Building and Environment最新文献_第5页

Novel full-size portable respiratory droplet sampler for quantification of virus release characteristics 新型全尺寸便携式呼吸道飞沫取样器，用于定量病毒释放特性

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114263

Yuchen Shi , Yanwan Shangguan , Kaijin Xu , Silan Gu , Zhigang Wu , Yanni Ma , Xianghong Liu , Jianjian Wei

Viral loads of different-sized droplets are fundamental for accurately assessing transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in indoor environments. However, current sampling techniques lack experimental data on exhaled droplets larger than 10 μm, posing a significant challenge in identifying the dominant transmission routes and preparing for the potential emergence of ‘Disease X’. This study developed a novel sampler based on the aerodynamic characteristics of respiratory droplets, including gravitational deposition and inertial impaction, to characterize viral loads in full-size-range respiratory droplets. The sampler components were designed and optimized through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and their performance was evaluated using inert particle aerosols, demonstrating effective collection of respiratory droplets across five size ranges: 1–2.5 μm, 2.5–5 μm, 5–10 μm, 10–50 μm, and >50 μm. The sampler achieved over 84% collection efficiency for droplets larger than 50 μm, with minimal loss (<15%) for droplets smaller than 10 μm, and consistent performance (fluctuations <15%) across various respiratory conditions. In clinical validation, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in respiratory droplets from 4 out of 5 COVID-19 patients, ranging from nondetectable to 9.11 (>50 μm), 8.17 (10–50 μm), 4.95 (5–10 μm) and 5.91 (1–5 μm) log₁₀ RNA copies per 15-min sampling, respectively. These findings offer a systematic quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral distribution at the source, across the full-size-range of respiratory droplets, providing previously lacking data. This novel sampler enables comprehensive source characterization and supports effective non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for infection control.

不同大小飞沫的病毒载量是准确评估室内环境中呼吸道传染病传播风险的基础。然而，目前的采样技术缺乏大于10 μm的呼出液滴的实验数据，这对确定主要传播途径和为可能出现的“X病”做准备构成了重大挑战。本研究基于呼吸道飞沫的空气动力学特性，包括重力沉积和惯性撞击，开发了一种新型采样器，以表征全尺寸范围呼吸道飞沫中的病毒载量。通过计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟对采样器组件进行了设计和优化，并使用惰性颗粒气溶胶对其性能进行了评估，证明了在1-2.5 μm、2.5-5 μm、5-10 μm、10-50 μm和>；50 μm五个尺寸范围内的呼吸液滴的有效收集。对于大于50 μm的液滴，采样器的收集效率超过84%，对于小于10 μm的液滴，采样器的损失最小（15%），并且在各种呼吸条件下性能保持一致（波动<；15%）。在临床验证中，5例COVID-19患者中有4例在呼吸道飞沫中检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA，范围从不可检测到9.11 （>50 μm）、8.17 （10-50 μm）、4.95 （5 - 10 μm）和5.91 (1-5 μm) log10 RNA拷贝/ 15 min。这些发现提供了一个系统的量化SARS-CoV-2病毒在源头的分布，在整个呼吸道飞沫的大小范围内，提供了以前缺乏的数据。这种新颖的采样器能够全面表征源，并支持有效的非药物干预策略，以控制感染。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal and architectural drivers of microbial and potential pathogen communities in dormitories 宿舍中微生物和潜在病原体群落的季节和建筑驱动因素

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114257

Junming Ye , Hafiz Adeel Ahmad , Zhengyu Chen , Dehong Chen , Yiqi Tao , Jiang Wu , Lei Su , Bo Yang , Tang Liu

