Building and Environment最新文献_第2页

Soundscapes in home environments: The impact of home types and soundscapes on the recovery benefits of psychophysiological stress 家庭环境中的声景：家庭类型和声景对心理生理应激恢复效益的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114234

Chengmin Zhou , Mizhi Feng , Xuechen Zhang , Jake Kaner

Rapid urbanization has placed individuals under sustained high-stress loads, underscoring the urgent need for effective restorative environmental interventions. Using a 3

\times

3 factorial experimental design, this study systematically examines how three types of soundscapes (natural, music, urban) and three types of home environments (functional-efficiency, aesthetic-display, and comfort-relaxation) influence stress recovery, and further explores the moderating role of gender. We assessed recovery using physiological indicators, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA), along with subjective rating scales, to evaluate the joint effects of sound–home interactions on both physiological and psychological restoration. The results show: (1) both natural soundscapes and music soundscapes significantly increased

α

,

γ

, and

θ

wave power, reduced

β

wave power, improved heart rate variability (HRV) indices, and enhanced perceived restoration, whereas urban soundscapes produced predominantly adverse effects; (2) home type modulated recovery, with the relaxation-oriented home most effectively buffering the adverse impact of urban soundscapes, the aesthetic-oriented home supporting stronger positive arousal under natural soundscapes, and the functional-oriented home showing the weakest restorative profile overall; (3) gender differences emerged in several physiological measures, with female participants responding more favorably to natural and music soundscapes, whereas male participants displayed a more context-dependent dual pattern of “recovery vs. arousal” across different home environments. These findings reveal the multidimensional mechanisms by which soundscapes and home environments jointly shape stress recovery and highlight the applied value of beneficial soundscapes (natural and musical) for indoor restorative design in everyday living spaces.

快速城市化使个人承受持续的高压力负荷，强调迫切需要有效的恢复性环境干预措施。本研究采用3×3因子实验设计，系统考察了三种类型的声景（自然、音乐、城市）和三种类型的家庭环境（功能效率、美学展示和舒适放松）对压力恢复的影响，并进一步探讨了性别的调节作用。我们使用生理指标来评估恢复情况，包括脑电图（EEG）、心电图（ECG）和皮电活动（EDA），以及主观评定量表，以评估声音-家庭相互作用对生理和心理恢复的联合作用。结果表明：(1)自然声景和音乐声景均能显著提高α、γ和θ波能，降低β波能，提高心率变异性指数，增强感知恢复能力，而城市声景的负面效应明显；(2)家庭类型的调节性恢复，放松型家庭最有效地缓冲了城市声景观的负面影响，审美型家庭在自然声景观下支持更强的正性唤醒，而功能型家庭总体上表现出最弱的恢复特征；(3)生理指标存在性别差异，女性参与者对自然和音乐声景的反应更积极，而男性参与者在不同的家庭环境中表现出更依赖于情境的“恢复与觉醒”双重模式。这些发现揭示了声景观和家庭环境共同塑造压力恢复的多维机制，并突出了有益的声景观（自然和音乐）在日常生活空间室内恢复性设计中的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

From greenwashing to grounded practice: A context-specific biophilic design framework for hot arid climates 从绿化到接地气的实践：炎热干旱气候下的特定环境亲生物设计框架

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114295

Bekir Huseyin Tekin

The accelerating impacts of climate change demand design frameworks that reduce environmental burdens while enhancing human well-being. Although biophilic design is increasingly recognised as a regenerative paradigm, its direct application in hot-arid regions remains limited and often unsuitably adapted from temperate contexts, resulting in “greenwashing” and ecological imbalance. As arid regions continue to expand, the need for climate-adaptive design in these contexts is increasingly urgent. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, this study synthesises a systematic review of six high-quality papers and in-depth interviews with five regional experts to develop a conceptual framework for biophilic design in desert environments. The findings show that temperate biophilia, largely aesthetic and visual, fails under arid conditions. The framework defines two interlinked dimensions of success: the human response (thermal comfort, well-being, and cultural resonance) and the ecological response (resource efficiency and habitat creation). It identifies passive design, water neutrality, native flora, and privacy-sensitive spatial configurations as prerequisites for restorative biophilic environments. Key strategies include hybrid ventilation, adaptive shading hierarchies, kinetic façades, reuse of traditional materials, and multi-scalar microclimates that mitigate urban heat. Acting as a complementary conceptual layer to regional sustainability standards (e.g., Al Sa’fat, GSAS, Mostadam, Estidama), the framework positions biophilic design as a climate-adaptive, ecologically grounded, and culturally embedded methodology. This work provides a conceptual foundation for policymakers and designers seeking integrated strategies that align climate mitigation with human adaptation in the rapidly expanding climatic zone.

