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Genomic markers analysis associated with resistance to Alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler-tomato pathotype, Solanum lycopersicum L. 茄疫病(Solanum lycopersicum L.)抗性的基因组标记分析。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22003
Giti Alizadeh-Moghaddam, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Zahra Rezayatmand, Mahdi Khozaei

Alternaria alternata, the causal pathogen of early blight (EB) disease, is one of the most important diseases in tomato, and other solanaceae family. We analyzed 35 tomato genotypes for quantitative/qualitative traits and biomass growth parameters, as well as the extent and structure of genetic variation associated with EB resistance. Phenotypic comparisons displayed significant differences in leaf blade width (24.95%), stem thickness (30.28%), foliage density (18.88%), and plant size (18.89%), with significant positive correlations with EB resistance (0.18-0.75). Correlation analysis showed that mature fruit size, thickness of fruit pericarp, and leaf type were significantly and negatively correlated with EB resistance (up to -0.41). The susceptible tomato seedlings represented significant reductions in biomass parameters. According to ISSR analysis, the highest resolving power (≥0.79) and heterozygosity (≥0.24) values revealed the presence of high genetic variability among the tomato genotypes. Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis assembled the genotypes into 4 (best ΔK = 4) genetic groups. Combined phenotypic and molecular markers proved to be significantly useful for genetic diversity assessment associated with EB disease resistance.

互交疫病(Alternaria alternata)是引起番茄早疫病(EB)的主要病原菌,是番茄等茄科植物的重要病害之一。分析了35个番茄基因型的数量/质量性状和生物量生长参数,以及与EB抗性相关的遗传变异程度和结构。表型比较显示,叶片宽度(24.95%)、茎粗(30.28%)、叶密度(18.88%)和植株大小(18.89%)差异显著,且与EB抗性呈显著正相关(0.18 ~ 0.75)。相关分析表明,成熟果实大小、果皮厚度和叶型与EB抗性呈显著负相关(最高达-0.41)。感病番茄幼苗生物量参数显著降低。ISSR分析显示,最高分辨率(≥0.79)和杂合度(≥0.24)表明番茄基因型间存在较高的遗传变异性。基于贝叶斯模型的结构分析将基因型分为4个(最佳ΔK = 4)遗传群。表型和分子联合标记被证明对与EB病抗性相关的遗传多样性评估非常有用。
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引用次数: 4
Colletotrichum orbiculare strains distributed in Japan: race identification and evaluation of virulence to cucurbits. 分布于日本的圆形炭疽病菌:小种鉴定及对葫芦的毒力评价。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22011
Hiroki Matsuo, Yasuhiro Ishiga, Yasuyuki Kubo, Yosuke Yoshioka

The pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare is causal fungus of cucurbit anthracnose. Multiple races have been identified in the United States, suggesting that it is necessary to cultivate suitable resistant cultivars and breed new cultivars with the most suitable resistance gene. This study examined the pathogenicity and virulence of 20 strains in Japan to clarify the existence of races and virulence differences. Based on the symptoms on inoculated cotyledons and true leaves of watermelon, we could evaluate the compatibility of each strain to each host cultivar. Our analysis based on the reaction to the host cultivar harboring the resistance gene Ar-1 (Cla001017) revealed the existence of three races in Japan. An alarming result was that a race that overcame Ar-1, which is a target gene in current watermelon breeding in Japan, is present in Japan. The cucumber and melon host cultivars showed diverse symptoms, whereas a squash cultivar was resistant to all strains. Three strains caused severe damage even to the most resistant cucumber cultivar 'Ban Kyuri' and resistant cultivars harboring Cssgr, a well-known gene conferring loss-of-susceptibility resistance. Screening genetic resources for novel resistance genes using strains with high virulence is of vital importance for watermelon, cucumber, and melon production.

