Building and Environment最新文献_第3页

Mechanisms of energy efficiency of supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment with exhaust and return vents isolated by supply vent 排回风口与送风口隔离的送风动量驱动分层热环境的能效机制

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112332

Xia Zhang , Mengqi Jiang , Longxia Ma , Sheng Zhang , Zhaosong Fang , Yongjun Sun , Zhang Lin

The exhaust-return air decoupled strategy using high-temperature and low-temperature air as exhaust and return air, respectively, can effectively reduce the cooling load of the thermal buoyancy-driven stratified thermal environment. However, there is no exhaust-return air decoupled strategy for the other type of stratified thermal environments, i.e., the supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment represented by stratum ventilation. This study uses experimentally validated CFD simulations to investigate the mechanisms behind the energy efficiency of the proposed decoupled strategy for the supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment. According to the thermal stratification characteristics of stratum ventilation, the proposed decoupled strategy positions the exhaust and return vents above and below the supply vent, respectively. The mechanisms of energy efficiency due to the decoupled strategy are revealed and compared with two typical coupled strategies of stratum ventilation (the upper coupled strategy and the lower coupled strategy with the shared vents of the exhaust and return air located above and below the supply vent, respectively). The results show that the decoupled strategy has two major mechanisms impacting energy efficiency, i.e., 1) the positive mechanism lowers the return air temperature relative to the exhaust air temperature to reduce the cooling load of the return air; and 2) the negative mechanism with the upper vent drags the supply air up to the unoccupied zone, lowering air supply efficiency. With mechanism manipulation, the decoupled strategy saves energy by 30.7% and 21.3% compared with the upper and lower coupled strategies, respectively.

采用高温和低温空气分别作为排风和回风的排回风解耦策略，可以有效降低热浮力驱动分层热环境的冷负荷。而对于另一种分层热环境，即以地层通风为代表的供给动量驱动的分层热环境，则不存在排回风解耦策略。本研究使用经过实验验证的CFD模拟来研究在供应动量驱动的分层热环境中所提出的解耦策略的能源效率背后的机制。根据地层通风的热分层特点，提出的解耦策略将排风口和回风口分别置于送风风口的上方和下方。揭示了解耦策略的节能机制，并与两种典型的地层通风耦合策略（上层耦合策略和下层耦合策略，排回风共用通风口分别位于送风通风口的上方和下方）进行了比较。结果表明，解耦策略对能效的影响主要有两种机制：1)积极机制是降低回风温度相对于排风温度，降低回风冷负荷；2)上排气孔的负机构将送风向上拉至空区，降低送风效率。在机构操纵下，与上下耦合策略相比，解耦策略分别节能30.7%和21.3%。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating different working protocols in freezing chambers through a thermophysiological model 通过热生理学模型评估冷冻室中的不同工作方案

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112331

A.M. Raimundo , A.V.M. Oliveira

Working in freezing chambers involves alternating between very cold and warm environments, posing health and safety risks. Despite this, human thermophysiological responses in such conditions are under-assessed. This study evaluates cold stress in freezing chambers using field measurements and a thermophysiological model. Useful guidelines for improvement of protective clothing and of working periods in both environments are provided.

The field study reveals that workers’ clothing often lacks sufficient insulation, risking whole-body cooling. The thermoregulation model is used to compare the current most often working conditions in freezing chambers with four other scenarios where more appropriate clothing or exposure times are employed. For instance, to maintain current exposure times, basic clothing insulation must increase from 0.24 to 0.35 m² K W^-1 (from ≈ 1.6 to ≈ 2.3 clo). Alternatively, with existing clothing, cold exposure should be limited to 18 minutes and warm exposure must be at least 18 min.

在冷冻室中工作需要在极冷和极暖的环境中交替进行，因此存在健康和安全风险。尽管如此，人类在这种条件下的热生理反应仍未得到充分评估。本研究利用现场测量和热生理学模型对冷冻室中的冷应激进行了评估。实地研究表明，工人的服装往往缺乏足够的隔热性，有可能导致全身降温。体温调节模型用于比较目前最常见的冷冻室工作条件和其他四种采用更合适的服装或暴露时间的情况。例如，要保持当前的暴露时间，基本的衣物隔热性必须从 0.24 m2 K W-1 增加到 0.35 m2 K W-1（从 ≈ 1.6 clo 增加到 ≈ 2.3 clo）。或者，在现有衣物的情况下，冷暴露时间应限制在 18 分钟，热暴露时间必须至少 18 分钟。

