Pub Date : 2017-11-08DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00128
P. Bhattacharya, S. Mukherjee, P. Suvodeep, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Dalia Mukherjee, Debasis Mukherjee, H. Banerjee, Runa Mitra, R. Bhattacharya, Upasana Bhattacharya, Rupsa Bhattacharya, A. Mukherjee
{"title":"Regression of cirrhosis-my current understanding","authors":"P. Bhattacharya, S. Mukherjee, P. Suvodeep, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Dalia Mukherjee, Debasis Mukherjee, H. Banerjee, Runa Mitra, R. Bhattacharya, Upasana Bhattacharya, Rupsa Bhattacharya, A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49260359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-26DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00127
J. EsanAyodele., Omisakin Ct, Oyegue Kelvin, E. OyedeleTitilayo
Worldwide, the HIV epidemic has had a major impact on maternal, child health and survival. An estimated 12 million and 1.1 million were women and children respectively have been infected with HIV. During the last few years, about 30-50% of approximately 500,000 infants were infected with HIV worldwide annually through breastfeeding and 1600 new infections occur daily [1,2]. In 2012, 3.3 million children were living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) of who 260,000 were new infections. However, about 370, 000 children were infected newly with HIV through mother-to-child transmission [3]. Over 1,000 children were infected newly with HIV daily; out of these more than half die as a result of AIDS, because of inadequate access to HIV treatment. Globally, in the year 2011, about 34 million [31.4 million-35.9 million] people were living with HIV, including 3.4 million (3,000,000-3,800,000) children less than 15 years of age. In 2010, about 250,000 (220,000-290,000) children, less than 15 years of age, died from acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) related causes [4]. Nigeria is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa continues with the highest loads of pediatric AIDS [5]. In 2011, Nigeria had an estimated 440,000 children less than 15 years, living with HIV. Mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) accounts for 90% of HIV infections in children under the age of 15 years [4]. Prevention of motherto-child transmission (PMTCT) has become a key public health priority in Nigeria, a country faced with 56,681 annual HIVpositive births and more than 210,000 women living with HIV [6]. The national PMTCT programme in Nigeria commenced in 2002 with supports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) [7]. There are about 1,216 PMTCT service points across the Nigeria presently. In 2009, 18.7% of pregnant women living with HIV received antiretroviral (ARV) agents to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), showing a significant increase in PMTCT coverage from 5.3% in 2007, although the coverage for ARV prophylaxis during the breastfeeding period has still remained low [8]. Providing ARV prophylaxis to pregnant women living with HIV has prevented Volume 5 Issue 2 2017
{"title":"Effectiveness of infant feeding strategies to prevent mother-to-child HIV vertical transmission in Ekiti State","authors":"J. EsanAyodele., Omisakin Ct, Oyegue Kelvin, E. OyedeleTitilayo","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00127","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, the HIV epidemic has had a major impact on maternal, child health and survival. An estimated 12 million and 1.1 million were women and children respectively have been infected with HIV. During the last few years, about 30-50% of approximately 500,000 infants were infected with HIV worldwide annually through breastfeeding and 1600 new infections occur daily [1,2]. In 2012, 3.3 million children were living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) of who 260,000 were new infections. However, about 370, 000 children were infected newly with HIV through mother-to-child transmission [3]. Over 1,000 children were infected newly with HIV daily; out of these more than half die as a result of AIDS, because of inadequate access to HIV treatment. Globally, in the year 2011, about 34 million [31.4 million-35.9 million] people were living with HIV, including 3.4 million (3,000,000-3,800,000) children less than 15 years of age. In 2010, about 250,000 (220,000-290,000) children, less than 15 years of age, died from acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) related causes [4]. Nigeria is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa continues with the highest loads of pediatric AIDS [5]. In 2011, Nigeria had an estimated 440,000 children less