Building and Environment最新文献_第5页

Investigation of the sound insulation and natural ventilation performance of a metamaterial-based open window 超材料开窗的隔音和自然通风性能研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112140

Recent advancements in metamaterials have created new opportunities to enhance indoor environmental quality (IEQ) by integrating natural ventilation and sound insulation in architectural designs. Metamaterial-based windows can facilitate natural ventilation, contributing to energy savings while also protecting against outdoor noise. However, international standards for assessing façade sound insulation typically assume all partitions are closed, with only the Danish standard DS 447:2021 accounting for partially open conventional windows. These standards do not address simultaneous noise mitigation and natural ventilation. To fill this gap, this study evaluated a prototype metamaterial-based device called the Acoustic Metawindow (AMW) unit using three experimental methods. These methods included the diffuse field method (ISO 10140 series), an adapted directive sound field method (EN 1793-6), and beamforming to control sound leakages from the AMW unit in both closed and open states. Additionally, the study used an adapted ISO 9972 method to assess the ventilation potential alongside sound insulation of the open AMW unit. The findings revealed that the AMW unit significantly outperformed equivalently open windows, achieving a sound level difference (D_n,e) improvement of 5–15 dB in the 500–5000 Hz frequency range, resulting in a total D_n,e,w of 30 dB. The study also indicated a correlation between the frequency range of effective sound insulation and the metamaterial design features of the AMW unit. This research suggests the possibility of a more inclusive standard that considers partially open sound-insulating devices as windows in the built environment, combining noise mitigation and energy saving.

超材料技术的最新进展为在建筑设计中融入自然通风和隔音功能，从而提高室内环境质量（IEQ）创造了新的机遇。基于超材料的窗户可以促进自然通风，有助于节约能源，同时还能抵御室外噪音。然而，评估外墙隔音效果的国际标准通常假定所有隔墙都是封闭的，只有丹麦标准 DS 447:2021 考虑到了部分打开的传统窗户。这些标准并未涉及同时降低噪音和自然通风的问题。为了填补这一空白，本研究采用三种实验方法对一种名为 "声学元窗（AMW）"的超材料装置原型进行了评估。这些方法包括扩散声场法（ISO 10140 系列）、改编指令声场法（EN 1793-6）和波束成形法，以控制 AMW 装置在关闭和打开状态下的声音泄漏。此外，该研究还采用了经改编的 ISO 9972 方法来评估开放式 AMW 设备的通风潜力和隔音效果。研究结果表明，AMW 装置的性能明显优于等效的开放式窗户，在 500-5000 Hz 频率范围内的声级差（Dn,e）提高了 5-15 dB，总 Dn,e,w 提高了 30 dB。研究还表明，有效隔音的频率范围与 AMW 装置的超材料设计特征之间存在相关性。这项研究表明，有可能制定一个更具包容性的标准，将部分开放的隔音装置视为建筑环境中的窗户，将噪声缓解与节能相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Proposing design strategies for contemporary courtyards based on thermal comfort in cold and semi-arid climate zones 根据寒冷和半干旱气候区的热舒适度，提出现代庭院的设计策略

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112150

The relationship between urban geometry and microclimate is crucial in urban planning and climatology, significantly affecting outdoor comfort and energy consumption. Compact, dense buildings provide shading in summer, while openness is preferred in winter to maximize sunlight access. Courtyards, as climate-responsive structures, can create localized microclimates tailored to specific climatic conditions. Various components, including geometry, openness, orientation, wall materials, and green cover, influence the microclimate within a courtyard. While previous studies have primarily focused on hot and arid climates, there is a notable research gap concerning the thermal behavior of courtyards in cold and semi-arid regions. This study seeks to fill this gap by evaluating the impact of different courtyard geometries on outdoor thermal comfort specifically in semi-dry and cold climates by exploring optimal configurations for orientation, form, height-to-width ratios, and plan aspect ratios, the research offers strategies that improve both summer and winter microclimates. The study examined the combined effects of geometry and orientation on shading and wind speed in courtyards, modeling their influence on microclimates during warm summers and cold winters using ENVI-met software. Thermal performance indices, specifically PET and UTCI, were employed to assess the courtyards in Tehran. The findings reveal that a height-to-width ratio of 3:1 significantly improves thermal comfort, resulting in a UTCI difference of 19 °C. Furthermore, the model with a 2:1 plan aspect ratio exhibited a UTCI that was 6.7 °C lower than that of the 3:1 ratio. These findings provide valuable insights for designing contemporary courtyards that optimize thermal comfort in similar climates.

