Gayralia brasiliensis Pellizzari, M.C. Oliveira et N.S. Yokoya (Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales), a new record for Indian waters, is described based on morphological, anatomical, and molecular characterization. Gayralia brasiliensis was growing luxuriantly towards the upper limit of the intertidal zone at Shirgaon Creek, Maharashtra, west coast of India. The thalli were pale green in color, growing mat-like on muddy substrata. Juvenile thalli were attached to pneumatophores of mangroves, and barnacles, as well as on polyethylene sheets through a rhizoidal disc. The molecular characterization verifies the presence of G. brasiliensis in western India. We observed overlapping morphological traits between G. brasiliensis and G. oxysperma. However, the ITS sequence showed 100 % similarity with no nucleotide divergence to Brazilian G. brasiliensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA sequence showed that G. brasiliensis from Shirgaon Creek forms a sister lineage to G. oxysperma.
Gayralia brasiliensis Pellizzari, M.C. Oliveira et N.S. Yokoya（Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales）是根据形态学、解剖学和分子特征描述的印度水域新记录。Gayralia brasiliensis 茂盛地生长在印度西海岸马哈拉施特拉邦 Shirgaon 溪潮间带的上限。藻体呈淡绿色，呈垫状生长在泥质基底上。幼体通过根状盘附着在红树林和藤壶的气生组织以及聚乙烯板上。分子特征验证了 G. brasiliensis 在印度西部的存在。我们观察到 G. brasiliensis 和 G. oxysperma 的形态特征有重叠。然而，ITS 序列显示与巴西 G. brasiliensis 的相似度为 100%，没有核苷酸差异。基于 ITS rDNA 序列的系统发育分析表明，Shirgaon 溪的 G. brasiliensis 与 G. oxysperma 是姊妹系。
{"title":"Gayralia brasiliensis Pellizzari M.C. Oliveira et N.S. Yokoya (Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales): a new record for Indian waters based on morphological and molecular analysis","authors":"Monica Gajanan Kavale, Mudassar Anisoddin Kazi, Kanchan Udata","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Gayralia brasiliensis</jats:italic> Pellizzari, M.C. Oliveira <jats:italic>et</jats:italic> N.S. Yokoya (Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales), a new record for Indian waters, is described based on morphological, anatomical, and molecular characterization. <jats:italic>Gayralia brasiliensis</jats:italic> was growing luxuriantly towards the upper limit of the intertidal zone at Shirgaon Creek, Maharashtra, west coast of India. The thalli were pale green in color, growing mat-like on muddy substrata. Juvenile thalli were attached to pneumatophores of mangroves, and barnacles, as well as on polyethylene sheets through a rhizoidal disc. The molecular characterization verifies the presence of <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis</jats:italic> in western India. We observed overlapping morphological traits between <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>oxysperma</jats:italic>. However, the ITS sequence showed 100 % similarity with no nucleotide divergence to Brazilian <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis</jats:italic>. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA sequence showed that <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis</jats:italic> from Shirgaon Creek forms a sister lineage to <jats:italic>G. oxysperma</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fukuyoa species are potential producers of polyether neurotoxins that are toxic to aquatic biota and humans. A strain of Fukuyoa (CSIRCSMCRI 004) was isolated from India’s Bay of Bengal coast. The clonal culture was identified using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the LSU rRNA gene and ITS (ITS1-5.8S gene-ITS2) sequences. Its toxicity was assessed using a 48 h Artemia bioassay. The morphological features observed included globular shape, descending cingular displacement, broad pentagonal 1′ plate, and large second apical plate (2′). The identity of the strain was confirmed to be F. paulensis based on the LSU rRNA gene and ITS sequences phylogenies. Strain CSIRCSMCRI 004 shared an identical sequence with the type strain of F. paulensis and other strains reported from different locations, based on the LSU rRNA gene and ITS sequences phylogenies. Exposure of brine shrimp larvae to its cellular lysate resulted in lethality (48 h LC50 = 0.256 mg ml−1) and behavioral abnormalities. The current study provides the first evidence of F. paulensis in the Bay of Bengal. It also reveals that CSIRCSMCRI 004 is toxic to susceptible biota like the brine shrimp and could produce ciguatera-associated toxins. The findings of this study highlight the need for sampling and screening of ciguatera-related species in the Bay of Bengal region to understand the associated public and environmental health risks.
