Building and Environment最新文献_第2页

Impact of urban block morphology on seasonal solar irradiation in high-density urban canyons 高密度城市峡谷中城市街区形态对季节性太阳辐照的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114221

Jingjin Li, Zijun He, Jiajie Lu, Yuxiao Wang

As essential public realms, street canyons play a critical role in shaping both pedestrian thermal comfort and the potential for solar energy utilization. In high-density urban settings, however, maintaining adequate solar access is increasingly constrained by intensive surrounding development. This study investigates the city of Wuxi, characterized by hot summers and cold winters, to explore how urban morphology influences seasonal solar radiation distribution. A ∼10 km² representative area was selected, encompassing three prototypical block typologies—setback towers, courtyard blocks, and linear blocks—each reflecting distinct development intensities. Parametric solar radiation simulations were performed using Grasshopper and Radiance to assess solar exposure on vehicular lanes and pedestrian sidewalks across different seasonal periods. Random Forest regression and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis were employed to identify key morphological determinants of street-level solar access. The findings reveal that streets within courtyard block typologies receive 25.3%–26.3% less cumulative solar radiation compared to the other forms under equivalent conditions. Sidewalks consistently receive 4.2%–7.5% less radiation than adjacent carriageways. A strong negative correlation (R² ≈ 0.63) was observed between overall building intensity and street-level solar exposure, while single-variable metrics (e.g., building coverage ratio, height) showed limited predictive value. These insights offer a quantitative foundation for early-stage urban design decisions, enabling planners to optimize block typologies for enhanced solar performance in dense urban contexts.

作为必不可少的公共领域，街道峡谷在塑造行人热舒适和太阳能利用潜力方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在高密度的城市环境中，保持充足的太阳能供应越来越受到周围密集发展的限制。本研究以夏热冬冷的无锡市为研究对象，探讨城市形态对季节太阳辐射分布的影响。选择了一个10平方公里的代表性区域，包括三种典型的街区类型-挫折塔，庭院街区和线性街区-每一个都反映了不同的开发强度。利用Grasshopper和Radiance软件进行参数化太阳辐射模拟，评估不同季节车辆车道和人行道上的太阳辐射。采用随机森林回归和SHapley加性解释（SHapley Additive explanation）分析来确定街道太阳能接入的关键形态决定因素。研究结果表明，在同等条件下，庭院街区类型内的街道比其他形式的街道接收的累积太阳辐射少25.3%-26.3%。人行道受到的辐射始终比相邻的行车道少4.2%-7.5%。总体建筑强度与街道日照强度呈显著负相关（R²≈0.63），而单变量指标（如建筑覆盖率、高度）的预测价值有限。这些见解为早期城市设计决策提供了定量基础，使规划者能够优化街区类型，以增强密集城市环境中的太阳能性能。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and simulation study on the synergistic delivery characteristics of heat, moisture, and oxygen in high-altitude office environments 高海拔办公环境中热、湿、氧协同输送特性的实验与模拟研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114212

Weibin Gao , Weixue Cao , Yixuan Zhang , Kexin Yang , Mengnan Ruan , Xuchun Wei , Zipeng Li , Feng Shi , Jilin Feng , Bin Yang

The low oxygen, low temperature, and low humidity conditions prevalent in indoor environments at high altitudes can adversely affect personnel health and work efficiency. A control method was proposed in this study to deliver a multi-parameter coupled airflow, which was optimized for heat, humidity, and oxygen, directly to the facial breathing zone. This was achieved by positioning the oxygen supply terminals at specific locations above the workstation computer. An integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach was employed to investigate the effects of key supply air parameters on the localized environment, leading to the identification of the optimal operating conditions. It was demonstrated that this method successfully elevated the workspace oxygen concentration to 22.81% (from a 20% baseline) under optimal thermal-humidity conditions, while indoor humidity was stabilized at 0.072 kg/m³. Furthermore, an average oxygen enrichment velocity of 2.05% per minute and an personal oxygen inhalation efficiency of 64.12% were achieved. An effective technical solution for localized precision control in high-altitude office environments was presented in this study.