城市几何形状与微气候之间的关系在城市规划和气候学中至关重要，对室外舒适度和能源消耗有重大影响。紧凑密集的建筑在夏季可以遮阳，而在冬季则更倾向于开放，以最大限度地获取阳光。庭院作为气候响应结构，可以根据特定的气候条件创造局部微气候。包括几何形状、开敞度、朝向、墙体材料和绿化覆盖在内的各种因素都会影响庭院内的小气候。以往的研究主要集中在炎热和干旱的气候条件下，而对于寒冷和半干旱地区庭院的热行为还存在明显的研究空白。本研究试图填补这一空白，通过评估不同庭院几何形状对室外热舒适度的影响，特别是在半干旱和寒冷气候条件下，探索最佳的朝向、形式、高宽比和平面长宽比配置，提供改善夏季和冬季微气候的策略。该研究考察了几何形状和朝向对庭院遮阳和风速的综合影响，并使用 ENVI-met 软件模拟了它们对夏季和冬季微气候的影响。采用热性能指数，特别是 PET 和 UTCI，对德黑兰的庭院进行了评估。研究结果表明，高宽比为 3:1 的庭院能显著改善热舒适度，使 UTCI 相差 19 °C。此外，平面长宽比为 2:1 的模型的 UTCI 比 3:1 的模型低 6.7 °C。这些发现为在类似气候条件下设计优化热舒适度的现代庭院提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models for sustainable building design: A systematic literature review 基于可持续建筑设计代用模型的多目标优化：系统文献综述

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112147

Surrogate models can overcome the building performance simulation complexity and replace time-consuming simulation engines within multi-objective optimization studies. Although this approach can leverage the development of sustainable building design, just a few studies integrate these concepts collectively. Therefore, this paper explores simulation studies that combine these techniques through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Specifically, this study illustrates the state-of-the-art literature, main challenges, and opportunities regarding multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models. The three significant contributions resulting from this study are: 1) a list of research gaps with issues partially addressed, 2) a framework for future evaluations, and finally, 3) directions for future research in the field. Based on 54 documents analyzed, there are research areas that demand further attention and present opportunities for significant contributions. For instance, there has been limited exploration of data mining and transfer learning techniques, a lack of optimizations considering uncertainty parameters that could enhance the resilience of the projects, and a deficiency in building decarbonization discussions. Furthermore, developing user-friendly tools or web applications could streamline the replication of the optimization approach, thus promoting more sustainable building design. Simultaneously, ethical standards could support a research environment that is transparent, accountable, and trustworthy. Finally, this SLR consolidates previous scientific achievements, acting as a valuable resource to facilitate the adoption of multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models for future researchers, thereby serving as a functional and reference guide and allowing the design of more sustainable buildings.