气候变化的加速影响要求设计框架在减少环境负担的同时提高人类福祉。尽管亲生物设计越来越被认为是一种再生模式，但其在炎热干旱地区的直接应用仍然有限，而且往往不适合温带环境，导致“绿色清洗”和生态失衡。随着干旱地区的不断扩大，在这些情况下对气候适应性设计的需求日益迫切。本研究采用探索性顺序混合方法设计，综合了六篇高质量论文的系统综述，并与五位地区专家进行了深入访谈，以开发沙漠环境中亲生物设计的概念框架。研究结果表明，在干旱条件下，温带的亲生物性，主要是审美和视觉上的，失败了。该框架定义了成功的两个相互关联的维度：人类反应（热舒适、幸福感和文化共鸣）和生态反应（资源效率和栖息地创造）。它确定了被动设计、水中性、本地植物群和隐私敏感的空间配置，作为恢复亲生物环境的先决条件。关键策略包括混合通风、自适应遮阳层次、动态立面、传统材料的再利用以及缓解城市热量的多尺度微气候。作为区域可持续性标准（如Al Sa 'fat、GSAS、Mostadam、Estidama）的补充概念层，该框架将亲生物设计定位为一种气候适应、生态基础和文化嵌入的方法。这项工作为决策者和设计者寻求在迅速扩大的气候带中使气候减缓与人类适应相结合的综合战略提供了概念基础。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance PAN/LiCl nanofiber membranes for respiratory protection against coal mine dust: Experimental validation and numerical simulation 高性能PAN/LiCl纳米纤维膜对煤矿粉尘呼吸防护的实验验证与数值模拟

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114299

Wen Nie , Meiyang Liao , Huitian Peng , Lidian Guo , Yunshuo Shi , Jinkun Zhang , Heng Liu , Mingyuan Lu , Yuhang Li , Xingchao Cha , Yanmei Zhao , Yunfei Nie

Coal dust exposure in mining environments constitutes a severe occupational hazard, necessitating advanced respiratory protection that ensures safety without compromising wearer comfort. To address the persistent trade-off between filtration efficiency and pressure drop, this study presents a high-performance lithium chloride (LiCl)-regulated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane designed for capturing respirable coal dust. The incorporation of LiCl significantly refined the fiber diameter and optimized the pore structure to an average size of 0.49 µm, creating a dense yet permeable network. Adopting a synergistic approach that combines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with experimental testing, we elucidated the filtration mechanisms across various particle regimes. Under a flow rate of 32 L/min, the optimized membrane (12PAN-1) exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a filtration efficiency of 99.54% for 0.3 µm dust aerosols with a low pressure drop of 142.8 Pa. This balance resulted in a superior quality factor of 0.039 Pa⁻¹. Furthermore, numerical models validated the membrane's high capture efficiency for ultrafine coal dust particles (< 0.3 µm), confirming the dominant roles of interception and Brownian diffusion. This work provides a facile strategy for fabricating low-resistance, high-efficiency filter media, offering a significant advancement in occupational safety materials for hazardous particulate matter control.

