Building and Environment最新文献_第3页

Optimizing urban wind environment in high-density built-up areas through targeted redevelopment of inefficient land 通过对低效用地的定向再开发，优化高密度建成区的城市风环境

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114265

Xiwen Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Shifa Ma , Peng Yang , Shijie Luo , Lan Ma , Yunnan Cai , Bikai Chen , Wanzhu Zhao

The development of urban ventilation corridors is a viable strategy to alleviate thermal environmental stress. Accurately identifying critical zones for urban ventilation and formulating spatial planning strategies to improve ventilation performance are essential for sustainable urban development. In this study, Guangzhou, as a city with high-density construction and a typical area for urban renewal, is taken as a case study. Based on the "wind direction-resistance surface-corridor" framework, urban ventilation corridors are proposed, and key zones are identified by incorporating urban inefficient land. Furthermore, optimal pathways for urban ventilation corridors are explored in the context of urban renewal by floor area ratio (FAR)-based scenario modeling. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of ventilation corridors in Guangzhou is uneven, mainly concentrated in low to medium-density building areas and along rivers, green spaces, and the like. (2) Approximately 10.43% of Guangzhou’s inefficient land intersects with urban ventilation corridors, with Yuexiu and Liwan districts having the highest proportion (over 40%). Redeveloping these inefficient areas could significantly enhance ventilation. (3) FAR is not a critical factor affecting the wind environment, and the impact of different ranges of FAR on ventilation effects varies. Even with an increased FAR, a favorable wind environment can be maintained through adjustments in building height and orientation. The urban planning policies proposed in this study can provide references for the redevelopment of inefficient land to maximize ventilation effects.

城市通风走廊的发展是缓解热环境压力的可行策略。准确识别城市通风关键区域，制定改善通风性能的空间规划策略，对城市可持续发展至关重要。本文以广州作为高密度建设城市和城市更新的典型区域为研究对象。基于“风向-阻力地面-廊道”框架，提出了城市通风廊道，并结合城市低效用地，确定了重点区域。此外，通过基于容积率（FAR）的场景建模，探讨了城市更新背景下城市通风走廊的最佳路径。结果表明：(1)广州市通风廊道空间分布不均匀，主要集中在中低密度建筑区域及沿河、绿地等地。(2)广州市约10.43%的低效用地与城市通风廊道相交，其中越秀区和荔湾区所占比例最高（超过40%）。重新开发这些效率低下的区域可以显著改善通风。(3)远比不是影响风环境的关键因素，不同远比范围对通风效果的影响是不同的。即使增加了FAR，也可以通过调整建筑高度和朝向来保持良好的风环境。本研究提出的城市规划政策可以为低效用地的再开发提供参考，以最大限度地提高通风效果。

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引用次数: 0

AI-driven morphological optimization for resilient retrofitting of mediterranean housing stock under compounded urban heat island and heatwave effects 城市热岛和热浪复合效应下地中海住宅存量弹性改造的人工智能驱动形态优化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114266

Alireza Karimi, David Moreno-Rangel, Antonio García-Martínez

The compounded effects of urban heatwaves (HW) and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon threaten the thermal resilience of Mediterranean residential buildings; yet, few studies evaluate building performance under localized future climate conditions. This study addresses this gap by combining high-resolution climate projections (EUROCORDEX) with UHI adjustments to generate localized weather files for Madrid across historical (2006–2020), mid-term (2040–2060), and long-term (2080–2100) periods under RCP8.5. Twenty residential building archetypes were simulated in EnergyPlus to evaluate energy use intensity (EUI) and operational carbon intensity (OCI) during peak thermal stress events.

Key findings show that mean air temperature during HW events may increase by ∼3.5 °C by 2100, potentially doubling cooling energy demand. The results identify a significant "resilience gap": compact, well-oriented buildings achieved up to 27% lower EUI compared to less resilient typologies under identical code-compliant upgrades. Geometry-optimized designs identified via machine learning and genetic algorithms reduced EUI by up to 18% and OCI by up to 22% relative to baseline designs. Notably, up to 45% of today’s retrofitted buildings are projected to fail compliance with future CTE cooling limits, highlighting a critical need for regulatory reform.