代用模型可以克服建筑性能模拟的复杂性，并在多目标优化研究中取代耗时的模拟引擎。虽然这种方法可以促进可持续建筑设计的发展，但将这些概念整合在一起的研究却寥寥无几。因此，本文通过系统文献综述（SLR）探讨了结合这些技术的模拟研究。具体来说，本研究阐述了基于代用模型的多目标优化的最新文献、主要挑战和机遇。本研究的三大贡献是1) 列出了部分问题的研究缺口，2) 未来评估框架，最后，3) 该领域未来研究的方向。根据所分析的 54 份文件，有些研究领域需要进一步关注，并有机会做出重大贡献。例如，对数据挖掘和迁移学习技术的探索还很有限，缺乏考虑不确定性参数的优化方法，而这些参数可以提高项目的复原力，在开展去碳化讨论方面也存在不足。此外，开发用户友好型工具或网络应用程序可以简化优化方法的复制，从而促进更可持续的建筑设计。同时，道德标准可以为透明、负责和可信的研究环境提供支持。最后，本 SLR 巩固了以往的科研成果，为未来的研究人员采用基于代用模型的多目标优化方法提供了宝贵的资源，从而为设计更具可持续性的建筑提供了功能和参考指南。

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引用次数: 0

Ventilation strategies for inhalation exposure risk mitigation: Eulerian-Lagrangian LES analysis of particle-laden turbulent flow applying virtual manikins 降低吸入暴露风险的通风策略：应用虚拟人体模型对含有颗粒的湍流进行欧拉-拉格朗日 LES 分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112149

Indoor environmental control has become primordial to minimize inhalation risk of pollutants through the implementation of next-generation ventilation systems. The performance of these ventilation strategies should be evaluated in terms of risk mitigation using a multi-indicator approach to support the realistic outcome of this evaluation. The present study has evaluated five main ventilation strategies (mixing, displacement, underfloor air, impinging jet and stratum ventilation) widely used in current society and four further cases based on occupant position with respect to supply flow. Their performance was assessed through computational fluid dynamics and two interacting virtual manikins with autonomous respiratory functions to calculate age of air, particle dispersion in a room, particles in the local breathing zone, maximum long-term exposure, deposition rate on human tissue and transfer probability. Results showed that well-mixed air in up-supply strategies increase age of air, particle dispersion in the room, transfer probability and deposition in the human body. Down- and mid-supply methods show high local age of air while improving the other indicators but create asymmetric flow in some cases. Overall, displacement ventilation was the optimal solution because it presented the lowest transfer probability although slightly increased age of air. Furthermore, deposited particles were mainly located in the nasal cavity, which might lower adverse health effects.

室内环境控制已成为通过实施新一代通风系统最大限度降低吸入污染物风险的首要任务。应采用多指标方法评估这些通风策略在降低风险方面的性能，以支持这一评估的现实结果。本研究评估了当前社会广泛使用的五种主要通风策略（混合、置换、地板下送风、撞击射流和分层通风），以及基于居住者相对于送风流位置的另外四种情况。通过计算流体动力学和两个具有自主呼吸功能的交互式虚拟人体模型，对它们的性能进行了评估，以计算空气年龄、房间内的颗粒扩散、局部呼吸区的颗粒、最大长期暴露量、人体组织沉积率和转移概率。结果表明，在上送风策略中，混合良好的空气会增加空气年龄、房间内的颗粒扩散、转移概率和在人体中的沉积。下送风和中送风方式在改善其他指标的同时，也显示出较高的局部空气年龄，但在某些情况下会造成不对称流动。总的来说，位移通风是最佳解决方案，因为它虽然略微增加了空气的老化程度，但传输概率最低。此外，沉积颗粒主要位于鼻腔，这可能会降低对健康的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of cough droplets in both static and dynamic indoor environments with different ventilation strategies 采用不同通风策略的静态和动态室内环境中咳嗽飞沫的风险评估