煤尘暴露在采矿环境中构成严重的职业危害，需要先进的呼吸保护，以确保安全而不影响穿着者的舒适度。为了解决过滤效率和压降之间的长期权衡问题，本研究提出了一种高性能的氯化锂（LiCl）调控聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维膜，用于捕获呼吸性煤尘。LiCl的加入显著改善了纤维直径，并优化了孔隙结构，平均尺寸为0.49µm，形成了致密但可渗透的网络。采用将计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟与实验测试相结合的协同方法，我们阐明了不同颗粒状态下的过滤机制。在流速为32 L/min的条件下，优化后的膜（12PAN-1）对0.3µm粉尘气溶胶的过滤效率达到99.54%，压降为142.8 Pa。这种平衡产生了0.039 Pa⁻¹的优质因子。此外，数值模型验证了膜对超细煤尘颗粒（< 0.3µm）的高捕获效率，证实了拦截和布朗扩散的主导作用。这项工作为制造低阻力、高效率的过滤介质提供了一种简便的策略，为有害颗粒物控制的职业安全材料提供了重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Neighbourhood-scale wind characteristics in a Nanjing heterogeneous residential area: An aerodynamic drag perspective 南京某非均质住区小区尺度风特征：空气动力阻力视角

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114298

Mingjie Zhang , Xin Guo , Jiaying Li , Oliver Carlo , Yuanchang Li , Jianshun Zhang , Zhi Gao , Guohua Ji , Pietro Salizzoni , Riccardo Buccolieri

Characterizing wind drag amidst heterogeneous urban textures and directional effects is a fundamental necessity that provides the basis for urban porous media models. This work investigates a realistic residential district (170 ha; 252 slab-shaped or irregular buildings) in Hexi New Town, Nanjing, China. Computational fluid dynamics simulations across 16 directions are performed utilizing the 3D steady RANS equations. Canopy-averaged velocity, aerodynamic drag, and volumetric drag coefficients (C_d) roses are analyzed for each neighborhood. Equations governing the drag-velocity relationship are adopted to reconstruct velocities, defined here as drag-VRM method, and are also applied to estimate velocity time series. Results indicate that, considering diverse shelter effects at district and neighborhood levels, the examined high-rise (up to 57 m) low-to-mid density neighborhoods exhibit normalized

C_{d}^{*}

values ranging from 0.05 to 1. The C_d roses show significant anisotropic features, yielding an average coefficient of variation of up to 52%. The drag-VRM reproduces slightly lower average velocities, though larger discrepancies arise for irregular layouts and low ambient wind conditions. Further discussion reveals that the 300 m urban tile zoning method offers morphological and aerodynamic characterizations comparable to the neighborhood approach. Notably, the relationship between

C_{d}^{*}

and frontal area density (λ_f) for these realistic zones deviates from patterns in idealized urban configurations, underscoring the necessity of verifying drag models when applied to complex, local urban contexts.

表征异质城市结构和方向效应中的风阻是为城市多孔介质模型提供基础的基本必要条件。本作品考察了中国南京河西新城的一个现实住宅小区（170公顷，252座板形或不规则建筑）。利用三维稳态RANS方程进行了跨16个方向的计算流体动力学模拟。分析了每个邻域的冠层平均速度、气动阻力和体积阻力系数（Cd）。采用控制速度-速度关系的方程来重建速度，这里定义为drag-VRM方法，并应用于估计速度时间序列。结果表明，考虑到区和社区层面的不同遮蔽效应，研究的高层（高达57 m）中低密度社区的标准化Cd*值在0.05 ~ 1之间。Cd玫瑰表现出明显的各向异性特征，平均变异系数高达52%。拖曳式vrm重现了稍低的平均速度，尽管不规则布局和低环境风条件会产生较大的差异。进一步的讨论表明，300米城市瓦片分区方法提供了与邻里方法相当的形态和空气动力学特征。值得注意的是，这些实际区域的Cd*与锋面面积密度（λf）之间的关系偏离了理想城市配置的模式，强调了在应用于复杂的局部城市环境时验证阻力模型的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive multi-objective optimization of thermal and perceptual livability in high-density residential environments using image-based spatial metrics 基于图像空间度量的高密度居住环境热与感知宜居性自适应多目标优化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114307

Xudong Zhang , Weiyi Jia , Haifeng Diao , Taihan Chen , Ziyuan Zhang , Ervine Shengwei Lin , Zhiqiang Wu

