Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X-C8-043
pIbrahim Abdulhalimp
{"title":"Green technology and engineering sustainability in higher education","authors":"pIbrahim Abdulhalimp","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X-C8-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X-C8-043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84767356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000181
Yao Hongbing, E. Asamoah, C. Jiawei, Y. Dongqing, Y. Fengxiao
In this study, we shall report the spectroscopic studies of the laser induced-Mg plasma in the atmospheric air by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser operating at its fundamental wavelength of 1062 nm. The plasma was evaluated as a function of distance along the plasma expansion from 0.5-5.5 mm. The electron temperature and the electron number density were determined from the Boltzmann’s plot method and the Stark broadening methods respectively. From our investigations the electron temperature was evaluated to be in the range of 17556-9785 K for the laser energy of 500 mJ and 17341-8946 K with laser energy of 450 mJ. The electron number density was deduced to be from 1.46 × 1017-1.89 × 1017 cm-3 and 1.29 × 1017-1.78×1017 cm-3 respectively. From our evaluations, we observed that the electron temperature and number density decrease along the distance of the plasma expansion, and also increases with increasing laser energy.
{"title":"Comprehensive Study on the Electron Temperature and Electron Density of Laser-Induced Mg Plasma","authors":"Yao Hongbing, E. Asamoah, C. Jiawei, Y. Dongqing, Y. Fengxiao","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we shall report the spectroscopic studies of the laser induced-Mg plasma in the atmospheric air by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser operating at its fundamental wavelength of 1062 nm. The plasma was evaluated as a function of distance along the plasma expansion from 0.5-5.5 mm. The electron temperature and the electron number density were determined from the Boltzmann’s plot method and the Stark broadening methods respectively. From our investigations the electron temperature was evaluated to be in the range of 17556-9785 K for the laser energy of 500 mJ and 17341-8946 K with laser energy of 450 mJ. The electron number density was deduced to be from 1.46 × 1017-1.89 × 1017 cm-3 and 1.29 × 1017-1.78×1017 cm-3 respectively. From our evaluations, we observed that the electron temperature and number density decrease along the distance of the plasma expansion, and also increases with increasing laser energy.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000174
K. I. Imhan, Baharudin Btht, A. Zakaria, M. Ismail, Naseer Mahdi Hadi Alsabti, A. Ahmad
Laser forming of materials can help produce the desired shapes from sheets or tubes, which is not possible through conventional methods. Molds, dies, and external force are not needed for the laser forming of materials. Furthermore, the process is flexible and can be controlled by making changes to the materials, their geometry, and the laser parameters, either individually or in combination with each other. Investigations into laser tube bending are scarce in the literature pertaining to this field of study despite its potential and industrial importance. In contrast, much research has been conducted on laser sheet forming, which employs the same mechanism. In this study, laser tube bending is compared with laser sheet forming in order to develop a better understanding of the laser forming process. This review elucidates upon the mechanisms employed in laser forming (in general) and laser tube bending (in particular). A number of investigation methods are reviewed and analytical models of the process are also described. The principle of laser tube bending is explained, and the influence of various parameters (such as materials, geometry, laser, edge, and cooling effects) on the process is analyzed. Additionally, large tubes bending and preloading, or laser assistance, are examined.
