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4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.73-4cover
Job’s tears growing in a field (background). Job’s tears flowers have protruding stamens and pistils (bottom of right). This indicates that they can easily cross-pollinate between cultivars (middle of right) and wild types (top of right). The wild type has several traits that make it undesirable for medicinal use, such as a hard seed coat and non-glutinous endosperm. Therefore, when growing Job’s tears, it is important to avoid crossing with wild species (This issue, p. 408–414).
约伯的眼泪在田野里生长(背景)。约伯泪花有突出的雄蕊和雌蕊(右下)。这表明它们可以很容易地在栽培品种(右中)和野生型(右上)之间进行异花授粉。野生型有几个特点,使其不适合药用,如坚硬的种皮和无粘性的胚乳。因此,在种植约伯泪时,避免与野生物种杂交是很重要的(本期,第408-414页)。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of stable QTLs for vascular bundle number at the panicle neck in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) 水稻穗部维管束数量稳定qtl的鉴定与表征(&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt)l .)
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23013
Ha Thi Le Nguyen, Shizuka Suetsugu, Yuna Nakamura, Zita Demeter, Shao-Hui Zheng, Daisuke Fujita
A large vascular bundle number (VBN) in the panicle neck in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is related to the ability to transport assimilates from stem and leaf to reproductive organs during seed maturation. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for VBN have been identified by using segregating populations derived from a cross be‍tween indica and japonica rice cultivars. However, the detailed location, effect, and interaction of QTLs for VBN were not understood well. Here, to elucidate the genetic basis of VBN, we identified three stable QTLs for VBN—qVBN5, qVBN6 and qVBN11—by using 71 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between indica ‘IR24’ and japonica ‘Asominori’. We confirmed their positions and characterized their effects by using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with an ‘IR24’ genetic background. qVBN6 had the most substantial effect on VBN, followed by qVBN11 and qVBN5. We developed pyramided lines carrying two QTLs for VBN to estimate their interaction. The combination of qVBN6 and qVBN11 accumulated VBN negatively in the pyramided lines owing to the independent actions of each QTL. The QTLs detected for VBN will enhance our understanding of genetic mechanisms of VBN and can be used in rice breeding.
水稻穗颈维管束数量的增加与种子成熟过程中茎叶向生殖器官运输同化物的能力有关。利用籼稻和粳稻杂交组合‍获得的分离群体,鉴定了多个VBN数量性状位点(qtl)。然而,qtl在VBN中的具体位置、作用和相互作用尚不清楚。为了阐明VBN的遗传基础,我们利用籼稻“IR24”与粳稻“Asominori”杂交的71个重组自交系,鉴定出了VBN的3个稳定qtl——qvbn5、qVBN6和qvbn11。我们利用具有IR24遗传背景的染色体片段代换系(CSSLs)确定了它们的位置,并对它们的作用进行了表征。qVBN6对VBN的影响最大,其次是qVBN11和qVBN5。我们开发了携带两个qtl的金字塔线用于VBN,以估计它们的相互作用。qVBN6和qVBN11的组合由于各自QTL的独立作用而负向积累VBN。检测到的VBN qtl将有助于加深对VBN遗传机制的认识,并可用于水稻育种。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular-based race classification of <i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i> causing tan spot of wheat in Japan Pyrenophora tritrii -repentis&lt;/i&gt;在日本造成小麦黑斑病
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23012
Keita Kato, Yusuke Ban, Mikiko Yanaka, Shoya Kitabayashi, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Keisuke Tomioka, Miwako Ito
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引用次数: 0
Development of pyramided lines carrying brown planthopper resistance genes in the genetic background of Indica Group rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) variety ‘IR64’ 籼稻(&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt)遗传背景下携带抗褐飞虱基因的金字塔系的发育L.品种“IR64”
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23028
Md. Mostofa Kamal, Cuong Dinh Nguyen, Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura, Shao-Hui Zheng, Daisuke Fujita