{"title":"Morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity of Fukuyoa paulensis (Dinophyceae) from the Bay of Bengal, North Indian Ocean","authors":"Oyeshina G. Oyeku, Subir K. Mandal","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Fukuyoa</jats:italic> species are potential producers of polyether neurotoxins that are toxic to aquatic biota and humans. A strain of <jats:italic>Fukuyoa</jats:italic> (CSIRCSMCRI 004) was isolated from India’s Bay of Bengal coast. The clonal culture was identified using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the LSU rRNA gene and ITS (ITS1-5.8S gene-ITS2) sequences. Its toxicity was assessed using a 48 h <jats:italic>Artemia</jats:italic> bioassay. The morphological features observed included globular shape, descending cingular displacement, broad pentagonal 1′ plate, and large second apical plate (2′). The identity of the strain was confirmed to be <jats:italic>F. paulensis</jats:italic> based on the LSU rRNA gene and ITS sequences phylogenies. Strain CSIRCSMCRI 004 shared an identical sequence with the type strain of <jats:italic>F. paulensis</jats:italic> and other strains reported from different locations, based on the LSU rRNA gene and ITS sequences phylogenies. Exposure of brine shrimp larvae to its cellular lysate resulted in lethality (48 h LC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> = 0.256 mg ml<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and behavioral abnormalities<jats:italic>.</jats:italic> The current study provides the first evidence of <jats:italic>F. paulensis</jats:italic> in the Bay of Bengal. It also reveals that CSIRCSMCRI 004 is toxic to susceptible biota like the brine shrimp and could produce ciguatera-associated toxins. The findings of this study highlight the need for sampling and screening of ciguatera-related species in the Bay of Bengal region to understand the associated public and environmental health risks.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles D. Amsler, Margaret O. Amsler, Sabrina Heiser, James B. McClintock, Katrin Iken, Aaron W. E. Galloway, Andrew G. Klein
Fleshy macroalgae dominate the hard bottom, shallow waters along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Although there are numerous reports on their ecology, geographic distribution, and to a lesser extent, vertical (depth) distribution in the northern portions of the WAP, much less is known farther south along the central portion of the WAP. Here we provide the first report of the vertical distributions of brown and red fleshy macroalgae in this region based on scuba-derived collections at 14 study sites between southern Anvers Island (64.8°S, 64.4°W) in the north and central Marguerite Bay (68.7°S, 67.5°W) in the south. Although several overstory brown macroalgal species that can be common along the northern WAP including Desmarestia anceps and Cystosphaera jacquinotii are mostly absent from the central WAP, the vertical distributions of the brown macroalgae Desmarestia menziesii and Himantothallus grandifolius are similar to the northern WAP even though their percent cover is much lower. Likewise, the vertical distribution of the 14 most widespread red macroalgae, where they occur, mirrored those known from the northern part of the WAP even though macroalgal cover, biomass, and total species richness declined markedly to the south across this region due to increasing sea ice concentrations.