{"title":"Features of Laser Tube Bending processing based on Laser Forming: A Review","authors":"K. I. Imhan, Baharudin Btht, A. Zakaria, M. Ismail, Naseer Mahdi Hadi Alsabti, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"Laser forming of materials can help produce the desired shapes from sheets or tubes, which is not possible through conventional methods. Molds, dies, and external force are not needed for the laser forming of materials. Furthermore, the process is flexible and can be controlled by making changes to the materials, their geometry, and the laser parameters, either individually or in combination with each other. Investigations into laser tube bending are scarce in the literature pertaining to this field of study despite its potential and industrial importance. In contrast, much research has been conducted on laser sheet forming, which employs the same mechanism. In this study, laser tube bending is compared with laser sheet forming in order to develop a better understanding of the laser forming process. This review elucidates upon the mechanisms employed in laser forming (in general) and laser tube bending (in particular). A number of investigation methods are reviewed and analytical models of the process are also described. The principle of laser tube bending is explained, and the influence of various parameters (such as materials, geometry, laser, edge, and cooling effects) on the process is analyzed. Additionally, large tubes bending and preloading, or laser assistance, are examined.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000188
Subramaniam Tk, R. Premanand, Inbanathan
Lifetime studies of C60/Oxolane (THF) were studied in the 370 nm to 421 nm region. The average lifetime of the triplet state has been found to be 3.388956 seconds. The Chi squared probability was 0.9969191. Optical switching effect and photonic devices are suggested as applications. Figure 1: Horiba-Fluorocube-Fluorescence studies Spectrophotometer. Figure 2: Lifetimes reveals three different values indicating triplet states of C60/THF solution. Citation: Subramaniam TK, Premanand R, Inbanathan SR (2018) Lifetime Studies of Buckminster Fullerene C60 in the Region 370 nm to 421 nm Using THF (Oxolane). J Laser Opt Photonics 5: 188. doi: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000188
{"title":"Lifetime Studies of Buckminster Fullerene C60 in the Region 370 nm to 421 nm Using THF (Oxolane)","authors":"Subramaniam Tk, R. Premanand, Inbanathan","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"Lifetime studies of C60/Oxolane (THF) were studied in the 370 nm to 421 nm region. The average lifetime of the triplet state has been found to be 3.388956 seconds. The Chi squared probability was 0.9969191. Optical switching effect and photonic devices are suggested as applications. Figure 1: Horiba-Fluorocube-Fluorescence studies Spectrophotometer. Figure 2: Lifetimes reveals three different values indicating triplet states of C60/THF solution. Citation: Subramaniam TK, Premanand R, Inbanathan SR (2018) Lifetime Studies of Buckminster Fullerene C60 in the Region 370 nm to 421 nm Using THF (Oxolane). J Laser Opt Photonics 5: 188. doi: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000188","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86898882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000185
Sohail M
Charged coupled devices (CCDs) are much common in use in different imaging modalities. In most cases, they mainly limit the resolution of imaging devices. The resolution may be limited by them in two different ways: one by the finite non-zero size of pixels and second by the spacing between the pixels or the pixel pitch. If the pixel spacings do not follow the Nyquist sampling theorem, the information obtained does not represent the true picture of the object. The under-sampling by CCD has been dealt before in literature by placing optical mask at the Fourier plane in a 4f system assuming pixels as point pixels and reusing the same optical mask at the Fourier spectrum of the image captured by the CCD. If the pixels have non-zero width, as they do in reality, the under-sampling cannot be nullified using optical mask alone but a subpixeling in addition to optical mask is also required to remove the aliasing introduced by the nonzero size of the pixels. The three level gray mask at the CCD plane is used that to resolve the CCD pixel into small subpixels while the image and the CCD remain motionless. The intensities were recorded by the CCD at each subpixel step that recovers the information lost due to the averaging nature of the CCD pixels. To our knowledge, we for the first time are combining the optical mask at the Fourier plane in a 4f system and subpixeling of the CCD pixel by using three level gray mask at the CCD plane simultaneously for nullifying the effect of undersampling by the CCD of finite pixel size. Citation: Sohail M (2018) Enhancement of the Resolution of CCD Undersampling with Amplitude Grating and Subpixeling. J Laser Opt Photonics 5: 185. doi: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000185
