLC as the Li growth guiding layer in Li-metal batteries. A full cell incorporating the NLC as a Li growth guiding layer, with NCM811 as cathodes, exhibits a remarkable capacity of 145. 57 mAh g-1 even at a high C-rate of 5C and capacity retention of 90.3% (167 mAh g-1) after 150 cycles at 1C. These findings represent significant advancements compared to conventional Li-metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1079-1106
H. Zhang, Junhui Wu
To improve sugar yields from wheat straw (WS), response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize potassium hydroxide combined urea pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of WS. Glucose and xylose yields from the pretreated WS were used as responses during the whole optimization. Potassium hydroxide concentration, time and temperature during pretreatment were found to have significant effects on sugar yields. Sugar yields could be enhanced while WS was pretreated using 45 g/L potassium hydroxide solution containing 15 g/L urea with solid to liquid ratio of 1:5 (g/mL) at 74.0 °C for 50 min. Cellulose recovery, hemicellulose recovery, and lignin removal after optimization were 98.1%, 72.6%, and 75.8%, respectively. In addition, enzyme loading, biomass loading, and reaction time during enzymatic hydrolysis also had significant effects on sugar yields. Maximal yields of glucose (610.25 mg/gds, miligram per gram dry substrate) and xylose (221.26 mg/gds) could be achieved while hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for 32.8 h with 141 g/L of biomass loading, 8.1 FPU/gds (filter paper activity unit per gram dry substrate) of enzyme loading and 0.4% (w/v) of polysorbate 80. The corresponding cellulose conversion and hemicellulose conversion were 97.2% and 90.4%, respectively.
{"title":"Optimization of potassium hydroxide combined urea pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw using response surface methodology for improving sugar production","authors":"H. Zhang, Junhui Wu","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1079-1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1079-1106","url":null,"abstract":"To improve sugar yields from wheat straw (WS), response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize potassium hydroxide combined urea pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of WS. Glucose and xylose yields from the pretreated WS were used as responses during the whole optimization. Potassium hydroxide concentration, time and temperature during pretreatment were found to have significant effects on sugar yields. Sugar yields could be enhanced while WS was pretreated using 45 g/L potassium hydroxide solution containing 15 g/L urea with solid to liquid ratio of 1:5 (g/mL) at 74.0 °C for 50 min. Cellulose recovery, hemicellulose recovery, and lignin removal after optimization were 98.1%, 72.6%, and 75.8%, respectively. In addition, enzyme loading, biomass loading, and reaction time during enzymatic hydrolysis also had significant effects on sugar yields. Maximal yields of glucose (610.25 mg/gds, miligram per gram dry substrate) and xylose (221.26 mg/gds) could be achieved while hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for 32.8 h with 141 g/L of biomass loading, 8.1 FPU/gds (filter paper activity unit per gram dry substrate) of enzyme loading and 0.4% (w/v) of polysorbate 80. The corresponding cellulose conversion and hemicellulose conversion were 97.2% and 90.4%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1030-1057
Anders Karlström, Jan Hill, Lars Johansson
Pulp refining processes are most often complicated to describe using linear methodologies, and sometimes an artificial neural network (ANN) is a preferable alternative when assimilating non-linear operating data. In this study, an ANN is used to predict pulp properties, such as shives (wide), fiber length, and freeness. Both traditional process variables (external variables) and refining zone variables (internal variables) are necessary to include as model inputs. The estimation of shives (wide) results achieved an R2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.9 (0.7) for the training and (validation) sets. Corresponding measures for fiber length and freeness can be questioned using this methodology. It is shown that the maximum temperature in the flat zone can be modeled using the external variables motor load and production instead of the specific energy. This resulted in an R2 of approximately 0.9 for the training sets, while the R2 for the validation set did not reach an acceptable level – most likely due to inherent non-linearities in the process. Additional results showed that the consistency profile is difficult to estimate properly using an ANN. Instead, a model-driven sensor is preferred to be used. The main results from this study indicate that shives (wide) should be the prime candidate when introducing advanced pulp property control concepts.
{"title":"Data-driven soft sensors in pulp refining processes using artificial neural networks","authors":"Anders Karlström, Jan Hill, Lars Johansson","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.1030-1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1030-1057","url":null,"abstract":"Pulp refining processes are most often complicated to describe using linear methodologies, and sometimes an artificial neural network (ANN) is a preferable alternative when assimilating non-linear operating data. In this study, an ANN is used to predict pulp properties, such as shives (wide), fiber length, and freeness. Both traditional process variables (external variables) and refining zone variables (internal variables) are necessary to include as model inputs. The estimation of shives (wide) results achieved an R2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.9 (0.7) for the training and (validation) sets. Corresponding measures for fiber length and freeness can be questioned using this methodology. It is shown that the maximum temperature in the flat zone can be modeled using the external variables motor load and production instead of the specific energy. This resulted in an R2 of approximately 0.9 for the training sets, while the R2 for the validation set did not reach an acceptable level – most likely due to inherent non-linearities in the process. Additional results showed that the consistency profile is difficult to estimate properly using an ANN. Instead, a model-driven sensor is preferred to be used. The main results from this study indicate that shives (wide) should be the prime candidate when introducing advanced pulp property control concepts.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.1.1058-1078
Serdar Kaçamer, Ferzan Katırcıoğlu, M. Budakçı
An Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was used to imitate the effect of household chemicals on furniture and decoration elements. For this purpose, 8 mm-thick, bright white, acrylic coated medium density fiberboard (MDF), polyvinyl chloride coated MDF, MDF lam ready-to-use sheets, and cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic, and water-based paint applied MDF sheets were used. Carbon fiber patterned decorative coating was applied to the prepared sample surfaces using the water transfer printing and ultraviolet printing methods. The surfaces of the samples were scrubbed with various household chemicals in accordance with the Turkish Standard TS EN ISO 11998. In the image processing phase, the images before and after scrubbing were first converted to hue, saturation, and value color space. The relationship between the abrasion measurement method of the proposed IPBST and the abrasion data obtained from the stereo microscope device was examined using the Pearson Correlation analysis. The relationship between both abrasion test methods was positive, very strong, and significant (0.81). Thus, the IPBST can be used as an alternative to industrial test devices as it obtains similar data.
