Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5978-5993
A. Al-Saif, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Ragab. M. Saad, Walid F. A. Mosa
The influence of exogenous application of the amino acids Glutamic acid (Glu), Methionine (Met), L-Tryptophan (L-Try), and Lysine (Lys) at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm was studied relative to the growth of peach trees. The trees were sprayed three times; before flowering, during full bloom, and one month later by 250 ppm Glu + 250 ppm Met + 250 ppm L-Try + 250 ppm Lys (combination 1) and 500 ppm Glu + 500 ppm Met + 500 ppm L-Try + 500 ppm Lys (combination 2), in comparison to trees that were not sprayed (control). A randomized complete block design was used. The individual application of four amino acids positively improved the shoot diameter, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and productivity as opposed to not spraying the trees. Additionally, the applied amino acids increased the fruit weight, size, firmness, length, and diameter, and the fruit content from the percentages of total soluble solids (TSS), TSS-acid, and anthocyanin contents, in contrast to the control. They also improved the fruit content from total, reduced, and non-reduced sugars as well as vitamin C and the leaf nutritional content from NPK. The application of combination 2, over the two seasons, was more beneficial.
{"title":"Amino acids as safe biostimulants to improve the vegetative Growth, yield, and fruit quality of peach","authors":"A. Al-Saif, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Ragab. M. Saad, Walid F. A. Mosa","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5978-5993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5978-5993","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of exogenous application of the amino acids Glutamic acid (Glu), Methionine (Met), L-Tryptophan (L-Try), and Lysine (Lys) at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm was studied relative to the growth of peach trees. The trees were sprayed three times; before flowering, during full bloom, and one month later by 250 ppm Glu + 250 ppm Met + 250 ppm L-Try + 250 ppm Lys (combination 1) and 500 ppm Glu + 500 ppm Met + 500 ppm L-Try + 500 ppm Lys (combination 2), in comparison to trees that were not sprayed (control). A randomized complete block design was used. The individual application of four amino acids positively improved the shoot diameter, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and productivity as opposed to not spraying the trees. Additionally, the applied amino acids increased the fruit weight, size, firmness, length, and diameter, and the fruit content from the percentages of total soluble solids (TSS), TSS-acid, and anthocyanin contents, in contrast to the control. They also improved the fruit content from total, reduced, and non-reduced sugars as well as vitamin C and the leaf nutritional content from NPK. The application of combination 2, over the two seasons, was more beneficial.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5961-5977
M. S. Almehayawi, M. Almuhayawi, Shams R. Abo El-Fadl, M. Nagshabandi, Muyassar K. Tarabulsi, S. Selim, Yasir S. Alruwaili, Ehab M. Mostafa, S. A. Al Jaouni, Tarek M. Abdelghany
Plants represent a great source of medicines, and for their components to be discovered, extraction processes must be developed, especially methods based on green technology. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was employed as a green method for Moringa oleifera extraction in the present investigation. The maximum yield of extraction was obtained at 25 MPa. Moreover, the extraction at 25 MPa induced the release of various phenols and flavonoids, as analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. The investigation revealed the concentrations of chlorogenic, gallic, rosmarinic, and coumaric acids to be 150.59, 89.90, 44.75, and 29.41 µg/mL, respectively at 25 MPa. However, their concentrations were 0.73, 1.53, 0.24, and 0.04 µg/mL, respectively at 15 MPa; vs. 4.73, 2.62, 1.06, and 0.50 at 35 MPa, respectively. Totals of saponin, flavonoid, phenolic, tannins, and alkaloid were recorded in maximum yield at 25 MPa. Moringa oleifera extracted at 35 MPa reflected highest inhibition zones of 27 ± 0.1, 30 ± 0.2, and 30 ± 0.1 mm against C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans, correspondingly. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase activities were greatly suppressed by the M. oleifera extract at 25 MPa with less IC50 (12.97 µg/mL and 6.0 µg/mL), than the IC50 (53.46 and 22.02 µg/mL) at 15 MPa, compared with acarbose IC50 (5.52 and 2.64 µg/mL), correspondingly.