{"title":"Enhancement of the Resolution of CCD Undersampling with Amplitude Grating and Subpixeling","authors":"Sohail M","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Charged coupled devices (CCDs) are much common in use in different imaging modalities. In most cases, they mainly limit the resolution of imaging devices. The resolution may be limited by them in two different ways: one by the finite non-zero size of pixels and second by the spacing between the pixels or the pixel pitch. If the pixel spacings do not follow the Nyquist sampling theorem, the information obtained does not represent the true picture of the object. The under-sampling by CCD has been dealt before in literature by placing optical mask at the Fourier plane in a 4f system assuming pixels as point pixels and reusing the same optical mask at the Fourier spectrum of the image captured by the CCD. If the pixels have non-zero width, as they do in reality, the under-sampling cannot be nullified using optical mask alone but a subpixeling in addition to optical mask is also required to remove the aliasing introduced by the nonzero size of the pixels. The three level gray mask at the CCD plane is used that to resolve the CCD pixel into small subpixels while the image and the CCD remain motionless. The intensities were recorded by the CCD at each subpixel step that recovers the information lost due to the averaging nature of the CCD pixels. To our knowledge, we for the first time are combining the optical mask at the Fourier plane in a 4f system and subpixeling of the CCD pixel by using three level gray mask at the CCD plane simultaneously for nullifying the effect of undersampling by the CCD of finite pixel size. Citation: Sohail M (2018) Enhancement of the Resolution of CCD Undersampling with Amplitude Grating and Subpixeling. J Laser Opt Photonics 5: 185. doi: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000185","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87409850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000179
N. Norazmi, Abdul Rasat Zr, M. Mohamad, H. Manap
The aim of this research work is to measure the concentration and absorption cross-section of artificial uric acid in the Ultraviolet (UV) region using UV-Vis spectrometer. The uric acid sample comes in powder form which has to be dissolved with distilled water to convert it into liquid form. Therefore, it can be placed in the cuvette for the analysis purposes. This research study was proposed to make a comparison with the previous research studies that uric acid was normally extracted from human serum as a real sample. This research study was carried out using an artificial sample of uric acid with the suspended or grits of uric acid which were not totally dissolved. These grits might be artificially assumed as crystallites which is common with Gout disease. Based on the medical perspective, crystallites normally inhibit the human joints which may cause intense pain to the human bones or tissues. In the experiment, the distilled water was used a background or reference spectrum which can be stored and automatically deducted using the Spectra suite software application. Thus, Spectra suite only measures the pure concentration and UV absorption wavelength of the uric acid through the use of the spectrometer. The absorbance data was extracted and substituted into Beer’s Lambert Law formula to calculate the value of absorption cross-section. The result shows that the value of UV absorption wavelength and absorption cross-section is really close as reported in the previous research studies. It proves that even the artificial sample of uric acid with the grits still can give a very close result. The UV absorption of uric acid was obtained at 293.99 nm by four different concentrations. The response time was successfully done in 3 seconds. The resulting curves have noise signals which can be analyzed and reduced using an averaging method to make the curve look sharper and lack of noise.