than 15 years, living with HIV. Mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) accounts for 90% of HIV infections in children under the age of 15 years [4]. Prevention of motherto-child transmission (PMTCT) has become a key public health priority in Nigeria, a country faced with 56,681 annual HIVpositive births and more than 210,000 women living with HIV [6]. The national PMTCT programme in Nigeria commenced in 2002 with supports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) [7]. There are about 1,216 PMTCT service points across the Nigeria presently. In 2009, 18.7% of pregnant women living with HIV received antiretroviral (ARV) agents to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), showing a significant increase in PMTCT coverage from 5.3% in 2007, although the coverage for ARV prophylaxis during the breastfeeding period has still remained low [8]. Providing ARV prophylaxis to pregnant women living with HIV has prevented Volume 5 Issue 2 2017","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-20DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00126
N. A. Jurayyan
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency is the most life-threatening feature of hypopituitarism. Isolated Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency, although well defined, is very rare [1]. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of Addison’s disease, i.e weakness, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, anorexia, weight loss, and most commonly hypoglycemia [2]. However, rare presentism may occur [3,4]. Most causes are secondary to autoimmune process such as lymphocytic hypophysitis [5,6]. It may also occur after traumatic head injury and pituitary irradiation [7,8]. Genetic is encountered in the neonatal and childhood [9,10]. It might be associated with transient growth hormone (GH) deficiency or thyroid disorders [11,12]. Also, various toxins were associated with the deficiency [13]. In this communication, we describe two patients with Isolated Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency that experienced two different outcomes (transient vs. permanent) with an attempt to highlight the importance of understanding such disorders and its aetio-pathophysiology.
{"title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency not always permanent","authors":"N. A. Jurayyan","doi":"10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00126","url":null,"abstract":"Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency is the most life-threatening feature of hypopituitarism. Isolated Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency, although well defined, is very rare [1]. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of Addison’s disease, i.e weakness, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, anorexia, weight loss, and most commonly hypoglycemia [2]. However, rare presentism may occur [3,4]. Most causes are secondary to autoimmune process such as lymphocytic hypophysitis [5,6]. It may also occur after traumatic head injury and pituitary irradiation [7,8]. Genetic is encountered in the neonatal and childhood [9,10]. It might be associated with transient growth hormone (GH) deficiency or thyroid disorders [11,12]. Also, various toxins were associated with the deficiency [13]. In this communication, we describe two patients with Isolated Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) deficiency that experienced two different outcomes (transient vs. permanent) with an attempt to highlight the importance of understanding such disorders and its aetio-pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-09DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00125
Leila Kheirkhah, Sadegh Asoubar, A. Abdi, A. Mahmoudi
Rhino cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common form of mucormycosis in patient with diabetes mellitus. This is an uncommon disease which sometimes presents as symptoms of bacterial or viral sinusitis, otitis, facial palsy, ptosis and earache in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. The disease presents with a diagnostic dilemma as initial presentation mimics facial or orbital cellulites and ptosis or signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Also it has a very rapidly and relentless progressive clinical course and is almost universally fatal if untreated. The authors decided to write up this case because of the need for high index of suspicion in treating patients with this disease. The “black of the palate is widely described as a hallmark of ROCM but the astute clinician will recognize earlier manifestations of this end stage lesion reflecting invasion of the palate.