The development of resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties is a key strategy for the eco-friendly control of brown planthopper (BPH: Nilaparvata lugens Stål). However, BPH outbreaks occur frequently owing to the evolution of virulent strains in the field and the rapid breakdown of monogenic resistance to BPH. Therefore, to enhance BPH resistance and gauge the effectiveness of gene pyramiding against strongly virulent BPH, we developed pyramided lines (PYLs) in the genetic background of ‘IR64’ carrying BPH resistance genes. We developed six IR64-PYLs (BPH3 + BPH17, BPH32 + BPH17, BPH32 + BPH20, BPH3 + BPH17-ptb, BPH20 + BPH3, and BPH17-ptb + BPH32) through marker-assisted selection. To assess the resistance of the IR64-PYLs, we conducted antibiosis test, honeydew test, and modified seedbox screening test (MSST) using strongly virulent BPH populations. The level of BPH resistance increased in all six IR64-PYLs compared to ‍both ‘IR64’ and the corresponding NILs in MSST. Among them, IR64-BPH3 + BPH17 and IR64-BPH32 + BPH17 exhibited the highest resistance to BPH. However, the resistance level of most IR64-PYLs was not significantly higher than that of the corresponding NILs in antibiosis test. Thus, these PYLs could serve as a valuable resource for breeding programs aimed at improving resistance to virulent strains of BPH and enhancing their durability.
抗性水稻品种的培育是生态防治褐飞虱的关键策略之一。然而,由于田间有毒菌株的进化和对BPH的单基因抗性的迅速破坏,BPH暴发经常发生。因此,为了提高BPH抗性并评估基因金字塔对强毒BPH的有效性,我们在“IR64”遗传背景下培育了携带BPH抗性基因的金字塔系(pyl)。我们通过标记辅助选择获得了6个ir64 - pyl (BPH3 + BPH17、BPH32 + BPH17、BPH32 + BPH20、BPH3 + BPH17-ptb、BPH20 + BPH3和BPH17-ptb + BPH32)。为了评估ir64 - pyl的抗性,我们利用强毒BPH群体进行了抗生素试验、蜜露试验和改良种箱筛选试验(MSST)。与‍相比,所有6个IR64- pyl的BPH抗性水平都有所增加,同时在MSST中,IR64和相应的NILs都有所增加。其中,IR64-BPH3 + BPH17和IR64-BPH32 + BPH17对BPH的抗性最强。然而,在抗生素试验中,大多数ir64 - pyl的耐药水平并不显著高于相应的NILs。因此,这些pyl可以作为育种计划的宝贵资源,旨在提高对BPH毒株的抗性和增强其持久性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and fine-mapping for <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> disease resistance in <i>Raphanus sativus</i> using GRAS-Di technology 尖孢镰刀菌数量性状位点(QTL)分析及精细定位萝卜的抗病性&lt;i&gt;采用grass - di技术
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.23032
Chukwunonso Sylvanus Austin Ezeah, Juichi Shimazu, Takahiro Kawanabe, Motoki Shimizu, Shinichi Kawashima, Makoto Kaji, Charles Onyemaechi Ezinma, Md Nuruzzaman, Nami Minato, Eigo Fukai, Keiichi Okazaki
Fusarium wilt is a significant disease in radish, but the genetic mechanisms controlling yellows resistance (YR) are not well understood. This study aimed to identify YR-QTLs and to fine-map one of them using F2:3 populations developed from resistant and susceptible radish parents. In this study, two high-density genetic maps each containing shared co-dominant markers and either female or male dominant markers that spanned 988.6 and 1127.5 cM with average marker densities of 1.40 and 1.53 cM, respectively, were generated using Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing-Direct (GRAS-Di) technology. We identified two YR-QTLs on chromosome R2 and R7, and designated the latter as ForRs1 as the major QTL. Fine mapping narrowed down the ForRs1 locus to a 195 kb region. Among the 16 predicted genes in the delimited region, 4 genes including two receptor-like protein and -kinase genes (RLP/RLK) were identified as prime candidates for ForRs1 based on the nucleotide sequence comparisons between the parents and their predicted functions. This study is the first to use a GRAS-Di for genetic map construction of cruciferous crops and fine map the YR-QTL on the R7 chromosome of radish. These findings will provide groundbreaking insights into radish YR breeding and understanding the genetics of YR mechanism.
枯萎病是萝卜的重要病害,但控制其抗黄性的遗传机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在利用抗性和易感萝卜亲本培育的F2:3群体,鉴定其中的一个yr - qtl,并对其进行精细定位。本研究利用随机扩增子测序-直接(grass - di)技术构建了2个高密度遗传图谱,每个遗传图谱均包含共有共显性标记和雌性或雄性显性标记,长度分别为988.6和1127.5 cM,平均标记密度分别为1.40和1.53 cM。我们在R2和R7染色体上鉴定了两个yr -QTL,并将后者指定为ForRs1为主要QTL。精细的定位将ForRs1基因座缩小到一个195 kb的区域。在该区的16个预测基因中,通过对亲本核苷酸序列和预测功能的比较,确定了4个基因为ForRs1的首选候选基因,其中包括两个受体样蛋白和激酶基因(RLP/RLK)。本研究首次利用grass - di构建十字花科作物遗传图谱,并精细定位萝卜R7染色体上的YR-QTL。这些发现将为萝卜YR育种和了解YR的遗传学机制提供开创性的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of preharvest sprouting resistance with MOTHER OF FT AND TFL 1 + mutated ABA 8'-hydroxylase in white-seeded durum wheat. FT母和tfl1 +突变ABA 8′-羟化酶提高白粒硬粒小麦采前抗性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22018
Yusuke Ban, Keita Kato, Miwako Ito, Mikiko Yanaka, Kanenori Takata