葫芦丝炭疽病菌是引起葫芦丝炭疽病的病原菌。在美国已经发现了多个品种,这表明有必要培育合适的抗性品种,并培育具有最合适抗性基因的新品种。本研究检测了日本20株菌株的致病性和毒力,以澄清种族的存在和毒力差异。根据西瓜接种子叶和真叶的症状,可以评价各菌株与各寄主品种的亲和性。通过对携带Ar-1抗性基因的寄主品种(cl001017)的反应分析,发现在日本存在3个小种。一个令人担忧的结果是,日本出现了一种克服Ar-1基因的品种,Ar-1基因是目前日本西瓜育种的目标基因。黄瓜和甜瓜宿主品种表现出不同的症状,而南瓜品种对所有菌株都具有抗性。三种菌株甚至对最具抗性的黄瓜品种“Ban Kyuri”和含有Cssgr的抗性品种造成了严重损害,Cssgr是一种众所周知的具有丧失敏感性抗性的基因。利用高毒力菌株筛选新抗性基因的遗传资源对西瓜、黄瓜和甜瓜生产具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
Wheat yellow mosaic virus resistant line, 'Kitami-94', developed by introgression of two resistance genes from the cultivar 'Madsen'. 小麦黄花叶病毒抗性品系‘Kitami-94’是通过从品种‘Madsen’中引入两个抗性基因而获得的。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21101
Takako Suzuki, Yasuhiro Yoshimura, Shizen Ohnishi, Hironobu Jinno, Tatsuya Sonoda, Masashi Kasuya, Chihiro Souma, Tetsuya Inoue, Masatomo Kurushima, Akira Sugawara, Shinji Maeno, Takao Komatsuda

'Kitahonami' is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that has high yield, good agronomic performance and good quality characteristics. It currently accounts for 73% of the wheat cultivation area of Hokkaido the northern island in Japan and 42% of Japan's overall wheat cultivation. However, this cultivar is susceptible to Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). WYMV has become widespread recently, with serious virus damage reported in Tokachi and Ohotsuku districts, which are the main wheat production areas in Hokkaido. Here, we report a new wheat breeding line 'Kitami-94', which was developed over four years by repeated backcrossing with 'Kitahonami' using DNA markers for WYMV resistance linked to the Qym1 and Qym2 from 'Madsen'. Basic maps of Qym1 and Qym2 were created and used to confirm that 'Kitami-94' reliably carried the two resistance genes. 'Kitami-94' demonstrated WYMV resistance, and had agronomic traits and quality equivalent to 'Kitahonami' except for higher polyphenol oxidase activity and lower thousand grain weight. 'Kitami-94' may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of WYMV resistance in the background of 'Kitahonami', and for developing new cultivars.

北川是一种高产、农艺性能好、品质优良的软红冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种。它目前占日本北海道小麦种植面积的73%,占日本整体小麦种植面积的42%。但该品种对小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)易感。WYMV最近已广泛传播,据报道,北海道主要小麦产区德胜区和大需区遭受了严重的病毒损害。在这里,我们报道了一种新的小麦育种品系‘Kitami-94’,该品系是利用与‘Madsen’的Qym1和Qym2相关的抗WYMV DNA标记,通过与‘Kitahonami’重复回交,在四年多的时间里培育出来的。建立了Qym1和Qym2的基本图谱,证实了‘Kitami-94’确实携带了这两个抗性基因。‘Kitahonami -94’对WYMV具有抗性,除多酚氧化酶活性较高、千粒重较低外,其他农艺性状和品质与‘Kitahonami’相当。‘Kitahonami -94’对阐明‘Kitahonami’对WYMV的抗性机制和培育新品种具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of dwarfing allele sd1-d originating from 'Dee-geo-woo-gen' and its tall alleles SD1-in and SD1-ja on morphological characteristics concerning dry-matter production and photosynthesis on the genetic background of indica-rice IR36. 源自“dee -geo- wood -gen”的矮化等位基因sd1-d及其高等位基因SD1-in和SD1-ja对籼稻IR36干物质生产和光合形态特征的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22016
Misa Kamimukai, Birendra Bahadur Rana, Mukunda Bhattarai, Masayuki Murai

