Christine A. Maggs, Anne R. Bunker, Francis St. P. D. Bunker, David Harries, John Kelly, Frédéric Mineur, Jaanika Blomster, Pilar Díaz-Tapia, Paul W. Gabrielson, Jeffery R. Hughey, Juliet Brodie
The 2007 flora “Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland” did not present the molecular data underpinning the Ulvaceae treatment, mostly ITS sequences. Subsequently, names have changed as type material of Ulva species is sequenced and intensive sampling with DNA barcoding adds new European species. To update the Ulvaceae, we systematically sampled from 2007 to 2021, identifying specimens using various molecular markers alongside DNA from type material of four species. We show here that Ulva gigantea, based on rbcL, tufA and ITS sequences of its holotype, is assigned to Ulva compressa, as is the lectotype of Ulva curvata. Ulva gigantea sensu GenBank and Ulva pseudocurvata are conspecific. The correct name is U. pseudocurvata based on rbcL sequences of the lectotype. Two species of monostromatic Ulvaceae were included in the 2007 flora, but we show that both of them and all earlier British monostromatic collections represent Ulvaria splendens, a species originally described from Alaska. Analysis of two rbcL amplicons of the Ulva sordida lectotype shows that it is conspecific with Ulvaria splendens. Our first genuine collections of Ulvaria obscura from SW England and SW Wales correspond to topotype material from the Bay of Biscay, recent samples from Galicia and unpublished tufA sequences from Britanny.
2007 年的《不列颠和爱尔兰的绿色海藻》植物志没有介绍莼菜科的分子数据，主要是 ITS 序列。随后，随着莼菜物种的模式材料被测序，以及利用 DNA 条形码进行的密集采样增加了新的欧洲物种，莼菜的名称也发生了变化。为了更新莼菜科，我们从 2007 年到 2021 年进行了系统采样，使用各种分子标记物和四个物种的模式材料 DNA 对标本进行鉴定。我们在此表明，根据其主模式的 rbcL、tufA 和 ITS 序列，gigantea 莼菜被归入压缩莼菜（Ulva compressa），而 curvata 莼菜的主模式也被归入压缩莼菜（Ulva curvata）。千层莼（Ulva gigantea sensu GenBank）和假千层莼（Ulva pseudocurvata）是同种。根据标本的 rbcL 序列，正确的名称是 U. pseudocurvata。2007 年植物区系中包括了两个单色莼科物种，但我们发现这两个物种以及所有早期英国单色莼科物种都代表了最初描述自阿拉斯加的一个物种--Ulvaria splendens。Ulva sordida 标本的两个 rbcL 扩增子分析表明，它与 Ulvaria splendens 是同种。我们在英格兰西南部和威尔士西南部采集到的第一批真正的韫莼样本与比斯开湾的顶型材料、加利西亚的最新样本以及不列颠尼未发表的 tufA 序列相对应。
{"title":"Updating the Ulvaceae in the green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland","authors":"Christine A. Maggs, Anne R. Bunker, Francis St. P. D. Bunker, David Harries, John Kelly, Frédéric Mineur, Jaanika Blomster, Pilar Díaz-Tapia, Paul W. Gabrielson, Jeffery R. Hughey, Juliet Brodie","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0078","url":null,"abstract":"The 2007 flora “Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland” did not present the molecular data underpinning the Ulvaceae treatment, mostly ITS sequences. Subsequently, names have changed as type material of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> species is sequenced and intensive sampling with DNA barcoding adds new European species. To update the Ulvaceae, we systematically sampled from 2007 to 2021, identifying specimens using various molecular markers alongside DNA from type material of four species. We show here that <jats:italic>Ulva gigantea</jats:italic>, based on <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L, <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A and ITS sequences of its holotype, is assigned to <jats:italic>Ulva compressa</jats:italic>, as is the lectotype of <jats:italic>Ulva curvata</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Ulva gigantea</jats:italic> sensu GenBank and <jats:italic>Ulva pseudocurvata</jats:italic> are conspecific. The correct name is <jats:italic>U. pseudocurvata</jats:italic> based on <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L sequences of the lectotype. Two species of monostromatic Ulvaceae were included in the 2007 flora, but we show that both of them and all earlier British monostromatic collections represent <jats:italic>Ulvaria splendens</jats:italic>, a species originally described from Alaska. Analysis of two <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L amplicons of the <jats:italic>Ulva sordida</jats:italic> lectotype shows that it is conspecific with <jats:italic>Ulvaria splendens</jats:italic>. Our first genuine collections of <jats:italic>Ulvaria obscura</jats:italic> from SW England and SW Wales correspond to topotype material from the Bay of Biscay, recent samples from Galicia and unpublished <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A sequences from Britanny.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul W. Gabrielson, Anna Claire Smith, John F. Bruno, Todd J. Vision, Margarita Brandt