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112139

In real-life scenarios, occupants typically alternate between sitting and walking in a room. The wake induced by human movement affects the local airflow, enhances local mixing effects, and increases airborne propagation laterally and across long distances. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive comparison of the impact of human movement on the dispersion of coughed droplets in an office under four ventilation strategies (i.e. Mixed Ventilation (MV), Displacement Ventilation (DV), Stratum Ventilation (SV) and Stratum Displacement Ventilation (SDV)). The improved Wells-Riley model was used to calculate the risk of infection for susceptible individuals in both static and dynamic indoor environments under different ventilation strategies. The results showed that different ventilation strategies, as well as the presence or absence of human movement, significantly affected the diffusion of droplets. When there was no human movement or human movement occurred close to the air supply, the risk of infection for susceptible individuals was lowest under SDV, 5.03 × 10⁻⁶ and 21.44 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. The risk of infection for susceptible individuals during the infection stage was almost linearly related to exposure time when human beings moved away from the air supply, and all four ventilation methods presented a high risk of infection. The SDV has the best performance, followed by DV, SV, and finally MV for reducing the risk of indoor cross infection. These results can provide a reference for epidemic control in both static and dynamic indoor environments.

在现实生活中，居住者通常会在房间里交替坐着和走动。人体运动引起的尾流会影响局部气流，增强局部混合效应，并增加空气的横向传播和远距离传播。本研究旨在全面比较在四种通风策略（即混合通风 (MV)、置换通风 (DV)、分层通风 (SV) 和分层置换通风 (SDV)）下，人体移动对办公室内咳嗽飞沫扩散的影响。改进后的 Wells-Riley 模型用于计算易感人群在静态和动态室内环境中不同通风策略下的感染风险。结果表明，不同的通风策略以及有无人员流动都会对飞沫的扩散产生显著影响。当没有人体移动或人体移动靠近送风口时，易感人群在 SDV 下的感染风险最低，分别为 5.03 × 10-6 和 21.44 × 10-6。当人体远离送风口时，易感人群在感染阶段的感染风险与暴露时间几乎呈线性关系，四种通风方式的感染风险都很高。在降低室内交叉感染风险方面，SDV 性能最好，其次是 DV、SV，最后是 MV。这些结果可为静态和动态室内环境中的流行病控制提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the role of two-dimensional and three-dimensional urban structures in seasonal surface radiation budget 研究二维和三维城市结构在季节性地表辐射预算中的作用

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112148

Surface net radiation (SNR), a cornerstone in the intricate energy balance of urban climate systems, has garnered significant attention in research. While past endeavors have illuminated the effects of two-dimensional urban configurations on SNR, a conspicuous void persists in elucidating the nuanced interplay between three-dimensional (3D) urban features — encompassing building heights, volumes, and floor area ratios—and their modulation of SNR in urban landscapes. Addressing this gap, our research introduced a bespoke physical inversion approach, refined for high-resolution (30m) seasonal SNR assessment in urban areas, leveraging Landsat 8 imagery and meteorological datasets. We delved deeper into the seasonal dynamics of SNR influenced by 3D urban structures, leveraging the potent XGBoost regression algorithm and SHAP model. Our case study, centered on Beijing's primary urban region, underscores the inversion method's efficacy, with deviations from In-situ measured SNR values amounting to 10.21 W/m² in spring, 8.43 W/m² in summer, 11.55 W/m² in autumn, and 9.14 W/m² in winter. This precision was also reflected in an impressive R² value of 0.81 and a standard deviation of 23.90 W/m² compared with existing literature benchmarks. Seasonally, SNR peaked during summer, averaging 642.12 W/m², followed by spring (590.08 W/m²), autumn (333.75 W/m²), and winter (275.93 W/m²). Water bodies exhibited the highest SNR throughout, peaking at 809.25 W/m² in summer, whereas bare land registered the lowest, averaging 494.58 W/m². Intriguingly, buildings with an average height below 15m significantly mitigated heat gain in summer, while a diverse mix of taller buildings exceeding 23m enhanced energy retention in winter, fostering a warming effect. By uncovering the intricate links between 3D urban structures and SNR, our findings inform strategic interventions that can effectively harness or mitigate SNR, contributing to more resilient and livable cities.