This study demonstrates the combined value of localized climate data and generative AI to inform "form-first" resilience strategies. We propose a three-tier reform for building codes, incorporating morphological resilience coefficients and AI-assisted compliance probes to ensure Mediterranean housing remains habitable and sustainable under 21st-century climatic extremes.

城市热浪（HW）和城市热岛（UHI）现象的复合效应威胁着地中海住宅的热恢复能力；然而，很少有研究评估建筑在局部未来气候条件下的性能。本研究通过将高分辨率气候预测（EUROCORDEX）与热岛热岛调整相结合，在RCP8.5下生成马德里历史（2006-2020年）、中期（2040-2060年）和长期（2080-2100年）的局部天气文件，解决了这一差距。在EnergyPlus中模拟了20个住宅建筑原型，以评估峰值热应力事件时的能源使用强度（EUI）和运行碳强度（OCI）。主要研究结果表明，到2100年，高通量事件期间的平均气温可能增加~ 3.5℃，可能使冷却能源需求增加一倍。结果发现了一个显著的“弹性差距”：紧凑型、面向良好的建筑在相同的符合规范的升级下，与弹性较小的类型相比，EUI降低了27%。与基线设计相比，通过机器学习和遗传算法确定的几何优化设计将EUI和OCI分别降低了18%和22%。值得注意的是，目前高达45%的改造建筑预计不符合未来的CTE冷却限制，这凸显了监管改革的迫切需要。本研究展示了局部气候数据和生成式人工智能在为“形式优先”的复原力战略提供信息方面的综合价值。我们建议对建筑规范进行三层改革，结合形态弹性系数和人工智能辅助的合规调查，以确保地中海地区的住房在21世纪极端气候条件下仍然适合居住和可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the resistance and flow characteristics of a square diffuser under adjacent influence conditions based on design of experiments 基于实验设计的相邻影响条件下方形扩压器阻力及流动特性分析

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114259

Haimeng Li , Wei Xu , Ran Gao , Xinyu Zhang , Chi Zhang , Yan Tian , Yi Wang , Ruoyin Jing

Air terminals are crucial components of ventilation and air conditioning (VAC) systems, ensuring efficient airflow that maintains the indoor air quality and a favorable noise environment. Uneven outflows at the supply air endpoint disrupt the indoor air distribution under adjacent influence conditions (AICs) and affect the hydraulic balance of transmission systems, leading to resistance deviations. This study combines design of experiments (DoE) and numerical simulations to examine the changes exhibited by the outflow and resistance characteristics at the air supply end under AICs using a central composite design (CCD). An interaction analysis of the factors that influenced the outflow of a square diffuser was conducted using the response surface methodology (RSM). The full-scale experimental data provided the envelope surface distribution, throw distance, and axial velocity attenuation of the flow pattern of the square diffuser, confirming the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Under AICs, the coupling pressure loss coefficient of the square diffuser was reduced by 22.4% compared with that of the traditional methods. This research introduces a more accurate approach for predicting resistance in duct distribution systems, optimizing airflows, minimizing noise, and achieving energy savings. These findings have significant implications for improving HVAC system designs, reducing energy consumption levels, and enhancing the comfort of occupants in real-world applications.