Improvement of preharvest sprouting (PHS) resistance is an important objective in the breeding of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) in Japan, where the harvest timing overlaps with the rainy season. In a previous study, we showed that an R-gene associated with red seed color was the most effective at promoting PHS resistance in durum wheat. However, red-seeded durum wheat is not popular because it discolors pasta. Here, to improve PHS resistance without the R-gene, we introduced a PHS resistance allele of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL 1 (MFT) and a mutated ABA 8'-hydroxylase (ABA8'OH1-A), which is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, singly or together into white-seeded durum wheat. The introduction of both genes reliably and stably improved PHS resistance under all tested conditions. Modification of ABA catabolism might be an effective way to improve PHS resistance in durum wheat. Our findings will contribute to improved PHS resistance in breeding for white-seeded durum wheat.

提高小麦采前发芽抗性是硬粒小麦育种的重要目标。硬质(Desf)。在日本,收获时间与雨季重叠。在之前的研究中,我们发现与红色种子颜色相关的r基因在促进硬粒小麦对小灵通的抗性方面最有效。然而,红籽硬粒小麦不受欢迎,因为它会使意大利面变色。为了提高没有r基因的白粒硬粒小麦对小灵通的抗性,我们将FT和TFL 1 (MFT)的母亲抗小灵通等位基因和ABA8′-羟化酶(aba8′oh1 - a)单独或共同引入白粒硬粒小麦。在所有测试条件下,这两个基因的引入都可靠而稳定地提高了小灵通的抗性。调控ABA的分解代谢可能是提高硬粒小麦对小灵通抗性的有效途径。研究结果将有助于提高白粒硬粒小麦的抗性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analyses of Stvb-allelic genes reveal japonica specificity of rice stripe resistance in Oryza sativa. stvb等位基因的比较分析揭示了水稻条纹抗性的粳稻特异性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22027
Keiko Hayashi, Yoshihiro Kawahara, Hideo Maeda, Yuriko Hayano-Saito

Rice stripe, a viral disease, causes widespread damage to japonica rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica). A rice stripe virus (RSV) bioassay revealed that many indica and japonica upland varieties exhibit resistance, whereas japonica paddy varieties are susceptible. However, the genetic background for this subspecies-dependent resistance is unclear. Herein, we focused on rice stripe resistance genes located at the Stvb locus. Three resistant alleles, Stvb-i (indica), Stvb (japonica upland), and Stvb-o (Oryza officinalis) were compared with the susceptible allele, stvb-j (japonica paddy). The expression of the resistance genes was higher than that of stvb-j. Sequence comparison revealed that the resistant and susceptible alleles had different 5'-end sequences and 61-bp element(s) in the fourth intron. The insertion of an LTR-retrotransposon modified the exon 1 sequence of stvb-j. We then developed four DNA markers based on gene structure information and genotyped resistant and susceptible varieties. The LTR-retrotransposon insertion was detected only in susceptible varieties. Resistant genotypes were primarily found in indica and upland japonica, whereas paddy japonica carried the susceptible genotype. Our results characterize the genetic differences associated with RSV resistance and susceptibility in O. sativa and provide insights on the application of DNA markers in rice stripe disease management.