引用次数: 0

Outdoor thermal comfort of urban plaza space under thermoacoustic interactions –Taking Datang Everbright City as an example 热声相互作用下城市广场空间室外热舒适性研究——以大唐光大城为例

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112327

Meng Zhen , Xinyi Yuan , Liqiang Gao , Weijie Xia , Kai Nan , Ming Zhang

The comfort of urban square environments in terms of thermal and acoustic conditions directly influences the quality of people's travel experiences and their overall well-being. This study, represented by Xi'an Datang Everbright City, investigates the impact of thermal-acoustic environments on human comfort in cold regions of China. Four typical spaces within the city square were selected for meteorological measurements and subjective questionnaire surveys to gauge the thermal perception of active crowds. Using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) as a thermal benchmark, the study compares the interaction between thermal conditions and acoustic environments. Results indicate that the neutral UTCI in Xi'an urban squares is 14.9 °C, with a neutral UTCI range of 10.8∼19.0 °C and a preferred temperature of 17.1 °C. Positive types of sounds moderately reduce thermal sensation. Moderate environmental sounds alleviate thermal discomfort to some extent among respondents. In environments such as birdsong and flowing water, people prefer higher temperatures, thereby increasing thermal tolerance. Conversely, in noise from traffic or construction, individuals prefer lower temperatures, reducing their thermal tolerance. In environments with broadcasts or conversations, respondents exhibit slightly higher thermal tolerance compared to the average neutral temperature. Finally, based on meteorological characteristics at different survey points and respondent feedback, optimization strategies for design are proposed.

城市广场环境在热和声学条件方面的舒适度直接影响人们的旅行体验质量和整体幸福感。本研究以西安大唐光大为代表，研究了中国寒区热声环境对人体舒适度的影响。选择城市广场内的四个典型空间进行气象测量和主观问卷调查，以衡量活跃人群的热感知。该研究使用通用热气候指数（UTCI）作为热基准，比较了热条件和声环境之间的相互作用。结果表明，西安城市广场中性UTCI为14.9°C，中性UTCI范围为10.8 ~ 19.0°C，首选温度为17.1°C。积极类型的声音适度地减少热感觉。适度的环境声音在一定程度上缓解了受访者的热不适。在鸟鸣和流水的环境中，人们喜欢较高的温度，从而提高热耐受性。相反，在交通或建筑噪音中，个体更喜欢较低的温度，从而降低了他们的热耐受性。在有广播或谈话的环境中，与平均中性温度相比，应答者表现出稍高的热耐受性。最后，根据不同测点的气象特征和被调查者的反馈，提出了优化设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Parental stress and environmental influences on children's physician-diagnosed food allergy 父母压力和环境对医生诊断儿童食物过敏的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112328

Chan Lu , Ying Jiang , Lin Wang , Mengju Lan , Faming Wang

Previous research has linked stress and environmental factors to first-wave allergies (i.e., asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema), but their individual and combined effects on second-wave allergies (i.e., food allergies, including conditions such as egg, and milk allergies) remain unknown. We aim to investigate the effects of parental stress and its interaction with environmental factors on childhood physician-diagnosed food allergies (PFA). In Changsha (China), we performed a mixed cross-sectional and retrospective cohort investigation. we gather data on each preschooler's health status, parental stress, and living environment through questionnaires. Temperature and air pollutant exposures were calculated using inverse distance weighting methods. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine relations pf PFA relates with parental stress, indoor and outdoor pollutants and allergens. We found that high/middle education and gross annual income were associated with total PFA (ORs [95% CI] = 1.89 [1.52–2.36] and 1.23 [1.01–1.50]) and other types of PFAs, while high psychological stress (fatigue, headache, and inattention) increased PFA risk (1.59 [1.34–1.90], 1.35 [1.18–1.55], and 1.41 [1.23–1.62]). Families experiencing higher economic stress reported higher PFA risk of blooming and non-blooming plants in first year. The PFA risk of mould and mildew stains in utero and the first year was higher in families with parental inattention. ORs of PFA due to PM_2.5–10 and PM₁₀ during the second trimester were higher in families with high parental social stress. PFA risk of PM_2.5 in the late preconceptional and entire postnatal periods was higher in families with parental fatigue, headache, and inattention. We suggest parental stress independently and interplayed with indoor and outdoor environmental pollution and allergens, increases risk of childhood PFA.

