Wild-type sporophytes of Saccharina japonica have been recurrently observed on the infrastructures of kelp farming rafts in China’s northern production region (Liaoning and Shandong provinces). However, there are few detailed reports delineating their origin, genetic attributes and affiliations with farmed populations. Using microsatellite molecular analyses, we furnish a comparative analysis of the populations sampled from these rafts at one of the historical kelp farming regions Rongcheng city (Shandong province), both before and after the “2021–2022 kelp farming disaster”, in conjunction with two field populations from nearby intertidal zones where natural populations prevail. The results show that the wild kelp populations on the kelp farming rafts in 2023 had originated from the wild populations dwelling in intertidal zones several kilometers away, rather than from the artificially cultivated kelp cultivars.
{"title":"Saccharina sporophytes settling on kelp cultivation rafts come from wild intertidal populations and not from the farmed cultivars","authors":"Xiaodong Li, Yanjun Wang, Luyang Xiao, Ershuai Huang, Xiao Liu, Tifeng Shan, Shaojun Pang","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0096","url":null,"abstract":"Wild-type sporophytes of <jats:italic>Saccharina japonica</jats:italic> have been recurrently observed on the infrastructures of kelp farming rafts in China’s northern production region (Liaoning and Shandong provinces). However, there are few detailed reports delineating their origin, genetic attributes and affiliations with farmed populations. Using microsatellite molecular analyses, we furnish a comparative analysis of the populations sampled from these rafts at one of the historical kelp farming regions Rongcheng city (Shandong province), both before and after the “2021–2022 kelp farming disaster”, in conjunction with two field populations from nearby intertidal zones where natural populations prevail. The results show that the wild kelp populations on the kelp farming rafts in 2023 had originated from the wild populations dwelling in intertidal zones several kilometers away, rather than from the artificially cultivated kelp cultivars.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gavin W. Maneveldt, So Young Jeong, Jeffery R. Hughey, Paul W. Gabrielson
Phymatolithon acervatum is an encrusting, non-geniculate coralline alga from South Africa. While morpho-anatomical details of the species are well documented, no genetic analyses have been performed on P. acervatum. Here, we analyzed rbcL and psbA gene sequences, and they showed that two species were passing under the name Phymatolithon acervatum in South Africa. A partial rbcL sequence from the lectotype of Lithothamnion acervatum, basionym of P. acervatum, showed to which species the specific epithet applies, and furthermore that both species belong in Phymatolithopsis. We transfer Phymatolithon acervatum to Phymatolithopsis, as Phymatolithopsis acervata comb. nov., and propose Phymatolithopsis roseola sp. nov. These species overlap in morpho-anatomy, habitat and distribution and can only be distinguished based on DNA sequences. Previous misinterpretations of conceptacle development are corrected for species of Phymatolithopsis. The main character used to define the family Mesophyllumaceae is shown to have arisen several times in independent lineages in the order Hapalidiales. At present, only one family, Hapalidiaceae, thus merits recognition in the Hapalidiales.