空气终端是通风和空调（VAC）系统的重要组成部分，确保有效的气流，保持室内空气质量和良好的噪声环境。送风端点的不均匀流出破坏了相邻影响条件下的室内气流分布，影响了传动系统的水力平衡，导致阻力偏差。本研究采用中心复合设计（CCD），结合实验设计（DoE）和数值模拟，研究了在AICs下供气端流出和阻力特性的变化。采用响应面法（RSM）对影响方形扩散器流出的因素进行了相互作用分析。全尺寸实验数据提供了方形扩压器流型的包络面分布、抛射距离和轴向速度衰减，验证了数值模拟的准确性。在AICs下，方形扩压器的耦合压力损失系数比传统方法降低了22.4%。这项研究介绍了一种更准确的方法来预测管道分配系统的阻力，优化气流，最小化噪音，并实现节能。这些发现对于改善暖通空调系统设计、降低能耗水平和提高实际应用中居住者的舒适度具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load in existing large spaces based on unsteady-state Block-Gebhart model 基于非稳态Block-Gebhart模型的既有大空间热环境和分层空调负荷预测

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114267

Yufeng Miao, Chen Huang, Jiyang Zhu, Tong Yang, Zhijun Zou, Fei Wang

In this study, an improved Block–Gebhart (B–G) model is developed to enhance the prediction accuracy of unsteady thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load (SACL) in large space buildings, with a particular focus on glass structures. The model accounts for the unsteady thermal storage of the building envelope as well as the distribution of solar-transmitted radiation across inner wall surfaces using the harmonic reaction method, and its performance has been validated through measurements in two existing large space buildings under a total of seven operating cases. The results indicate that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of both air temperature and inner wall temperature remain at an acceptable level over the entire measurement period, with values of 3.5% and 5.9% for air and wall temperatures in Cases A1–A4, and 5.0% and 4.8% in Cases B1–B3, respectively. The mean absolute errors (MAE) of air and wall temperature are 1.1 °C and 1.9 °C for Cases A1–A4, and 1.1 °C and 1.4 °C for Cases B1–B3, respectively. Furthermore, the SACL calculated by the unsteady B–G model also shows good agreement with the measured data, with MAPEs of 3.4% (Case A1–A4) and 3.9% (Case B1–B3).

本文以玻璃结构为研究对象，建立了一种改进的Block-Gebhart （B-G）模型，以提高大空间建筑非稳态热环境和分层空调负荷（SACL）的预测精度。该模型采用谐波反应法计算了建筑围护结构的非定常蓄热和太阳透射辐射在内墙表面的分布，并通过对两座既有大空间建筑共7个工况的测量验证了其性能。结果表明，在整个测量期间，空气温度和内壁温度的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）保持在可接受的水平，A1-A4的空气温度和内壁温度的平均值分别为3.5%和5.9%，B1-B3的平均值分别为5.0%和4.8%。a1 ~ a4的空气温度和壁面温度的平均绝对误差（MAE）分别为1.1℃和1.9℃，b1 ~ b3的平均绝对误差为1.1℃和1.4℃。此外，非定常B-G模型计算的SACL与实测数据吻合较好，mape分别为3.4% （A1-A4）和3.9% （B1-B3）。

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引用次数: 0

CFD approach to hybrid ventilation for mitigating hydrogen leak dispersion in double-decker fuel cell bus cabins 双层燃料电池客车舱内氢泄漏扩散的混合通风CFD方法研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114255

S.V. Vijaya Bushan, S. Rithvik, A.P. Arjun, R. Harish

As hydrogen emerges as a clean and efficient fuel for public transportation, ensuring onboard safety in hydrogen-powered vehicles becomes critical, especially during leaks in enclosed compartments. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrogen dispersion dynamics in a double-decker hydrogen-powered bus following a leakage event. The primary motivation is to address safety concerns caused by the rapid dispersion of hydrogen, particularly in enclosed passenger areas where gas buildup near ignition sources may create significant hazards. The novelty of this work lies in systematically evaluating passive and active mitigation strategies, including strategically placed air curtains and emergency vents, to suppress cross-deck hydrogen transport and enhance rapid dilution. A detailed parametric study assessed the effects of air curtain placement, vent positioning and their combined interaction on hydrogen concentration distribution, leakage containment and venting efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that a symmetrically installed dual air curtain system around the leak source achieved optimal safety performance, reducing the hydrogen mass fraction in the lower deck by up to 85.7% while preventing vertical migration to the upper deck. Alternative configurations such as rear-mounted ventilation systems and strategically positioned air curtains at the front and rear, also significantly reduced the hydrogen accumulation by up to 63.11%, highlighting the role of combined buoyancy and momentum-driven mitigation mechanisms. The findings provide critical design insights for developing hydrogen-powered transportation systems with enhanced leak resilience and occupant protection, offering valuable guidelines for future regulatory and safety frameworks in the hydrogen mobility sector.

