BMC Research Notes最新文献

Objective: Conducting health research with adolescents involves navigating complex challenges at both organisational and individual levels. As part of evaluating the EACH-B (Engaging Adolescents with Changing Behaviour) intervention-a school-based randomised controlled trial aimed at improving diet and physical activity in adolescents, we explored researchers' insider experiences of programme implementation. The study investigates real-world implementation challenges and protocol adaptations in the EACH-B trial to provide practical guidance for public health interventions in schools. Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 10 members of the research team.

Results: Researchers identified significant barriers within the 'Inner' settings (internal research processes) and 'Outer' settings (external school environment and policy landscape). Research delivery was hindered by post-pandemic school priorities-specifically academic recovery and mental health support which limited the feasibility of maintaining adolescent engagement and school access. Researcher-led adaptations emerged as a critical, yet often hidden, component of maintaining trial fidelity. The study concludes that reflexive 'insider' perspectives and flexible designs are essential to align research with shifting school priorities. These adaptive strategies provide a blueprint for more resilient and feasible public health interventions.

Introduction: Early pregnancy bleeding (EPB) is considered as an important risk factor for pregnancy loss. Therefore, the rest of the pregnancy is managed cautiously in order to prevent adverse outcome in these patients. Sri Lanka, although a developing country, maternal and fetal health is maintained as a high standard despite limitations. This study is aimed at analysing association of EPB with neonatal outcomes in a low resource setting.

Results: A total of 238 women were included in this retrospective case-control study, of whom 81 (34%) experienced EPB and 157 (66%) served as matched controls. EPB was significantly associated with lower neonatal birth weight (adjusted OR = 2.44, p = 0.017). The odds of preterm delivery were markedly higher among women with EPB (adjusted OR = 14.34, P = 0.001), though the model fit was marginal. No significant associations were found between EPB and, pregnancy induced hypertension, or gestational diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant association between EPB and low birth weight and strong but model-wise marginal association with preterm delivery, warranting early identification and close antenatal surveillance of pregnancies complicated by early bleeding, especially in resource-limited settings.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the prevalence of hypertension, overall and by sociodemographic factors, in a large clinical population of 13,873 primarily rural and Indigenous Guatemalan women. The purpose of the research is to present epidemiological findings that can be useful for public health planning and resource allocation.

Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 16.3% (95% CI 15.7-17.0%) and age-adjusted prevalence was 16.0% (95% CI 15.3-16.8%) using American Heart Association thresholds of 130 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 80 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure for classification. Seventy-nine percent of those classified as hypertensive were previously undiagnosed. Hypertension prevalence increased with age and body mass index. Indigenous women and women who spoke Mayan languages both had approximately 20% lower prevalence of hypertension than non-Indigenous and Spanish-speaking women, respectively. In general, hypertension prevalence increased as likelihood of poverty decreased. Among those classified as hypertensive who had a second blood pressure reading available, 53% had elevated blood pressure on the second reading. When thresholds of 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg were used for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, overall hypertension prevalence was 5.4% (95% CI 5.0-5.8%) and age-adjusted prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI 5.4-6.6%).

Objectives: The dataset was collected to provide a comprehensive overview of service utilization, socio-economic conditions, and rehabilitation needs among registered persons with disabilities in Changchun, China. It aims to address the lack of large-scale, individual-level data in this field and to support research on disability inclusion, welfare systems, and social policy development.

Data description: The dataset contains records for 197,302 registered persons with disabilities gathered in 2020 via telephone interviews supplemented by in-person visits. It comprises 155 variables across seven domains: demographics; economic conditions; internet access and use; employment and skills; medical and rehabilitation services and assistive products and technology; accessible environment; and cultural and sports participation. Anonymized data, raw tables, and a detailed codebook are openly available on Harvard Dataverse [15]. The resource enables fine-grained analyses of urban-rural and district heterogeneity, functional-limitation patterns, and gaps between required and received services. It also supports the construction of equity-sensitive indicators, multivariable and multilevel models of service utilization, and benchmarking for programmed monitoring. The cross-sectional design and a focus on certificate holders should be considered when interpreting results, yet the scale and coverage make the dataset valuable for comparative studies and careful linkage with public statistics under appropriate safeguards.

Objective: This study aims to determine the delay in treatment of road traffic injuries in the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Out of 373 RTI patients, the majority were males (312, 83.6%), and the mean ± SD age was 32.2 ± 17.4. Most injuries were fractures in the upper & lower limbs (236, 63.3%), and 302 (81.0%) underwent surgery. Of 373, 74 (19.8%) RTI patients were positive for COVID-19. The mean ± SD number of hours from ED arrival to treatment start in COVID-19 positive patients was 10.9 ± 6.7, while 6.4 ± 1.6 in negative patients. About 65% of the patients had a delay in treatment (n = 242). After 30 days of follow-up, 21 (5.6%) patients were dead. The adjusted odds of delay in treatment of RTI patients were 1.80 times (95% CI 1.27-2.45) in males compared to females. The adjusted odds of treatment delays in COVID-19 positive patients were 1.47 times (95% CI 1.13-1.92) compared to negative patients.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of overexpression of alternative mitochondrial enzymes such as yeast NADH dehydrogenase I (NDI1) and alternative oxidase (AOX) on the metabolism, oxidative stress and feeding behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Experimental flies with expression of NDI1 or AOX were generated using genetic crosses based on the GAL4-UAS system.

Results: Female flies with NDI1 expression showed increased food consumption, markers of oxidative stress (elevated carbonyl protein content), and increased activity of the detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase, along with decreased activity of key metabolic enzymes, including dehydrogenases of isocitrate, lactate, and glucose-6-phosphate. In contrast, AOX-expressing flies had reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity, decreased levels of lipid peroxides, and increased glutathione reductase activity. Lower free glucose levels with elevated glycogen stores were found in AOX-expressing female flies. The results suggest that the alternative electron transport chain may alter energy and redox metabolism. In particular, NDI1 expression could increase energy demand and induce compensatory hyperphagia. In contrast, AOX might bypass key steps of proton gradient generation, potentially reducing superoxide production.