以往的研究已将压力和环境因素与第一波过敏（即哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹）联系起来，但它们对第二波过敏（即食物过敏，包括鸡蛋和牛奶过敏）的单独影响和综合影响仍然未知。我们旨在研究父母压力及其与环境因素的相互作用对儿童经医生诊断的食物过敏（PFA）的影响。我们在长沙（中国）进行了一项横断面和回顾性队列混合调查。我们通过问卷调查收集了每个学龄前儿童的健康状况、父母压力和生活环境的数据。采用反距离加权法计算温度和空气污染物暴露量。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来研究 PFA 与父母压力、室内外污染物和过敏原的关系。我们发现，高/中等教育程度和年总收入与总 PFA（ORs [95% CI] = 1.89 [1.52-2.36] 和 1.23 [1.01-1.50]）和其他类型的 PFA 相关，而高心理压力（疲劳、头痛和注意力不集中）会增加 PFA 风险（1.59 [1.34-1.90]、1.35 [1.18-1.55] 和 1.41 [1.23-1.62]）。经济压力较大的家庭第一年种植开花和不开花植物的 PFA 风险较高。在父母注意力不集中的家庭中，胎儿期和第一年出现霉斑的 PFA 风险较高。在父母社会压力大的家庭中，怀孕后三个月内PM2.5-10和PM10导致的PFA的OR值较高。在父母疲劳、头痛和注意力不集中的家庭中，孕前晚期和整个产后期间PM2.5导致的PFA风险较高。我们认为，父母的压力与室内外环境污染和过敏原相互作用，会增加儿童患 PFA 的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Occupant-centric zoning design framework for flexible workplaces: Impact of occupancy modeling and building operation 针对灵活工作场所的以占用者为中心的分区设计框架：占用模型和建筑运行的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112294

Eikichi Ono , Adrian Chong , Khee Poh Lam

Flexible workplaces offer the potential to enhance occupants’ thermal comfort and building energy performance through space selectivity. However, the effects of occupants’ space selection on optimal zoning layouts and the resulting operational performance remain underexplored. This study investigates an occupant-centric zoning design framework, focusing on the influence of occupancy modeling and building operation. We analyzed three scenarios in a retrofit building project: zone-level schedule, agent-based model (ABM) with occupant-centric control (OCC), and ABM with OCC and an elastic comfort-driven workplace strategy, in which occupants choose a space with a preferable thermal condition and a space opens only when an additional workspace demand occurs. The results showed that combining ABM with OCC and the workplace strategy resulted in more feasible solutions with unique zoning layouts, including thermal conditions. In contrast, the layouts generated by ABM with OCC, without the workplace strategy, showed an excess sensitivity to input data and controls, suggesting that ABM might not perform well when not introducing an appropriate context into the design problem. Additionally, ABM with OCC and the workplace strategy achieved a 6

%

–8

%

increase in the percentage of comfortable occupants while reducing the building energy usage by 9

%

–13

%

, highlighting the considerable potential of flexible workplaces to improve thermal comfort and building energy performance beyond the constraints of zone-level HVAC control. The findings emphasize the critical role of considering the interaction between occupants, zoning layout, and building operation when designing flexible workplaces from an occupant-centric perspective.

灵活的工作场所有可能通过空间选择性提高使用者的热舒适度和建筑能效。然而，对于使用者的空间选择对最佳分区布局以及由此产生的运行性能的影响，研究仍然不足。本研究探讨了以居住者为中心的分区设计框架，重点关注居住建模和建筑运行的影响。我们在一个改造建筑项目中分析了三种方案：分区计划、基于代理的模型（ABM）与以占用者为中心的控制（OCC），以及基于代理的模型与 OCC 和弹性舒适驱动的工作场所策略。结果表明，将 ABM 与 OCC 和工作场所策略相结合，可以产生更多具有独特分区布局（包括热条件）的可行解决方案。与此相反，在不考虑工作场所策略的情况下，采用 OCC 的 ABM 生成的布局对输入数据和控制表现出过高的敏感性，这表明如果不在设计问题中引入适当的背景，ABM 可能无法很好地发挥作用。此外，采用 OCC 和工作场所策略的 ABM 使舒适居住者的比例提高了 6%-8%，同时使建筑能耗降低了 9%-13%，这凸显了灵活工作场所在改善热舒适度和建筑能耗性能方面的巨大潜力，超越了区域级暖通空调控制的限制。研究结果强调了从以居住者为中心的角度设计灵活工作场所时，考虑居住者、分区布局和建筑运行之间的相互作用的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Rocks and walls: Biodiversity and temperature regulation of natural cliffs and vertical greenery systems 岩石和墙壁天然悬崖和垂直绿化系统的生物多样性和温度调节

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112308

Katharina Hecht , Leanne Haan , Han A.B. Wösten , Perrine Hamel , Saloni Swaminathan , Anuj Jain