DNA sequences were obtained from 32 blade-forming Ulva specimens collected in 2018 and 2019 from four islands in the Galápagos Archipelago: Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela and San Cristóbal. The loci sequenced were nuclear encoded ITS and plastid encoded rbcL and tufA, all recognized as barcode markers for green algae. Four species were found, Ulva adhaerens, U. lactuca, U. ohnoi and U. tanneri, all of which have had their type specimens sequenced, ensuring the correct application of these names. Only one of these, U. lactuca, was reported historically from the archipelago. Ulva adhaerens was the species most commonly collected and widely distributed, occurring on all four islands. Previously known only from Japan and Korea, this is the first report of U. adhaerens from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Ulva ohnoi was collected on three islands, Isabela, Floreana, and San Cristóbal, and U. lactuca only on the last two. Ulva tanneri is a diminutive, 1–2 cm tall, high intertidal species that is easily overlooked, but likely far more common than the one specimen that was collected. This study of blade-forming Ulva species confirms that a concerted effort, using DNA sequencing, is needed to document the seaweed flora of the Galápagos Archipelago.
{"title":"Taxonomic assessment of blade-forming Ulva species (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador using DNA sequencing","authors":"Paul W. Gabrielson, Anna Claire Smith, John F. Bruno, Todd J. Vision, Margarita Brandt","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0079","url":null,"abstract":"DNA sequences were obtained from 32 blade-forming <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> specimens collected in 2018 and 2019 from four islands in the Galápagos Archipelago: Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela and San Cristóbal. The loci sequenced were nuclear encoded ITS and plastid encoded <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L and <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A, all recognized as barcode markers for green algae. Four species were found, <jats:italic>Ulva adhaerens</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. lactuca</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. ohnoi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. tanneri</jats:italic>, all of which have had their type specimens sequenced, ensuring the correct application of these names. Only one of these, <jats:italic>U. lactuca</jats:italic>, was reported historically from the archipelago. <jats:italic>Ulva adhaerens</jats:italic> was the species most commonly collected and widely distributed, occurring on all four islands. Previously known only from Japan and Korea, this is the first report of <jats:italic>U. adhaerens</jats:italic> from the southeast Pacific Ocean. <jats:italic>Ulva ohnoi</jats:italic> was collected on three islands, Isabela, Floreana, and San Cristóbal, and <jats:italic>U. lactuca</jats:italic> only on the last two. <jats:italic>Ulva tanneri</jats:italic> is a diminutive, 1–2 cm tall, high intertidal species that is easily overlooked, but likely far more common than the one specimen that was collected. This study of blade-forming <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> species confirms that a concerted effort, using DNA sequencing, is needed to document the seaweed flora of the Galápagos Archipelago.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139904270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai-Le Zhong, Masanori Hiraoka, Xu Gao, Bayden Russell, Zi-Min Hu, Weizhou Chen, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Norishige Yotsukura, Hikaru Endo, Naohiro Oka, Shinya Yoshikawa, Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia
Species classified in the genus Ulva are important foundational marine primary producers distributed worldwide. These species are particularly abundant and diverse through the northwest Pacific (NWP) where they experience marked latitudinal gradients of environmental heterogeneity. It is unclear, however, to what extent such dynamic conditions can modulate phenotypic and genetic patterns in these organisms, potentially reflecting the influence of historical and contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed inter- and intra-specific genetic patterns of Ulva species through the NWP using plastid rbcL and tufA gene sequences. Although we initially targeted Ulva australis based on morphological identification, we recovered eight Ulva genetic entities masked by morphological similarities. Except for the Ulva linza–procera–prolifera and U. lactuca–reticulata complexes, six of these genetic entities were recovered as individual species (i.e., U. australis, U. ohnoi, U. californica, U. compressa, U. lacinulata, and U. arasakii), and showed biogeographic patterns likely explained by clines in sea surface temperature and ocean current dispersal. At intra-specific level, all the genetic entities showed low genetic variation and divergence based on rbcL (0–0.3 %) and tuf A (0–0.9 %) data. Our results provide insights regarding intra- and inter-specific genetic patterns characterizing morphologically similar Ulva species through the NWP. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such patterns and the associated ecological and evolutionary implications.