sd1-d has been utilized to develop short-culmed indica varieties adaptable to higher fertilizer-applications. Its tall alleles SD1-in and SD1-ja are harbored in indica and japonica subspecies, respectively. SD1-in possesses a higher effect on elongating culm than SD1-ja. The sd1-d of indica IR36 was substituted with SD1-in or SD1-ja through recurrent backcrossing with IR36, and two tall isogenic lines ("5867-36" and "Koshi-36") were developed. IR36, 5867-36 and Koshi-36 were grown in a paddy field, and the effects of sd1-d, SD1-in and SD1-ja on morphological characteristics concerning dry-matter production and photosynthesis were compared mutually. sd1-d diminished dry weight of total brown rice/m2 and total dry matter weights, but enhanced harvest indexes, compared with SD1-in. In IR36, shorter lengths of the first (flag) to third leaves, and more panicle-bearing stems, caused by sd1-d, compared with SD1-in-carrying 5867-36, and erect first leaves, not caused by sd1-d, could construct the canopy structure appropriate for obtaining a high rate of photosynthesis at an optimum LAI. Koshi-36 could be used for a mid-mother line to develop indica varieties adaptable to middle and low fertilizer-applications, due to higher effect of SD1-ja on yielding ability, compared with that of sd1-d, no breaking-type lodging, and resistances to diseases and pests.

利用Sd1-d培育适应高施肥量的短茎籼稻品种。其高等位基因SD1-in和SD1-ja分别存在于籼稻和粳稻亚种中。SD1-in对茎秆的伸长作用高于SD1-ja。通过与IR36的反复回交,将籼稻IR36的sd1-d替换为SD1-in或SD1-ja,获得了两个高等基因系“5867-36”和“Koshi-36”。以IR36、5867-36和Koshi-36为试验材料,比较了sd1-d、SD1-in和SD1-ja对水稻干物质生产和光合作用形态特征的影响。与SD1-in相比,sd1-d降低了糙米总干重/m2和总干物质质量,但提高了收获指数。在IR36中,与携带sd1- In的5867-36相比,sd1-d导致的第一(旗)叶至第三叶长度缩短,茎长多穗,而不是sd1-d导致的第一叶直立,可以构建适合于在最佳LAI下获得高光合速率的冠层结构。由于SD1-ja对产量的影响高于sd1-d,且无断裂型倒伏,对病虫害有较强的抗性,可作为中母系培育适应中、低施肥的籼稻品种。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity of Na+ allocation in salt-tolerant species of the genus Vigna. 耐盐油菜品种Na+分配的多样性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22012
Yusaku Noda, Ryohei Sugita, Atsushi Hirose, Naoki Kawachi, Keitaro Tanoi, Jun Furukawa, Ken Naito

Wild species in the genus Vigna are a great resource of tolerance to various stresses including salinity. We have previously screened the genetic resources of the genus Vigna and identified several accessions that have independently evolved salt tolerance. However, many aspects of such tolerance have remained unknown. Thus, we used autoradiography with radioactive sodium (22Na+) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to visualize and compare Na+ allocation in Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi (azuki bean), Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. and Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr.. The results indicated: 1) Tolerant accessions suppress Na+ accumulation compared to azuki bean. 2) V. nakashimae and V. marina does so by accumulating higher amount of K+, whereas V. riukiuensis and V. luteola does so by other mechanisms. 3) V. luteola avoids salt-shedding by allocating excess Na+ to newly expanded leaves. As the mechanisms of the tolerant species were different, they could be piled up in a single crop via classical breeding or by genetic engineering or genome editing.