高海拔地区室内低氧、低温、低湿环境会影响人员健康和工作效率。本研究提出了一种将热、湿、氧优化的多参数耦合气流直接输送到面部呼吸区的控制方法。这是通过将供氧终端定位在工作站计算机上方的特定位置来实现的。采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了关键送风参数对局部环境的影响，从而确定了最佳运行条件。结果表明，在最佳热湿条件下，该方法成功地将工作空间氧气浓度从20%基线提高到22.81%，而室内湿度稳定在0.072 kg/m³。平均富氧速度为2.05% / min，个人吸氧效率为64.12%。提出了一种有效的高海拔办公环境下局部精确控制的技术方案。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of bed cooling on sleep quality and sleep thermal comfort in overheated bedrooms 在过热的卧室里，床冷却对睡眠质量和睡眠热舒适的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114213

Jaydeep Bhadra , Arash Beizaee , Iuliana Hartescu , Kevin Lomas

Elevated night-time temperatures in bedrooms on hot summer nights impairs sleep quality and sleep thermal comfort. Passive and low energy night-time cooling strategies can enhance individuals’ comfort without relying on air conditioning. This study evaluates the impact of a low-energy, water-based cooling mattress topper on sleep thermal comfort and quality in healthy adults sleeping in overheated UK bedrooms. Seventeen participants took part in repeated-measures controlled-bedroom experiments consisting of three stages: (1) baseline sleep in their own bedrooms under normal summer conditions, (2) sleep on a standard bedding system in a bedroom controlled at 30°C, and (3) sleep in the same overheated bedroom with the cooling mattress topper. Objective sleep metrics were recorded using wrist actigraphy, while subjective thermal comfort and sleep quality were assessed using validated questionnaires.

The cooling mattress topper was found to significantly improve sleep thermal comfort metrics (p < 0.05) with large effect sizes (r = 0.71 to 0.93). Substantial improvements in perceived sleep quality and a reduction in time spent awake were also reported. Actigraphy data showed that use of bed cooling restored total sleep time to baseline levels and reduced Sleep Onset Latency by ten minutes compared to using standard bedding. The findings suggest that targeted bed cooling is an effective, low-energy solution for mitigating sleep disruption in overheated bedrooms, and for mitigating the effects of increasing summertime temperatures in UK homes. There is an urgent need for sleep-specific overheating standards for UK homes.

在炎热的夏季夜晚，卧室夜间温度升高会损害睡眠质量和睡眠热舒适度。被动式和低能耗的夜间冷却策略可以提高个人的舒适度，而无需依赖空调。这项研究评估了低能耗、水基冷却床垫对在英国过热卧室中睡眠的健康成年人的睡眠热舒适和质量的影响。17名参与者参加了重复测量的受控卧室实验，包括三个阶段：(1)在正常夏季条件下在自己卧室的基线睡眠，(2)在30°C控制的卧室中使用标准床上用品系统睡眠，以及(3)在同一间过热的卧室中使用冷却床垫。使用手腕活动记录仪记录客观睡眠指标，使用有效问卷评估主观热舒适和睡眠质量。研究发现，降温床垫能显著改善睡眠热舒适指标（p < 0.05），且效应量较大（r = 0.71 ~ 0.93）。据报道，睡眠质量的显著改善和清醒时间的减少。活动记录仪数据显示，与使用标准床上用品相比，使用床上冷却将总睡眠时间恢复到基线水平，并将睡眠开始潜伏期减少了10分钟。研究结果表明，有针对性的床上降温是一种有效的、低能耗的解决方案，可以缓解过热卧室的睡眠中断，也可以缓解英国家庭夏季气温升高的影响。英国迫切需要制定针对睡眠过热的标准。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal sensation and physiological responses to intermittent solar radiation in a vehicle-oriented climatic chamber experiment 车辆导向气候室实验中间歇性太阳辐射的热感觉和生理反应