{"title":"UV detection on artificial uric acid using UV-Vis spectrometer","authors":"N. Norazmi, Abdul Rasat Zr, M. Mohamad, H. Manap","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research work is to measure the concentration and absorption cross-section of artificial uric acid in the Ultraviolet (UV) region using UV-Vis spectrometer. The uric acid sample comes in powder form which has to be dissolved with distilled water to convert it into liquid form. Therefore, it can be placed in the cuvette for the analysis purposes. This research study was proposed to make a comparison with the previous research studies that uric acid was normally extracted from human serum as a real sample. This research study was carried out using an artificial sample of uric acid with the suspended or grits of uric acid which were not totally dissolved. These grits might be artificially assumed as crystallites which is common with Gout disease. Based on the medical perspective, crystallites normally inhibit the human joints which may cause intense pain to the human bones or tissues. In the experiment, the distilled water was used a background or reference spectrum which can be stored and automatically deducted using the Spectra suite software application. Thus, Spectra suite only measures the pure concentration and UV absorption wavelength of the uric acid through the use of the spectrometer. The absorbance data was extracted and substituted into Beer’s Lambert Law formula to calculate the value of absorption cross-section. The result shows that the value of UV absorption wavelength and absorption cross-section is really close as reported in the previous research studies. It proves that even the artificial sample of uric acid with the grits still can give a very close result. The UV absorption of uric acid was obtained at 293.99 nm by four different concentrations. The response time was successfully done in 3 seconds. The resulting curves have noise signals which can be analyzed and reduced using an averaging method to make the curve look sharper and lack of noise.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84307380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000187
A. Belay, G. Assefa
The concentration, wavelength and temperature dependent refractive index of sugar solution has been investigated. The refractive index of sugar solutions (5%-50%) obtained using Red Diode Laser, Green Diode Laser and He-Ne Laser light were found to be in the range of (1.3357-1.4117), (1.3467-1.4272) and (1.3380-1.4140) respectively. The refractive index has linear relationship with the concentration of sugar solution. Mathematical expressions were also derived for the wavelength dependent refractive index of sugar solution by fitting Cauchy’s equation to the experimental data using non-linear curve at the minimum discrepancy. The empirical expression of temperature dependent of refractive index of the sugar solution was determined; and the result indicates that, as the temperature increases the refractive index of the solutions decrease the method was also applied to determine the sugar contents in soft drink beverages (Pepsi, Coca, 7up, Sprite, Fanta and Mirinda). The results in g/100 ml are: (10.48 ± 0.001), (10.42 ± 0.001), (10.42 ± 0.001), (6.79 ± 0.002), (7.03 ± 0.001) and (9.89 ± 0.002) respectively. The techniques are simple, fast and inexpensive. Citation: Belay A, Assefa G (2018) Concentration, Wavelength and Temperature Dependent Refractive Index of Sugar Solutions and Methods of Determination
{"title":"Concentration, Wavelength and Temperature Dependent Refractive Index of Sugar Solutions and Methods of Determination Contents of Sugar in Soft Drink Beverages using Laser Lights","authors":"A. Belay, G. Assefa","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration, wavelength and temperature dependent refractive index of sugar solution has been investigated. The refractive index of sugar solutions (5%-50%) obtained using Red Diode Laser, Green Diode Laser and He-Ne Laser light were found to be in the range of (1.3357-1.4117), (1.3467-1.4272) and (1.3380-1.4140) respectively. The refractive index has linear relationship with the concentration of sugar solution. Mathematical expressions were also derived for the wavelength dependent refractive index of sugar solution by fitting Cauchy’s equation to the experimental data using non-linear curve at the minimum discrepancy. The empirical expression of temperature dependent of refractive index of the sugar solution was determined; and the result indicates that, as the temperature increases the refractive index of the solutions decrease the method was also applied to determine the sugar contents in soft drink beverages (Pepsi, Coca, 7up, Sprite, Fanta and Mirinda). The results in g/100 ml are: (10.48 ± 0.001), (10.42 ± 0.001), (10.42 ± 0.001), (6.79 ± 0.002), (7.03 ± 0.001) and (9.89 ± 0.002) respectively. The techniques are simple, fast and inexpensive. Citation: Belay A, Assefa G (2018) Concentration, Wavelength and Temperature Dependent Refractive Index of Sugar Solutions and Methods of Determination","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74675257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000186
A. Diouf, B. Lo, B. Ngom, A. Beye
The optical properties of the a-plane oriented ZnO described by an inhomogeneous model are investigated by using another form of Gaussian function. The reflectivity spectrum of the excitons A, B and C are represented by using the same physical parameters than the theory of the spatial resonance dispersion of Hopfield model. The data obtained are well discussed and are, as well, almost the same than the experimental data found by the authors.