地表净辐射（SNR）是城市气候系统错综复杂的能量平衡的基石，在研究中备受关注。虽然过去的研究已经阐明了二维城市结构对 SNR 的影响，但在阐明三维（3D）城市特征（包括建筑高度、体量和容积率）之间微妙的相互作用及其对城市景观 SNR 的调节作用方面，仍然存在明显的空白。为了填补这一空白，我们的研究引入了一种定制的物理反演方法，利用 Landsat 8 图像和气象数据集，对城市地区的高分辨率（30 米）季节性信噪比评估进行了改进。我们利用强大的 XGBoost 回归算法和 SHAP 模型，深入研究了受三维城市结构影响的信噪比季节动态。我们的案例研究以北京主城区为中心，强调了反演方法的功效，与原位测量 SNR 值的偏差分别为春季 10.21 W/m2、夏季 8.43 W/m2、秋季 11.55 W/m2 和冬季 9.14 W/m2。与现有文献基准相比，R2 值为 0.81，标准偏差为 23.90 W/m2。从季节上看，信噪比在夏季达到峰值，平均为 642.12 W/m2，其次是春季（590.08 W/m2）、秋季（333.75 W/m2）和冬季（275.93 W/m2）。水体的信噪比始终最高，夏季达到 809.25 W/m2 的峰值，而裸露土地的信噪比最低，平均为 494.58 W/m2。耐人寻味的是，平均高度低于 15 米的建筑在夏季明显减缓了热量增加，而超过 23 米的各种高层建筑则在冬季增强了能量保持，促进了气候变暖效应。通过揭示三维城市结构与 SNR 之间错综复杂的联系，我们的研究结果为有效利用或减缓 SNR 的战略干预措施提供了信息，从而有助于建设更具弹性的宜居城市。

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引用次数: 0

Interpretable general thermal comfort model based on physiological data from wearable bio sensors: Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) 基于可穿戴生物传感器生理数据的可解释通用热舒适模型：光梯度增强机（LightGBM）和SHAPLEY Additive exPlanations（SHAP）

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112127

This study aims to develop a general thermal comfort model using physiological signals obtained from wristband-type wearable biosensors. Accordingly, we constructed and evaluated supervised machine learning models by leveraging a diverse array of features extracted from physiological signals, including electrodermal activity (EDA), photoplethysmogram (PPG), and skin temperature (SKT). The model’s performance was evaluated using data collected from 18 subjects across controlled experimental settings. Further, this study employed leave one subject out cross validation (LOSOCV) instead of the traditional k-fold CV to assess the model’s generalizability to new subjects. Furthermore, SHapley Addictive exPlanation (SHAP) was incorporated to augment the interpretability and transparency of the model. The LightGBM model demonstrated a commendable test accuracy of 79.7% in distinguishing thermal preferences, namely, “want warmer,” “comfort,” and “want cooler.” These findings underscore the feasibility of employing wearable biosensors to evaluate occupants’ thermal comfort in real-world environments. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by laying the groundwork for a broadly applicable method of continuous, objective, and noninvasive thermal comfort monitoring among building occupants. Considering previous challenges associated with personalized thermal comfort models due to individual variability, our study represents a pivotal step toward the development of a generalized thermal comfort model.

本研究旨在利用从腕带式可穿戴生物传感器获得的生理信号，开发一种通用的热舒适模型。因此，我们利用从生理信号（包括皮电活动（EDA）、光敏血流图（PPG）和皮肤温度（SKT））中提取的各种特征，构建并评估了有监督的机器学习模型。该模型的性能使用了从 18 个受试者身上收集到的数据进行评估，这些数据来自受控实验环境。此外，这项研究还采用了 "排除一个受试者交叉验证"（LOSOCV）而非传统的 "k-fold CV "来评估模型对新受试者的普适性。此外，还加入了 SHapley Addictive exPlanation (SHAP)，以增强模型的可解释性和透明度。LightGBM 模型在区分热偏好（即 "想要更暖和"、"更舒适 "和 "更凉爽"）方面的测试准确率高达 79.7%，令人称赞。这些发现强调了采用可穿戴生物传感器评估真实环境中居住者热舒适度的可行性。这项研究为广泛应用连续、客观、无创的建筑居住者热舒适度监测方法奠定了基础，是对文献的重大贡献。考虑到以往个性化热舒适度模型因个体差异而面临的挑战，我们的研究为开发通用热舒适度模型迈出了关键一步。