{"title":"Phymatolithopsis acervata comb. nov., and P. roseola sp. nov. (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta) from South Africa with a comment on infraordinal classification","authors":"Gavin W. Maneveldt, So Young Jeong, Jeffery R. Hughey, Paul W. Gabrielson","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Phymatolithon acervatum</jats:italic> is an encrusting, non-geniculate coralline alga from South Africa. While morpho-anatomical details of the species are well documented, no genetic analyses have been performed on <jats:italic>P. acervatum</jats:italic>. Here, we analyzed <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L and <jats:italic>psb</jats:italic>A gene sequences, and they showed that two species were passing under the name <jats:italic>Phymatolithon acervatum</jats:italic> in South Africa. A partial <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L sequence from the lectotype of <jats:italic>Lithothamnion acervatum</jats:italic>, basionym of <jats:italic>P. acervatum</jats:italic>, showed to which species the specific epithet applies, and furthermore that both species belong in <jats:italic>Phymatolithopsis.</jats:italic> We transfer <jats:italic>Phymatolithon acervatum</jats:italic> to <jats:italic>Phymatolithopsis</jats:italic>, as <jats:italic>Phymatolithopsis acervata</jats:italic> comb. nov., and propose <jats:italic>Phymatolithopsis roseola</jats:italic> sp. nov. These species overlap in morpho-anatomy, habitat and distribution and can only be distinguished based on DNA sequences. Previous misinterpretations of conceptacle development are corrected for species of <jats:italic>Phymatolithopsis.</jats:italic> The main character used to define the family Mesophyllumaceae is shown to have arisen several times in independent lineages in the order Hapalidiales. At present, only one family, Hapalidiaceae, thus merits recognition in the Hapalidiales.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plankton parasites such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes are associated symbionts colonizing algal groups in aquatic ecosystems. They occur within a network of microbe–microbe interactions in which they parasitize phytoplankton and seaweeds, i.e., primary producers generating organic carbon and forming the basis of marine food webs. These parasites use algae as a source of nutrients and reproduce at the expense of their host, causing infectious symptoms leading to disease and death. Plankton parasites can reduce the algal populations, and the infection of one specific species may, in turn, favor the development of another, influencing the seasonal succession of algal blooms in oceans, seas, and lakes. Many parasites have free-living stages that zooplankton graze upon, representing a significant trophic link in food webs. The biology and life cycle of plankton parasites are well investigated in marine and freshwater algal hosts. Still, the chemical signaling mediating these microbial interactions and the effect of co-occurring symbionts remain underexplored. This review focuses on the diversity of plankton parasites infecting algae, with a particular emphasis on unicellular eukaryotes. The ecological role of plankton parasites, the mechanisms regulating cellular infection and host resistance, and the interplay of alga-parasite interactions with coexisting microorganisms are discussed.
{"title":"Chemical ecology of plankton parasitism in algae","authors":"Marine Vallet","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Plankton parasites such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes are associated symbionts colonizing algal groups in aquatic ecosystems. They occur within a network of microbe–microbe interactions in which they parasitize phytoplankton and seaweeds, i.e., primary producers generating organic carbon and forming the basis of marine food webs. These parasites use algae as a source of nutrients and reproduce at the expense of their host, causing infectious symptoms leading to disease and death. Plankton parasites can reduce the algal populations, and the infection of one specific species may, in turn, favor the development of another, influencing the seasonal succession of algal blooms in oceans, seas, and lakes. Many parasites have free-living stages that zooplankton graze upon, representing a significant trophic link in food webs. The biology and life cycle of plankton parasites are well investigated in marine and freshwater algal hosts. Still, the chemical signaling mediating these microbial interactions and the effect of co-occurring symbionts remain underexplored. This review focuses on the diversity of plankton parasites infecting algae, with a particular emphasis on unicellular eukaryotes. The ecological role of plankton parasites, the mechanisms regulating cellular infection and host resistance, and the interplay of alga-parasite interactions with coexisting microorganisms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zara S. Prew, Maggie M. Reddy, Akshata Mehta, David C. Dyer, Albertus J. Smit
Kelp forests dominate the western and southwestern coastlines of southern Africa. This expansive ecosystem spreads over two very different ecoregions that are of particular interest to researchers due to the complexities of their physical environment. The mid-to-late 1900s saw a proliferation in pioneering research on southern African kelp forests. Since this period (1970–1989), researchers have published comparatively few seminal studies concerning kelp forest ecology and biological functioning. In light of this deficit, this review synthesised pre-existing research on southern African kelp forests, and highlighted key gaps in the research landscape to spark interest and facilitate new studies. Among several others, key research gaps uncovered by this review include kelp carbon sequestration potential and possible contributions to the blue bioeconomy; deeper exploration into the biological functioning and ecological roles of Macrocysis pyrifera and Ecklonia radiata populations in southern Africa; and the impacts of a changing physical environment on these kelp forests. In light of our rapidly changing climate, filling these gaps will be essential in informing conversations around coastal and marine management decisions and policy.
