British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

White potatoes are a major contributor to energy and nutrient intake in the US, which supports investigating their relationship with cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional analysis assessed relationships of total white potato intake and dietary patterns containing white potatoes prepared by various methods with diet quality and markers of cardiometabolic health in adults categorized by diabetes status. The dietary intake assessment component of NHANES (2001-2018), What We Eat in America (WWEIA), was linked with the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and Food Patterns Equivalents Database to rank consumption of white potato-containing foods. Dietary patterns were determined by percent calories from white potatoes and main food groups in WWEIA using cluster analysis. Regression analysis assessed trends in individuals with (n=5,467) and without (n=38,159) diagnosed diabetes. P < 0.01 was significant. The most consumed white potato-containing foods were French fries, potato chips, and home fries. In adults without diagnosed diabetes, total white potato intake was positively associated with glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and waist circumference. Glycated hemoglobin was lower in those who primarily consumed dietary patterns with baked/boiled potatoes and waist circumference was higher in those who primarily consumed dietary patterns with chips, fried potatoes, or mashed potatoes compared to adults with no white potato intake. In adults without diagnosed diabetes, total white potato intake was associated with greater cardiometabolic risk, which may be due, in part, to frying as the predominate preparation method of white potatoes in the US.

This prospective study investigated the associations of various diet quality indices with mortality in Japan. Participants were 13 355 men and 15 724 women from the Takayama study. Eight diet quality indices were assessed using an FFQ: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, alternative Mediterranean diet scores, Healthy Eating Index-2015, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, Diet Quality Score for Japanese, Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and twelve-item Japanese Diet Index. Cox proportional models estimated hazard ratios and 95 % CI for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a 1 sd difference for each index, with adjustment for confounders. During a mean follow-up of 14·1 years, 5339 deaths were recorded. Hazard ratios (95 % CI) per 1 sd higher index were 0·90 (0·87, 0·93) for Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, 0·92 (0·89, 0·95) for Diet Quality Score for Japanese, 0·93 (0·91, 0·96) for Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, 0·94 (0·92, 0·97) for alternative Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, 0·94 (0·91, 0·97) for Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top, 0·94 (0·91, 0·98) for twelve-item Japanese Diet Index and 0·97 (0·94, 0·996) for Healthy Eating Index-2015. Similar protective associations were observed for CVD mortality, but not for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that all eight indices are associated with lower mortality and that the strength of associations varies across indices; the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 showed relatively strong associations, followed by the Diet Quality Score for Japanese, whereas the associations of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 appeared relatively weaker in this Japanese population.

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides a consensus-based diagnostic framework for malnutrition in hospitalised patients, which includes at least one phenotypic and one aetiologic criterion. In GLIM, appendicular skeletal muscle based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (ASM_BIA) and calf circumference (CC) are two common techniques for muscle mass assessment, but their accuracy remains debated. Therefore, the present study evaluates the prevalence of malnutrition upon hospital admission applied by GLIM criteria and mainly compares the effectiveness of ASM_BIA and CC. We screened a total of 605 patients from four hospitals in Indonesia (August-October 2024). Multivariate logistic regression analysed associations with clinical outcomes. Prevalence of malnutrition was 72·7 % using three phenotypes, 55·9 % with two phenotypes, 22·1 % via ASM_BIA and 62·6 % using CC. Significant associations (P < 0·05) were found between malnutrition and weight loss, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, handgrip strength, sarcopenia and fat-free mass index. For all criteria combinations, sensitivity was greater in CC (86·1 %), followed by two phenotypes (76·8 %), while the ASM_BIA had the poorest sensitivity (30·5 %). All GLIM-based diagnostic methods correlated with malnutrition risk screening and nutrition status indicators. The GLIM criteria provide a standardised, clinically relevant approach for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalised patients, with CC emerging as a highly sensitive assessment to examine muscle mass.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been frequently associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, including dyslipidaemia. However, research on lipid profiles and dietary intake in this population remains scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate dietary patterns and their association with serum lipid profile in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. The study included 233 individuals from 2 to under 19 years assisted by the public health system in Pelotas, Brazil. Fasting blood samples were collected and analysed for serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG. Dietary intake was assessed using three non-consecutive 24-h food recalls (two weekdays and one weekend day). Dietary patterns were derived through reduced rank regression, using food group intakes as predictors and fibre density, energy density, carbohydrate and saturated fat intakes as response variables. Standardised pattern scores were calculated to assess individual adherence, and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were applied to examine the association between the dietary pattern scores and lipid profiles. Elevated TAG concentrations were observed in 48·9 % of the participants. Four dietary patterns were identified: Healthy, sugar and starches, mixed and dairy and biscuits. After adjustment, no significant associations were observed between dietary pattern scores and lipid profile. These findings underscore the complex nature of lipid metabolism in individuals with ASD and suggest that dietary patterns alone may not fully explain variations in lipid profiles. This reinforces the need for further research and development of appropriate nutritional interventions for this population.