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114209

Xiaojie Zhou , Dongxue Guo , Cheng Chen , Yunxiao Deng , Guodan Liu

Intermittent solar radiation inside vehicle cabins causes rapid and non-uniform heating, yet its minute-scale impacts on occupants’ thermal perception and physiological responses remain insufficiently understood. A climatic chamber experiment was conducted with twenty adults exposed to simulated solar intensities of 200, 400, and 600 W·m⁻², two orientations (frontal, lateral), and durations of 1–3 min. Alternating light-shade cycles reproduced realistic driving conditions. Subjective votes (TSV, TCV) and physiological indicators (skin and core temperature, heart rate, salivary cortisol) were measured. Linear mixed-effects models considered within-subject dependence and exposure sequence. TSV increased linearly with irradiance (+0.55 ± 0.08 per 200 W·m⁻²) and stabilized within 2–3 min. Discomfort peaked on the forehead during frontal exposure. Skin temperature increased sharply and decayed with short post-shade lags (∼15 s). Heart rate rose by 5–8 bpm (p < 0.01), reflecting transient cardiovascular activation. Cortisol showed no irradiance main effect but displayed order-dependent variation, suggesting cumulative or adaptive endocrine responses. Minute-scale solar loading elicits rapid perceptual and localized physiological adjustments without elevating core temperature. Forehead heating and short thermal memory are key features of dynamic comfort in cabins. These findings provide empirical evidence to inform radiation-aware and predictive HVAC control strategies for energy-efficient thermal management in passenger vehicles.

汽车舱内的间歇性太阳辐射会引起快速且不均匀的加热，但其对乘员热感知和生理反应的微小影响仍未得到充分了解。在一个气候室实验中，20名成年人暴露在200、400和600 W·m（⁻²）两个方向（正面、侧面）的模拟太阳强度下，持续时间为1-3分钟。交替的光影循环再现了真实的驾驶条件。测量主观投票（TSV， TCV）和生理指标（皮肤和核心温度，心率，唾液皮质醇）。线性混合效应模型考虑受试者内部依赖性和暴露序列。TSV随辐照度（±0.55±0.08 / 200w·m）呈线性增加，并在2-3分钟内稳定下来。在正面暴露时，不适在额头上达到顶峰。皮肤温度急剧升高，并在短暂的遮光后滞后（~ 15 s）内腐烂。心率上升5 - 8bpm (p < 0.01)，反映了短暂的心血管激活。皮质醇不存在辐照主效应，但存在顺序依赖性变化，提示累积性或适应性内分泌反应。分尺度的太阳能负荷在不升高核心温度的情况下引起快速的感知和局部生理调节。前额加热和短热记忆是客舱动态舒适的主要特点。这些发现为客运车辆节能热管理的辐射感知和预测HVAC控制策略提供了经验证据。

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引用次数: 0

Auditory-perception-based tuneable noise control approach for improving acoustic comfort and behaviour of autistic individuals in indoor/outdoor environments 基于听觉感知的可调噪声控制方法改善自闭症患者在室内/室外环境中的声舒适和行为

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114179

Tak Chun Kwong , Steve Wai Yin Mung , Huan-Ling Yuan , Henry Kar Hang Chu , Yuen Yi Cynthia Lai , Chetwyn Che Hin Chan , Ho Man Yu , Yat Sze Choy

This study investigates the distinct auditory perception patterns in autistic children compared to non-autistic peers, focusing on the impact of auditory stimuli on behavioural responses. We conducted a two-phase study: the first phase involved subjective assessments of auditory perception using tonal stimuli, whereas the second phase developed a personalised noise-control strategy based on these perceptions. The study enrolled 83 children in the autism group and 50 children in the comparison group, aged 7–12 years. Findings revealed that autistic children exhibited decreased tolerance to tonal stimuli starting at 40 dB HL. The perceived difference ranged from 5 dB to 20 dB, with 250 Hz showing the greatest difference to the comparison group. Clustering analysis identified distinct profiles within the autism group. The proposed auditory perception-based tuneable noise-cancelling headset was evaluated using everyday sound stimuli and was effective in mitigating unpleasant aural perception. A mobile application was introduced to facilitate real-time assessments and personalised interventions. After a three-week period of using the proposed headset, eighteen parents reported that they observed improvement in their children’s reaction to sensitive sound, while the other six parents did not observe any changes. The study's results highlight the importance of personalised auditory interventions to alleviate sensory overload and enhance the quality of life of autistic children.