{"title":"Evaluating the anti-yeast, anti-diabetic, wound healing activities of Moringa oleifera extracted at different conditions of pressure via supercritical fluid extraction","authors":"M. S. Almehayawi, M. Almuhayawi, Shams R. Abo El-Fadl, M. Nagshabandi, Muyassar K. Tarabulsi, S. Selim, Yasir S. Alruwaili, Ehab M. Mostafa, S. A. Al Jaouni, Tarek M. Abdelghany","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5961-5977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5961-5977","url":null,"abstract":"Plants represent a great source of medicines, and for their components to be discovered, extraction processes must be developed, especially methods based on green technology. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was employed as a green method for Moringa oleifera extraction in the present investigation. The maximum yield of extraction was obtained at 25 MPa. Moreover, the extraction at 25 MPa induced the release of various phenols and flavonoids, as analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. The investigation revealed the concentrations of chlorogenic, gallic, rosmarinic, and coumaric acids to be 150.59, 89.90, 44.75, and 29.41 µg/mL, respectively at 25 MPa. However, their concentrations were 0.73, 1.53, 0.24, and 0.04 µg/mL, respectively at 15 MPa; vs. 4.73, 2.62, 1.06, and 0.50 at 35 MPa, respectively. Totals of saponin, flavonoid, phenolic, tannins, and alkaloid were recorded in maximum yield at 25 MPa. Moringa oleifera extracted at 35 MPa reflected highest inhibition zones of 27 ± 0.1, 30 ± 0.2, and 30 ± 0.1 mm against C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans, correspondingly. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase activities were greatly suppressed by the M. oleifera extract at 25 MPa with less IC50 (12.97 µg/mL and 6.0 µg/mL), than the IC50 (53.46 and 22.02 µg/mL) at 15 MPa, compared with acarbose IC50 (5.52 and 2.64 µg/mL), correspondingly.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5895-5915
M. Stanciu, C. Teacă
Preservative systems based on vegetable seed oils and natural waxes from renewable sources may confer protection to wood under exposure to various environmental conditions. These, as non-toxic substances, can form an environmentally friendly and efficient protective layer on the wood surfaces, with beneficial effects on their water resistance and dimensional stability. Thus, these natural coatings may hinder biodegradation of wood products to a certain degree. In present paper, softwood samples (from Abies alba fir tree species), prepared as dried discs (25 to 30 mm diameter, 8 to 10 mm thickness), were surface impregnated by dipping using vegetable oils, namely Asclepias syriaca seed oil, and soybean oil, respectively. Beeswax treatment was also applied for comparison purposes. Surface chemistry and morphology, biodegradation process under controlled and simulated natural conditions, and water sorption behavior of wood samples were investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy methods were used for investigation of surface changes in wood samples before and after impregnation with natural based products, as well as under biodegradation conditions in soil burial tests.
{"title":"Changes of wood surfaces treated with natural-based products – Structural and properties investigation","authors":"M. Stanciu, C. Teacă","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5895-5915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5895-5915","url":null,"abstract":"Preservative systems based on vegetable seed oils and natural waxes from renewable sources may confer protection to wood under exposure to various environmental conditions. These, as non-toxic substances, can form an environmentally friendly and efficient protective layer on the wood surfaces, with beneficial effects on their water resistance and dimensional stability. Thus, these natural coatings may hinder biodegradation of wood products to a certain degree. In present paper, softwood samples (from Abies alba fir tree species), prepared as dried discs (25 to 30 mm diameter, 8 to 10 mm thickness), were surface impregnated by dipping using vegetable oils, namely Asclepias syriaca seed oil, and soybean oil, respectively. Beeswax treatment was also applied for comparison purposes. Surface chemistry and morphology, biodegradation process under controlled and simulated natural conditions, and water sorption behavior of wood samples were investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy methods were used for investigation of surface changes in wood samples before and after impregnation with natural based products, as well as under biodegradation conditions in soil burial tests.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5880-5894
A. Al-Saif, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Ahmed Ayoub, Hesham S. Abada, Walid F. A. Mosa
Fruit drop from pear trees causes serious losses in income. However, the application of plant bio-regulators improves the internal physiology of developing fruit by ensuring that they receive an adequate supply of water, nutrients, and other compounds necessary for their proper growth and development, which leads to improved size, quality, and ultimately better yield in a variety of fruit crops. This study investigated the foliar application of three plant growth regulators: CPPU at 10, 15, and 20 ppm, GA3 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm and NAA at 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The pear trees were sprayed four times: before flowering, full bloom, after three weeks, and after six weeks. The results showed that the spray of GA3 at 50 and 75 ppm gave the highest effect in increasing the shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf area, and leaf total chlorophyll. The spraying of NAA at 50 and 75 ppm was the best treatment in increasing the fruit set percentages, fruit yield, fruit weight, and fruit dimensions as well as the fruit content from soluble solids, and fruit sugars, while they reduced the fruit drop percentages comparing with the other applied treatments.