There is limited research on the association between soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between soda consumption and MetS in Korean adults, stratified by sex, and compared differences before and after the pandemic using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2021). A total of 13 051 adults aged 19-64 years were included. Soda consumption was assessed using 24-h recall and categorised into five groups (non-drinkers and four quartiles). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for MetS and its components. After adjusting for multiple covariates, no significant association was found between soda consumption and MetS overall. However, adults in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥ 373 g/d) had higher risks of abdominal obesity (P-trend = 0·006) and hypertriglyceridaemia (P-trend = 0·003), compared with non-drinkers. When analysed by gender, women in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥ 315 g/d) had significantly higher risk of MetS (OR = 1·70; 95 % CI: 1·08, 2·68), and multiple MetS components, whereas no significant associations were obserbed in men. Post-pandemic analysis revealed a significant association between high soda consumption (≥ 416 g/d) and MetS (OR = 1·56; 95 % CI: 1·04, 2·34), which was NS in the pre-pandemic period (P-interaction = 0·031). These findings suggest that high soda consumption may increase the risk of MetS, particularly among Korean women.

The aim of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of intuitive eating in the relationship between food insecurity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A total of 1039 adults aged between 20 and 64 years living in Niğde, Türkiye, were evaluated using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included items on participants' general characteristics, dietary habits, the Household Food Security Survey Module - Short Form, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Intuitive eating was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between food insecurity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Food insecurity was directly and negatively associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and this association remained significant even after the inclusion of intuitive eating as a variable in the model. In conclusion, food insecurity was found to negatively affect adherence to the Mediterranean diet not only directly but also indirectly by weakening intuitive eating skills. Interventions aimed at promoting intuitive eating may help mitigate unhealthy dietary behaviours associated with food insecurity; however, improving food access and living conditions remains essential for a long-term solution.

Children with coeliac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet (GFD) often have poor dietary quality (DQ). A Gluten-Free Food Guide (GFFG) was developed to address this. This pilot randomised controlled trial evaluated the impact of GFFG dietary counselling on DQ and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in newly diagnosed CD children. Child-parent pairs were randomised to the standard of care only (CON: n 20) or the intervention (INT: standard of care + GFFG; n 20). Primary outcomes included DQ (Healthy Eating Index-Canadian) and UPF intake (NOVA classification), assessed at baseline (BL), 3 and 6 months. In INT, dietary variety scores, a subcomponent of DQ, increased between BL and 3 months (BL: 6·7 (3·3-6·7) v. 3 months: 10 (10-10); P = 0·01) and in higher variety scores than CON at 3 months (P < 0·01). Total DQ and UPF intake remained unchanged. Increased dietary variety in INT was associated with increases in dairy products (BL: 7·5 (sd 3·6) % v. 3 months: 12·4 (sd 6·7) %; P = 0·01) and unsweetened milk (BL: 2·5 (sd 2·2) % v. 3 months: 4·7 (sd 3·0) %; P = 0·01) servings, consumed as a percentage of the total food group servings. These improvements were not observed at 6 months. A greater number of INT children met the GFFG protein recommendation at 3 months (BL: 0/19 v. 3 months: 5/19; P = 0·01), with no change in CON. A single GFFG session improved short-term dietary variety and unsweetened milk intake. Ongoing work addressing the GF food environment, dietitian access and policies to improve DQ are needed.