本研究探讨了自闭症儿童与非自闭症儿童不同的听觉感知模式，重点研究了听觉刺激对行为反应的影响。我们进行了两阶段的研究：第一阶段涉及使用音调刺激对听觉感知的主观评估，而第二阶段则基于这些感知开发个性化的噪声控制策略。该研究招募了83名自闭症儿童和50名7-12岁的对照组儿童。研究结果显示，自闭症儿童对40 dB HL的音调刺激的耐受性下降。感知到的差异从5 dB到20 dB不等，其中250 Hz与对照组的差异最大。聚类分析确定了自闭症组中不同的特征。所提出的基于听觉感知的可调谐降噪耳机使用日常声音刺激进行评估，并有效减轻不愉快的听觉感知。引入了一个移动应用程序，以促进实时评估和个性化干预。在使用该耳机三周后，18位家长报告说，他们观察到孩子对敏感声音的反应有所改善，而其他6位家长没有观察到任何变化。这项研究的结果强调了个性化听觉干预对于减轻感官负荷和提高自闭症儿童生活质量的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing cross-individual generalizability of thermal sensation prediction in dynamic environments: integrating physiological, emotional, and environmental features 增强动态环境中热感觉预测的跨个体普遍性：整合生理、情绪和环境特征

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114210

Yingle Wei , Yunsong Han , Qihui Zhang , Hongji Cui , Biaoqing Tao , Xiran Cui

Thermal perception prediction is essential for occupant-centered thermal environment control. However, current thermal perception models prioritize individual-level accuracy while neglecting cross-individual generalizability, limiting their applicability in spaces with frequently changing occupants. This study examined emotion–thermal coupling and developed both personalized and generalized thermal sensation prediction models using eight machine learning (ML) algorithms for known and unknown individuals. Notably, this study is the first to reveal significant sex differences in emotional dominance, with males exhibiting a stronger sense of control than females under cold and hot thermal conditions. Under dynamic thermal environments, thermal sensation showed weak correlations with physiological signals, whereas associations with emotional states remained robust. Predicting thermal sensation also proved more challenging in dynamic than in steady-state conditions, particularly for unseen individuals. Nevertheless, ambient temperature, thermal conditions considering the temperature change direction (TC-TCD), and emotional states significantly enhanced model cross-individual generalizability. Personalized model accuracies reached 94.97% for males and 96.49% for females, while generalized model accuracies improved from 58.75% to 81.31% for males and from 71.15% to 85.61% for females. Emotional states were key predictors of thermal sensation, primarily driven by valence, which exhibited a clear U-shaped relationship with thermal sensation votes (TSV). Finally, high generalizability was achievable with only five features, with generalized model accuracies decreasing by merely 0.67% for males and 0.59% for females. By integrating environmental and emotional information, this study significantly advances the cross-individual generalizability of thermal sensation prediction.