{"title":"Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"Charles D. Amsler, Margaret O. Amsler, Sabrina Heiser, James B. McClintock, Katrin Iken, Aaron W. E. Galloway, Andrew G. Klein","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Fleshy macroalgae dominate the hard bottom, shallow waters along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Although there are numerous reports on their ecology, geographic distribution, and to a lesser extent, vertical (depth) distribution in the northern portions of the WAP, much less is known farther south along the central portion of the WAP. Here we provide the first report of the vertical distributions of brown and red fleshy macroalgae in this region based on scuba-derived collections at 14 study sites between southern Anvers Island (64.8°S, 64.4°W) in the north and central Marguerite Bay (68.7°S, 67.5°W) in the south. Although several overstory brown macroalgal species that can be common along the northern WAP including <jats:italic>Desmarestia anceps</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cystosphaera jacquinotii</jats:italic> are mostly absent from the central WAP, the vertical distributions of the brown macroalgae <jats:italic>Desmarestia menziesii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Himantothallus grandifolius</jats:italic> are similar to the northern WAP even though their percent cover is much lower. Likewise, the vertical distribution of the 14 most widespread red macroalgae, where they occur, mirrored those known from the northern part of the WAP even though macroalgal cover, biomass, and total species richness declined markedly to the south across this region due to increasing sea ice concentrations.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"293 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unialgal stock cultures for seeding the tank water can be used for the mass cultivation of seaweeds in artificial seawater, as in microalgal mass cultivation. High costs for artificial sea salt mixtures and distilled water would be required, however, to use artificial seawater in big tanks for commercial purposes, but frequent medium changes may not be required, since the major ions contained in artificial seawater, such as sodium, will barely be utilised by the cultured algae during long periods of time, even over years. Similar growth rates were obtained at the start and end of an experiment conducted with Ulva pseudocurvata cultivated unialgally for two years without water change, at a low algal density and with weekly addition of Provasoli Enrichment. Growth in this experiment was increasingly impeded due to gamete swarming events causing dark greenish water every few weeks. The experimental water had then to be boiled in order to kill the gametes. In a second experiment, this time performed at a high algal density, maximum yield values were 20–30 g fresh weight m−2 d−1, both for 2-year-old and newly prepared artificial seawater. These results verified the hypothesis that long-term Ulva cultivation in artificial seawater is possible without frequent medium changes.
{"title":"Long-term unialgal seaweed cultivation in artificial seawater without water change. I. Laboratory investigations of Ulva","authors":"Klaus Lüning","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"Unialgal stock cultures for seeding the tank water can be used for the mass cultivation of seaweeds in artificial seawater, as in microalgal mass cultivation. High costs for artificial sea salt mixtures and distilled water would be required, however, to use artificial seawater in big tanks for commercial purposes, but frequent medium changes may not be required, since the major ions contained in artificial seawater, such as sodium, will barely be utilised by the cultured algae during long periods of time, even over years. Similar growth rates were obtained at the start and end of an experiment conducted with <jats:italic>Ulva pseudocurvata</jats:italic> cultivated unialgally for two years without water change, at a low algal density and with weekly addition of Provasoli Enrichment. Growth in this experiment was increasingly impeded due to gamete swarming events causing dark greenish water every few weeks. The experimental water had then to be boiled in order to kill the gametes. In a second experiment, this time performed at a high algal density, maximum yield values were 20–30 g fresh weight m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, both for 2-year-old and newly prepared artificial seawater. These results verified the hypothesis that long-term <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> cultivation in artificial seawater is possible without frequent medium changes.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egídia Azevedo, Margarida Barata, Maria Filomena Caeiro
Abstract The present review documents the diversity of marine fungi collected in Portuguese marine environments (sandy beaches, salt marshes and marinas) from studies over the past 30 years and results from new data. One hundred and ninety fungal species are reported (mainly identified by morphology, with 63 species at the same time identified by molecular approaches), of which 156 are currently listed as marine fungi in www.marinefungi.org . Twenty-two new species are exclusive to Portugal. Substratum specificity was observed in Portugal for 77 marine species but reduced to 26 considering the occurrence on multiple substrata for some of these species reported in other parts of the world. Worldwide data also confirmed a core group of more than 20 generalist marine fungi, which colonized the different categories of substrata (woody, herbaceous, and other marine sources). Most marine species are exclusively saprobes (100) or saprobe/parasite/pathogen (27). Temperate (85) and cosmopolitan (45) species are dominant, but some species were also found in tropical or tropical/subtropical regions (7 and 4, respectively). Ascomycota species were the dominant group (184), mostly as asexual morphs (120); with few Basidiomycota (5 species) and Mucoromycota (1 species). Acrostalagmus luteoalbus , Cladosporium tenuissimum , Nigrospora sphaerica , Scedosporium boydii , Stemphylium vesicarium , and Trichoderma lixii are new records for Portugal. Other species were isolated in Portugal for the first time on new substrata: Stachybotrys chartarum (from seawater), Corollospora maritima and Zalerion maritima (from sand), and Lulworthia cf. purpurea (from a drift culm).