The indoor microbiome significantly influences resident health, particularly in densely populated environments like student dormitories. These settings are influenced by both architectural design and seasonal variations, both of which subsequently affect the dynamics of microbial communities and the occurrence of potential pathogens. However, little is known about how architectural features influence dormitory microorganisms across different seasons in hot-humid climates. In this study, 96 samples were collected from dormitories in Shenzhen with varying architectural characteristics across both dry and wet seasons. 16S rRNA sequencing identified 14,156 high-quality amplicon sequence variants. Dormitories, incorporating commercial shops on the first floor, enhanced human activity and external microbial input, exhibited higher Shannon diversity and richness. Conversely, reduced openness and living spaces were correlated with a higher abundance of potential pathogens. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling indicated microbial dynamics were jointly driven by seasons and architecture, with Procrustes analysis showing strong congruence between pathogenic and total microbial communities. Structural equation modeling indicated that design factors and seasonal changes jointly regulated potential pathogenic abundance. During the dry season, dormitory openness (DO) and sunshade construction length mainly affected the pathogen via illuminance. In the wet season, DO and per capita living area significantly impacted pathogens by affecting relative humidity. Null and neutral models showed stochastic processes dominated microbial assembly, especially among pathogens. Modularity analyses revealed stronger clustering within pathogenic bacteria promoting persistence and spread. Pathogen variation was greater across architectural features than between seasons. Overall, architectural design critically shaped indoor microbiomes and potential health risks, underscoring its role in developing healthier building strategies.

室内微生物组显著影响居民健康，特别是在学生宿舍等人口密集的环境中。这些环境受到建筑设计和季节变化的影响，这两者随后都会影响微生物群落的动态和潜在病原体的发生。然而，在湿热气候下，建筑特征对宿舍微生物在不同季节的影响却知之甚少。在本研究中，从深圳的宿舍中收集了96个样本，这些样本在干湿季节具有不同的建筑特征。16S rRNA测序鉴定出14156个高质量扩增子序列变体。宿舍楼一楼设有商业商店，人类活动和外部微生物输入增强，Shannon多样性和丰富度更高。相反，减少开放和生活空间与潜在病原体的高丰度相关。非度量多维尺度表明，季节和建筑共同驱动微生物动态，Procrustes分析显示病原微生物群落和总微生物群落之间具有很强的一致性。结构方程模型表明，设计因素和季节变化共同调控潜在致病性丰度。在旱季，宿舍开放度和遮阳结构长度主要通过照度影响病原菌。在雨季，DO和人均居住面积通过影响相对湿度显著影响病原菌。零和中性模型显示随机过程主导微生物组装，特别是在病原体中。模块化分析显示，病原菌内部的聚类更强，促进了持久性和传播。病原菌在不同建筑特征间的变异大于季节间的变异。总体而言，建筑设计至关重要地塑造了室内微生物群和潜在的健康风险，强调了其在制定更健康的建筑策略中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating near-wall contaminant exposure in industrial plants via local swirling-flow ventilation system 通过局部旋流通风系统减轻工业厂房近壁污染物暴露

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114261

Yifan An, Yonggang Lei, Baocun Du, Chongfang Song, Wuxuan Pan

Vortex-flow ventilation systems have demonstrated substantial potential for contaminant control and energy efficiency in industrial environments. However, their performance deteriorates when addressing near-wall contaminant sources, which restricts wider applications. To overcome this limitation, a novel local swirling-flow (LSF) ventilation system was developed and evaluated. The system was evaluated through a 1:50 scale model experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Key geometric and operational parameters—including the rectangular cylinder (bluff body) width and offset, exhaust outlet position, and airflow rate—were systematically investigated using dimensionless analysis and orthogonal testing. The swirl strength criterion was employed to accurately identify vortex regions, ensuring reliable assessment of vortex stability and contaminant capture. Results indicate that the rectangular cylinder width, lateral offset, and exhaust outlet location are the dominant factors controlling the effective contaminant capture area (A_eff). Optimal performance is achieved with a non-dimensional cylinder offset of 0.5 and the exhaust outlet adjacent to the narrow-side supply jet. Reduced cylinder thickness enhances vortex formation and stability, while airflow rate exhibits a non-monotonic effect: moderate increases improve A_eff, whereas excessive airflow rate can destabilize the columnar swirling-flow and facilitate contminant escape. These findings not only provide practical design guidelines for near-wall contaminant control but also demonstrate the methodological and application novelty of the LSF ventilation system, extending the applicability of vortex-based ventilation in industrial workshops.