{"title":"Improving the productivity and reducing the drop percentages of fruits in pear by the external application of some plant growth regulators","authors":"A. Al-Saif, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Ahmed Ayoub, Hesham S. Abada, Walid F. A. Mosa","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5880-5894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5880-5894","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit drop from pear trees causes serious losses in income. However, the application of plant bio-regulators improves the internal physiology of developing fruit by ensuring that they receive an adequate supply of water, nutrients, and other compounds necessary for their proper growth and development, which leads to improved size, quality, and ultimately better yield in a variety of fruit crops. This study investigated the foliar application of three plant growth regulators: CPPU at 10, 15, and 20 ppm, GA3 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm and NAA at 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The pear trees were sprayed four times: before flowering, full bloom, after three weeks, and after six weeks. The results showed that the spray of GA3 at 50 and 75 ppm gave the highest effect in increasing the shoot length, shoot thickness, leaf area, and leaf total chlorophyll. The spraying of NAA at 50 and 75 ppm was the best treatment in increasing the fruit set percentages, fruit yield, fruit weight, and fruit dimensions as well as the fruit content from soluble solids, and fruit sugars, while they reduced the fruit drop percentages comparing with the other applied treatments.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5847-5861
Fred J. Eller, G. Kirker, M. Mankowski, Gordon W. Selling
The effects of the antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and the metal chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in combination with cedarwood oil (CWO) were investigated for wood preservation against subterranean termites as well as two species of white-rot decay fungi and two species of brown-rot decay fungi. Vacuum pressure impregnation was used to treat wood blocks. Resistance of the treated wood test blocks was evaluated using a no-choice bioassay for termites and a soil bottle assay wood decay fungi. Eight treatments were tested: H2O only; BHT only; EDTA only; BHT with EDTA; CWO only; CWO with EDTA; CWO with BHT; and CWO with BHT plus EDTA. For termites, the lowest percentage wood mass losses were for the EDTA, BHT, CWO, and CWO/EDTA treatments, all of which were statistically equivalent. Correspondingly, these treatments all had the highest termite mortalities at 100%. The four species of decay fungi were affected differently by the wood treatments; however, overall CWO and EDTA gave the best protection against wood mass loss. The addition of BHT did not decrease mass loss.
{"title":"Butylated hydroxytoluene and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined with cedarwood oil as wood treatments for protection from subterranean termites and wood-decaying fungi","authors":"Fred J. Eller, G. Kirker, M. Mankowski, Gordon W. Selling","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5847-5861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5847-5861","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and the metal chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in combination with cedarwood oil (CWO) were investigated for wood preservation against subterranean termites as well as two species of white-rot decay fungi and two species of brown-rot decay fungi. Vacuum pressure impregnation was used to treat wood blocks. Resistance of the treated wood test blocks was evaluated using a no-choice bioassay for termites and a soil bottle assay wood decay fungi. Eight treatments were tested: H2O only; BHT only; EDTA only; BHT with EDTA; CWO only; CWO with EDTA; CWO with BHT; and CWO with BHT plus EDTA. For termites, the lowest percentage wood mass losses were for the EDTA, BHT, CWO, and CWO/EDTA treatments, all of which were statistically equivalent. Correspondingly, these treatments all had the highest termite mortalities at 100%. The four species of decay fungi were affected differently by the wood treatments; however, overall CWO and EDTA gave the best protection against wood mass loss. The addition of BHT did not decrease mass loss.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5862-5879
Wei Wu, Wei Xu, Shuangshuang Wu
T-shaped mortise and tenon members are the main structure of traditional Chinese furniture. In this paper, the double-dovetail joint used for face-to-face joint of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is transformed into a new type of double-dovetail joint and rounded double-dovetail joint for T-shaped members of point joint structure. The ultimate pull-out test and bending strength test were carried out on the two structures and three structures of oval mortise, round rod mortise and right angle mortise. The results show that the ultimate pull-out force of the round double-dovetail joint is 39% higher than that of the double-dovetail joint, and the bending resistance capacity is 8.9% higher, and the strength and stability are better than those of other split mortises and tenons, which proves that this structure can be used in actual production, and also proves that the mortise and tenon connected by the surface has the possibility of transforming into a point connection structure. The concave structure of the rounded double-dovetail joint makes the mortise and tenon fit well, the tenon squeezed tight, and a good bonding effect was achieved. This structure can also provide greater friction and resistance, delay rubber adhesive failure and improve the stability.