随着氢作为一种清洁高效的公共交通燃料的出现，确保氢动力汽车的车载安全变得至关重要，尤其是在封闭隔间发生泄漏的情况下。本文研究了泄漏事件后双层氢动力客车氢气弥散动力学的计算流体动力学分析。其主要动机是解决氢气快速扩散引起的安全问题，特别是在封闭的乘客区域，气体积聚在火源附近可能会造成重大危害。这项工作的新颖之处在于系统地评估被动和主动缓解策略，包括战略性地放置空气幕和应急通风口，以抑制跨甲板氢气输送并增强快速稀释。一项详细的参数研究评估了气幕放置、排气口定位及其相互作用对氢气浓度分布、泄漏抑制和排气效率的影响。仿真结果表明，在泄漏源周围对称安装的双气幕系统达到了最佳的安全性能，降低了下层甲板的氢气质量分数高达85.7%，同时防止了垂直向上层甲板的迁移。其他配置，如后置通风系统和前后放置的空气幕，也显著减少了高达63.11%的氢气积聚，突出了浮力和动量驱动的联合缓解机制的作用。研究结果为开发具有增强泄漏弹性和乘员保护的氢动力交通系统提供了关键的设计见解，为氢交通领域未来的监管和安全框架提供了有价值的指导方针。

{"title":"CFD approach to hybrid ventilation for mitigating hydrogen leak dispersion in double-decker fuel cell bus cabins","authors":"S.V. Vijaya Bushan, S. Rithvik, A.P. Arjun, R. Harish","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As hydrogen emerges as a clean and efficient fuel for public transportation, ensuring onboard safety in hydrogen-powered vehicles becomes critical, especially during leaks in enclosed compartments. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrogen dispersion dynamics in a double-decker hydrogen-powered bus following a leakage event. The primary motivation is to address safety concerns caused by the rapid dispersion of hydrogen, particularly in enclosed passenger areas where gas buildup near ignition sources may create significant hazards. The novelty of this work lies in systematically evaluating passive and active mitigation strategies, including strategically placed air curtains and emergency vents, to suppress cross-deck hydrogen transport and enhance rapid dilution. A detailed parametric study assessed the effects of air curtain placement, vent positioning and their combined interaction on hydrogen concentration distribution, leakage containment and venting efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that a symmetrically installed dual air curtain system around the leak source achieved optimal safety performance, reducing the hydrogen mass fraction in the lower deck by up to 85.7% while preventing vertical migration to the upper deck. Alternative configurations such as rear-mounted ventilation systems and strategically positioned air curtains at the front and rear, also significantly reduced the hydrogen accumulation by up to 63.11%, highlighting the role of combined buoyancy and momentum-driven mitigation mechanisms. The findings provide critical design insights for developing hydrogen-powered transportation systems with enhanced leak resilience and occupant protection, offering valuable guidelines for future regulatory and safety frameworks in the hydrogen mobility sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel full-size portable respiratory droplet sampler for quantification of virus release characteristics 新型全尺寸便携式呼吸道飞沫取样器，用于定量病毒释放特性

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114263

Yuchen Shi , Yanwan Shangguan , Kaijin Xu , Silan Gu , Zhigang Wu , Yanni Ma , Xianghong Liu , Jianjian Wei