High-density tropical cities often face significant challenges in providing outdoor environmental comfort, yet existing optimization approaches rarely integrate physical dimensions such as thermal factors with human perceptual experience. Moreover, multi-objective optimization in urban design typically generates massive Pareto fronts that are difficult to interpret and apply in practice. This study presents an adaptive framework integrating image-based metrics with NSGA-II to jointly optimize thermal and perceptual dimensions for residential livability. Three environmental dimensions, namely thermal comfort, restorative potential, and tranquility, were predicted from 1,000 street-view images using validated models. To address the challenge of large Pareto sets, we proposed a Weighted Pareto Selection Score (WPSS), a novel selection strategy that adaptively prioritizes underperforming objectives and identifies solutions most in need of improvement. From 100,000 Pareto solutions, WPSS selected 1,000 solutions with optimal gains. These solutions achieved clear improvements, including a mean reduction of 0.586°C in UTCI, and increases of 0.891 in restorative potential and 0.585 in tranquility, which represent enhancements of 17.6 %, 55.2 %, and 21.3 % compared to a conventional non-adaptive selection approach. In terms of spatial metrics, the selected solutions exhibited average increases of 18.20 % in Tree and 11.72 % in Depth, alongside decreases of 14.85 % in Sky, 19.56 % in Building, and 17.11 % in Disturbance. The proposed framework demonstrates how image-based metrics can be integrated into adaptive multi-objective optimization, providing a scalable and transferable tool to support evidence-based urban design and planning in high-density contexts.

高密度的热带城市在提供室外环境舒适度方面经常面临重大挑战，但现有的优化方法很少将热因素等物理维度与人类感知体验相结合。此外，城市设计中的多目标优化通常会产生大量的帕累托前沿，难以在实践中解释和应用。本研究提出了一个自适应框架，将基于图像的指标与NSGA-II相结合，共同优化住宅宜居性的热维度和感知维度。使用经过验证的模型，从1000张街景图像中预测了三个环境维度，即热舒适、恢复潜力和宁静。为了解决大帕累托集的挑战，我们提出了加权帕累托选择分数（WPSS），这是一种新的选择策略，可以自适应地优先考虑表现不佳的目标并识别最需要改进的解决方案。从10万个Pareto解中，WPSS选择了1000个具有最优收益的解。这些解决方案取得了明显的改善，包括UTCI平均降低0.586°C，恢复电位增加0.891°C，宁静度增加0.585°C，与传统的非适应性选择方法相比，分别提高了17.6%，55.2%和21.3%。在空间指标方面，所选解决方案在Tree和Depth方面平均增加18.20%和11.72%，而在Sky、Building和扰动方面分别减少14.85%、19.56%和17.11%。提出的框架展示了如何将基于图像的指标集成到自适应多目标优化中，为高密度环境下的循证城市设计和规划提供可扩展和可转移的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variations in indoor thermal environments and dynamic comfort of passengers in airport terminals during winter 冬季机场候机楼室内热环境与乘客动态舒适度时空变化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114268

Yuxin Yang , Juan Yu , Deyin Zhang , Hao Tang , Wenzhong Jiang , Libin Han , Junmin Li , Borong Lin , Yu Dong

Clarifying passengers’ dynamic thermal comfort needs is essential for sustainable civil aviation and for progressing toward zero-carbon airport terminals. This study adopts a passenger “whole-journey” perspective. It examines spatiotemporal variations in thermal conditions and subjective responses in a major hub terminal during winter in a mild (Cwb) climate. Field measurements in key functional zones revealed clear thermal non-uniformity. Large temperature gradients occurred between boundary transition zones and interior areas. These step changes often exceeded commonly used comfort limits for transitional exposure. We also observed strong zonal differences in thermal neutral temperature (TNT), ranging from 17.6 °C to 20.2 °C. In most zones, the measured operative temperatures were higher than the neutral requirement. This indicates an “overheating margin” and suggests energy-saving potential. Based on zone-level setpoint alignment with TNT, heating loads could theoretically be reduced by 7 %–18.5 % in some zones. The weighted average saving across primary passenger areas is 7.7 %. Waiting time further shaped comfort requirements. It served as a practical proxy for metabolic-rate decay. TNT increased from 18.3 °C to 20.3 °C when dwell time exceeded 60 min. Finally, we explored an LLM-based predictor as a complementary tool for thermal sensation inference, achieving 72.8 % accuracy (within ±1 TSV). This work proposes a passenger-centered framework for zone-specific control, demonstrating the exploratory potential of AI-assisted prediction in low-carbon operations.