T形榫卯是中国传统家具的主要结构形式。本文将橡胶木（Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg）面接用的双榫头改造成新型双榫头和圆弧形双榫头，用于点接结构的 T 形构件。对两种结构和椭圆榫、圆棒榫、直角榫三种结构进行了极限拉拔试验和弯曲强度试验。结果表明，圆形双榫卯结构的极限拉拔力比双榫卯结构的极限拉拔力高出 39%，抗弯能力高出 8.9%，强度和稳定性均优于其他分体式榫卯结构，证明该结构可用于实际生产中，同时也证明由面连接的榫卯结构具有向点连接结构转化的可能性。圆弧形双榫头的凹面结构使榫头与榫槽配合良好，榫头挤压紧密，达到了良好的结合效果。这种结构还能提供更大的摩擦力和阻力，延缓橡胶粘合失效，提高稳定性。
{"title":"Mechanical performance analysis of double-dovetail joint applied to furniture T-shaped components","authors":"Wei Wu, Wei Xu, Shuangshuang Wu","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5862-5879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5862-5879","url":null,"abstract":"T-shaped mortise and tenon members are the main structure of traditional Chinese furniture. In this paper, the double-dovetail joint used for face-to-face joint of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is transformed into a new type of double-dovetail joint and rounded double-dovetail joint for T-shaped members of point joint structure. The ultimate pull-out test and bending strength test were carried out on the two structures and three structures of oval mortise, round rod mortise and right angle mortise. The results show that the ultimate pull-out force of the round double-dovetail joint is 39% higher than that of the double-dovetail joint, and the bending resistance capacity is 8.9% higher, and the strength and stability are better than those of other split mortises and tenons, which proves that this structure can be used in actual production, and also proves that the mortise and tenon connected by the surface has the possibility of transforming into a point connection structure. The concave structure of the rounded double-dovetail joint makes the mortise and tenon fit well, the tenon squeezed tight, and a good bonding effect was achieved. This structure can also provide greater friction and resistance, delay rubber adhesive failure and improve the stability.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5793-5810
S. Selim, Yasir S. Alruwaili, Emad Manni, Muhammad Atif, M. Almuhayawi, M. Alruhaili, M. A. Bazuhair, Eman M Abdelkareem, Badriah Saleh Alammari, S. A. Al Jaouni
Efficacies of plant metabolites are known to be dependent on their extraction methods. Yields and compositions of phytoconstituents in the extract were evaluated following supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Vitex agnus-castus leaves, static extraction times (SET) for 30 min, subsequently dynamic extraction time (DET) for 30 min (condition A) and SET for 0 min followed by DET for 60 min (condition B). The extract exposed to condition B gave an extraction yield of 0.169 g compared to 0.115 g for condition A. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed compounds including cinnamic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, rutin, and caffeic acid, in high concentrations in the extract exposed to condition B. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were more affected by the condition B with 32 ± 0.1, 20 ± 0.2, 32 ± 0.2, 35 ± 0.2, and 40 ± 0.1 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Less MIC and MBC were noticed of the exposed extract to condition B than to condition A against C. albicans and bacteria. The IC50 of the extract exposed to condition B was high against ovarian tumor cells. Presently the efficacy of the exposed extract to condition B for wound healing process was documented.