{"title":"The African seaforest: a review","authors":"Zara S. Prew, Maggie M. Reddy, Akshata Mehta, David C. Dyer, Albertus J. Smit","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Kelp forests dominate the western and southwestern coastlines of southern Africa. This expansive ecosystem spreads over two very different ecoregions that are of particular interest to researchers due to the complexities of their physical environment. The mid-to-late 1900s saw a proliferation in pioneering research on southern African kelp forests. Since this period (1970–1989), researchers have published comparatively few seminal studies concerning kelp forest ecology and biological functioning. In light of this deficit, this review synthesised pre-existing research on southern African kelp forests, and highlighted key gaps in the research landscape to spark interest and facilitate new studies. Among several others, key research gaps uncovered by this review include kelp carbon sequestration potential and possible contributions to the blue bioeconomy; deeper exploration into the biological functioning and ecological roles of <jats:italic>Macrocysis pyrifera</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ecklonia radiata</jats:italic> populations in southern Africa; and the impacts of a changing physical environment on these kelp forests. In light of our rapidly changing climate, filling these gaps will be essential in informing conversations around coastal and marine management decisions and policy.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nataly Quiroz-González, Maria Edith Ponce-Márquez, Luis Gabriel Aguilar-Estrada, Ivette Ruiz-Boijseauneau
The algae of the genus Gelidium can be found as frequent and abundant inhabitants in the rocky intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic. Six species of this genus have been reported in this region, but only Gelidium americanum has been confirmed with morphological and molecular tools, despite how important both tools have proven to be for the group. This research aimed to evaluate the Mexican specimens previously identified as Gelidium through morphological and molecular approaches, using rbcL and COI-5P markers. This study examined 20 specimens found living attached to the shell of a gastropod Stramonita rustica in the mid-high intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic and ten specimens found living on rocks. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these specimens to be an independent species closely related to G. gonzalezii, G. yangmeikengense, and G. indonesianum. Genetic distances and morphological information confirmed this. Gelidium rodrigueziae sp. nov. is described as a new species. It is distinguished from its related species by having a simpler branching pattern, a smaller number and size of medullary cells, and the smaller quantity and distribution of restricted internal rhizoid filaments around the medulla.
{"title":"A new species of marine algae from the Mexican Atlantic based on morphology and molecular data: Gelidium rodrigueziae sp. nov. (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta)","authors":"Nataly Quiroz-González, Maria Edith Ponce-Márquez, Luis Gabriel Aguilar-Estrada, Ivette Ruiz-Boijseauneau","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"The algae of the genus <jats:italic>Gelidium</jats:italic> can be found as frequent and abundant inhabitants in the rocky intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic. Six species of this genus have been reported in this region, but only <jats:italic>Gelidium americanum</jats:italic> has been confirmed with morphological and molecular tools, despite how important both tools have proven to be for the group. This research aimed to evaluate the Mexican specimens previously identified as <jats:italic>Gelidium</jats:italic> through morphological and molecular approaches, using <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L and COI-5P markers. This study examined 20 specimens found living attached to the shell of a gastropod <jats:italic>Stramonita rustica</jats:italic> in the mid-high intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic and ten specimens found living on rocks. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these specimens to be an independent species closely related to <jats:italic>G. gonzalezii</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>G. yangmeikengense</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>G. indonesianum</jats:italic>. Genetic distances and morphological information confirmed this. <jats:italic>Gelidium rodrigueziae</jats:italic> sp. nov. is described as a new species. It is distinguished from its related species by having a simpler branching pattern, a smaller number and size of medullary cells, and the smaller quantity and distribution of restricted internal rhizoid filaments around the medulla.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an era of climate change, South Africa’s kelp forests offer important opportunities for sustainable resource utilization. However, these opportunities also bring risks of over-exploitation. The mismanagement of kelp forests through monistic and exclusionary strategies must therefore be avoided. Emphasizing the value of plural knowledges and cultural norms associated with kelp, here we advocate for inclusive and integrated marine resource management to ensure the resilience of South Africa’s kelp forests and the well-being of coastal communities that depend on them.