{"title":"Assessing fungi in Portuguese marine environments: how many species?","authors":"Egídia Azevedo, Margarida Barata, Maria Filomena Caeiro","doi":"10.1515/bot-2022-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present review documents the diversity of marine fungi collected in Portuguese marine environments (sandy beaches, salt marshes and marinas) from studies over the past 30 years and results from new data. One hundred and ninety fungal species are reported (mainly identified by morphology, with 63 species at the same time identified by molecular approaches), of which 156 are currently listed as marine fungi in www.marinefungi.org . Twenty-two new species are exclusive to Portugal. Substratum specificity was observed in Portugal for 77 marine species but reduced to 26 considering the occurrence on multiple substrata for some of these species reported in other parts of the world. Worldwide data also confirmed a core group of more than 20 generalist marine fungi, which colonized the different categories of substrata (woody, herbaceous, and other marine sources). Most marine species are exclusively saprobes (100) or saprobe/parasite/pathogen (27). Temperate (85) and cosmopolitan (45) species are dominant, but some species were also found in tropical or tropical/subtropical regions (7 and 4, respectively). Ascomycota species were the dominant group (184), mostly as asexual morphs (120); with few Basidiomycota (5 species) and Mucoromycota (1 species). Acrostalagmus luteoalbus , Cladosporium tenuissimum , Nigrospora sphaerica , Scedosporium boydii , Stemphylium vesicarium , and Trichoderma lixii are new records for Portugal. Other species were isolated in Portugal for the first time on new substrata: Stachybotrys chartarum (from seawater), Corollospora maritima and Zalerion maritima (from sand), and Lulworthia cf. purpurea (from a drift culm).","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"57 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Ali H. Bahkali
Abstract Crypthecodinium cohnii strains can accumulate significant amounts of lipids with a high fraction of docosahexaenoic acid that is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. In this study, macroalgal hydrolysate was used as a low-cost carbon source for the growth of the oleaginous strain Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 to reduce the cost of its growth and lipid production. The Saudi strain was placed in the genus Crypthecodinium with high statistical support based on the sequences of three concatenated genes (SSU, ITS, and LSU rDNA). Crypthecodinium sp. AL-05 was grown on four different glucose concentrations and three different macroalgal hydrolysate concentrations: 20, 40, and 80 g l −1 . We also used the same concentrations of macroalgal hydrolysate with 10 g l −1 of four carbon sources: acetic acid, glycerol, glucose, and sugarcane molasses. Glucose (40 g l −1 ) gave the best results, followed by 80 g l −1 macroalgae alone and with glucose or molasses. One-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction post-hoc test showed that the dry weight of Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 produced using the following carbon sources: the four concentrations of the pure glucose, 80 g l −1 macroalgae alone, 40 and 80 g l −1 macroalgae + glucose, 40 and 80 g l 1 macroalgae + molasses were significantly higher than the other 10 carbon sources tested. Three carbon sources (20 g l −1 macroalgae with glucose, molasses and acetic acid) produced percentages of lipids that were significantly lower than the other 16 carbon sources. For the first time, our research shows that the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium AL–05 can be successfully grown on macroalgal hydrolysate, which can be used in industrial processes. Importantly, Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 grown on 80 g l −1 macroalgae produced only saturated fatty acids, of which caprylic acid represented 43.45 % of the total fatty acids. Caprylic acid is widely used in industry and pharmaceuticals and the Saudi isolate can be used for its commercial production using macroalgae as a carbon source.