明确乘客的动态热舒适需求对于可持续民用航空和向零碳机场航站楼迈进至关重要。本研究采用乘客“全程”视角。它检查了在一个主要枢纽终端的热条件和主观反应的时空变化在冬季在温和（Cwb）气候。关键功能区的现场测量显示出明显的热不均匀性。在边界过渡区和内部区域之间存在较大的温度梯度。这些阶跃变化通常超过了通常使用的过渡性暴露的舒适限度。我们还观察到热中性温度（TNT）在17.6°C至20.2°C之间存在明显的地带性差异。在大多数区域，测量的工作温度高于中性要求。这表明存在“过热幅度”，并暗示了节能潜力。基于区域级设定值与TNT的一致性，理论上某些区域的热负荷可以减少7% - 18.5%。主要客运区的加权平均节省率为7.7%。等待时间进一步塑造了舒适度要求。它作为代谢率衰减的实用代理。当停留时间超过60 min时，TNT由18.3℃增加到20.3℃。最后，我们探索了一个基于llm的预测器作为热感觉推断的补充工具，达到72.8%的准确率（在±1 TSV内）。这项工作提出了一个以乘客为中心的区域特定控制框架，展示了人工智能辅助预测在低碳运营中的探索潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel distributed cooperative control air balancing method with source-terminal synchronous regulation for HVAC system 一种新型的源端同步调节分布式协同控制空气平衡方法

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114286

Keying Zhang , Hui Cai , Lingzhi Li , Xin Zhang , Ying Wang , Zhoujing Wang

Air balancing is crucial for indoor comfort, and energy efficiency in ventilation systems. Distributed cooperative control (DCC) improves airflow stability in multi-zone environments by coordinating damper adjustments. Existing DCCs typically adjust terminal dampers first and then the supply fan, that is, the air source. This non-synchronous regulation yields nonlinear pressure changes during source adjustment, causing control deviations and slow convergence. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel distributed cooperative control air balancing method with source-terminal synchronous regulation (STS-AB). An adjacency matrix is constructed to capture source-terminal connectivity, enabling their synchronous adjustment and essentially improving air balancing performance with fewer iterations. A dynamic deviation term and an angle factor are introduced to decouple the critical damper, achieving independent regulation. The STS-AB was validated in a ventilation system experimental platform. Compared to the 3-stage DCC-AB method, the STS-AB ensures the critical damper reaches full open. The iterations are reduced by up to 70 %. Flow accuracy is doubled, with all terminal deviations held within 5 %. Furthermore, the STS-AB responds effectively to sudden flow demand changes. Enhancing both the efficiency and accuracy of air balancing, this method supports energy conservation and healthier indoor environments.

空气平衡对室内舒适和通风系统的能源效率至关重要。分布式协同控制（DCC）通过协调阻尼调节来改善多区域环境下的气流稳定性。现有的dcs通常先调整终端阻尼器，然后再调整供风机，即气源。这种非同步调节在源调节过程中产生非线性压力变化，导致控制偏差和缓慢收敛。针对这些问题，本文提出了一种新的源端同步调节分布式协同控制空气平衡方法（STS-AB）。构建邻接矩阵来捕获源端连接，使其能够同步调整，并通过更少的迭代从根本上提高空气平衡性能。引入动态偏差项和角度因子对临界阻尼器进行解耦，实现独立调节。STS-AB在通风系统实验平台上进行了验证。与三级DCC-AB方法相比，STS-AB确保临界阻尼器达到全开状态。迭代次数最多减少了70%。流量精度加倍，所有终端偏差控制在5%以内。此外，STS-AB对流量需求的突然变化做出了有效的响应。提高空气平衡的效率和准确性，这种方法支持节能和更健康的室内环境。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing optimal low-carbon retrofit strategies for residential neighborhoods using explainable machine learning 利用可解释的机器学习揭示住宅社区的最佳低碳改造策略

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114279

Jiahong Ye , Yanting Shen , Chenyu Huang , Qingyun Xu , Feng Yang , Mosha Zhao , Mohamed Sabry , Ahmed Abulwfa , Ahmed Ghitas , Jiawei Yao