{"title":"Environmental gradients influence geographic differentiation and low genetic diversity of morphologically similar Ulva species in the Northwest Pacific","authors":"Kai-Le Zhong, Masanori Hiraoka, Xu Gao, Bayden Russell, Zi-Min Hu, Weizhou Chen, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Norishige Yotsukura, Hikaru Endo, Naohiro Oka, Shinya Yoshikawa, Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Species classified in the genus <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> are important foundational marine primary producers distributed worldwide. These species are particularly abundant and diverse through the northwest Pacific (NWP) where they experience marked latitudinal gradients of environmental heterogeneity. It is unclear, however, to what extent such dynamic conditions can modulate phenotypic and genetic patterns in these organisms, potentially reflecting the influence of historical and contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed inter- and intra-specific genetic patterns of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> species through the NWP using plastid <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L and <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A gene sequences. Although we initially targeted <jats:italic>Ulva australis</jats:italic> based on morphological identification, we recovered eight <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> genetic entities masked by morphological similarities. Except for the <jats:italic>Ulva linza–procera–prolifera</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. lactuca–reticulata</jats:italic> complexes, six of these genetic entities were recovered as individual species (i.e., <jats:italic>U. australis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. ohnoi</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. californica</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. compressa</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. lacinulata</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>U. arasakii</jats:italic>), and showed biogeographic patterns likely explained by clines in sea surface temperature and ocean current dispersal. At intra-specific level, all the genetic entities showed low genetic variation and divergence based on <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L (0–0.3 %) and <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic> A (0–0.9 %) data. Our results provide insights regarding intra- and inter-specific genetic patterns characterizing morphologically similar <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> species through the NWP. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such patterns and the associated ecological and evolutionary implications.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benthic dinoflagellates have been the subject of extensive taxonomic research in recent decades. Studies of morphologies of already known species of benthic dinoflagellates from various geographical populations remain relevant, as these allow elucidation of some details that were overlooked in the original species descriptions or assessment of their morphological variability. In the present study, two rare species of dinoflagellates, Amphidiniella sedentaria and Pachena cf. leibnizii, have been studied, for the first time, from coastal sands of the northwestern Sea of Japan. In the cells of A. sedentaria from the Sea of Japan, we have found two anterior intercalar plates instead of one. Therefore, the original formula has been changed to APC 4′ 2a 7″ 5c 4s 6‴ 2⁗. As a result of the examination of P. cf. leibnizii from the Sea of Japan, we have counted seven precingular plates and six cingular plates, instead of six and five, respectively, indicated in the original description. The plate formula of the cells of P. cf. leibnizii from the Sea of Japan is APC 4′ 3a 7″ 6c 5s 5‴ 2⁗. It is currently difficult to judge whether these differences are morphological variations. Therefore, we have identified these cells as P. cf. leibnizii.