{"title":"The use of macroalgal hydrolysate as a carbon source in the lipid production of the marine heterotrophic dinoflagellate <i>Crypthecodinium</i> AL–05","authors":"Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Ali H. Bahkali","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crypthecodinium cohnii strains can accumulate significant amounts of lipids with a high fraction of docosahexaenoic acid that is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. In this study, macroalgal hydrolysate was used as a low-cost carbon source for the growth of the oleaginous strain Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 to reduce the cost of its growth and lipid production. The Saudi strain was placed in the genus Crypthecodinium with high statistical support based on the sequences of three concatenated genes (SSU, ITS, and LSU rDNA). Crypthecodinium sp. AL-05 was grown on four different glucose concentrations and three different macroalgal hydrolysate concentrations: 20, 40, and 80 g l −1 . We also used the same concentrations of macroalgal hydrolysate with 10 g l −1 of four carbon sources: acetic acid, glycerol, glucose, and sugarcane molasses. Glucose (40 g l −1 ) gave the best results, followed by 80 g l −1 macroalgae alone and with glucose or molasses. One-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction post-hoc test showed that the dry weight of Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 produced using the following carbon sources: the four concentrations of the pure glucose, 80 g l −1 macroalgae alone, 40 and 80 g l −1 macroalgae + glucose, 40 and 80 g l 1 macroalgae + molasses were significantly higher than the other 10 carbon sources tested. Three carbon sources (20 g l −1 macroalgae with glucose, molasses and acetic acid) produced percentages of lipids that were significantly lower than the other 16 carbon sources. For the first time, our research shows that the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium AL–05 can be successfully grown on macroalgal hydrolysate, which can be used in industrial processes. Importantly, Crypthecodinium sp. AL–05 grown on 80 g l −1 macroalgae produced only saturated fatty acids, of which caprylic acid represented 43.45 % of the total fatty acids. Caprylic acid is widely used in industry and pharmaceuticals and the Saudi isolate can be used for its commercial production using macroalgae as a carbon source.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"239 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela G. Bartolo, Gabrielle Zammit, Eleni Kytinou, Frithjof Christian Küpper
Abstract The identification of macroalgal species within the Laurencia complex is challenging, due to the presence of inconspicuous morphological characters, extensive variation in these traits and a diverse biogeography. Moreover, for a number of these species, no DNA sequence data are available in online databases. For this study, five algal specimens, tentatively assigned to Laurencia , were collected from Malta in the central Mediterranean Sea and studied using an integrative systematics approach. An analysis of the data resulted in the description of a new species, Laurencia mediterranea using combined morphological and molecular criteria, including COI-5P and rbc L. Morphologically L. mediterranea sp. nov. was distinct from other Laurencia spp. in the type of holdfast, the colour and shape of the thallus, the presence of secondary pit connections, lenticular thickenings and ‘corps en cerise’ . Moreover, a new genetic species cluster indicated a separate taxon at the species level. Our study demonstrates that genetic sequences having clear links to sample metadata and digital herbaria are indispensable for macroalgal biodiversity research. This approach could offer a solution for algal taxonomy in cases where biogeography is important and limited sequence data exist in online DNA libraries.