Viral loads of different-sized droplets are fundamental for accurately assessing transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in indoor environments. However, current sampling techniques lack experimental data on exhaled droplets larger than 10 μm, posing a significant challenge in identifying the dominant transmission routes and preparing for the potential emergence of ‘Disease X’. This study developed a novel sampler based on the aerodynamic characteristics of respiratory droplets, including gravitational deposition and inertial impaction, to characterize viral loads in full-size-range respiratory droplets. The sampler components were designed and optimized through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and their performance was evaluated using inert particle aerosols, demonstrating effective collection of respiratory droplets across five size ranges: 1–2.5 μm, 2.5–5 μm, 5–10 μm, 10–50 μm, and >50 μm. The sampler achieved over 84% collection efficiency for droplets larger than 50 μm, with minimal loss (<15%) for droplets smaller than 10 μm, and consistent performance (fluctuations <15%) across various respiratory conditions. In clinical validation, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in respiratory droplets from 4 out of 5 COVID-19 patients, ranging from nondetectable to 9.11 (>50 μm), 8.17 (10–50 μm), 4.95 (5–10 μm) and 5.91 (1–5 μm) log₁₀ RNA copies per 15-min sampling, respectively. These findings offer a systematic quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral distribution at the source, across the full-size-range of respiratory droplets, providing previously lacking data. This novel sampler enables comprehensive source characterization and supports effective non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for infection control.

不同大小飞沫的病毒载量是准确评估室内环境中呼吸道传染病传播风险的基础。然而，目前的采样技术缺乏大于10 μm的呼出液滴的实验数据，这对确定主要传播途径和为可能出现的“X病”做准备构成了重大挑战。本研究基于呼吸道飞沫的空气动力学特性，包括重力沉积和惯性撞击，开发了一种新型采样器，以表征全尺寸范围呼吸道飞沫中的病毒载量。通过计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟对采样器组件进行了设计和优化，并使用惰性颗粒气溶胶对其性能进行了评估，证明了在1-2.5 μm、2.5-5 μm、5-10 μm、10-50 μm和>；50 μm五个尺寸范围内的呼吸液滴的有效收集。对于大于50 μm的液滴，采样器的收集效率超过84%，对于小于10 μm的液滴，采样器的损失最小（15%），并且在各种呼吸条件下性能保持一致（波动<；15%）。在临床验证中，5例COVID-19患者中有4例在呼吸道飞沫中检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA，范围从不可检测到9.11 （>50 μm）、8.17 （10-50 μm）、4.95 （5 - 10 μm）和5.91 (1-5 μm) log10 RNA拷贝/ 15 min。这些发现提供了一个系统的量化SARS-CoV-2病毒在源头的分布，在整个呼吸道飞沫的大小范围内，提供了以前缺乏的数据。这种新颖的采样器能够全面表征源，并支持有效的非药物干预策略，以控制感染。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal and architectural drivers of microbial and potential pathogen communities in dormitories 宿舍中微生物和潜在病原体群落的季节和建筑驱动因素

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114257

Junming Ye , Hafiz Adeel Ahmad , Zhengyu Chen , Dehong Chen , Yiqi Tao , Jiang Wu , Lei Su , Bo Yang , Tang Liu

The indoor microbiome significantly influences resident health, particularly in densely populated environments like student dormitories. These settings are influenced by both architectural design and seasonal variations, both of which subsequently affect the dynamics of microbial communities and the occurrence of potential pathogens. However, little is known about how architectural features influence dormitory microorganisms across different seasons in hot-humid climates. In this study, 96 samples were collected from dormitories in Shenzhen with varying architectural characteristics across both dry and wet seasons. 16S rRNA sequencing identified 14,156 high-quality amplicon sequence variants. Dormitories, incorporating commercial shops on the first floor, enhanced human activity and external microbial input, exhibited higher Shannon diversity and richness. Conversely, reduced openness and living spaces were correlated with a higher abundance of potential pathogens. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling indicated microbial dynamics were jointly driven by seasons and architecture, with Procrustes analysis showing strong congruence between pathogenic and total microbial communities. Structural equation modeling indicated that design factors and seasonal changes jointly regulated potential pathogenic abundance. During the dry season, dormitory openness (DO) and sunshade construction length mainly affected the pathogen via illuminance. In the wet season, DO and per capita living area significantly impacted pathogens by affecting relative humidity. Null and neutral models showed stochastic processes dominated microbial assembly, especially among pathogens. Modularity analyses revealed stronger clustering within pathogenic bacteria promoting persistence and spread. Pathogen variation was greater across architectural features than between seasons. Overall, architectural design critically shaped indoor microbiomes and potential health risks, underscoring its role in developing healthier building strategies.