{"title":"New morphological data for two rare species of sand-dwelling marine dinoflagellates, Amphidiniella sedentaria and Pachena cf. leibnizii","authors":"Marina S. Selina, Tatiana V. Morozova","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Benthic dinoflagellates have been the subject of extensive taxonomic research in recent decades. Studies of morphologies of already known species of benthic dinoflagellates from various geographical populations remain relevant, as these allow elucidation of some details that were overlooked in the original species descriptions or assessment of their morphological variability. In the present study, two rare species of dinoflagellates, <jats:italic>Amphidiniella sedentaria</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pachena</jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>leibnizii</jats:italic>, have been studied, for the first time, from coastal sands of the northwestern Sea of Japan. In the cells of <jats:italic>A. sedentaria</jats:italic> from the Sea of Japan, we have found two anterior intercalar plates instead of one. Therefore, the original formula has been changed to APC 4′ 2a 7″ 5c 4s 6‴ 2⁗. As a result of the examination of <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. cf. <jats:italic>leibnizii</jats:italic> from the Sea of Japan, we have counted seven precingular plates and six cingular plates, instead of six and five, respectively, indicated in the original description. The plate formula of the cells of <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. cf. <jats:italic>leibnizii</jats:italic> from the Sea of Japan is APC 4′ 3a 7″ 6c 5s 5‴ 2⁗. It is currently difficult to judge whether these differences are morphological variations. Therefore, we have identified these cells as <jats:italic>P.</jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>leibnizii.</jats:italic>","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139665272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fifteen morphological variants of resting spores of the diatom Cerataulina are presented with morphometric characters and presence in different habitats over spatial and temporal regimes in the Indian Sundarbans. Spatial regime includes phytoplankton assemblages, river-bank surface sediments and different depths of short sediment cores of adjacent deltaic landmasses. The temporal regime spans a period of 2000 years BP to present times. Though Cerataulina is sporadically mentioned in a few publications as a planktonic form in the Sundarbans, this is the first report of its different resting spores from different habitats. The 14C dating and calculated age within sediment cores suggest their existence in the system for 1996 years BP. Interestingly, even with the significant prevalence of resting spores throughout the spatial and temporal ranges, the live vegetative stage could only occasionally be documented in the phytoplankton assemblages over a period of 9 years from February 2013 to March 2023. The morphological variations of Cerataulina resting spores were subjected to cluster analysis using Dice’s Similarity Coefficient, based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean to indicate phylogenetic relationships. The results highlight two main clusters of resting spore morphotypes, namely Cerataulina bicornis (syn = Cerataulina daemon) and Syringidium simplex.
{"title":"Prevalence history of morphological variants of Cerataulina resting spores in Indian Sundarbans and resultant phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Neera Sen Sarkar, Biswajit Biswas, Manjushree Mandal, Tapas Das, Sanoyaz Sekh","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen morphological variants of resting spores of the diatom <jats:italic>Cerataulina</jats:italic> are presented with morphometric characters and presence in different habitats over spatial and temporal regimes in the Indian Sundarbans. Spatial regime includes phytoplankton assemblages, river-bank surface sediments and different depths of short sediment cores of adjacent deltaic landmasses. The temporal regime spans a period of 2000 years BP to present times. Though <jats:italic>Cerataulina</jats:italic> is sporadically mentioned in a few publications as a planktonic form in the Sundarbans, this is the first report of its different resting spores from different habitats. The <jats:sup>14</jats:sup>C dating and calculated age within sediment cores suggest their existence in the system for 1996 years BP. Interestingly, even with the significant prevalence of resting spores throughout the spatial and temporal ranges, the live vegetative stage could only occasionally be documented in the phytoplankton assemblages over a period of 9 years from February 2013 to March 2023. The morphological variations of <jats:italic>Cerataulina</jats:italic> resting spores were subjected to cluster analysis using Dice’s Similarity Coefficient, based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean to indicate phylogenetic relationships. The results highlight two main clusters of resting spore morphotypes, namely <jats:italic>Cerataulina bicornis</jats:italic> (syn = <jats:italic>Cerataulina daemon</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Syringidium simplex</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pylaiella littoralis is a brown alga with a cosmopolitan distribution. A free-living form of the alga fouls the beaches of Nahant, Massachusetts (USA). The amphipod Gammarus tigrinus is found within the floating drifts of algae. Gut contents confirmed that G. tigrinus consumed P. littoralis. Significantly, culture studies revealed that ingested P. littoralis survives and grows from fecal pellets produced by G. tigrinus. Also, inefficient grazing produced vegetative fragments that grew and survived. δ13C values for the amphipods and P. littoralis averaged −17.4 ‰ and −17.7 ‰, respectively, suggesting that G. tigrinus acquires most of its carbon from P. littoralis.