{"title":"Embracing diversity: enhancing the management of South Africa’s kelp forests in an era of change","authors":"Akshata Mehta, Rachel Wynberg, Albertus J. Smit","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"In an era of climate change, South Africa’s kelp forests offer important opportunities for sustainable resource utilization. However, these opportunities also bring risks of over-exploitation. The mismanagement of kelp forests through monistic and exclusionary strategies must therefore be avoided. Emphasizing the value of plural knowledges and cultural norms associated with kelp, here we advocate for inclusive and integrated marine resource management to ensure the resilience of South Africa’s kelp forests and the well-being of coastal communities that depend on them.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Ulva, described as a good source of antioxidants known for its antibacterial properties and associated with the capacity to adapt to different environments and high growth rates, has justified the increasing interest in its large-scale production. While extensive research has been done on optimizing the extraction of Ulva’s bioactive compounds, few studies were conducted on increasing or optimizing antioxidant activity (AA) of Ulva spp. during cultivation. Our study aimed to investigate an optimization method of Ulva lacinulata by testing the impact of light dose and irradiance on its AA. Two geographically different strains (NE-Atlantic and Mediterranean) were observed for 5 days under two irradiances (70 or 185 µmol photons m−2 s−1) with the same light dose (4 mol photons m−2 d−1). Samples were collected at different times (0, 3, 24, 48 and 120 h) to evaluate their antioxidant activity (with 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical decolorization assay) and photosynthetic performance (with Pulse Amplitude Modulated fluorometer). A strain-dependent response was observed in the NE-Atlantic strain which had significantly higher AA after 5 days (89 %) under the photosynthetic saturating irradiance, while the Mediterranean strain was not impacted, suggesting that light dose may significantly affect AA in certain Ulva spp.
{"title":"The effect of irradiance versus light dose on the antioxidant activity of two strains of Ulva lacinulata","authors":"Isabel Cardoso, Anneke Meiβner, Laurie C. Hofmann","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0064","url":null,"abstract":"The genus <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic>, described as a good source of antioxidants known for its antibacterial properties and associated with the capacity to adapt to different environments and high growth rates, has justified the increasing interest in its large-scale production. While extensive research has been done on optimizing the extraction of <jats:italic>Ulv</jats:italic>a’s bioactive compounds, few studies were conducted on increasing or optimizing antioxidant activity (AA) of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> spp. during cultivation. Our study aimed to investigate an optimization method of <jats:italic>Ulva lacinulata</jats:italic> by testing the impact of light dose and irradiance on its AA. Two geographically different strains (NE-Atlantic and Mediterranean) were observed for 5 days under two irradiances (70 or 185 µmol photons m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) with the same light dose (4 mol photons m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Samples were collected at different times (0, 3, 24, 48 and 120 h) to evaluate their antioxidant activity (with 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical decolorization assay) and photosynthetic performance (with Pulse Amplitude Modulated fluorometer). A strain-dependent response was observed in the NE-Atlantic strain which had significantly higher AA after 5 days (89 %) under the photosynthetic saturating irradiance, while the Mediterranean strain was not impacted, suggesting that light dose may significantly affect AA in certain <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> spp.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffery R. Hughey, Kathy Ann Miller, Paul W. Gabrielson
Misapplication of Ulva epithets in GenBank has led to confusion in the scientific literature and community. To solve some of the problems, targeted DNA sequencing of plastid encoded rbcL gene amplicons or high-throughput sequencing was performed on all blade-forming Ulva type specimens from the northeast Pacific. Recently collected specimens from at or near type localities were also analyzed for some taxa. Based on these genetic analyses, we confirmed currently recognized species: U. californica, with U. angusta and U. scagelii as heterotypic synonyms, U. stenophylla, U. taeniata, and U. tanneri. Ulva dactylifera, currently considered a synonym of U. taeniata based on morpho-anatomy, is recognized as a distinct species, as is U. expansa whose type specimen was sequenced in 2018. All but two of the ITS, rbcL and tufA sequences in GenBank that were labeled U. californica were correctly named, in contrast to U. taeniata, for which only one of 14 sequences was correctly labeled. These results show that DNA sequencing of Ulva type specimens is essential for the correct application of names.