In the context of urban renewal, building low-carbon retrofitting is key to achieving carbon neutrality. The differences in optimal retrofit strategies across various urban block types are often unclear, especially when considering energy savings and retrofit costs. Cost constraints can limit retrofit intensity, leading to heterogeneity in optimal solutions for the same neighborhood. To address this, a data-driven surrogate optimization framework is proposed to identify the most cost-effective energy retrofit strategies, factoring in both energy savings and economic costs. Based on the residential building types in Shanghai, this study constructed a validated batch simulation model of ideal neighborhoods, and conducted performance simulations using the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and EnergyPlus. By integrating machine learning and an advanced genetic algorithm (iGeneS), the study reveals the optimal retrofit combinations for balancing energy savings and costs, as well as their impacts on energy efficiency in different neighborhood types. Results show that deep retrofitting of photovoltaics (PV) and lighting yields the best outcomes, while shallow retrofitting for the other four strategies minimizes costs for energy savings. Additionally, when considering retrofit costs alongside energy savings, enhancing the thermal insulation of the building envelope becomes the most effective strategy, replacing PV. These findings highlight the adaptability differences in retrofit intensity across strategies and how cost constraints influence the selection of retrofit approaches. This framework, which is reusable with targeted adjustments, provides practical guidance for balancing energy conservation and costs during retrofitting, and can be adapted to fit the characteristics of different urban residential contexts.

在城市更新的背景下，低碳改造是实现碳中和的关键。不同城市街区类型的最佳改造策略之间的差异往往不清楚，特别是在考虑节能和改造成本时。成本约束会限制改造强度，导致同一小区的最优解决方案存在异质性。为了解决这个问题，提出了一个数据驱动的替代优化框架，以确定最具成本效益的能源改造策略，同时考虑到节能和经济成本。本研究基于上海市住宅建筑类型，构建了经过验证的理想社区批量模拟模型，并利用Urban Weather Generator （UWG）和EnergyPlus进行了性能模拟。通过整合机器学习和先进的遗传算法（iGeneS），该研究揭示了平衡节能和成本的最佳改造组合，以及它们对不同社区类型能源效率的影响。结果表明，光伏和照明的深度改造产生了最好的结果，而其他四种策略的浅改造最小化了节能成本。此外，当考虑到改造成本和节能时，加强建筑围护结构的隔热成为取代光伏的最有效策略。这些发现强调了不同策略在改造强度上的适应性差异，以及成本约束如何影响改造方法的选择。该框架可重复使用，可进行有针对性的调整，为在改造过程中平衡节能和成本提供实用指导，并可适应不同城市住宅环境的特点。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal–contextual self-supervised time-series learning for automated fault detection and diagnosis of air handling units in buildings 用于建筑物空气处理单元自动故障检测和诊断的时间上下文自监督时间序列学习

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114300

Seunghyeon Wang

Automated Fault Detection and Diagnosis (AFDD) for Air Handling Units (AHUs) has largely relied on supervised learning, which is difficult to deploy when labeled data are scarce. To reduce the labeling burden, recent work has explored self-supervised learning to leverage unlabeled operational logs; however, many studies treat sensor measurements as static tabular vectors rather than sequential time series. This study adopts Time-Series representation learning via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting (TS-TCC) as a backbone for AHU-level AFDD. TS-TCC pretrains a transformer-based encoder on unlabeled operational data using temporal and contextual contrastive objectives and then fine-tunes a lightweight classifier using limited labeled samples. Experiments on three benchmark AHU datasets with 5–30% label budgets compare TS-TCC with representative self-supervised baselines, supervised detectors, and semi-supervised methods. Across datasets, TS-TCC achieves 79–81% macro F1 score with 5% labels and reaches approximately 99% macro F1 score with 30% labels, outperforming self-supervised baselines and matching strong supervised detectors. Under a 30% labeled + 70% unlabeled setting, TS-TCC attains near-ceiling performance, while consistency-based semi-supervised methods provide only marginal F1 score gains in some cases. The resulting model remains suitable for near real-time deployment, with inference times of 20–30 ms per instance.