{"title":"Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a patient with diabetes type 1 presenting as ptosis and facial palsy report from Alborz hospital of Karaj from Iran","authors":"Leila Kheirkhah, Sadegh Asoubar, A. Abdi, A. Mahmoudi","doi":"10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00125","url":null,"abstract":"Rhino cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common form of mucormycosis in patient with diabetes mellitus. This is an uncommon disease which sometimes presents as symptoms of bacterial or viral sinusitis, otitis, facial palsy, ptosis and earache in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. The disease presents with a diagnostic dilemma as initial presentation mimics facial or orbital cellulites and ptosis or signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Also it has a very rapidly and relentless progressive clinical course and is almost universally fatal if untreated. The authors decided to write up this case because of the need for high index of suspicion in treating patients with this disease. The “black of the palate is widely described as a hallmark of ROCM but the astute clinician will recognize earlier manifestations of this end stage lesion reflecting invasion of the palate.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45470089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-05DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00124
Gunaratne Sa, Wijesinghe Hksn, Wijesinghe Cj, Disanayake Ske, Godak, age Mhp
A nodular thyroid gland is a common occurrence, especially among females; although chances of these lesions being malignant are rare [1]. In Sri Lanka, thyroid cancer is one of the five leading sites of cancer in females, and has a life time risk of 0.357% for both males and females [2]. The gold standard for diagnosis of thyroid pathologies is histopathology. However it is important to correctly diagnose during initial investigations for management plans. The available investigations for diagnosis range from biochemical, cytological and imaging to histopathology. Of these, FNAC is one of the most accurate and cost-effective methods of evaluating thyroid nodules, which is further improved by incorporation of genetic and immunohistochemical tests [3,4]. In recent studies sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC have been reported as high as 65-98%, 72-100, 95% respectively [3]. However The Royal College of Pathologists recommend a wide range of values for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC with regard to detection of thyroid neoplasms [5]. Thy roid FNAC has some limitations in cases of suspi cious, inadequate, and indeterminate cytology and it is reported that, even in adequate cellular specimens, an “undetermined” result can occur in 4–15% of all cases [6]. Therefore, a definitive distinction between neoplasms and nonneoplasms is difficult. In addition, there are false-positives and false-negatives. Therefore, another investigation is used in combination to compensate for these lim itations. Ultrasonography (USS) of the thyroid gland is considered as the most sensitive method for diagnosis of intrathyroidlesions in some research [7]. The reported features of malignancy in USS include marked hypoechogenecity, presence of microcalcifications, irregular margins, nodule with shape taller than wide and intra-nodular hypervascularity in color Doppler [8]. The presence of more than one of the above features, and combination of some features, increase the probability that a thyroid nodule represents a malignancy [8]. In addition, it is non invasive, relatively inexpensive and widely available in Sri Lanka. Therefore it is necessary to assess the ability of FNAC and USS in diagnosis of thyroid pathologies in the local setting.
{"title":"Comparison on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and thyroid ultrasonography in management of thyroid nodules","authors":"Gunaratne Sa, Wijesinghe Hksn, Wijesinghe Cj, Disanayake Ske, Godak, age Mhp","doi":"10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00124","url":null,"abstract":"A nodular thyroid gland is a common occurrence, especially among females; although chances of these lesions being malignant are rare [1]. In Sri Lanka, thyroid cancer is one of the five leading sites of cancer in females, and has a life time risk of 0.357% for both males and females [2]. The gold standard for diagnosis of thyroid pathologies is histopathology. However it is important to correctly diagnose during initial investigations for management plans. The available investigations for diagnosis range from biochemical, cytological and imaging to histopathology. Of these, FNAC is one of the most accurate and cost-effective methods of evaluating thyroid nodules, which is further improved by incorporation of genetic and immunohistochemical tests [3,4]. In recent studies sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC have been reported as high as 65-98%, 72-100, 95% respectively [3]. However The Royal College of Pathologists recommend a wide range of values for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC with regard to detection of thyroid neoplasms [5]. Thy roid FNAC has some limitations in cases of suspi cious, inadequate, and indeterminate cytology and it is reported that, even in adequate cellular specimens, an “undetermined” result can occur in 4–15% of all cases [6]. Therefore, a definitive distinction between neoplasms and nonneoplasms is difficult. In addition, there are false-positives and false-negatives. Therefore, another investigation is used in combination to compensate for these lim itations. Ultrasonography (USS) of the thyroid gland is considered as the most sensitive method for diagnosis of intrathyroidlesions in some research [7]. The reported features of malignancy in USS include marked hypoechogenecity, presence of microcalcifications, irregular margins, nodule with shape taller than wide and intra-nodular hypervascularity in color Doppler [8]. The presence of more than one of the above features, and combination of some features, increase the probability that a thyroid nodule represents a malignancy [8]. In addition, it is non invasive, relatively inexpensive and widely available in Sri Lanka. Therefore it is necessary to assess the ability of FNAC and USS in diagnosis of thyroid pathologies in the local setting.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42496970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00123
Yenam, A. Ra, A. Hollis, D. Zalepa, M. Kapp
Case 1: A 9year old male was referred for fever, fatigue, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow analysis revealed hypercellularity with a mixture of myeloblasts and immature monocytes comprising 90% of cells as determined by both morphology and flow cytometry. Molecular analysis for mutations in FLT3, NMP1 and C-KIT were negative, and FISH revealed rearrangement of RUNX1 locus in the chromosome 7p22 region. analysis confirmed this finding, revealing a unique translocation:46,XY, t(7;21) (p22;q22). Three adults and one child have been reported in the literature with AML or high grade MDS with t(7;21) involving RUNX1-ubiquitin-specific protease gene (USP42) fusion; however, no consistent prognostic information has emerged from these cases to date.1 Our patient had reinduction chemotherapy and is currently in remission, awaiting stem cell transplant.