GenBank 中对石莼名称的错误应用导致了科学文献和学术界的混乱。为了解决这些问题，我们对东北太平洋地区所有叶片型莼菜模式标本进行了质体编码的 rbcL 基因扩增子的定向 DNA 测序或高通量测序。此外，还分析了最近从类型产地或附近采集的标本中的一些分类群。根据这些基因分析，我们确认了目前公认的物种：angusta和 U. scagelii为异型异名；U. stenophylla、U. taeniata和 U. tanneri。根据形态解剖学，目前被认为是 U. taeniata 的异名的 Ulva dactylifera 被认定为一个独立的种，2018 年对其模式标本进行测序的 U. expansa 也被认定为一个独立的种。在 GenBank 中，除了两条 ITS、rbcL 和 tufA 序列外，所有被标注为加州乌贼的序列都被正确命名，而与之相反的是，14 条序列中只有一条被正确标注为加州乌贼（U. taeniata）。这些结果表明，莼菜模式标本的 DNA 测序对于正确应用名称至关重要。
{"title":"Genetic analysis of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) type specimens resolves northeast Pacific blade-forming species","authors":"Jeffery R. Hughey, Kathy Ann Miller, Paul W. Gabrielson","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"Misapplication of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> epithets in GenBank has led to confusion in the scientific literature and community. To solve some of the problems, targeted DNA sequencing of plastid encoded <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L gene amplicons or high-throughput sequencing was performed on all blade-forming <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> type specimens from the northeast Pacific. Recently collected specimens from at or near type localities were also analyzed for some taxa. Based on these genetic analyses, we confirmed currently recognized species: <jats:italic>U. californica</jats:italic>, with <jats:italic>U. angusta</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. scagelii</jats:italic> as heterotypic synonyms, <jats:italic>U. stenophylla</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. taeniata</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>U. tanneri</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Ulva dactylifera</jats:italic>, currently considered a synonym of <jats:italic>U. taeniata</jats:italic> based on morpho-anatomy, is recognized as a distinct species, as is <jats:italic>U. expansa</jats:italic> whose type specimen was sequenced in 2018. All but two of the ITS, <jats:italic>rbc</jats:italic>L and <jats:italic>tuf</jats:italic>A sequences in GenBank that were labeled <jats:italic>U. californica</jats:italic> were correctly named, in contrast to <jats:italic>U. taeniata</jats:italic>, for which only one of 14 sequences was correctly labeled. These results show that DNA sequencing of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> type specimens is essential for the correct application of names.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Noor, Mst. Nadira Begum, Satyajit Roy Rony, Mohammad Zashim Uddin, Md. Hossain Sohrab, Md. Abdul Mazid
Several studies have shown that endophytic fungal metabolites possess vital biological activities; nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the medicinally important marine endophytic fungi associated with the seaweeds mainly found in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. In this study, six endophytic fungi, belonging to five genera and four classes, were isolated from the well-known chlorophyte, Ulva sp. and were most closely related to Chaetomium globosum, Nigrospora magnoliae, Curvularia sp., Curvularia moringae, Aspergillus terreus and Collariella sp. This is the first report of these fungi as endophytes associated with Ulva sp. from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. A preliminary biological evaluation of the ethyl acetate extract of each endophytic fungal crude extract was the prime objective of this research, e.g., antimicrobial assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Evaluation of test results revealed that each fungal crude extract possessed one or more relevant biological activities. Preliminary chemical screening using TLC and NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in the crude fungal extracts. These findings suggest that the marine endophytic fungus may be a valuable source for investigating potentially bioactive chemicals or leads for novel drug candidates.