空气处理单元（ahu）的自动故障检测和诊断（AFDD）在很大程度上依赖于监督学习，在标记数据稀缺的情况下很难部署。为了减轻标注负担，最近的工作探索了自我监督学习，以利用未标注的操作日志；然而，许多研究将传感器测量视为静态表格向量，而不是顺序时间序列。本研究采用基于时间与语境对比的时间序列表征学习（TS-TCC）作为ahu级AFDD的主干。TS-TCC使用时间和上下文对比目标在未标记的操作数据上预训练基于变压器的编码器，然后使用有限的标记样本微调轻量级分类器。在标签预算为5-30%的三个基准AHU数据集上进行的实验将TS-TCC与具有代表性的自监督基线、监督检测器和半监督方法进行了比较。在数据集上，TS-TCC使用5%的标签达到79-81%的宏观F1得分，使用30%的标签达到约99%的宏观F1得分，优于自监督基线并匹配强监督检测器。在30%标记+ 70%未标记的设置下，TS-TCC达到了接近上限的性能，而基于一致性的半监督方法在某些情况下只能提供边际的F1分数提高。得到的模型仍然适合于接近实时的部署，每个实例的推理时间为20-30毫秒。

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引用次数: 0

Quasi-dynamic coupling method between CFD and building energy simulations for studying PCM-based radiant floor cooling systems CFD与建筑能量模拟的准动态耦合方法研究基于pcm的地板辐射制冷系统

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114280

Tianxing Zhang , Haruka Kitagawa , Takashi Asawa , Andhang Rakhmat Trihamdani

Although an indoor radiant floor cooling system that combines high thermal storage of phase change materials (PCMs) with underfloor nocturnal ventilation has been confirmed to be effective in the tropics, its optimal settings have not yet been clarified under naturally ventilated conditions. This study developed a quasi-dynamic coupling method between building energy simulation (BES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the PCM-based floor cooling system for indoor thermal environments. The thermal hysteresis of PCMs was integrated into the quasi-coupling method to simulate the effect of PCMs on indoor temperatures. Conventional BES-based decoupling methods and the quasi-coupling method with three popular turbulent models in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for CFD were compared and validated with the measurement results in an experimental building in Indonesia. The results showed that quasi-couplings reproduced the PCM temperature (coefficient of determination:

R^{2} =

0.98; root mean squared error:

RMSE =

0.4 °C). The shear-stress transport (SST)

k - ω

was the most accurate turbulence model for floor surface heat flux (

R^{2} =

0.92,

RMSE =

3.9

W / m^{2}

). This proves that the quasi-coupling method is more accurate than the decoupling method in replicating the phase change of the PCMs, including its effects on thermal storage and hysteresis. Among the RANS models, SST

k - ω

was the best for solving near-floor heat convection. The quasi-dynamic coupling method showed that the PCM-based floor cooling system effectively modifies the near-floor air temperature because nocturnal heat dissipation is enhanced by underfloor ventilation and thermal storage of PCMs under naturally ventilated conditions.

尽管结合相变材料（PCMs）的高储热与地板下夜间通风的室内地板辐射冷却系统已被证实在热带地区是有效的，但其在自然通风条件下的最佳设置尚未明确。本研究建立了建筑能量模拟（BES）与计算流体力学（CFD）的准动态耦合方法，以优化基于pcm的地板制冷系统的室内热环境。将相变材料的热滞后效应纳入准耦合方法，模拟相变材料对室内温度的影响。将基于传统的基于bes的解耦方法和三种常用湍流模型的准耦合方法应用于CFD的reynolds -平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）方程中，并与印度尼西亚实验建筑的测量结果进行了比较和验证。结果表明，准耦合重现了PCM温度（决定系数：R2= 0.98；均方根误差：RMSE= 0.4℃）。剪切应力输运（SST） k−ω是最准确的地板表面热流模型（R2= 0.92， RMSE= 3.9 W/m2）。这证明了准耦合方法比解耦方法更准确地复制相变，包括其对热存储和滞后的影响。在RANS模型中，SST k−ω最适合求解近地板热对流。准动态耦合方法表明，在自然通风条件下，基于pcm的地板冷却系统通过地板下通风和pcm的储热增强了夜间散热，从而有效地改变了地面附近的空气温度。

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引用次数: 0