涡流通风系统在工业环境中的污染物控制和能源效率方面已经证明了巨大的潜力。然而，当处理近壁污染源时，它们的性能会下降，这限制了它们的广泛应用。为了克服这一限制，开发并评估了一种新型的局部旋流通风系统。通过1:50比例模型实验和三维数值模拟对该系统进行了评价。关键的几何和操作参数，包括矩形圆柱（钝体）的宽度和偏移量，排气口的位置，以及气流速率，系统地研究了无因次分析和正交试验。采用涡流强度准则准确识别涡流区域，保证了涡流稳定性和污染物捕获的可靠评估。结果表明，矩形柱体宽度、横向偏移量和排气口位置是控制有效污染物捕获面积（Aeff）的主要因素。最佳性能是实现无量纲圆柱偏移0.5和排气口相邻的窄侧供应射流。减小柱体厚度有利于涡流的形成和稳定，而气流速率表现出非单调效应：适度增大可改善Aeff，而过大的气流速率会破坏柱状旋流的稳定性，有利于污染物的逸出。这些发现不仅为近壁污染物控制提供了实用的设计指南，而且还展示了LSF通风系统的方法和应用新颖性，扩展了涡流通风在工业车间的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Ten questions concerning Large Language Models (LLMs) for building applications 关于构建应用程序的大型语言模型（llm）的十个问题

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114260

Nan Ma , Rania Labib , Robert Amor , Adrian Chong , Cheng Fan , Kasimir Forth , Xiaoqin Fu , Stefan Fuchs , Tianzhen Hong , Nina Klimenkova , Jabeom Koo , Shundong Li , Steven Tanner McCullough , June Young Park , Roee Shraga , Sungmin Yoon , Liang Zhang , Yiting Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful AI tools capable of transforming how building information is collected, processed, analyzed, and applied across diverse research areas. Their capabilities can help building operators, facility managers and other stakeholders such as designers, architects and engineers by providing actionable insights for decision-making across planning, construction, operations, and maintenance of buildings and facilities. This paper explores ten key questions concerning the role of LLMs in shaping sustainable, intelligent, and human-centric buildings. From fundamental definitions to advanced applications, we examine how LLMs facilitate decision-making across the life cycle of buildings and energy systems. LLMs can enhance life cycle assessments (LCA), building energy simulations, and real-time data integration, empowering more efficient and adaptive human-AI environments. They can also contribute to streamlining regulatory compliance, improving post-occupancy evaluations, and fostering more inclusive and participatory design processes. Additionally, this paper addresses the ethical challenges posed by LLMs, such as bias, data privacy, and environmental impacts, and explores their potentials in advancing intelligent digital twins (DT) for ongoing building operations and maintenance. Built upon our applied research using LLMs and the review of tools, datasets, and research gaps, we provide a forward-looking perspective on how LLMs can drive innovation, collaboration, and productivity in the built environment while supporting ethical and effective implementation.

大型语言模型（llm）正在成为强大的人工智能工具，能够改变建筑信息在不同研究领域的收集、处理、分析和应用方式。他们的能力可以帮助建筑运营商、设施管理者和其他利益相关者，如设计师、建筑师和工程师，为建筑和设施的规划、建设、运营和维护决策提供可操作的见解。本文探讨了法学硕士在塑造可持续、智能和以人为中心的建筑中的作用的十个关键问题。从基本定义到高级应用，我们研究法学硕士如何促进整个建筑和能源系统生命周期的决策。法学硕士可以增强生命周期评估（LCA）、建筑能源模拟和实时数据集成，从而实现更高效和自适应的人类-人工智能环境。它们还有助于简化法规遵从，改善入住后评估，促进更具包容性和参与性的设计过程。此外，本文还探讨了法学硕士带来的伦理挑战，如偏见、数据隐私和环境影响，并探讨了法学硕士在推进智能数字孪生（DT）进行建筑运营和维护方面的潜力。基于我们使用法学硕士的应用研究以及对工具，数据集和研究差距的审查，我们提供了一个前瞻性的视角，说明法学硕士如何在建筑环境中推动创新，协作和生产力，同时支持道德和有效的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Dimensionless design rule for size-independent domains in 2D CFD simulations of nanofiber filter pressure drop 纳米纤维过滤器压降二维CFD模拟中尺寸无关域的无因次设计准则

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114258

Taehyun Choi , Jae Hee Jung , Dahun Jeong , Sunguk Shin , Gwangok Choi , Ki Joon Heo