室内微生物组显著影响居民健康，特别是在学生宿舍等人口密集的环境中。这些环境受到建筑设计和季节变化的影响，这两者随后都会影响微生物群落的动态和潜在病原体的发生。然而，在湿热气候下，建筑特征对宿舍微生物在不同季节的影响却知之甚少。在本研究中，从深圳的宿舍中收集了96个样本，这些样本在干湿季节具有不同的建筑特征。16S rRNA测序鉴定出14156个高质量扩增子序列变体。宿舍楼一楼设有商业商店，人类活动和外部微生物输入增强，Shannon多样性和丰富度更高。相反，减少开放和生活空间与潜在病原体的高丰度相关。非度量多维尺度表明，季节和建筑共同驱动微生物动态，Procrustes分析显示病原微生物群落和总微生物群落之间具有很强的一致性。结构方程模型表明，设计因素和季节变化共同调控潜在致病性丰度。在旱季，宿舍开放度和遮阳结构长度主要通过照度影响病原菌。在雨季，DO和人均居住面积通过影响相对湿度显著影响病原菌。零和中性模型显示随机过程主导微生物组装，特别是在病原体中。模块化分析显示，病原菌内部的聚类更强，促进了持久性和传播。病原菌在不同建筑特征间的变异大于季节间的变异。总体而言，建筑设计至关重要地塑造了室内微生物群和潜在的健康风险，强调了其在制定更健康的建筑策略中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating near-wall contaminant exposure in industrial plants via local swirling-flow ventilation system 通过局部旋流通风系统减轻工业厂房近壁污染物暴露

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114261

Yifan An, Yonggang Lei, Baocun Du, Chongfang Song, Wuxuan Pan

Vortex-flow ventilation systems have demonstrated substantial potential for contaminant control and energy efficiency in industrial environments. However, their performance deteriorates when addressing near-wall contaminant sources, which restricts wider applications. To overcome this limitation, a novel local swirling-flow (LSF) ventilation system was developed and evaluated. The system was evaluated through a 1:50 scale model experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Key geometric and operational parameters—including the rectangular cylinder (bluff body) width and offset, exhaust outlet position, and airflow rate—were systematically investigated using dimensionless analysis and orthogonal testing. The swirl strength criterion was employed to accurately identify vortex regions, ensuring reliable assessment of vortex stability and contaminant capture. Results indicate that the rectangular cylinder width, lateral offset, and exhaust outlet location are the dominant factors controlling the effective contaminant capture area (A_eff). Optimal performance is achieved with a non-dimensional cylinder offset of 0.5 and the exhaust outlet adjacent to the narrow-side supply jet. Reduced cylinder thickness enhances vortex formation and stability, while airflow rate exhibits a non-monotonic effect: moderate increases improve A_eff, whereas excessive airflow rate can destabilize the columnar swirling-flow and facilitate contminant escape. These findings not only provide practical design guidelines for near-wall contaminant control but also demonstrate the methodological and application novelty of the LSF ventilation system, extending the applicability of vortex-based ventilation in industrial workshops.