热感知预测对于以乘员为中心的热环境控制至关重要。然而，目前的热感知模型优先考虑个体层面的准确性，而忽略了跨个体的普遍性，限制了它们在经常更换居住者的空间中的适用性。本研究考察了情绪-热耦合，并使用八种机器学习（ML）算法为已知和未知个体开发了个性化和广义热感觉预测模型。值得注意的是，这项研究首次揭示了情绪支配的显著性别差异，在寒冷和炎热的温度条件下，男性表现出比女性更强的控制感。在动态热环境下，热感觉与生理信号的相关性较弱，而与情绪状态的相关性较强。预测热感觉在动态条件下比在稳态条件下更具挑战性，特别是对于看不见的个体。然而，环境温度、考虑温度变化方向的热条件（TC-TCD）和情绪状态显著增强了模型的跨个体泛化性。男性的个性化模型准确率为94.97%，女性为96.49%，而男性的广义模型准确率从58.75%提高到81.31%，女性从71.15%提高到85.61%。情绪状态是热感觉的关键预测因子，主要由效价驱动，与热感觉投票呈明显的u型关系。最后，仅用5个特征即可实现高泛化性，男性模型的泛化精度仅下降0.67%，女性模型的泛化精度仅下降0.59%。通过整合环境和情绪信息，本研究显著提高了热感觉预测的跨个体推广能力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of single-sided ventilation through a roof opening using isolated generic models 采用隔离通用模型的屋顶开口单侧通风试验研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114206

Yuanyuan Lin, Mats Sandberg, Mathias Cehlin, Leif Claesson, Hans Wigö

Previous studies have rarely addressed single-sided ventilation driven by the external flow over the roof, which exhibits considerable potential owing to its highly turbulent nature and strong suction associated with leading-edge flow separation. In this study, wind tunnel experiments on single-sided ventilation through a roof opening were conducted using two isolated generic models: a cylinder and a rectangular prism, each with a set of replaceable openings. Both models were tested either flush- or floor-mounted. Two inflow conditions, each with three free-stream velocities, were considered. For both models mounted beneath the floor, the nondimensional ventilation rates (Q*) are comparable to values reported in the literature; for the prism, a slight increase in Q* with orientation suggests the development of a mixing layer along the streamwise extent of the floor-level opening. In the floor-mounted configuration, body-induced flow disturbances tend to enhance ventilation. Three primary governing rooftop flow regimes are identified—recirculation zone, flow reattachment, and conical vortex—whose relative dominance over the opening depends on inflow turbulence, wind incidence angle, and model configuration. When the opening lies entirely within the recirculation zone, Q* is proportional to the normalized local fluctuation intensity, with a coefficient of about 0.16. For certain yaw angles, the marked increase in Q* strongly correlates with the presence of a conical vortex over the prism model roof, which features strong suction and intense fluctuations. Direct advection through the opening could occur with a favorable opening size and location, allowing deep penetration of the reattaching shear layer.

以往的研究很少涉及由顶部外部气流驱动的单面通风，由于其高湍流性质和与前缘气流分离相关的强吸力，该通风具有相当大的潜力。在这项研究中，通过屋顶开口进行单面通风的风洞实验使用两个孤立的通用模型：圆柱体和矩形棱镜，每个模型都有一组可更换的开口。两种型号都进行了平装或落地式测试。考虑了两种入流条件，每种入流条件具有三种自由流速度。对于安装在地板下的两种模型，无因次通风量（Q*）与文献中报道的值相当；对于棱镜，Q*随方向的轻微增加表明沿底板开口的流向范围形成了混合层。在地板安装的配置中，身体引起的气流干扰倾向于增强通风。确定了三种主要的屋顶流动模式——再循环区、流动再附着和锥形涡——它们对开口的相对优势取决于流入湍流、风入射角和模型配置。当开口完全位于回流区内时，Q*与归一化的局部波动强度成正比，系数约为0.16。对于某些偏航角，Q*的显著增加与棱柱模型顶部锥形涡的存在密切相关，该涡具有强吸力和强烈波动。通过开口的直接平流可以在有利的开口尺寸和位置发生，允许重新附着的剪切层深入穿透。

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引用次数: 0

CFD model validation and mesh resolution reduction strategies for complex louvred openings 复杂百叶开口的CFD模型验证和网格分辨率降低策略