While 2D computational modeling can be an effective tool for predicting the pressure drop in nanofiber air filters, its accuracy depends heavily on the size and configuration of the simulation domain. Despite the widespread use of 2D modeling, generalized guidelines for constructing size-independent domains that consider the randomness of fibers remain lacking. Herein, we propose a dimensionless design rule for establishing size-independent domains to simulate 2D nanofiber filter models, with the fiber diameter as a reference parameter. A comprehensive computational analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of domain thickness, packing density, and number of fibers on the predicted pressure drop. The results reveal the existence of a minimum dimensionless domain height (

H_{m}^{*}

) for ensuring statistically independent simulation outcomes. Over the investigated dimensionless domain thickness (L*) range of 15

\leq

L*

\leq

400,

H_{m}^{*}

is inversely proportional to both the L* and the packing density of the filter (α), i.e.,

H_{m}^{*} = \frac{749.2}{α} {(L^{*})}^{- 0.744}

. This correlation constitutes a unified and scalable design rule applicable to a wide range of nanofiber filter configurations. The proposed methodology provides a practical framework for constructing size-independent 2D simulation domains, thereby improving the reliability of CFD-based pressure drop predictions and facilitating their broader application in research on fibrous media.

虽然二维计算模型是预测纳米纤维空气过滤器压降的有效工具，但其准确性在很大程度上取决于模拟域的大小和结构。尽管二维建模被广泛使用，但构建考虑纤维随机性的尺寸无关域的通用指南仍然缺乏。本文以纳米纤维直径为参考参数，提出了一种建立尺寸无关域的无量纲设计规则来模拟二维纳米纤维滤波器模型。综合计算分析了区域厚度、填充密度和纤维数量对预测压降的影响。结果表明，存在一个最小的无量纲域高度（Hm*），以确保统计独立的模拟结果。在15≤L*≤400的无因次域厚度（L*）范围内，Hm*与滤波器的L*和填料密度（α）成反比，即Hm*=749.2α(L*)−0.744。这种相关性构成了一个统一的、可扩展的设计规则，适用于广泛的纳米纤维过滤器配置。所提出的方法为构建与尺寸无关的二维模拟域提供了实用框架，从而提高了基于cfd的压降预测的可靠性，并促进了其在纤维介质研究中的更广泛应用。

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引用次数: 0

Soundscapes in home environments: The impact of home types and soundscapes on the recovery benefits of psychophysiological stress 家庭环境中的声景：家庭类型和声景对心理生理应激恢复效益的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114234

Chengmin Zhou , Mizhi Feng , Xuechen Zhang , Jake Kaner

Rapid urbanization has placed individuals under sustained high-stress loads, underscoring the urgent need for effective restorative environmental interventions. Using a 3

\times

3 factorial experimental design, this study systematically examines how three types of soundscapes (natural, music, urban) and three types of home environments (functional-efficiency, aesthetic-display, and comfort-relaxation) influence stress recovery, and further explores the moderating role of gender. We assessed recovery using physiological indicators, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA), along with subjective rating scales, to evaluate the joint effects of sound–home interactions on both physiological and psychological restoration. The results show: (1) both natural soundscapes and music soundscapes significantly increased

α

,

γ

, and

θ

wave power, reduced

β

wave power, improved heart rate variability (HRV) indices, and enhanced perceived restoration, whereas urban soundscapes produced predominantly adverse effects; (2) home type modulated recovery, with the relaxation-oriented home most effectively buffering the adverse impact of urban soundscapes, the aesthetic-oriented home supporting stronger positive arousal under natural soundscapes, and the functional-oriented home showing the weakest restorative profile overall; (3) gender differences emerged in several physiological measures, with female participants responding more favorably to natural and music soundscapes, whereas male participants displayed a more context-dependent dual pattern of “recovery vs. arousal” across different home environments. These findings reveal the multidimensional mechanisms by which soundscapes and home environments jointly shape stress recovery and highlight the applied value of beneficial soundscapes (natural and musical) for indoor restorative design in everyday living spaces.