野生种是一种很好的耐各种胁迫的资源,包括盐度。我们之前已经筛选了Vigna属的遗传资源,并鉴定了几个独立进化出耐盐性的材料。然而,这种耐受性的许多方面仍然未知。因此,我们使用放射性钠(22Na+)放射自显影技术和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)来观察和比较角凤尾(Vigna angularis)的Na+分配。Ohwi & H.Ohashi(红豆),Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, Vigna luteola (Jacq)Benth。和Vigna marina (Burm)。稳定. .结果表明:1)与红豆相比,耐盐品种能抑制Na+积累。2)中岛弧菌和滨海弧菌通过积累较多的K+来达到这一目的,而柳基乌弧菌和luteola弧菌通过其他机制达到这一目的。3)紫菜通过将多余的Na+分配给新展开的叶片来避免盐的脱落。由于耐受性物种的机制不同,可以通过传统育种或基因工程或基因组编辑将它们堆积在一种作物中。
{"title":"Diversity of Na<sup>+</sup> allocation in salt-tolerant species of the genus <i>Vigna</i>.","authors":"Yusaku Noda,&nbsp;Ryohei Sugita,&nbsp;Atsushi Hirose,&nbsp;Naoki Kawachi,&nbsp;Keitaro Tanoi,&nbsp;Jun Furukawa,&nbsp;Ken Naito","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.22012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.22012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild species in the genus <i>Vigna</i> are a great resource of tolerance to various stresses including salinity. We have previously screened the genetic resources of the genus <i>Vigna</i> and identified several accessions that have independently evolved salt tolerance. However, many aspects of such tolerance have remained unknown. Thus, we used autoradiography with radioactive sodium (<sup>22</sup>Na<sup>+</sup>) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to visualize and compare Na<sup>+</sup> allocation in <i>Vigna angularis</i> (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi (azuki bean), <i>Vigna nakashimae</i> (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, <i>Vigna riukiuensis</i> (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, <i>Vigna luteola</i> (Jacq.) Benth. and <i>Vigna marina</i> (Burm.) Merr.. The results indicated: 1) Tolerant accessions suppress Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation compared to azuki bean. 2) <i>V. nakashimae</i> and <i>V. marina</i> does so by accumulating higher amount of K<sup>+</sup>, whereas <i>V. riukiuensis</i> and <i>V. luteola</i> does so by other mechanisms. 3) <i>V. luteola</i> avoids salt-shedding by allocating excess Na<sup>+</sup> to newly expanded leaves. As the mechanisms of the tolerant species were different, they could be piled up in a single crop <i>via</i> classical breeding or by genetic engineering or genome editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9868329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10677658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Developing core marker sets for effective genomic-assisted selection in wheat and barley breeding programs. 开发小麦和大麦育种计划中有效的基因组辅助选择的核心标记集。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22004
Goro Ishikawa, Hiroaki Sakai, Nobuyuki Mizuno, Elena Solovieva, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Kazuki Matsubara

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are widely cultivated temperate crops. In breeding programs with these crops in Japan, effective genomic-assisted selection was performed by selecting core marker sets from thousands of genome-wide amplicon sequencing markers. The core sets consist of 768 and 960 markers for barley and wheat, respectively. These markers are distributed evenly across the genomes and effectively detect widely distributed polymorphisms in the chromosomes. The core set utility was assessed using 1,032 barley and 1,798 wheat accessions across the country. Minor allele frequency and chromosomal distributions showed that the core sets could effectively capture polymorphisms across the entire genome, indicating that the core sets are applicable to highly-related advanced breeding materials. Using the core sets, we also assessed the trait value predictability. As observed via fivefold cross-validation, the prediction accuracies of six barley traits ranged from 0.56-0.74 and 0.62 on average, and the corresponding values for eight wheat traits ranged from 0.44-0.83 and 0.65 on average. These data indicate that the established core marker sets enable breeding processes to be accelerated in a cost-effective manner and provide a strong foundation for further research on genomic selection in crops.