涡流通风系统在工业环境中的污染物控制和能源效率方面已经证明了巨大的潜力。然而，当处理近壁污染源时，它们的性能会下降，这限制了它们的广泛应用。为了克服这一限制，开发并评估了一种新型的局部旋流通风系统。通过1:50比例模型实验和三维数值模拟对该系统进行了评价。关键的几何和操作参数，包括矩形圆柱（钝体）的宽度和偏移量，排气口的位置，以及气流速率，系统地研究了无因次分析和正交试验。采用涡流强度准则准确识别涡流区域，保证了涡流稳定性和污染物捕获的可靠评估。结果表明，矩形柱体宽度、横向偏移量和排气口位置是控制有效污染物捕获面积（Aeff）的主要因素。最佳性能是实现无量纲圆柱偏移0.5和排气口相邻的窄侧供应射流。减小柱体厚度有利于涡流的形成和稳定，而气流速率表现出非单调效应：适度增大可改善Aeff，而过大的气流速率会破坏柱状旋流的稳定性，有利于污染物的逸出。这些发现不仅为近壁污染物控制提供了实用的设计指南，而且还展示了LSF通风系统的方法和应用新颖性，扩展了涡流通风在工业车间的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Ten questions concerning Large Language Models (LLMs) for building applications 关于构建应用程序的大型语言模型（llm）的十个问题

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114260

Nan Ma , Rania Labib , Robert Amor , Adrian Chong , Cheng Fan , Kasimir Forth , Xiaoqin Fu , Stefan Fuchs , Tianzhen Hong , Nina Klimenkova , Jabeom Koo , Shundong Li , Steven Tanner McCullough , June Young Park , Roee Shraga , Sungmin Yoon , Liang Zhang , Yiting Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful AI tools capable of transforming how building information is collected, processed, analyzed, and applied across diverse research areas. Their capabilities can help building operators, facility managers and other stakeholders such as designers, architects and engineers by providing actionable insights for decision-making across planning, construction, operations, and maintenance of buildings and facilities. This paper explores ten key questions concerning the role of LLMs in shaping sustainable, intelligent, and human-centric buildings. From fundamental definitions to advanced applications, we examine how LLMs facilitate decision-making across the life cycle of buildings and energy systems. LLMs can enhance life cycle assessments (LCA), building energy simulations, and real-time data integration, empowering more efficient and adaptive human-AI environments. They can also contribute to streamlining regulatory compliance, improving post-occupancy evaluations, and fostering more inclusive and participatory design processes. Additionally, this paper addresses the ethical challenges posed by LLMs, such as bias, data privacy, and environmental impacts, and explores their potentials in advancing intelligent digital twins (DT) for ongoing building operations and maintenance. Built upon our applied research using LLMs and the review of tools, datasets, and research gaps, we provide a forward-looking perspective on how LLMs can drive innovation, collaboration, and productivity in the built environment while supporting ethical and effective implementation.

大型语言模型（llm）正在成为强大的人工智能工具，能够改变建筑信息在不同研究领域的收集、处理、分析和应用方式。他们的能力可以帮助建筑运营商、设施管理者和其他利益相关者，如设计师、建筑师和工程师，为建筑和设施的规划、建设、运营和维护决策提供可操作的见解。本文探讨了法学硕士在塑造可持续、智能和以人为中心的建筑中的作用的十个关键问题。从基本定义到高级应用，我们研究法学硕士如何促进整个建筑和能源系统生命周期的决策。法学硕士可以增强生命周期评估（LCA）、建筑能源模拟和实时数据集成，从而实现更高效和自适应的人类-人工智能环境。它们还有助于简化法规遵从，改善入住后评估，促进更具包容性和参与性的设计过程。此外，本文还探讨了法学硕士带来的伦理挑战，如偏见、数据隐私和环境影响，并探讨了法学硕士在推进智能数字孪生（DT）进行建筑运营和维护方面的潜力。基于我们使用法学硕士的应用研究以及对工具，数据集和研究差距的审查，我们提供了一个前瞻性的视角，说明法学硕士如何在建筑环境中推动创新，协作和生产力，同时支持道德和有效的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Dimensionless design rule for size-independent domains in 2D CFD simulations of nanofiber filter pressure drop 纳米纤维过滤器压降二维CFD模拟中尺寸无关域的无因次设计准则