{"title":"Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh","authors":"Sadia Noor, Mst. Nadira Begum, Satyajit Roy Rony, Mohammad Zashim Uddin, Md. Hossain Sohrab, Md. Abdul Mazid","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that endophytic fungal metabolites possess vital biological activities; nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the medicinally important marine endophytic fungi associated with the seaweeds mainly found in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. In this study, six endophytic fungi, belonging to five genera and four classes, were isolated from the well-known chlorophyte, <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. and were most closely related to <jats:italic>Chaetomium globosum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nigrospora magnoliae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Curvularia</jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Curvularia moringae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus terreus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Collariella</jats:italic> sp. This is the first report of these fungi as endophytes associated with <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. A preliminary biological evaluation of the ethyl acetate extract of each endophytic fungal crude extract was the prime objective of this research, e.g., antimicrobial assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Evaluation of test results revealed that each fungal crude extract possessed one or more relevant biological activities. Preliminary chemical screening using TLC and NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in the crude fungal extracts. These findings suggest that the marine endophytic fungus may be a valuable source for investigating potentially bioactive chemicals or leads for novel drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata in a land-based aquaculture system, the colonisation of the water tanks’ surfaces and eventually the macroalgal biomass by the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica compromises the production process. Since germanium dioxide (GeO2) is an effective growth inhibitor of diatoms, this study aimed to understand how it affects the presence of F. oceanica and the photosynthesis and growth of U. fenestrata as a primary parameter contribution to the biomass production. A toxicological dose-response experiment showed that the diatom’s growth was inhibited at the low GeO2 concentration of 0.014 mg l−1. In contrast, the photosynthetic performances and growth rates of U. fenestrata remained unaffected under a wide GeO2 concentration range (0.022–2.235 mg l−1) in small- and large-scale experiments in 1-l glass beakers and 100-l Plexiglass water tanks, respectively. In the latter, the diatom density in the tanks was reduced by 40 %. The costs arising from the use of GeO2 can range between €2.35 and €8.35 kg−1 fresh weight of produced U. fenestrata biomass under growth conditions resulting in growth rates of 20 and 11.5 % d−1, respectively. GeO2 is an effective agent to control biofouling diatoms such as F. oceanica during the land-based biomass production of U. fenestrata.
{"title":"Germanium dioxide as agent to control the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica for the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyta)","authors":"Ralf Rautenberger","doi":"10.1515/bot-2023-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0075","url":null,"abstract":"During the cultivation of <jats:italic>Ulva fenestrata</jats:italic> in a land-based aquaculture system, the colonisation of the water tanks’ surfaces and eventually the macroalgal biomass by the biofouling diatom <jats:italic>Fragilariopsis oceanica</jats:italic> compromises the production process. Since germanium dioxide (GeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is an effective growth inhibitor of diatoms, this study aimed to understand how it affects the presence of <jats:italic>F. oceanica</jats:italic> and the photosynthesis and growth of <jats:italic>U. fenestrata</jats:italic> as a primary parameter contribution to the biomass production. A toxicological dose-response experiment showed that the diatom’s growth was inhibited at the low GeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration of 0.014 mg l<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. In contrast, the photosynthetic performances and growth rates of <jats:italic>U. fenestrata</jats:italic> remained unaffected under a wide GeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration range (0.022–2.235 mg l<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) in small- and large-scale experiments in 1-l glass beakers and 100-l Plexiglass water tanks, respectively. In the latter, the diatom density in the tanks was reduced by 40 %. The costs arising from the use of GeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> can range between €2.35 and €8.35 kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> fresh weight of produced <jats:italic>U. fenestrata</jats:italic> biomass under growth conditions resulting in growth rates of 20 and 11.5 % d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. GeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> is an effective agent to control biofouling diatoms such as <jats:italic>F. oceanica</jats:italic> during the land-based biomass production of <jats:italic>U. fenestrata</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":9191,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Marina","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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