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114207

Laura Annabelle Bugenings , Philipp Ostmann , Aliakbar Kamari , Li Rong

Rising outdoor temperatures, the absence of effective overheating mitigation strategies and upcoming renovations contribute to a decrease in summer thermal comfort in homes. This heightens the need to provide occupants with adequate passive cooling strategies to avoid the use of energy-intensive active cooling systems. Louvred openings enable occupants to extend the well-established passive cooling strategy of natural ventilation to nighttime, periods of absence, and non-ideal weather conditions. As numerical investigations of indoor environmental quality for these systems are rare and validated CFD models do not exist, this study aims to validate a CFD model by conducting full-scale experiments, testing different turbulence models, and assessing the impact of radiation. Furthermore, various strategies to reduce the large number of mesh cells, caused by the complex geometry of the louvre, are studied. The final model shows good performance for low-velocity zones. In zones with higher velocity, namely the flow entry zone after the louvre, the model tends to overpredict velocities. No turbulence model is superior. Radiation modelling did not significantly improve the model performance but drastically increased the computational resources. The best strategy to reduce the mesh (by 63%) was the porous media model, which also improved the prediction of the high-velocity inflow zone. Additionally, allowing for higher surface curvature deviation did not significantly impact the flow but resulted in a 30% reduction of mesh cells.

室外温度上升，缺乏有效的过热缓解策略和即将进行的装修，导致夏季家庭热舒适度下降。这就需要为居住者提供足够的被动冷却策略，以避免使用能源密集型的主动冷却系统。百叶开口使居住者能够将自然通风的被动冷却策略扩展到夜间，缺席期间和非理想的天气条件。由于这些系统的室内环境质量的数值研究很少，并且没有经过验证的CFD模型，因此本研究旨在通过进行全尺寸实验，测试不同的湍流模型以及评估辐射的影响来验证CFD模型。此外，还研究了各种策略，以减少由于卢浮宫复杂的几何形状造成的大量网格单元。最后的模型在低速区表现出良好的性能。在流速较大的区域，即浮叶后的入流区，模型容易出现流速过高的情况。没有任何湍流模型是优越的。辐射建模并没有显著提高模型的性能，但却大大增加了计算资源。减少网格（63%）的最佳策略是多孔介质模型，这也提高了对高速流入区的预测。此外，允许更高的表面曲率偏差不会显著影响流量，但会导致网格单元减少30%。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic removal of wheel/rail-derived UFPs in the metro environment using a near-source electrostatic purification system 使用近源静电净化系统动态去除地铁环境中车轮/轨道产生的ufp

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114204

Shuai Liu , Yanling Na , Chongxu Jiang , Zhuangbo Feng

The metal-containing particles (Fe/Ni/Cr/Mn) generated from wheel-rail abrasion account for approximately 90% of the particulate matter in metro carriages and on platforms. The metal UFPs (ultrafine particles) pose more severe health risks due to their small size and high toxicity. Previous studies have proposed near-source UFPs purifiers installed beneath metro carriage to dynamically capture rail-derived UFPs before they disperse widely within tunnels. However, limited attentions have been given to the interaction between complex tunnel airflow and the purifiers attached to a metro carriage, remaining challenges for practical engineering applications. This study proposes a two-stage electrostatic precipitator (with two charging zones in both its upstream and downstream ends) installed beneath the metro carriage, which employs a dynamic ionized electric field to directly capture rail-derived UFPs. To enable the quantitative design of the electrostatic purification system, this study develops a systematic numerical model, encompassing tunnel piston wind and air turbulence, UFPs emission and dispersion, and electrostatic purification processes. The numerical model of electrostatic precipitator is a typical dynamic multi-physics field model. Numerical models have been employed to predict unsteady tunnel airflow, UFPs distribution, and transient electrostatic purification efficiency under the influence of metro motion. Finally, the spatial layout and key design parameters of electrostatic precipitator are numerically optimized, aiming at high-efficiently remove the rail-derived UFPs and mitigate occupant health risk in metro system.