稻条病是一种病毒性病害,对粳稻造成广泛危害。粳稻)。水稻条纹病毒(RSV)生物测定表明,许多籼稻和粳稻旱稻品种表现出抗性,而粳稻水稻品种则表现出易感。然而,这种亚种依赖性抗性的遗传背景尚不清楚。本文主要研究了位于Stvb位点的水稻条纹抗性基因。将3个抗性等位基因Stvb-i(籼稻)、Stvb(旱稻)和Stvb-o(稻)与敏感等位基因Stvb- j(粳稻)进行比较。抗性基因的表达量高于stvb-j。序列比较发现,抗性和易感等位基因的5′端序列和第4内含子的61bp元件不同。ltr -反转录转座子的插入改变了stvb-j的外显子1序列。然后,我们根据基因结构信息和抗性和易感品种的基因分型开发了四种DNA标记。ltr -反转录转座子插入仅在易感品种中检测到。抗性基因型主要在籼稻和旱稻中发现,而水稻粳则携带敏感基因型。我们的研究结果表征了水稻对RSV抗性和易感性的遗传差异,并为DNA标记在水稻条纹病管理中的应用提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
The induced mutant allele flo4-303 confers floury characteristics on the japonica rice cultivar 'Hoshinoko'. 诱变等位基因flo4-303使粳稻品种星野子具有面粉性状。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22059
Shuichi Matsuba, Wakako Maruyama-Funatsuki, Takayuki Umemoto, Hideki Kato, Makoto Kuroki, Narifumi Yokogami, Tomohito Ikegaya, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Norio Iriki

Rice flour is useful as a substitute for wheat flour, however, to obtain fine flour, millers need special milling facilities, which increase the cost of milling. To reduce the milling cost, we developed a floury mutant line by irradiating gamma-rays to dry seeds of the japonica cultivar 'Hoshinoyume'. The line was registered as a new cultivar, 'Hoshinoko'. Genetical analysis of the floury trait was conducted using an F2 population derived from a cross between 'Hoshinoko' and 'Corbetti' (a japonica rice cultivar with normal endosperm), which indicated the involvement of a single recessive gene located near the RM163 marker on the long arm of rice chromosome 5, flanking flo4 identified by Kang et al. (2005). Sequence analysis of flo4 showed a two-bp (CA) insertion in the eighth exon of in 'Hoshinoko' compared to that of 'Hoshinoyume', which led to a frameshift mutation. The CAPS-based genotype of flo4 gene completely correlated to the phenotype of endosperm in two populations. This CAPS marker could be helpful for rice breeders to develop new cultivars harboring floury endosperm of the flo4-303 gene.

米粉作为小麦粉的替代品是有用的,然而,为了获得细粉,磨坊需要特殊的碾磨设备,这增加了碾磨的成本。为了降低碾磨成本,我们利用伽玛射线辐照粳稻‘星之玉’的干种子,开发了一种面粉突变系。该品系被注册为新品种“星野子”。利用“星野子”(Hoshinoko)和“Corbetti”(一种具有正常胚乳的粳稻品种)杂交的F2群体对面粉性状进行了遗传分析,结果表明,Kang等人(2005)发现,位于水稻5号染色体长臂RM163标记附近的单隐性基因参与了面粉性状的遗传分析。序列分析显示,与“Hoshinoyume”相比,“Hoshinoko”的第8外显子插入了2 bp (CA),这导致了移码突变。在两个种群中,flo4基因的caps基因型与胚乳表型完全相关。该CAPS标记可为水稻育种者培育含有fl4 -303基因的花粉胚乳新品种提供参考。
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引用次数: 2
Allelic variations of Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 genes in Japanese wheat varieties reveal the genotype-environment interaction for heading time. 日本小麦品种中 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变异揭示了打顶时间的基因型与环境之间的相互作用。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22017
Nobuyuki Mizuno, Hitoshi Matsunaka, Mikiko Yanaka, Masaru Nakata, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Akiko Nakamaru, Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe, Goro Ishikawa, Makiko Chono, Koichi Hatta, Masaya Fujita, Fuminori Kobayashi