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引用次数: 0

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112138

Within urban boundary layers, the safety of pedestrians is markedly affected by wind speed, particularly in urban areas. The characteristics of turbulence above the canopy layers can lead to unpredictable changes in wind speed at the pedestrian level. Therefore, this study analyzes low-occurrence wind speed phenomena above canopy heights for uniform and nonuniform block configurations using wind tunnel experiments (WTE) to understand the background turbulence characteristics which the wind profile is generated by the boundary layer above the canopy. The urban canopy arrays were reproduced using solid blocks arranged in 30 rows in a streamwise direction with a packing density of 25 % at three different heights. An x-type hot-wire anemometer was used to measure the streamwise and vertical velocity components. The low-occurrence values were classified based on wind speed percentiles of 0.1 %, 1.0 %, 99.0 %, and 99.9 % wind speeds. The results demonstrated that above the canopy, there were minor influences of block height variations on the low occurrence factor. The peak factor demonstrated a comparable value between the uniform and nonuniform cases, regardless of the block arrangement. Statistical models based on the Weibull distribution and Gram–Charlier series demonstrating good agreement with the WTE data in predicting the low occurrence and peak factors. This study found that variations in block height have a minor influence on the low occurrence and peak factors within the turbulent boundary layers, implying that we can separate the effect of background turbulence from the local turbulent generation within the urban canopy layers.

在城市边界层内，行人的安全受到风速的明显影响，特别是在城市地区。顶篷层上方的湍流特性会导致行人层的风速发生不可预测的变化。因此，本研究利用风洞实验（WTE）分析了均匀和非均匀块状配置的顶篷高度上方的低频风速现象，以了解顶篷上方边界层产生风廓线的背景湍流特性。在三个不同的高度上，使用沿流向排列 30 行、堆积密度为 25% 的实心块再现了城市冠层阵列。使用 X 型热线风速计测量流向和垂直速度分量。根据 0.1 %、1.0 %、99.0 % 和 99.9 % 的风速百分位数对低发生值进行了分类。结果表明，在冠层上方，区块高度变化对低发生系数的影响较小。峰值系数在均匀和非均匀情况下显示出相似的值，而与区块排列无关。基于 Weibull 分布和 Gram-Charlier 序列的统计模型在预测低发生率和峰值因子方面与 WTE 数据显示出良好的一致性。这项研究发现，块体高度的变化对湍流边界层内的低发生率和峰值因子影响较小，这意味着我们可以将背景湍流的影响与城市冠层内局部湍流的产生分开。

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引用次数: 0

Research on an adaptive prediction method for restaurant air quality based on occupancy detection 基于占用检测的餐厅空气质量自适应预测方法研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112145

This study evaluates the impact of personnel on air quality in air-conditioned restaurant environments during winter, summer, and transitional seasons, characterized by the peculiarities of personnel movement, high concentration of personnel in a short period of time, poor ventilation and high personnel density, leading to the accumulation of pollutants that can severely damage personnel health. This study examines carbon dioxide (CO₂) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations and proposes an online adaptive model for their prediction.

Environmental influence factors are analyzed through correlations of measured data, and appropriate input parameters (time-lagged cumulative number of people) are selected. The Auto-Regressive with Exogenous Inputs (ARX) model is used to predict the change of air quality with the movement and number of people, compared with classical models (LR, DT, SVM, ENS, GPR, NN, VARX). Results show that the ARX model performs excellently in predicting restaurant environments; the effect of different environmental factors on the predictive effectiveness of the model was also explored. When combined with real-time sensor data and AIC-based adaptive optimization, the prediction accuracy is further improved by more than 25 %. The R² of the ARX model is 0.9549, the MAE is 0.8352 μg/m³ and the MAPE is 3.17 %. The adaptively optimized model can be adapted to different environments, overcoming the problem of poor adaptability of such models. Our results enable effective environmental control strategies in public spaces, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being by reducing health risks associated with indoor air pollution.