滨海褐藻（Pylaiella littoralis）是一种分布于世界各地的褐色藻类。美国马萨诸塞州纳汉特海滩上有一种自由生活的藻类。在漂浮的藻类中发现了片脚类动物 Gammarus tigrinus。肠道内容物证实 G. tigrinus 食用了 P. littoralis。值得注意的是，培养研究表明，摄入的滨海栉水母能从虎纹蛙产生的粪便颗粒中存活和生长。此外，低效放牧产生的无性碎片也能生长和存活。片脚类动物和滨虫的δ 13C 值平均值分别为-17.4 ‰和-17.7 ‰，这表明虎纹蛙的大部分碳来自滨虫。
{"title":"Grazing of free-living Pylaiella littoralis by the amphipod Gammarus tigrinus","authors":"Steven L. Miller, Robert T. Wilce","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Pylaiella littoralis</jats:italic> is a brown alga with a cosmopolitan distribution. A free-living form of the alga fouls the beaches of Nahant, Massachusetts (USA). The amphipod <jats:italic>Gammarus tigrinus</jats:italic> is found within the floating drifts of algae. Gut contents confirmed that <jats:italic>G. tigrinus</jats:italic> consumed <jats:italic>P. littoralis</jats:italic>. Significantly, culture studies revealed that ingested <jats:italic>P. littoralis</jats:italic> survives and grows from fecal pellets produced by <jats:italic>G. tigrinus</jats:italic>. Also, inefficient grazing produced vegetative fragments that grew and survived. <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic> <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values for the amphipods and <jats:italic>P. littoralis</jats:italic> averaged −17.4 ‰ and −17.7 ‰, respectively, suggesting that <jats:italic>G. tigrinus</jats:italic> acquires most of its carbon from <jats:italic>P. littoralis</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronald P. Kittle, Anne Veillet, William E. Schmidt, Suzanne Fredericq, Karla J. McDermid
Members of the genus Chondrus are well-known from temperate and cold waters. Chondrus ocellatus Holmes was reported from Hawai‘i Island (19° N latitude) in 1999 as a new record based on vegetative and tetrasporangial characteristics. The first specimens were collected by Setchell in 1900 in Hilo, HI. The presence of a Chondrus species in the subtropics has been a phycological enigma for over 100 years. We addressed the question of species identity and biogeographic affinities of the Hawaiian Chondrus with fresh cystocarpic material, DNA samples, and phylogenetic analyses. Analysis and comparison of five genes (nuclear: EF2; plastid: psbA, rbcL, and 23S/UPA; mitochondrial: COI) from Hawaiian Chondrus and holotype and topotype material of 10 of the 11 accepted Chondrus species indicate that Hawaiian specimens are C. retortus Matsumoto et Shimada. However, unlike type material, the Hawaiian specimens are commonly pinnulate, vary significantly in secondary medullary filament density, and have mature cystocarps filling the entire medullary space. This study shows the value of using multi-gene loci and comparing multiple sequences of several species to confirm taxonomic conclusions. Our findings suggest that C. retortus may have immigrated via rafting on natural floating material or on ships’ hulls. Solving this old puzzle adds new insight into Hawaiian phytogeography.