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Although chemotherapy remains a prevalent treatment, it negatively affects patients’ quality of life. In this regard, probiotics emerge as possible adjuvants. The aim of this study was to evaluate two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) selected for their immunomodulatory properties, Streptococcus thermophilus CRL807 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL864, in a breast cancer model undergoing chemotherapy with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected into the upper mammary gland of adult female mice. After tumour reached an appropriate size, mice were separated into groups (n 10) receiving either individual LAB (100 µl of 9 ± 1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml) or yoghurt (2 ± 1108 CFU/ml ad libitum) with or without chemotherapy. The results showed that administration of LAB or yoghurt resulted in a significant reduction in tumour size and weight (about 50%), modulating the immune response, with increases of IL-10 in mice with smaller tumours, and without affecting chemotherapy. Furthermore, consumption of LAB or yoghurt decreased the negative side effects associated with these treatments. Yoghurt showed the best results in preventing weight loss, with lower mortality (20 % v. 40 % for 5-FU treatment), maintaining intestinal histology and modulating plasma cytokines, with increases of IL-10. In conclusion, administration of this probiotic yoghurt was safe in cancer hosts undergoing chemotherapy, reducing some associated negative side effects without interfering with the primary cancer treatment. Furthermore, this yoghurt showed beneficial properties against the tumour, modulating the host’s immune response.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are often energy dense and low in nutrients. High consumption of UPF has been associated with non-communicable diseases, premature mortality and environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to assess UPF consumption in relation to diet quality and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, previously not examined in Iceland. Data from the Icelandic National Dietary Survey (2019–2021, n 822) were utilised. The NOVA classification system was used classifying all food and drinks reported. Dietary GHG emissions were quantified using an open-source life cycle assessment database. On average, 45 %±15 of the total calories consumed daily were derived from UPF, ranging from 24 % in the lowest quartile (UPFQ1) to 64 % in the highest quartile (UPFQ4). The energy contribution of UPF considered to fall within the Icelandic dietary guidelines was 4 %±4. UPFQ4 had significantly lower consumption of, e.g. red meat, fruits, vegetables and whole grains and higher consumption of, e.g. refined grains, sweets and soft drinks, compared with UPFQ1. UPFQ4 had a significantly higher energy intake, added sugar intake and lower intake of, e.g. proteins and iodine. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) share of dietary GHG emissions was 21 % (IQR: 11–34) of total kg CO₂-eq/d, while significantly lower in UPFQ4 compared with UPFQ1. Almost half of the daily energy intake of Icelandic diets was derived from UPF, reflecting relatively poor diet quality. However, dietary GHG emissions were relatively low in high consumers of UPF, reflecting higher meat consumption in low consumers of UPF. Findings underline the urgency of policy implementation, aligning food consumption with dietary guidelines.

Dietary patterns are key modifiable determinants in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, accounting for over half of CVD-related deaths and disabilities. This study aimed to examine whether changes in diet quality and six predefined diet scores were associated with incident cardiovascular (CV) events over four years among secondary care cardiology patients. We conducted a secondary prospective analysis of participants aged ≥45 years from the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial, including 1,704, 1,629 and 1,286 individuals for the 12-, 24- and 36-month change analyses, respectively. The assessed diet scores included the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (dTAC), overall, healthful and unhealthful Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI, hPDI, uPDI), and the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI). The primary outcome was the incidence of new CV events in each follow-up period, adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoints Committee. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, combining intervention and control groups. A total of 162 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 3.25 years. After 36 months, improvements in mAHEI scores were inversely associated with CV event incidence in both crude (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99) and adjusted models (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-1.00). No significant associations were found for changes in DII, dTAC, PDI, hPDI or uPDI across any time point. These findings suggest that, in individuals receiving secondary CV care, sustained improvements in diet quality, particularly those reflected by the mAHEI, may require longer periods to translate into measurable benefits for cardiovascular health.