本研究评估了人员在冬季、夏季和过渡季节对空调餐厅环境中空气质量的影响，其特点是人员流动性大、短时间内人员高度集中、通风条件差和人员密度高，导致污染物累积，严重损害人员健康。本研究对二氧化碳（CO2）和颗粒物（PM）的浓度进行了研究，并提出了一种在线自适应预测模型。通过测量数据的相关性分析了环境影响因素，并选择了合适的输入参数（时滞累积人数）。与传统模型（LR、DT、SVM、ENS、GPR、NN、VARX）相比，使用外生输入自回归（ARX）模型预测空气质量随人员流动和数量的变化。结果表明，ARX 模型在预测餐厅环境方面表现出色；同时还探讨了不同环境因素对模型预测效果的影响。当与实时传感器数据和基于 AIC 的自适应优化相结合时，预测精度进一步提高了 25% 以上。ARX 模型的 R2 为 0.9549，MAE 为 0.8352 μg/m3，MAPE 为 3.17 %。自适应优化模型可适应不同环境，克服了此类模型适应性差的问题。我们的研究成果有助于在公共场所实施有效的环境控制策略，通过降低与室内空气污染相关的健康风险，为实现可持续发展目标（SDG）3："良好的健康和福祉 "做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Development of operable modular louvers Sited in a single-sided ventilated room through 3D parametric optimization 通过三维参数优化，开发单面通风房间中的可操作模块化百叶窗

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112134

The current design practices of buildings to respond to environmental inputs have led to operable envelopes with external louver blinds systems. The key aspect of any openable louver flap design is to optimize inlets that might induce ventilation for occupants with low indoor airflow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in 3D parametric modeling investigated the influence of openable louver inlet geometries (right trapezoid) and positions in a ventilated room. A single-sided ventilated room designed with two mirrored split blocks of inlets attached to that wall perpendicular to the wind was employed for this study. Twenty-eight different inlet shape geometries with their cross-sectional changes were investigated. In addition, the inlets' rotation, orientation, and elevation differences were also studied. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to measure airflows inside the model room to validate the CFD simulations. A discernible impact was observed when the inclined side of the right trapezoid was oriented upward or downward, where inlet flaps open to the sides of the window. The mean air velocity in the ventilated room becomes more than double when inlet flaps open to the sides of the window, where the elevation difference in the inlet blocks introduces the pressure difference compared to no elevation difference in inlets. This study guides into refining an operable modular louver design to enhance air circulation and natural ventilation in dwelling spaces.

目前的建筑设计习惯是对环境输入做出响应，这就导致了带有外部百叶窗帘系统的可开启围护结构。可开启百叶帘设计的关键是优化进气口，以便为室内气流较低的住户进行通风。三维参数建模中的计算流体动力学（CFD）研究了可开启百叶帘入口几何形状（直角梯形）和位置对通风房间的影响。研究采用了一个单面通风的房间，在垂直于风向的墙壁上设计了两个镜像分块式进气口。研究了 28 种不同的进气口形状及其截面变化。此外，还研究了进气口的旋转、朝向和仰角差异。风洞实验测量了模型室内的气流，以验证 CFD 模拟。当右侧梯形的倾斜面朝上或朝下时，进气口挡板向窗户两侧打开，观察到明显的影响。当进气口挡板向窗户两侧打开时，通风房间内的平均风速会增加一倍以上，与没有进气口高差相比，进气口挡板的高差会带来压力差。这项研究为改进可操作模块化百叶窗设计提供了指导，以加强居住空间的空气流通和自然通风。

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