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)是广泛种植的温带作物。在日本的这些作物育种项目中,通过从数千个全基因组扩增子测序标记中选择核心标记集,进行了有效的基因组辅助选择。大麦和小麦的核心组分别由768个和960个标记组成。这些标记在整个基因组中均匀分布,可以有效地检测染色体中广泛分布的多态性。核心集效用是用全国1032个大麦和1798个小麦来评估的。较小的等位基因频率和染色体分布表明,该核心集可以有效捕获整个基因组的多态性,表明该核心集适用于高度相关的高级育种材料。利用核心集,我们还评估了特质价值的可预测性。通过5倍交叉验证,6个大麦性状的预测精度平均为0.56 ~ 0.74和0.62,8个小麦性状的预测精度平均为0.44 ~ 0.83和0.65。这些数据表明,已建立的核心标记集能够以经济有效的方式加快育种过程,并为进一步研究作物基因组选择提供坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 1
Identification of a unique allele in the quantitative trait locus for crown root number in japonica rice from Japan using genome-wide association studies. 利用全基因组关联研究鉴定日本粳稻冠根数数量性状位点上的一个独特等位基因。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22010
Shota Teramoto, Masanori Yamasaki, Yusaku Uga

To explore the genetic resources that could be utilized to help improve root system architecture phenotypes in rice (Oryza sativa), we have conducted genome-wide association studies to investigate maximum root length and crown root number in 135 10-day-old Japanese rice accessions grown hydroponically. We identified a quantitative trait locus for crown root number at approximately 32.7 Mbp on chromosome 4 and designated it qNCR1 (quantitative trait locus for Number of Crown Root 1). A linkage disequilibrium map around qNCR1 suggested that three candidate genes are involved in crown root number: a cullin (LOC_Os04g55030), a gibberellin 20 oxidase 8 (LOC_Os04g55070), and a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (LOC_Os04g55080). The combination of haplotypes for each gene was designated as a haploblock, and haploblocks 1, 2, and 3 were defined. Compared to haploblock 1, the accessions with haploblocks 2 and 3 had fewer crown roots; approximately 5% and 10% reductions in 10-day-old plants and 15% and 25% reductions in 42-day-old plants, respectively. A Japanese leading variety Koshihikari and its progenies harbored haploblock 3. Their crown root number could potentially be improved using haploblocks 1 and 2.

为了探索可以用于改善水稻根系结构表型的遗传资源,我们对135个水培10日龄日本水稻材料进行了全基因组关联研究,研究了最大根长和冠根数。我们在4号染色体上发现了一个约32.7 Mbp的冠根数数量性状位点,并将其命名为qNCR1(冠根数1的数量性状位点)。qNCR1周围的连锁不平衡图谱表明,三个候选基因参与了冠根数的控制:cullin (LOC_Os04g55030)、赤霉素20氧化酶8 (LOC_Os04g55070)和环核苷酸门控制离子通道(LOC_Os04g55080)。每个基因的单倍型组合被指定为一个单倍体,并定义了单倍体1、2和3。与单倍体块1相比,单倍体块2和3的冠根较少;10天大的植物分别减少约5%和10%,42天大的植物分别减少15%和25%。日本主要品种光光及其后代携带单倍体3。利用单倍体1和单倍体2可以提高冠根数。
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引用次数: 1
A large deletion within intron 20 sequence of single-copy PolA1 gene as a useful marker for the speciation in Oryza AA-genome species. 单拷贝PolA1基因内含子20序列的大缺失作为水稻aa基因组物种物种形成的有用标记。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21075
Aung Htut Htet, So Makabe, Hiroko Takahashi, Poku Aduse Samuel, Yo-Ichiro Sato, Ikuo Nakamura