众所周知，植物代谢物的功效取决于其萃取方法。在对蔓荆子叶进行超临界流体萃取（SFE）后，对萃取物中植物成分的产量和组成进行了评估：静态萃取时间（SET）为 30 分钟，随后动态萃取时间（DET）为 30 分钟（条件 A）；静态萃取时间为 0 分钟，随后动态萃取时间为 60 分钟（条件 B）。高效液相色谱分析显示，B 条件下的提取物中含有高浓度的肉桂酸、山柰酚、阿魏酸、芦丁和咖啡酸等化合物。金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌受条件 B 的影响较大，抑制区分别为 32 ± 0.1、20 ± 0.2、32 ± 0.2、35 ± 0.2 和 40 ± 0.1 毫米。与条件 A 相比，暴露于条件 B 的提取物对白念球菌和细菌的 MIC 和 MBC 更低。暴露于 B 条件下的提取物对卵巢肿瘤细胞的 IC50 值较高。目前，暴露于 B 条件下的提取物对伤口愈合过程的功效已得到证实。
{"title":"Dynamic extraction time’s effect on phytochemical characterization of Vitex agnus-castus dry biomass with healing properties and their activity against microorganisms and ovarian cancer","authors":"S. Selim, Yasir S. Alruwaili, Emad Manni, Muhammad Atif, M. Almuhayawi, M. Alruhaili, M. A. Bazuhair, Eman M Abdelkareem, Badriah Saleh Alammari, S. A. Al Jaouni","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5793-5810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5793-5810","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacies of plant metabolites are known to be dependent on their extraction methods. Yields and compositions of phytoconstituents in the extract were evaluated following supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Vitex agnus-castus leaves, static extraction times (SET) for 30 min, subsequently dynamic extraction time (DET) for 30 min (condition A) and SET for 0 min followed by DET for 60 min (condition B). The extract exposed to condition B gave an extraction yield of 0.169 g compared to 0.115 g for condition A. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed compounds including cinnamic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, rutin, and caffeic acid, in high concentrations in the extract exposed to condition B. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were more affected by the condition B with 32 ± 0.1, 20 ± 0.2, 32 ± 0.2, 35 ± 0.2, and 40 ± 0.1 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Less MIC and MBC were noticed of the exposed extract to condition B than to condition A against C. albicans and bacteria. The IC50 of the extract exposed to condition B was high against ovarian tumor cells. Presently the efficacy of the exposed extract to condition B for wound healing process was documented.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5811-5824
Petr Prochazka, Josef Abrhám
Rainforests, as invaluable natural resources, play a pivotal role globally, offering many ecosystem services such as recreation. This study aims to quantify the value of Brunei’s rainforest assets (specifically recreational areas and national parks) utilizing the Travel Cost Method (TCM), a prevalent approach for ascertaining the worth of natural sites. The tourism use of Brunei’s rainforests holds a high value, estimated at over $300,000 USD per square kilometer, which supports the argument for resource allocation towards their protection not only for ecological reasons but also for their recreational benefits. The authors posit that nature-based ecotourism can be a sustainable and protective mechanism for tropical rainforests. Practical recommendations for ecotourism include a minimalist approach to visitor regulation, limiting access to a small percentage of large recreational areas and national parks to protect flora and fauna, and possibly implementing entry or service fees.
{"title":"Evaluation of environmental assets value on Borneo using the travel cost method","authors":"Petr Prochazka, Josef Abrhám","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5811-5824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5811-5824","url":null,"abstract":"Rainforests, as invaluable natural resources, play a pivotal role globally, offering many ecosystem services such as recreation. This study aims to quantify the value of Brunei’s rainforest assets (specifically recreational areas and national parks) utilizing the Travel Cost Method (TCM), a prevalent approach for ascertaining the worth of natural sites. The tourism use of Brunei’s rainforests holds a high value, estimated at over $300,000 USD per square kilometer, which supports the argument for resource allocation towards their protection not only for ecological reasons but also for their recreational benefits. The authors posit that nature-based ecotourism can be a sustainable and protective mechanism for tropical rainforests. Practical recommendations for ecotourism include a minimalist approach to visitor regulation, limiting access to a small percentage of large recreational areas and national parks to protect flora and fauna, and possibly implementing entry or service fees.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5825-5838
Qian Wang, Yushu Chen
The design of auditorium chairs can directly reflect the image of public spaces. At present, the development of public furniture is relatively slow compared to household and office furniture. The design of auditorium chairs on the market is severely homogenized, relying on past experience and lacking scientific guidance. In order to create a better indoor public activity environment for users, from the perspective of user needs, first of all, 21 user needs for auditorium chairs were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Then, the Kano model was used to determine the attribute positioning of each demand. Finally, the FAST method was used to transform user demands into functions, assisting in the design optimization of hall chairs and promoting the future development of public furniture. The results indicate that the design of auditorium chairs must meet safety and stability, and the comfort and rechargeability of the seats are the most important needs of users. In the future, the functional design of auditorium chairs also needs to consider intelligent applications. The study applies a Kano-FAST integration method to the design innovation of auditorium chairs, providing data support for the development of furniture enterprise auditorium chairs and promoting product upgrading and optimization.