轮轨磨损产生的含金属颗粒（Fe/Ni/Cr/Mn）约占地铁车厢和站台颗粒物的90%。金属超细颗粒由于体积小、毒性大，对人体健康的危害更大。先前的研究建议在地铁车厢下方安装近源ufp净化器，以便在ufp在隧道内广泛扩散之前动态捕获轨道来源的ufp。然而，对于复杂隧道气流与地铁车厢上的净化器之间的相互作用，人们的关注有限，这对实际工程应用仍然是一个挑战。本研究提出了一种安装在地铁车厢下方的两级静电除尘器（在其上游和下游两端都有两个充电区），该除尘器采用动态电离电场直接捕获轨道衍生的ufp。为了实现静电净化系统的定量设计，本研究建立了一个系统的数值模型，包括隧道活塞风和空气湍流、ufp发射和扩散以及静电净化过程。静电除尘器的数值模型是典型的动态多物理场模型。采用数值模型对地铁运动影响下的非定常隧道气流、ufp分布和瞬态静电净化效率进行了预测。最后，对静电除尘器的空间布局和关键设计参数进行了数值优化，以高效去除轨道源ufp，降低地铁系统中乘员的健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Linking sleep quality, thermal comfort, and performance: Evidence from naturally ventilated classrooms in warm-humid climate 连接睡眠质量、热舒适和性能：来自温暖潮湿气候下自然通风教室的证据

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114208

Samar Thapa , Goutam Kumar Panda , Sudip Barman

Ensuring thermally comfortable and healthy indoor environments in educational buildings is vital for sustainability. This is more crucial in warm-humid regions of the global south, where reliance on air-conditioning threatens energy goals along with economic costs. However, no field studies in India have examined how previous-night sleep quality modulates the next-day thermal comfort perception and learning performance in naturally-ventilated (NV) classrooms. This study investigates the interplay between sleep quality, thermal comfort, and learning performance in NV classrooms, emphasizing the role of low-energy adaptive strategies. “Right-here-right-now” field studies (N = 430) were conducted in 11 classrooms, combining indoor environmental monitoring with self-reported thermal sensation and perceived (and model estimated) performance. Sleep-quality was measured using a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) by considering 5 out of 7 components as relevant with our student cohort and recall period of previous-night (instead of 30 days). Significant seasonal differences in clothing insulation and factors of thermal comfort were seen. Sleep quality exhibited a greater gender difference, with an inferior sleep among female than in males (mean PSQI 4.42 versus 2.83). Further, sleep quality significantly influenced both thermal comfort responses (higher/inferior PSQI associated with extreme sensation and preference) and relative performance. By linking previous-night sleep to daytime thermal experience and estimated performance, this study illustrates that sleep quality amplifies thermal stress on concentration and learning outcomes in student population and thus underscores the societal importance of health-centred indoor climate strategies for educational equity, energy efficiency and urban sustainability.

确保教育建筑的热舒适和健康的室内环境对可持续性至关重要。这在全球南方温暖潮湿的地区更为重要，那里对空调的依赖威胁着能源目标和经济成本。然而，在印度没有实地研究考察了前一晚的睡眠质量如何调节第二天在自然通风（NV）教室中的热舒适感知和学习表现。本研究探讨了NV教室中睡眠质量、热舒适和学习表现之间的相互作用，强调了低能量适应策略的作用。“此时此地”实地研究（N = 430）在11间教室中进行，将室内环境监测与自我报告的热感觉和感知（和模型估计）性能相结合。睡眠质量的测量使用改进的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），通过考虑与我们的学生群体和前一天晚上的回忆期（而不是30天）相关的7个组成部分中的5个组成部分。在服装隔热和热舒适因素上有显著的季节差异。睡眠质量表现出更大的性别差异，女性的睡眠质量比男性差（平均PSQI为4.42比2.83）。此外，睡眠质量显著影响热舒适反应（与极端感觉和偏好相关的PSQI高/低）和相对表现。通过将前一天晚上的睡眠与白天的热体验和估计表现联系起来，该研究表明，睡眠质量会放大学生群体集中注意力和学习成果的热压力，从而强调以健康为中心的室内气候策略对教育公平、能源效率和城市可持续性的社会重要性。

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