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114258

Taehyun Choi , Jae Hee Jung , Dahun Jeong , Sunguk Shin , Gwangok Choi , Ki Joon Heo

While 2D computational modeling can be an effective tool for predicting the pressure drop in nanofiber air filters, its accuracy depends heavily on the size and configuration of the simulation domain. Despite the widespread use of 2D modeling, generalized guidelines for constructing size-independent domains that consider the randomness of fibers remain lacking. Herein, we propose a dimensionless design rule for establishing size-independent domains to simulate 2D nanofiber filter models, with the fiber diameter as a reference parameter. A comprehensive computational analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of domain thickness, packing density, and number of fibers on the predicted pressure drop. The results reveal the existence of a minimum dimensionless domain height (

H_{m}^{*}

) for ensuring statistically independent simulation outcomes. Over the investigated dimensionless domain thickness (L*) range of 15

\leq

L*

\leq

400,

H_{m}^{*}

is inversely proportional to both the L* and the packing density of the filter (α), i.e.,

H_{m}^{*} = \frac{749.2}{α} {(L^{*})}^{- 0.744}

. This correlation constitutes a unified and scalable design rule applicable to a wide range of nanofiber filter configurations. The proposed methodology provides a practical framework for constructing size-independent 2D simulation domains, thereby improving the reliability of CFD-based pressure drop predictions and facilitating their broader application in research on fibrous media.

虽然二维计算模型是预测纳米纤维空气过滤器压降的有效工具，但其准确性在很大程度上取决于模拟域的大小和结构。尽管二维建模被广泛使用，但构建考虑纤维随机性的尺寸无关域的通用指南仍然缺乏。本文以纳米纤维直径为参考参数，提出了一种建立尺寸无关域的无量纲设计规则来模拟二维纳米纤维滤波器模型。综合计算分析了区域厚度、填充密度和纤维数量对预测压降的影响。结果表明，存在一个最小的无量纲域高度（Hm*），以确保统计独立的模拟结果。在15≤L*≤400的无因次域厚度（L*）范围内，Hm*与滤波器的L*和填料密度（α）成反比，即Hm*=749.2α(L*)−0.744。这种相关性构成了一个统一的、可扩展的设计规则，适用于广泛的纳米纤维过滤器配置。所提出的方法为构建与尺寸无关的二维模拟域提供了实用框架，从而提高了基于cfd的压降预测的可靠性，并促进了其在纤维介质研究中的更广泛应用。

{"title":"Dimensionless design rule for size-independent domains in 2D CFD simulations of nanofiber filter pressure drop","authors":"Taehyun Choi , Jae Hee Jung , Dahun Jeong , Sunguk Shin , Gwangok Choi , Ki Joon Heo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While 2D computational modeling can be an effective tool for predicting the pressure drop in nanofiber air filters, its accuracy depends heavily on the size and configuration of the simulation domain. Despite the widespread use of 2D modeling, generalized guidelines for constructing size-independent domains that consider the randomness of fibers remain lacking. Herein, we propose a dimensionless design rule for establishing size-independent domains to simulate 2D nanofiber filter models, with the fiber diameter as a reference parameter. A comprehensive computational analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of domain thickness, packing density, and number of fibers on the predicted pressure drop. The results reveal the existence of a minimum dimensionless domain height (<span><math><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span>) for ensuring statistically independent simulation outcomes. Over the investigated dimensionless domain thickness (<em>L</em>*) range of 15 <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>≤</mo></mrow></math></span> <em>L*</em> <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 400, <span><math><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span> is inversely proportional to both the <em>L</em>* and the packing density of the filter (<em>α</em>), i.e., <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>749.2</mn></mrow><mi>α</mi></mfrac><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.744</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. This correlation constitutes a unified and scalable design rule applicable to a wide range of nanofiber filter configurations. The proposed methodology provides a practical framework for constructing size-independent 2D simulation domains, thereby improving the reliability of CFD-based pressure drop predictions and facilitating their broader application in research on fibrous media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114258"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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