礼堂椅的设计可以直接反映公共空间的形象。目前，公共家具的发展相对于家居、办公家具来说较为缓慢。市场上礼堂椅的设计同质化严重，依靠以往的经验，缺乏科学的指导。为了给用户创造更好的室内公共活动环境，从用户需求的角度出发，首先通过半结构式访谈获取了 21 项用户对礼堂椅的需求。然后，利用卡诺模型确定了各项需求的属性定位。最后，使用 FAST 方法将用户需求转化为功能，帮助优化礼堂椅的设计，促进公共家具的未来发展。结果表明，礼堂椅的设计必须满足安全性和稳定性，座椅的舒适性和可充电性是用户最重要的需求。未来，礼堂椅的功能设计还需要考虑智能应用。本研究将Kano-FAST集成方法应用于礼堂椅的设计创新，为家具企业礼堂椅的发展提供数据支持，促进产品升级和优化。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15376/biores.19.3.5839-5846
Chen Wang, Jingyao Li, Tianyi Wang, Qing Chu, Xiaowen Wang
Bonsai is a kind of classical art in China and Japan. The traditional method of bonsai shaping of miniature trees is technical and usually requires experienced horticulturists to successfully carry out the process. In order to let ordinary people feel the fun of bonsai shaping, this paper proposes a fast bonsai shaping method, i.e., by use of a plastic guiding mold with customized shape, which is processed by fused deposition 3D printing technology. The tree seedling is bundled onto the mold, and the shape of the mold guides the growth of the tree seedling, thus achieving the purpose of bonsai shaping. In order to further improve the bending properties of the bonsai guiding mold, this paper investigated the main 3D printing parameters of ABS filament. The results showed that with the decrease of printing speed, the increase of extrusion temperature, and the increase of hot bed temperature, the bending strength and elastic modulus of ABS specimens increased, and the bending properties was enhanced; the optimal printing speed was 50 mm/s, the extrusion temperature was 230 °C, and the hot bed temperature was 80 °C. The mechanical properties of the bonsai guiding mold manufactured based on the optimal process parameters were better, the print quality was higher, and it had high practical value.
盆景是中国和日本的一种古典艺术。传统的微型树木盆景造型方法技术性强，通常需要经验丰富的园艺师才能成功完成。为了让普通人也能感受到盆景塑形的乐趣，本文提出了一种快速盆景塑形方法，即使用定制形状的塑料导向模具，通过熔融沉积 3D 打印技术加工而成。树苗被捆绑在模具上，模具的形状引导树苗生长，从而达到盆景造型的目的。为了进一步提高盆景导向模具的弯曲性能，本文对 ABS 长丝的主要 3D 打印参数进行了研究。结果表明，随着打印速度的降低、挤出温度的升高和热床温度的升高，ABS试样的弯曲强度和弹性模量增加，弯曲性能增强；最佳打印速度为50 mm/s，挤出温度为230 ℃，热床温度为80 ℃。根据最佳工艺参数制造的盆景导向模的机械性能更好，打印质量更高，具有很高的实用价值。
{"title":"Fused deposition 3D printing of bonsai tree guiding mold based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer","authors":"Chen Wang, Jingyao Li, Tianyi Wang, Qing Chu, Xiaowen Wang","doi":"10.15376/biores.19.3.5839-5846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.5839-5846","url":null,"abstract":"Bonsai is a kind of classical art in China and Japan. The traditional method of bonsai shaping of miniature trees is technical and usually requires experienced horticulturists to successfully carry out the process. In order to let ordinary people feel the fun of bonsai shaping, this paper proposes a fast bonsai shaping method, i.e., by use of a plastic guiding mold with customized shape, which is processed by fused deposition 3D printing technology. The tree seedling is bundled onto the mold, and the shape of the mold guides the growth of the tree seedling, thus achieving the purpose of bonsai shaping. In order to further improve the bending properties of the bonsai guiding mold, this paper investigated the main 3D printing parameters of ABS filament. The results showed that with the decrease of printing speed, the increase of extrusion temperature, and the increase of hot bed temperature, the bending strength and elastic modulus of ABS specimens increased, and the bending properties was enhanced; the optimal printing speed was 50 mm/s, the extrusion temperature was 230 °C, and the hot bed temperature was 80 °C. The mechanical properties of the bonsai guiding mold manufactured based on the optimal process parameters were better, the print quality was higher, and it had high practical value.","PeriodicalId":9172,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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