{"title":"Chondrus retortus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in Hawai‘i: a taxonomic and biogeographic puzzle","authors":"Ronald P. Kittle, Anne Veillet, William E. Schmidt, Suzanne Fredericq, Karla J. McDermid","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the genus <jats:italic>Chondrus</jats:italic> are well-known from temperate and cold waters. <jats:italic>Chondrus ocellatus</jats:italic> Holmes was reported from Hawai‘i Island (19° N latitude) in 1999 as a new record based on vegetative and tetrasporangial characteristics. The first specimens were collected by Setchell in 1900 in Hilo, HI. The presence of a <jats:italic>Chondrus</jats:italic> species in the subtropics has been a phycological enigma for over 100 years. We addressed the question of species identity and biogeographic affinities of the Hawaiian <jats:italic>Chondrus</jats:italic> with fresh cystocarpic material, DNA samples, and phylogenetic analyses. Analysis and comparison of five genes (nuclear: EF2; plastid: <jats:italic>psb</jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L, and 23S/UPA; mitochondrial: COI) from Hawaiian <jats:italic>Chondrus</jats:italic> and holotype and topotype material of 10 of the 11 accepted <jats:italic>Chondrus</jats:italic> species indicate that Hawaiian specimens are <jats:italic>C. retortus</jats:italic> Matsumoto <jats:italic>et</jats:italic> Shimada. However, unlike type material, the Hawaiian specimens are commonly pinnulate, vary significantly in secondary medullary filament density, and have mature cystocarps filling the entire medullary space. This study shows the value of using multi-gene loci and comparing multiple sequences of several species to confirm taxonomic conclusions. Our findings suggest that <jats:italic>C. retortus</jats:italic> may have immigrated via rafting on natural floating material or on ships’ hulls. Solving this old puzzle adds new insight into Hawaiian phytogeography.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong Chan Kang, Mi Yeon Yang, Yeo Kyeong Oh, Myung Sook Kim
Abstract We describe a new species, Dipterocladia cylindrica, found in the subtidal zone of the eastern and southern coasts of Korea. This species has cylindrical branches with numerous sub-dichotomously branching monosiphonous determinate branchlets without adventitious filaments, heavy cortication throughout the thallus, and alternating clockwise periaxial cell formation. The external features of the new species are closer to those of the genus Dasya than to those of Dipterocladia, which have flattened thalli with pairwise distichously arranged monosiphonous pseudolateral and polysiphonous determinate laterals. However, based on the combined results of plastid rbcL and mitochondrial COI–5P sequences, the molecular phylogenetic relationships clearly indicate that our specimens belong to the genus Dipterocladia. We also detected more meaningful morphological characters for delineating the genus within the subfamily Dasyoideae by comparing the morphology and phylogeny, but we could not find unique characters for each clade. Further studies based on reproductive morphology and molecular phylogeny for delimiting the generic boundaries are needed.
{"title":"First record of a cylindrical Dipterocladia (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae), D. cylindrica sp. nov., from Korea based on morphological and molecular analyses","authors":"Jeong Chan Kang, Mi Yeon Yang, Yeo Kyeong Oh, Myung Sook Kim","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe a new species, Dipterocladia cylindrica, found in the subtidal zone of the eastern and southern coasts of Korea. This species has cylindrical branches with numerous sub-dichotomously branching monosiphonous determinate branchlets without adventitious filaments, heavy cortication throughout the thallus, and alternating clockwise periaxial cell formation. The external features of the new species are closer to those of the genus Dasya than to those of Dipterocladia, which have flattened thalli with pairwise distichously arranged monosiphonous pseudolateral and polysiphonous determinate laterals. However, based on the combined results of plastid rbcL and mitochondrial COI–5P sequences, the molecular phylogenetic relationships clearly indicate that our specimens belong to the genus Dipterocladia. We also detected more meaningful morphological characters for delineating the genus within the subfamily Dasyoideae by comparing the morphology and phylogeny, but we could not find unique characters for each clade. Further studies based on reproductive morphology and molecular phylogeny for delimiting the generic boundaries are needed.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its separation from Stauroneis in 1999, several new species of Craspedostauros were discovered in a variety of habitats and geographic locations, adding morphological and phylogenetic data to the investigations of the genus. In a survey of littoral diatoms of Sweden, both on the west and east coasts, two epiphytic stauros-bearing species were encountered and assigned to Craspedostauros following the characteristic features of this genus, including the possession of a stauros narrower than the central area and cribrate areolae. One species is described as new to science; Craspedostauros lateralis sp. nov., and the other is of uncertain identity but bears morphological similarity to C. laevissimus. Caspedostauros lateralis is a marine epiphytic species found in the west coast of Sweden, off Gothenburg city. Based on light and electron microscopy, a detailed description of the morphological and ultrastructural features of these species is given and a comparison of the distinguishing characters with allied species is discussed. Some ecological data and the occurrence of associated species on the host macrophyte are provided.