Oryza AA-genome complex comprises five wild species, O. rufipogon, O. barthii, O. longistaminata, O. glumaepatula, and O. meridionalis. Evolutionary relationships among these five wild species have remained contentious and inconclusive. We found that intron 20 of PolA1, a single-copy nuclear gene, was short (S-type: 141-142 bp) in O. rufipogon, O. barthii, and O. glumaepatula, while long (L-type: ca. 1.5 kb) introns were apparent in O. longistaminata and O. meridionalis. Because Oryza species containing BB, CC, EE, FF, and GG genome showed L-type introns, the S-type intron was probably derived from the L-type intron by the deletion of a 1.4 kb fragment through intramolecular homologous recombination between two tandem TTTTGC repeats. Excluding the large deletion sequence, intron 20 sequence of O. barthii was identical to that of O. longistaminata. As more than 3,470 accessions of O. rufipogon and O. sativa also contained the same intron 20 sequence with O. longistaminata except for single T-nucleotide deletion, which was shared with O. glumaepatuala, the deletion of the T-nucleotide probably occurred in the L-type intron 20 of O. logistaminata. Deletions of a large 1.4 kb fragment and single T-nucleotide within the intron 20 of PolA1 gene were considered as useful DNA markers to study the evolutionary relationships among Oryza AA-genome species.

Oryza aa基因组复合体包括5个野生物种:O. rufipogon、O. barthii、O. longistaminata、O. glumaepatula和O. meridionalis。这五种野生物种之间的进化关系一直存在争议和不确定性。结果表明,单拷贝核基因PolA1的内含子20在O. rufipogon、O. barthii和O. glumaepatula中较短(s型:141 ~ 142 bp),而在O. longistaminata和O. meridionalis中较长(l型:约1.5 kb)。由于含有BB, CC, EE, FF和GG基因组的Oryza物种显示l型内含子,因此s型内含子可能是通过两个串联TTTTGC重复序列之间的分子内同源重组缺失1.4 kb片段而来源于l型内含子。除大缺失序列外,O. barthii内含子20序列与O. longistaminata完全相同。由于除单个t核苷酸缺失外,有3470多份褐花蓟马和黄花蓟马含有与长叶蓟马相同的内含子20序列,因此t核苷酸的缺失可能发生在长叶蓟马的l型内含子20上。PolA1基因内含子20中1.4 kb的大片段缺失和单个t核苷酸缺失被认为是研究水稻aa基因组种间进化关系的有用DNA标记。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of resistance to Fusarium head blight and molecular cytogenetics of interspecific derivatives between wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica. 小麦与花沙棘豆种间衍生物的抗枯萎病鉴定及分子细胞遗传学。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21089
Chenchen Hou, Jing Han, Liangliang Zhang, Qiang Geng, Li Zhao, Shuhui Liu, Qunhui Yang, Xinhong Chen, Jun Wu

Psathyrostachys huashanica is a relative of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with many disease resistance genes that can be used to improve wheat disease resistance. In order to enrich the germplasm resources available in wheat genetics and breeding, we assessed Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in 45 interspecific derivatives between wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica during two years from 2017-2018. Two interspecific derivatives comprising, H-34-8-2-6-1 and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 were identified as FHB resistant lines. These two lines were examined based on their morphology and cytogenetics, as well as by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and 660K genotyping array to determine their genetic construction. The results confirmed H-34-8-2-6-1 as a wheat-P. huashanica 1Ns long arm ditelosomic addition line and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 as a wheat-P. huashanica 2Ns substitution line. Assessments of the agronomic traits showed that H-34-8-2-6 had significantly higher kernel number per spike and self-fertility rate than parent 7182. In addition, compared with 7182, H-24-3-1-5-19-1 had a much lower plant height while the other agronomic traits were relatively similar. The two new lines are valuable germplasm materials for breeding FHB resistance in wheat.