{"title":"Unique RUNX1 gene rearrangements in acute myeloid Leukemia (AML)","authors":"Yenam, A. Ra, A. Hollis, D. Zalepa, M. Kapp","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00123","url":null,"abstract":"Case 1: A 9year old male was referred for fever, fatigue, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow analysis revealed hypercellularity with a mixture of myeloblasts and immature monocytes comprising 90% of cells as determined by both morphology and flow cytometry. Molecular analysis for mutations in FLT3, NMP1 and C-KIT were negative, and FISH revealed rearrangement of RUNX1 locus in the chromosome 7p22 region. analysis confirmed this finding, revealing a unique translocation:46,XY, t(7;21) (p22;q22). Three adults and one child have been reported in the literature with AML or high grade MDS with t(7;21) involving RUNX1-ubiquitin-specific protease gene (USP42) fusion; however, no consistent prognostic information has emerged from these cases to date.1 Our patient had reinduction chemotherapy and is currently in remission, awaiting stem cell transplant.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00122
N. Abu-Farsakh, I. Sbeih, H. Farsakh
Craniopharyngioma are histologically a benign neoplasm that occurs in the sellar and suprasellar region, with an infiltrative growth pattern, accounts for 1.2-4.6% of all intracranial tumors.1 They are the most common non-neuroepithelial intracerebral neoplasm in children accounting for 5-10% of intracranial tumors in this age group. A bimodal age distribution of ACP is observed, with peaks in children aged 5-15years and adults 45-60years.1 They are often difficult to excise surgically, and they have a 10% to 40% recurrence rate.2 There are at two types of craniopharyngioma: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP). Both have distinct morphology and different clinical behavior. ACP has at least four different squamous histological areas: superficial mature squamous (SMS), loosely cohesive aggregates of squamous cells known as “stellate reticulum” (SR), palisaded basal columnar (PBC) cells and nodules of wet keratin (WK) (Figure 1, Figure 2 & Figure 3). Cystic cavities containing squamous debris are lined by flattened epithelium. PCP occurs virtually exclusively in adults with mean age of 40-50years.3,4 Histologically, it is different from ACP by lacking nuclear palisading, wet keratin, and dystrophic calcification.5
{"title":"Differential expression of immunohistochemistry markers for epithelial/squamous cells in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma","authors":"N. Abu-Farsakh, I. Sbeih, H. Farsakh","doi":"10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ICPJL.2017.05.00122","url":null,"abstract":"Craniopharyngioma are histologically a benign neoplasm that occurs in the sellar and suprasellar region, with an infiltrative growth pattern, accounts for 1.2-4.6% of all intracranial tumors.1 They are the most common non-neuroepithelial intracerebral neoplasm in children accounting for 5-10% of intracranial tumors in this age group. A bimodal age distribution of ACP is observed, with peaks in children aged 5-15years and adults 45-60years.1 They are often difficult to excise surgically, and they have a 10% to 40% recurrence rate.2 There are at two types of craniopharyngioma: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP). Both have distinct morphology and different clinical behavior. ACP has at least four different squamous histological areas: superficial mature squamous (SMS), loosely cohesive aggregates of squamous cells known as “stellate reticulum” (SR), palisaded basal columnar (PBC) cells and nodules of wet keratin (WK) (Figure 1, Figure 2 & Figure 3). Cystic cavities containing squamous debris are lined by flattened epithelium. PCP occurs virtually exclusively in adults with mean age of 40-50years.3,4 Histologically, it is different from ACP by lacking nuclear palisading, wet keratin, and dystrophic calcification.5","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-18DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00121
J. Włodek
CD10 is a zinc-dependant metalloproteinase, the expression of which can be observed on numerous tissues such as epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, breast and placenta. Earlier research studies have shown, that CD10 expression is commonly observed in different types of carcinomas. Furthermore, there is an association between CD10 expression and tumor size and histological grade. Expression of CD10 might help with assessment of disease status, progression and prognosis.