使用基于图像处理的擦洗测试仪（IPBST）来模仿家用化学品对家具和装饰部件的影响。为此，使用了 8 毫米厚的亮白色丙烯酸涂层中密度纤维板（MDF）、聚氯乙烯涂层中密度纤维板、中密度纤维板即用板以及纤维素、聚氨酯、丙烯酸和水性涂料涂层中密度纤维板。使用水转印和紫外线打印方法在制备好的样品表面涂上碳纤维图案装饰涂层。根据土耳其标准 TS EN ISO 11998，用各种家用化学品擦洗样品表面。在图像处理阶段，首先将擦洗前后的图像转换为色调、饱和度和数值色彩空间。使用皮尔逊相关分析法检验了拟议的 IPBST 磨损测量方法与立体显微镜设备获得的磨损数据之间的关系。两种磨损测试方法之间的关系都是正相关，非常强且显著（0.81）。因此，IPBST 可用于替代工业测试设备，因为它能获得类似的数据。
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To enhance the synergistic effect of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on flame retardant property, four different phytic acid-based NP flame retardants (FR-PAN) were manufactured using phytic acid and urea with various molar ratios, ranging from 1:3 to 1:12. The FR-PAN water solution was used to impregnate poplar wood under vacuum condition, and the thermal degradation performance of the FR-PAN treated wood were investigated. Compared to untreated wood, the PAN-6 (molar ratio is 1:6) group showed a reduction of 57.1% in total heat release and 80.0% in total smoke release. In the combustion, due to the introduction of P and N, FR-PAN generates O=P/C-O/C-P/C-N bonds, forming highly graphitized char residues, which effectively isolate the entry of oxygen and heat and play a good protective role in the condensed phase. Morphological and chemical analysis of the residual char layer revealed that the introduction of P and N elements formed a more stable hybrid structure, significantly improving the thermal stability of the char layer. Among them, the PAN-6 group exhibited the highest char layer stability, indicating optimal synergistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus under these conditions.
为了增强磷（P）和氮（N）对阻燃性能的协同作用，研究人员利用植酸和尿素以不同的摩尔比（1:3 至 1:12）制造了四种不同的植酸基氮磷阻燃剂（FR-PAN）。在真空条件下，用 FR-PAN 水溶液浸渍杨木，并研究了经 FR-PAN 处理的木材的热降解性能。与未处理的木材相比，PAN-6（摩尔比为 1:6）组的总热释放量减少了 57.1%，总烟释放量减少了 80.0%。在燃烧过程中，由于引入了 P 和 N，FR-PAN 产生了 O=P/C-O/C-P/C-N 键，形成了高度石墨化的残炭，有效地隔绝了氧气和热量的进入，在凝聚相中起到了良好的保护作用。残炭层的形态和化学分析显示，P 和 N 元素的引入形成了更稳定的杂化结构，显著提高了炭层的热稳定性。其中，PAN-6 组的炭层稳定性最高，表明氮和磷在这些条件下具有最佳的协同效应。
{"title":"Phytic acid-based NP fire retardant and its effect on combustion property of poplar wood","authors":"Shenglei Qin, Yangguang Liu, Xin Shi, Xiaoshuang Shen, Demiao Chu, Shengquan Liu","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.1.955-972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.955-972","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the synergistic effect of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on flame retardant property, four different phytic acid-based NP flame retardants (FR-PAN) were manufactured using phytic acid and urea with various molar ratios, ranging from 1:3 to 1:12. The FR-PAN water solution was used to impregnate poplar wood under vacuum condition, and the thermal degradation performance of the FR-PAN treated wood were investigated. Compared to untreated wood, the PAN-6 (molar ratio is 1:6) group showed a reduction of 57.1% in total heat release and 80.0% in total smoke release. In the combustion, due to the introduction of P and N, FR-PAN generates O=P/C-O/C-P/C-N bonds, forming highly graphitized char residues, which effectively isolate the entry of oxygen and heat and play a good protective role in the condensed phase. Morphological and chemical analysis of the residual char layer revealed that the introduction of P and N elements formed a more stable hybrid structure, significantly improving the thermal stability of the char layer. Among them, the PAN-6 group exhibited the highest char layer stability, indicating optimal synergistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus under these conditions.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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