The timing of heading is largely affected by environmental conditions. In wheat, Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 have been identified as the major genes involved in vernalization requirement and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively. To compare the effects of Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles on heading time under different environments, we genotyped Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 homoeologues and measured the heading time at Morioka, Tsukuba and Chikugo in Japan for two growing seasons. A total of 128 Japanese and six foreign varieties, classified into four populations based on the 519 genome-wide SNPs, were used for analysis. Varieties with the spring alleles (Vrn-D1a or Vrn-D1b) at the Vrn-D1 locus and insensitive allele (Hapl-I) at the Ppd-D1 locus were found in earlier heading varieties. The effects of Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1 on heading time were stronger than those of the other Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 homoeologues. Analysis of variance revealed that heading time was significantly affected by the genotype-environment interactions. Some Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles conferred earlier or later heading in specific environments, indicating that the effect of both alleles on the timing of heading depends on the environment. Information on Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 alleles, together with heading time in various environments, provide useful information for wheat breeding.

打顶时间在很大程度上受环境条件的影响。在小麦中,Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 已被确定为分别参与春化要求和光周期敏感性的主要基因。为了比较 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 等位基因在不同环境下对打顶时间的影响,我们对 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 同源物进行了基因分型,并在日本盛冈、筑波和筑后进行了两个生长季的打顶时间测定。根据 519 个全基因组 SNPs,我们将 128 个日本品种和 6 个外国品种分为 4 个群体进行分析。在早熟品种中发现了在 Vrn-D1 基因座上具有春季等位基因(Vrn-D1a 或 Vrn-D1b)和在 Ppd-D1 基因座上具有不敏感等位基因(Hapl-I)的品种。Vrn-D1 和 Ppd-D1 对打顶时间的影响强于其他 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 同源物。方差分析显示,打顶时间受基因型-环境交互作用的影响很大。一些 Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 等位基因在特定环境下会使打顶时间提前或推迟,这表明这两个等位基因对打顶时间的影响取决于环境。Vrn-1和Ppd-1等位基因的信息以及不同环境下的打顶时间为小麦育种提供了有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Two dominant genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) complementarily encode perfect resistance to Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. 大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)的两个显性基因互补编码了对日本土传小麦花叶病毒的完全抗性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22046
Kaori Okada, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Shuichi Fukuoka, Youko Oono, Kohei Mishina, Tetsuo Oikawa, Kazuhiro Sato, Tsuneo Kato, Takao Komatsuda, Kiyoshi Namai

Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (Furovirus) is a damaging pathogen of wheat and barley. This virus can survive in the soil for several decades, so the deployment of resistant cultivars represents the only practical control measure. Here, a genetic analysis has identified two regions of the barley genome-one on chromosome 2H and the other on chromosome 3H-as harboring gene(s) encoding resistance to this virus. The joint presence of both loci, termed Jmv1 and Jmv2, made the plants essentially immune, with resistance being dominant over susceptibility at each locus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus is not closely related to the type Furovirus species Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. There was a difference between the RNA1- and RNA2-based phylogenies of the virus species in Furovirus implying the independent segregation of the virus subgenomes.

日本土传小麦花叶病毒是一种危害小麦和大麦的病原菌。这种病毒可以在土壤中存活几十年,因此部署抗病品种是唯一可行的控制措施。在这里,一项遗传分析已经确定了大麦基因组的两个区域——一个在染色体2H上,另一个在染色体3h上——含有编码抵抗这种病毒的基因。这两个基因座的共同存在,称为Jmv1和Jmv2,使植物基本上具有免疫力,抗性在每个基因座上都占主导地位。系统发育分析表明,该病毒与糠状病毒型种土传小麦花叶病毒亲缘关系不密切。在Furovirus中,基于RNA1和rna2的病毒种系统发育存在差异,这意味着病毒亚基因组的独立分离。
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引用次数: 2
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Breeding Science
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