{"title":"A new species of Craspedostauros (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden, with taxonomic and ecological notes on Craspedostauros laevissimus","authors":"Adil Y. Al-Handal, Matt P. Ashworth, Angela Wulff","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Since its separation from <jats:italic>Stauroneis</jats:italic> in 1999, several new species of <jats:italic>Craspedostauros</jats:italic> were discovered in a variety of habitats and geographic locations, adding morphological and phylogenetic data to the investigations of the genus. In a survey of littoral diatoms of Sweden, both on the west and east coasts, two epiphytic stauros-bearing species were encountered and assigned to <jats:italic>Craspedostauros</jats:italic> following the characteristic features of this genus, including the possession of a stauros narrower than the central area and cribrate areolae. One species is described as new to science; <jats:italic>Craspedostauros lateralis</jats:italic> sp. nov., and the other is of uncertain identity but bears morphological similarity to <jats:italic>C. laevissimus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Caspedostauros lateralis</jats:italic> is a marine epiphytic species found in the west coast of Sweden, off Gothenburg city. Based on light and electron microscopy, a detailed description of the morphological and ultrastructural features of these species is given and a comparison of the distinguishing characters with allied species is discussed. Some ecological data and the occurrence of associated species on the host macrophyte are provided.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabeel Gnayem, Razan Unis, Rima Gnaim, Alexander Chemodanov, Álvaro Israel, Jallal Gnaim, Alexander Golberg
The use of high-value fatty acids (FA), omega-3 (n-3), and omega-6 (n-6) from seaweed could relieve the pressure from natural wild fish sources and reduce overfishing worldwide. This research is designed to explore how the harvest season (winter, spring, and summer) and culture period influence the biomass production yield, lipid content, and FA composition in the green seaweed Ulva sp. The studied seaweed was grown in plastic sleeves with flowthrough seawater in Mikhmoret (East Mediterranean, Israel) from July 2019 to December 2020. The Ulva species was identified as Ulva lactuca Linnaeus by DNA barcoding using rbcL, ITS, and tufA markers. No detectable genetic variability in U. lactuca samples was found throughout the research period. A quantitative examination of the lipid and FA content in U. lactuca in different harvest seasons revealed that the maximum content of lipids was in the summer, and that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was in the winter. The PUFA profile included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, n-3, and n-6, where the n-6/n-3 ratio was comparable with the desired range for a balanced nutritional diet.
{"title":"Seasonal and culture period variations in the lipid and fatty acid content of Ulva lactuca cultivated in Mikhmoret onshore (Israel)","authors":"Nabeel Gnayem, Razan Unis, Rima Gnaim, Alexander Chemodanov, Álvaro Israel, Jallal Gnaim, Alexander Golberg","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"The use of high-value fatty acids (FA), omega-3 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-3), and omega-6 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-6) from seaweed could relieve the pressure from natural wild fish sources and reduce overfishing worldwide. This research is designed to explore how the harvest season (winter, spring, and summer) and culture period influence the biomass production yield, lipid content, and FA composition in the green seaweed <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. The studied seaweed was grown in plastic sleeves with flowthrough seawater in Mikhmoret (East Mediterranean, Israel) from July 2019 to December 2020. The <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> species was identified as <jats:italic>Ulva lactuca</jats:italic> Linnaeus by DNA barcoding using <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L, ITS, and <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A markers. No detectable genetic variability in <jats:italic>U. lactuca</jats:italic> samples was found throughout the research period. A quantitative examination of the lipid and FA content in <jats:italic>U. lactuca</jats:italic> in different harvest seasons revealed that the maximum content of lipids was in the summer, and that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was in the winter. The PUFA profile included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-3, and <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-6, where the <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-6/<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-3 ratio was comparable with the desired range for a balanced nutritional diet.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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