快速城市化使个人承受持续的高压力负荷，强调迫切需要有效的恢复性环境干预措施。本研究采用3×3因子实验设计，系统考察了三种类型的声景（自然、音乐、城市）和三种类型的家庭环境（功能效率、美学展示和舒适放松）对压力恢复的影响，并进一步探讨了性别的调节作用。我们使用生理指标来评估恢复情况，包括脑电图（EEG）、心电图（ECG）和皮电活动（EDA），以及主观评定量表，以评估声音-家庭相互作用对生理和心理恢复的联合作用。结果表明：(1)自然声景和音乐声景均能显著提高α、γ和θ波能，降低β波能，提高心率变异性指数，增强感知恢复能力，而城市声景的负面效应明显；(2)家庭类型的调节性恢复，放松型家庭最有效地缓冲了城市声景观的负面影响，审美型家庭在自然声景观下支持更强的正性唤醒，而功能型家庭总体上表现出最弱的恢复特征；(3)生理指标存在性别差异，女性参与者对自然和音乐声景的反应更积极，而男性参与者在不同的家庭环境中表现出更依赖于情境的“恢复与觉醒”双重模式。这些发现揭示了声景观和家庭环境共同塑造压力恢复的多维机制，并突出了有益的声景观（自然和音乐）在日常生活空间室内恢复性设计中的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of pollutant re-introduction through ventilation openings into a building: A benchmark based on wind-tunnel experiments 污染物通过通风孔重新引入建筑物的量化：基于风洞实验的基准

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114262

Romain Guichard , Anjali Krishnan Radhakrishnan Jayakumari , Stefanie Gillmeier , Ali Bahloul

In occupational risk prevention, collective protection measures based on ventilation to reduce exposure to chemical hazards generally consist of containing a pollutant at its source, capturing it, and releasing it outdoors, after purification when it is applicable. However, unfiltered pollutants that are released can be re-introduced through ventilation air intakes or windows of the same building or neighbouring buildings, depending on wind conditions. Predicting the amount of pollutant re-introduced remains very challenging while essential to implement appropriate risk control measures. In this context, an experimental benchmark has been designed to quantify the dispersion and re-introduction of a pollutant in a reduced-scale building model. It accounts for the wind flow around the building, the building mechanical ventilation system, the emission and tracking of a tracer gas in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel (ABLWT). In addition to measurements of tracer gas concentration in the ventilation exhaust duct for 13 wind directions (0, 15, 30, 45, 50, 60, 75, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315°) and 3 wind speeds (6.4, 9.0 and 11.1 m/s at the building model height), a mapping of the concentration inside and outside the building at the ventilation air intakes is provided for the worst-case scenario of wind conditions. This experimental data is crucial for validating, under controlled conditions, pollutant dispersion models for both outdoor and indoor environments in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework, as well as for assessing ventilation network simulations using zonal or nodal approaches.

在职业风险预防中，以通风为基础的减少化学危害暴露的集体保护措施通常包括在污染源处控制污染物，捕获污染物，并在适当情况下经净化后释放到室外。然而，释放的未经过滤的污染物可能会根据风力情况，通过同一建筑物或邻近建筑物的通风进风口或窗户重新引入。预测重新引入的污染物数量仍然非常具有挑战性，但对实施适当的风险控制措施至关重要。在这种情况下，设计了一个实验基准来量化在缩小规模的建筑模型中污染物的扩散和重新引入。它描述了建筑物周围的风流、建筑物机械通风系统、大气边界层风洞中示踪气体的排放和跟踪。除了测量13个风向（0、15、30、45、50、60、75、90、135、180、225、270和315°）和3种风速（建筑模型高度6.4、9.0和11.1 m/s）下通风排风管中的示踪气体浓度外，还提供了最坏情况下通风进风口建筑物内外的浓度图。这些实验数据对于在受控条件下验证计算流体动力学（CFD）框架下室外和室内环境的污染物扩散模型，以及使用区域或节点方法评估通风网络模拟至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Climate-resilient passive cooling optimization framework: Multi-dimensional trade-offs in hot semi-arid residential buildings 气候适应性被动式制冷优化框架：炎热半干旱居住建筑的多维权衡

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114230

Hisham Sharif Bala , Baizhan Li , Chenqiu Du , Danjuma Abdu Yusuf , Shafi’u Adamu