华山拟小麦是小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的亲缘植物,具有许多抗病基因,可用于提高小麦的抗病性。为了丰富小麦遗传育种的种质资源,在2017-2018年2年间,对45个小麦与花沙刺槐种间衍生物的赤霉病抗性进行了研究。两个种间衍生物h -34-8-2- 1和H-24-3-1-5-19-1被鉴定为FHB抗性品系。利用基因组原位杂交(GISH)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、分子标记和660K基因分型阵列对这两个品系进行形态学和细胞遗传学分析,确定其遗传结构。结果证实h -34-8-2- 1 -1为小麦- p。华山芥1Ns长臂二染色体附加系与H-24-3-1-5-19-1作为小麦杂种。华山卡2Ns代换系。农艺性状评价表明,H-34-8-2-6的穗粒数和自育率显著高于亲本7182。与7182相比,H-24-3-1-5-19-1株高较低,其他农艺性状基本一致。这两个新品系为小麦抗赤霉病育种提供了宝贵的种质材料。
{"title":"Identification of resistance to <i>Fusarium</i> head blight and molecular cytogenetics of interspecific derivatives between wheat and <i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i>.","authors":"Chenchen Hou,&nbsp;Jing Han,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhang,&nbsp;Qiang Geng,&nbsp;Li Zhao,&nbsp;Shuhui Liu,&nbsp;Qunhui Yang,&nbsp;Xinhong Chen,&nbsp;Jun Wu","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i> is a relative of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) with many disease resistance genes that can be used to improve wheat disease resistance. In order to enrich the germplasm resources available in wheat genetics and breeding, we assessed <i>Fusarium</i> head blight (FHB) resistance in 45 interspecific derivatives between wheat and <i>Psathyrostachys huashanica</i> during two years from 2017-2018. Two interspecific derivatives comprising, H-34-8-2-6-1 and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 were identified as FHB resistant lines. These two lines were examined based on their morphology and cytogenetics, as well as by genomic <i>in situ</i> hybridization (GISH), fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and 660K genotyping array to determine their genetic construction. The results confirmed H-34-8-2-6-1 as a wheat-<i>P. huashanica</i> 1Ns long arm ditelosomic addition line and H-24-3-1-5-19-1 as a wheat-<i>P. huashanica</i> 2Ns substitution line. Assessments of the agronomic traits showed that H-34-8-2-6 had significantly higher kernel number per spike and self-fertility rate than parent 7182. In addition, compared with 7182, H-24-3-1-5-19-1 had a much lower plant height while the other agronomic traits were relatively similar. The two new lines are valuable germplasm materials for breeding FHB resistance in wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic variation and genetic control of intraspikelet differences in grain weight and seed dormancy in wild and domesticated emmer wheats. 野生小麦和驯化小麦小穗内粒重和种子休眠差异的遗传变异及遗传控制。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21060
Shoji Ohta

Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natural habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F1 hybrids, F2 populations, and F3-F6 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F2 populations, the intraspikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F5 and F6 generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.

种子休眠是野生植物适应其自然栖息地不可预测的环境的重要策略,在驯化过程中从谷物中消失了。在野生二粒小麦中观察到小穗内籽粒大小和种子休眠的差异。为阐明这些小穗内差异的遗传变异并确定其遗传控制机制,对67个野生和82个驯化二粒小麦材料,以及杂种F1、F2群体和驯化系正交的F3-F6群体的粒重比(第一小花/第二小花)、发芽率和萌发指数进行了分析。野生材料中只有二粒小穗第一小花的籽粒存在不同程度的休眠,GI值在0 ~ 1之间,与GWR呈正相关。这表明野生二聚体种群包含不同程度休眠的基因型,包括非休眠基因型。根据在F2群体中观察到的分离情况,小穗内粒重差异由两个独立遗传位点控制。此外,在第5代和第6代,可以选择GI值低或高的低gwr群体,这表明与休眠相关的主要位点可能与小穗内粒重差无关。
{"title":"Genetic variation and genetic control of intraspikelet differences in grain weight and seed dormancy in wild and domesticated emmer wheats.","authors":"Shoji Ohta","doi":"10.1270/jsbbs.21060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natural habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, F<sub>2</sub> populations, and F<sub>3</sub>-F<sub>6</sub> populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F<sub>2</sub> populations, the intraspikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F<sub>5</sub> and F<sub>6</sub> generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.</p>","PeriodicalId":9258,"journal":{"name":"Breeding Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40488227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Breeding Science
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