{"title":"Clinical significance of CD10 expression in cancer","authors":"J. Włodek","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00121","url":null,"abstract":"CD10 is a zinc-dependant metalloproteinase, the expression of which can be observed on numerous tissues such as epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, breast and placenta. Earlier research studies have shown, that CD10 expression is commonly observed in different types of carcinomas. Furthermore, there is an association between CD10 expression and tumor size and histological grade. Expression of CD10 might help with assessment of disease status, progression and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45343594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-18DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00120
H. Abu‐Farsakh, Aseel Sbeih, Yomna Abu Farsakh, I. Sbeih
Nestin is an intermediate filament (IF) protein. These intermediate filament proteins are expressed mostly in neural stem cells [1-3]. Nestin is also expressed by many other stem cells and it is considered a primitive marker [4-7] . Upon differentiation, Nestin becomes down-regulated and is replaced by tissue-specific intermediate filament proteins [8]. During neuroand gliogenesis, Nestin is replaced by cell type-specific intermediate filaments, e.g. neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) [9]. One instance of Nestin expression in adult organisms, and perhaps that for which Nestin is best known, are the neuronal precursor cells of the subventricular zone [8,10]. Interestingly, Nestin expression is reinduced in the adult during pathological situations, such as the formation of the glial scar after CNS injury and during regeneration of injured muscle tissue [11]. Nestin expression has been extensively used as a marker for central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells in different contexts [4]. Nestin has recently received attention as a marker for detecting newly formed endothelial cells [3,12].
{"title":"Nestin, an important marker for differentiating oligodendroglioma from astrocytic tumors","authors":"H. Abu‐Farsakh, Aseel Sbeih, Yomna Abu Farsakh, I. Sbeih","doi":"10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00120","url":null,"abstract":"Nestin is an intermediate filament (IF) protein. These intermediate filament proteins are expressed mostly in neural stem cells [1-3]. Nestin is also expressed by many other stem cells and it is considered a primitive marker [4-7] . Upon differentiation, Nestin becomes down-regulated and is replaced by tissue-specific intermediate filament proteins [8]. During neuroand gliogenesis, Nestin is replaced by cell type-specific intermediate filaments, e.g. neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) [9]. One instance of Nestin expression in adult organisms, and perhaps that for which Nestin is best known, are the neuronal precursor cells of the subventricular zone [8,10]. Interestingly, Nestin expression is reinduced in the adult during pathological situations, such as the formation of the glial scar after CNS injury and during regeneration of injured muscle tissue [11]. Nestin expression has been extensively used as a marker for central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells in different contexts [4]. Nestin has recently received attention as a marker for detecting newly formed endothelial cells [3,12].","PeriodicalId":92215,"journal":{"name":"International clinical pathology journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44689094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.04.00119
L. Siransy, Patricia Amah Kouacou, H. Adou, Bettina Kabran-Koffi, Y. Richard, S. R. Dassé
Although platelet transfusion remains the standard therapy for the management of cases of extreme thrombocytopenia in neonatology, obstetrics, surgery, medicine and oncohematology, providing an indication and prescribing platelet transfusion remain subtle. The administration of platelets is often associated with many problems including their availability, cost, infectious risk and immunogenicity. This immunogenicity is supported by allergenic systems that are defined by antigens lining the surface of the platelet membrane. Platelet blood group systems are of two types. The first type includes systems shared with other blood cells and possibly other tissues. These are the non-specific antigens of platelets. The second type of antigens is said to be specific to platelets. Twenty-nine human specific platelet antigens have been described to date. [1] HPA-1 [2] is the first platelet system described. Clinically it is the most important because the most immunogenic. It is a biallelic system defined by the HPA-1a and HPA-1b antigens [2].
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