由于存在不明显的形态特征，这些特征的广泛变化以及生物地理的多样性，在劳伦西亚复合体内鉴定大藻物种是具有挑战性的。此外，其中一些物种的DNA序列数据在在线数据库中是不可用的。在本研究中，从地中海中部的马耳他收集了5个藻类标本，并采用综合系统学方法对其进行了研究，暂定为劳伦西亚。利用形态学和分子结合的标准，包括COI-5P和rbc L.对这些数据进行了分析，结果发现了一个新种——地中海月桂属(Laurencia mediterranea)。从形态学上看，地中海月桂属与其他月桂属植物在持壳类型、菌体的颜色和形状、次生坑连接的存在、透镜体增厚和“corps en cerise”等方面都有所不同。此外，一个新的遗传种簇在种水平上显示了一个独立的分类单元。我们的研究表明，与样本元数据和数字植物标本库有明确联系的基因序列对于大型藻类生物多样性研究是必不可少的。这种方法可以为生物地理学重要且在线DNA文库中序列数据有限的藻类分类提供解决方案。
{"title":"<i>Laurencia mediterranea</i> sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the central Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Angela G. Bartolo, Gabrielle Zammit, Eleni Kytinou, Frithjof Christian Küpper","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The identification of macroalgal species within the Laurencia complex is challenging, due to the presence of inconspicuous morphological characters, extensive variation in these traits and a diverse biogeography. Moreover, for a number of these species, no DNA sequence data are available in online databases. For this study, five algal specimens, tentatively assigned to Laurencia , were collected from Malta in the central Mediterranean Sea and studied using an integrative systematics approach. An analysis of the data resulted in the description of a new species, Laurencia mediterranea using combined morphological and molecular criteria, including COI-5P and rbc L. Morphologically L. mediterranea sp. nov. was distinct from other Laurencia spp. in the type of holdfast, the colour and shape of the thallus, the presence of secondary pit connections, lenticular thickenings and ‘corps en cerise’ . Moreover, a new genetic species cluster indicated a separate taxon at the species level. Our study demonstrates that genetic sequences having clear links to sample metadata and digital herbaria are indispensable for macroalgal biodiversity research. This approach could offer a solution for algal taxonomy in cases where biogeography is important and limited sequence data exist in online DNA libraries.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"53 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David U. Hernández-Becerril, Jorge G. Pichardo-Velarde, Rosalba Alonso-Rodríguez, Ebodio Maciel-Baltazar, Lourdes Morquecho, Karina Esqueda-Lara, Sofía A. Barón-Campis, Nataly Quiroz-González
Abstract Species of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium are marine and planktonic forms, widely distributed, and some are recognized to form harmful algal blooms and to produce saxitoxins causing Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in humans, and other toxins. We studied the species composition of Alexandrium in tropical and subtropical coastal areas of the Mexican Pacific: from the southern Gulf of California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Eleven Alexandrium species were identified, described, and illustrated using light microscopy, and occasionally scanning electron microscopy for certain species. Additionally, the genetic characterization of seven strains and four species, was performed, using sequences of the D1/D2 LSU rDNA and ITS regions. We identified the species (morphospecies): Alexandrium affine , A . gaarderae , A . globosum , A . leei , A . margalefii , A . minutum , A . monilatum , A. pseudogonyaulax , A . tamarense , A . tamiyavanichii , and A . tropicale . Of these, A. affine , A . leei , A . minutum , A . monilatum , A. pseudogonyaulax , A . tamarense and A . tamiyavanichii have been widely recognized as harmful algae. Alexandrium gaarderae , A . globosum and A . tropicale are new records for the Mexican Pacific. This is the first morphological documentation of A. pseudogonyaulax . Future studies of the genus might increase its species richness if more cultures are established and metabarcoding approach is used.
二鞭毛藻属亚历山大藻属属是海洋和浮游生物，分布广泛，其中一些被认为可以形成有害的藻华，产生导致人类麻痹性贝类中毒的蛤毒素等毒素。本文研究了墨西哥太平洋热带和亚热带沿海地区从加利福尼亚湾南部到特万特佩克湾的亚历山大属植物的种类组成。利用光学显微镜对11种亚历山大属植物进行了鉴定、描述和说明，偶尔也用扫描电子显微镜对某些物种进行了说明。此外，利用D1/D2 LSU rDNA和ITS区域的序列，对7株和4种进行了遗传鉴定。我们鉴定的种(形态种):仿射亚历山大，A。园丁，A;解析:A。李，A。玛格莱菲，A。答案:A。monilatum, A. pseudogonyaulax, A。tamarense, A。tamiyavanichii;硕士。其中，A，仿射，A。李，A。答案:A。monilatum, A. pseudogonyaulax, A。tamarense和A。水藻已被广泛认为是有害藻类。亚历山德拉(Alexandrium gaarderae);选A。热带气旋是墨西哥太平洋的新纪录。这是假骨芽孢霉的第一次形态学记录。如果建立更多的培养物并采用元条形码方法，可能会增加该属植物的物种丰富度。