{"title":"Inhomogeneous Model for the Investigation of the Optical Properties of the A-Plane Oriented ZnO Epilayers Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy","authors":"A. Diouf, B. Lo, B. Ngom, A. Beye","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"The optical properties of the a-plane oriented ZnO described by an inhomogeneous model are investigated by using another form of Gaussian function. The reflectivity spectrum of the excitons A, B and C are represented by using the same physical parameters than the theory of the spatial resonance dispersion of Hopfield model. The data obtained are well discussed and are, as well, almost the same than the experimental data found by the authors.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81830045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000178
Pin-Hua Ll, Pinheiro Nl, M. F. Cavalcanti, Joseli Maria Cordeiro, R. L. Marcos, dos Santos Mt, L. Frigo
Background: Adhesion of braces to dental enamel is critical for orthodontic treatments, for that purpose, phosphoric acid has been used successfully to prepare dental enamel surface before bonding braces. ER:YAG laser has proved ability to do the same over buccal surfaces of dental enamel, but the increasing interest for lingual orthodontics leaded to the question whether ER:YAG laser can prepare equally palatal and buccal surfaces for bonding lingual braces. Material and methods: 15 teeth that were extracted for clinical purposes were microscopic electronic scanned (MES) before treatment, after phosphoric acid 37%, and after ER:YAG laser irradiated, images of buccal and palatal faces after each treatment were analyzed by image J software. Results: After all treatments enamel surfaces were mostly type 1, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion: Phosphoric acid 37% and the used dose of Er:YAG laser can successfully prepare dental enamel surface before bonding braces over buccal and palatal faces of teeth.
{"title":"Comparison of Phosphoric Acid 37% and Er:YAG Laser Used to Prepare Dental Enamel Palatal Surface before Bonding Braces","authors":"Pin-Hua Ll, Pinheiro Nl, M. F. Cavalcanti, Joseli Maria Cordeiro, R. L. Marcos, dos Santos Mt, L. Frigo","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adhesion of braces to dental enamel is critical for orthodontic treatments, for that purpose, phosphoric acid has been used successfully to prepare dental enamel surface before bonding braces. ER:YAG laser has proved ability to do the same over buccal surfaces of dental enamel, but the increasing interest for lingual orthodontics leaded to the question whether ER:YAG laser can prepare equally palatal and buccal surfaces for bonding lingual braces. Material and methods: 15 teeth that were extracted for clinical purposes were microscopic electronic scanned (MES) before treatment, after phosphoric acid 37%, and after ER:YAG laser irradiated, images of buccal and palatal faces after each treatment were analyzed by image J software. Results: After all treatments enamel surfaces were mostly type 1, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion: Phosphoric acid 37% and the used dose of Er:YAG laser can successfully prepare dental enamel surface before bonding braces over buccal and palatal faces of teeth.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74372113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000182
Subramaniam Tk, G. Vinitha, J. Cv, R. Premanand
The third order non-linear optical properties of Buckminster fullerene (C60) molecule has been studied using a Nd:YAG laser, in the visible and in the infrared region. The solvent using toluene was specifically used because of low threshold intensity for an optical limiter application. Closed aperture Z-scan technique was adopted to characterize the material due to its simplicity and high sensitivity in measuring the third-order optical nonlinearity. This allows computing the contributions of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction towards nonlinearity. Saturable Absorption (SA) for C60 nano particles is also established. RSA is not established. FT-IR studies is also carried out to characterize the sample and to correlate the NLO studies.
{"title":"Non-Linear Optical Properties of Nano Particle C60 Fullerene Using Lasers","authors":"Subramaniam Tk, G. Vinitha, J. Cv, R. Premanand","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"The third order non-linear optical properties of Buckminster fullerene (C60) molecule has been studied using a Nd:YAG laser, in the visible and in the infrared region. The solvent using toluene was specifically used because of low threshold intensity for an optical limiter application. Closed aperture Z-scan technique was adopted to characterize the material due to its simplicity and high sensitivity in measuring the third-order optical nonlinearity. This allows computing the contributions of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction towards nonlinearity. Saturable Absorption (SA) for C60 nano particles is also established. RSA is not established. FT-IR studies is also carried out to characterize the sample and to correlate the NLO studies.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87818880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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