Global cooling demand is anticipated to increase thrice by 2050, particularly in hot semi-arid regions facing significant thermal stress, where mechanical cooling utilizes 125-180 kWh/m²/year, accounting for 60-75% of building energy use. This research establishes a climate-resilient optimization framework that combines multi-objective optimization with climate projections to assess passive cooling efficacy under current and projected scenarios in Northwestern Nigeria. A NSGA-II-TOPSIS framework, featuring a comprehensive Climate Resilience Index (CRI), was validated via field monitoring of six residential buildings during the hot dry season (February-May 2023). The methodology integrates multi-objective optimization with downscaled CMIP6 estimates for Representative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Energy Plus modelling attained calibration in accordance with ASHRAE requirements (NMBE ±5%, R² > 0.92). Optimized passive cooling solutions resulted in a 47-63% reduction in energy consumption and a 68.2% decrease in thermal discomfort hours. Peak temperature decreases of 3.8-4.5°C were observed, with comfort hours increasing from 15-20% to 78-82%. The CRI (0.65-0.89) signifies a 15-30% decline in performance by 2040, with passive systems sustaining adequate performance until 2040 under RCP4.5, but necessitating hybrid solutions by 2035 under RCP8.5. Grid-scale analysis indicates peak demand savings of 2.0-2.5 kW per building, resulting in 380-750 MW of avoided capacity. The framework demonstrates that climate-responsive passive cooling can function as the principal thermal management strategy in hot semi-arid environments until 2040, enhancing building science methodologies and facilitating climate-adaptive solutions.

预计到2050年，全球制冷需求将增加三倍，特别是在面临显著热应力的炎热半干旱地区，机械制冷每年使用125-180千瓦时/平方米，占建筑能耗的60-75%。本研究建立了一个气候适应性优化框架，将多目标优化与气候预测相结合，以评估尼日利亚西北部当前和预测情景下的被动制冷效果。通过在干热季节（2023年2月至5月）对六栋住宅建筑的现场监测，验证了具有综合气候恢复指数（CRI）的NSGA-II-TOPSIS框架。该方法将多目标优化与代表性浓度路径RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景的缩小CMIP6估计相结合。Energy Plus模型达到了ASHRAE要求的校准（NMBE±5%,R²> 0.92）。优化的被动冷却解决方案使能耗降低了47-63%，热不适时间减少了68.2%。峰值温度下降3.8-4.5°C，舒适时间从15-20%增加到78-82%。CRI（0.65-0.89）表明，到2040年，被动系统的性能将下降15-30%，在RCP4.5下，被动系统将保持足够的性能，但到2035年，在RCP8.5下，混合动力解决方案将成为必要。电网规模分析表明，每栋建筑的峰值需求节省2.0-2.5千瓦，从而避免380-750兆瓦的容量。该框架表明，到2040年，气候响应型被动冷却可以作为炎热半干旱环境的主要热管理策略，增强建筑科学方法并促进气候适应性解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing displacement ventilation in hospital wards during heating: Impact of local exhausts and airflow control elements 医院病房采暖时加强置换通风：局部排气和气流控制元件的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114253

Shaoyu Sheng , Toshio Yamanaka , Tomohiro Kobayashi

Achieving displacement ventilation (DV) during winter remains challenging, as buoyant supply air and cold drafts can disrupt the stratification essential for DV. Our previous work introduced an induction air-supply unit (IU) that premixes conditioned and indoor air, improving DV thermal comfort in summer and increasing fresh air delivery to the occupied zone in winter. Nevertheless, under heating conditions, the air supply to the occupied zone remained insufficient, and perimeter cold drafts continued to draw contaminants downward. Although a perimeter partition helped weaken pollutant transport and guide the air supply, overall ventilation efficiency remained constrained. This study investigates the combined use of local exhausts and passive airflow-control elements—including cubicle curtains, perimeter partitions, and ceiling hoods—to further improve winter DV performance. Full-scale experiments in a four-bed ward equipped with IUs and ceiling-mounted local exhausts were complemented by CFD simulations evaluating exhaust placement and flow-rate balance. Integrating local exhausts with cubicle curtains substantially enhanced ventilation effectiveness compared with a central exhaust, reducing normalized breathing-zone pollutant concentrations by more than 50 % (to ∼0.3) for perimeter patients, with the most favorable condition (below 0.1) observed for interior-bed emissions under ceiling-mounted curtains. Wall-adjacent exhausts provided more efficient capture, and overall performance depended on pollutant source location and exhaust flow distribution. As the culminating stage of our IU optimization research, this study demonstrates that practical passive airflow-control layouts, when combined with local exhausts, can achieve near-optimal winter ventilation without additional mechanical systems, effectively addressing the long-standing winter performance limitations of IUs and DV in hospital wards.