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus <i>Alexandrium</i> (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean","authors":"David U. Hernández-Becerril, Jorge G. Pichardo-Velarde, Rosalba Alonso-Rodríguez, Ebodio Maciel-Baltazar, Lourdes Morquecho, Karina Esqueda-Lara, Sofía A. Barón-Campis, Nataly Quiroz-González","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium are marine and planktonic forms, widely distributed, and some are recognized to form harmful algal blooms and to produce saxitoxins causing Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in humans, and other toxins. We studied the species composition of Alexandrium in tropical and subtropical coastal areas of the Mexican Pacific: from the southern Gulf of California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Eleven Alexandrium species were identified, described, and illustrated using light microscopy, and occasionally scanning electron microscopy for certain species. Additionally, the genetic characterization of seven strains and four species, was performed, using sequences of the D1/D2 LSU rDNA and ITS regions. We identified the species (morphospecies): Alexandrium affine , A . gaarderae , A . globosum , A . leei , A . margalefii , A . minutum , A . monilatum , A. pseudogonyaulax , A . tamarense , A . tamiyavanichii , and A . tropicale . Of these, A. affine , A . leei , A . minutum , A . monilatum , A. pseudogonyaulax , A . tamarense and A . tamiyavanichii have been widely recognized as harmful algae. Alexandrium gaarderae , A . globosum and A . tropicale are new records for the Mexican Pacific. This is the first morphological documentation of A. pseudogonyaulax . Future studies of the genus might increase its species richness if more cultures are established and metabarcoding approach is used.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"2002 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Luisa Núñez Resendiz, Abel Sentíes, Kurt M. Dreckmann, Oscar E. Hernández, Martha Isabel Vilchis
Abstract Gelidiella acerosa is a widely distributed species, with type locality in Yemen, whose morphology has been characterized by decumbent axes from which numerous abundantly branched erect axes emerge, pectinate, alternate or radial. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed the presence of genetically independent groups throughout its distribution range. However, these groups cannot be described as independent since there are no sequences from the type locality that allow us to establish the genetic group to which the true G. acerosa belongs, generating a complex of cryptic species. In the present study, from COI-5P and rbc L sequence data, we detected six genetically differentiated groups, one of which is represented only by specimens from the Western Atlantic region. Given the allopatric pattern, it is possible to describe the Atlantic group as an independent species of the cryptic complex in the Indo-Pacific. Gelidiella papillosa sp. nov. shares several morphological features with other specimens previously identified as G. acerosa in other countries, like the appearance of the thallus, branching patterns, the presence of multiple superficial hairs on the branches or cell measurements. However, these characters have not been evaluated in detail among the different genetic groups within Gelidiella acerosa , consequently, G. papillosa can be supported only by its genetic independence and allopatric distribution.
{"title":"<i>Gelidiella papillosa</i> sp. nov. (Gelidiellaceae, Rhodophyta) from Veracruz, Mexico, in the context of the worldwide distribution of <i>G. acerosa</i>","authors":"María Luisa Núñez Resendiz, Abel Sentíes, Kurt M. Dreckmann, Oscar E. Hernández, Martha Isabel Vilchis","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gelidiella acerosa is a widely distributed species, with type locality in Yemen, whose morphology has been characterized by decumbent axes from which numerous abundantly branched erect axes emerge, pectinate, alternate or radial. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed the presence of genetically independent groups throughout its distribution range. However, these groups cannot be described as independent since there are no sequences from the type locality that allow us to establish the genetic group to which the true G. acerosa belongs, generating a complex of cryptic species. In the present study, from COI-5P and rbc L sequence data, we detected six genetically differentiated groups, one of which is represented only by specimens from the Western Atlantic region. Given the allopatric pattern, it is possible to describe the Atlantic group as an independent species of the cryptic complex in the Indo-Pacific. Gelidiella papillosa sp. nov. shares several morphological features with other specimens previously identified as G. acerosa in other countries, like the appearance of the thallus, branching patterns, the presence of multiple superficial hairs on the branches or cell measurements. However, these characters have not been evaluated in detail among the different genetic groups within Gelidiella acerosa , consequently, G. papillosa can be supported only by its genetic independence and allopatric distribution.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"4 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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