在冬季实现置换通风（DV）仍然具有挑战性，因为浮力供应空气和冷气流会破坏对DV至关重要的分层。我们之前的工作介绍了一种感应送风装置（IU），它将调节空气和室内空气预混在一起，在夏季提高DV的热舒适性，在冬季增加向占用区输送的新鲜空气。然而，在加热条件下，被占领区的空气供应仍然不足，周围的冷气流继续向下吸入污染物。尽管周界隔断有助于减弱污染物的输送和引导空气供应，但整体通风效率仍然受到限制。本研究调查了局部排气和被动气流控制元素的结合使用，包括隔间窗帘、周长隔板和天花板罩，以进一步改善冬季DV性能。在配备IUs和天花板安装的局部排气装置的四床病房中进行了全尺寸实验，并辅以CFD模拟来评估排气放置和流量平衡。与中央排气相比，将局部排气与隔间窗帘相结合大大提高了通风效率，将周边患者的标准化呼吸区污染物浓度降低了50%以上（至~ 0.3），在天花板安装窗帘的室内床排放中观察到最有利的条件（低于0.1）。靠近壁面的排气提供了更有效的捕获，总体性能取决于污染源位置和排气流分布。作为我们IU优化研究的最终阶段，本研究表明，实用的被动气流控制布局，当与局部排气相结合时，可以在没有额外机械系统的情况下实现接近最佳的冬季通风，有效地解决了医院病房IU和DV长期存在的冬季性能限制。

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引用次数: 0

Minimal modification to displacement ventilation for significant improvement through air redistribution 对置换通风进行最小程度的修改，通过空气再分配实现显著改善

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114254

Zi Cheng , Jingkai Wang , Zhenying Zhang , Hao Simone Wang , Yibin Lu , Zekai Mu , Jian Liu , Zhang Lin

Due to its excellent performance in energy efficiency and air quality, displacement ventilation has become a standard in many existing buildings. However, traditional solutions of ventilation system replacement for improving its performance are often difficult to implement due to high costs and invasive construction work. This study aims to propose and validate a non-invasive retrofit concept of air redistribution to address this issue. Specifically, an integrated ventilation and air purification system is introduced and validated to overcome the limitation. By designing the airflow patterns of the integrated system, this approach not only enhances indoor environmental quality but also reduces energy consumption. Full-scale experiments are conducted, and computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to provide further insight into airflow patterns. The findings indicate that the retrofit provides a thermal environment approaching thermal neutrality while reducing vertical temperature difference to a negligible degree. The retrofit decreases the mean air age at the breathing zone by 14%. Furthermore, the retrofit enhances the energy utilisation coefficient by 15%. The air redistribution concept proposed in this study provides a novel theoretical framework and technical approach for upgrading existing ventilation systems under strict structural constraints.

由于其在能源效率和空气质量方面的优异性能，置换通风已成为许多现有建筑的标准。然而，传统的更换通风系统以提高其性能的解决方案往往难以实施，因为其成本高且施工过程具有侵入性。本研究旨在提出并验证一种非侵入性的空气再分配改造概念来解决这一问题。具体来说，介绍并验证了一种集成通风和空气净化系统来克服限制。通过设计集成系统的气流模式，既提高了室内环境质量，又降低了能耗。进行了全尺寸实验，并进行了计算流体动力学模拟，以进一步了解气流模式。研究结果表明，改造提供了一个接近热中性的热环境，同时将垂直温差降低到可以忽略不计的程度。改造后，呼吸区的平均空气龄降低了14%。此外，改造后的能源利用系数提高了15%。本研究提出的空气再分配概念为在严格的结构约束下升级现有通风系统提供了新的理论框架和技术方法。

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引用次数: 0