Loss of natural habitats and increased human activity results in warming up of cities and a reduced biodiversity. Vertical greenery systems (VGSs) have been proposed to mitigate rising temperatures and the loss of biodiversity. So far, studies on existing VGSs have only analysed a single ecosystem service and their performance has not been compared to that of their natural counterparts. Here, air and surface temperature measurements as well as biodiversity observations were conducted on two different types of existing VGSs (climber, foliage) on buildings in Singapore and compared to non-vegetated building walls and vegetated natural cliffs. Our results show that VGSs act as temperature buffer creating a cooling layer towards the building wall during the day and a warming layer during the night. Furthermore, VGSs host significantly more animals than non-vegetated walls, however, VGS have less animals than vegetated natural cliffs. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the amount of surrounding vegetation (green cover, tree density within 10 m of VGS), thickness of vegetation, plant richness on VGS and biodiversity observed on VGSs. Together, VGSs not only contribute with their aesthetics but can also be used to regulate daytime temperature in a tropical city like Singapore and to mitigate, at least in part, the loss of habitat for biodiversity.

自然栖息地的丧失和人类活动的增加导致城市气温升高，生物多样性减少。人们提出了垂直绿化系统（VGSs）来缓解气温升高和生物多样性的丧失。迄今为止，对现有垂直绿化系统的研究只分析了单一的生态系统服务，还没有将其性能与其自然同类系统进行比较。在此，我们对新加坡建筑物上两种不同类型的现有 VGS（攀缘植物、叶片）进行了空气和表面温度测量以及生物多样性观测，并将其与无植被的建筑物墙壁和有植被的自然悬崖进行了比较。我们的研究结果表明，VGS 起到了温度缓冲作用，在白天向建筑墙壁形成冷却层，在夜间形成温暖层。此外，VGS 容纳的动物明显多于无植被墙壁，但 VGS 容纳的动物却少于有植被的天然悬崖。此外，研究还发现，周围植被的数量（绿色覆盖率、VGS 10 米范围内的树木密度）、植被的厚度、VGS 上植物的丰富程度与 VGS 上观察到的生物多样性之间存在正相关。总之，在新加坡这样的热带城市，VGS 不仅可以美化环境，还可以用来调节白天的温度，至少可以部分缓解生物多样性栖息地的丧失。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of adjacent urban morphology on street temperature: A multisource analysis using random forest and SHAP 评估邻近城市形态对街道温度的影响：利用随机森林和 SHAP 进行多源分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112326

Sijie Zhu , Yu Yan , Bing Zhao , Hui Wang

Urbanization has significantly transformed land use patterns, intensifying environmental challenges such as the urban heat island (UHI) effect and increasing health risks in urban public spaces. Urban streets, as vital public spaces, frequently experience heat accumulation during summer due to various environmental factors. Existing research has focused primarily on microscale case studies, leaving the broader impact on adjacent areas unclear. Therefore, this study examines the influence of morphology features within street-adjacent buffers on street temperatures in Nanjing, China, utilizing multisource data and machine learning. The random forest algorithm, combined with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) interpretation, was applied to analyze the impact of adjacent street morphological features on the land surface temperature (LST) of streets. The results suggest that greenery, buildings, and surface morphology features within street-adjacent buffers are crucial in regulating street temperatures. Furthermore, this study explains the variations in the factors influencing the thermal environments of different typical street types via K-means clustering analysis. The findings offer insights for sustainable urban planning strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heat and enhancing thermal comfort in urban pedestrian spaces.

城市化极大地改变了土地利用模式，加剧了城市热岛效应等环境挑战，增加了城市公共空间的健康风险。城市街道作为重要的公共空间，由于各种环境因素的影响，夏季经常出现热量积聚现象。现有的研究主要集中在微观范围内的案例研究，对邻近地区的广泛影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究利用多源数据和机器学习技术，研究了中国南京街道相邻缓冲区内的形态特征对街道温度的影响。研究采用随机森林算法，结合夏普利加法解释（SHAP），分析了街道相邻区域形态特征对街道地表温度（LST）的影响。结果表明，街道相邻缓冲区内的绿化、建筑和地表形态特征对调节街道温度至关重要。此外，本研究还通过 K-均值聚类分析解释了影响不同典型街道热环境因素的差异。研究结果为可持续的城市规划策略提供了启示，这些策略旨在缓解极端高温并提高城市步行空间的热舒适度。

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引用次数: 0

A simulation study on building-scale strategies for urban heat island mitigation and building energy consumption: Case study in Japan 城市热岛缓解和建筑能耗的建筑尺度策略模拟研究：以日本为例

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112311

Feifei Dong, Takashi Asawa

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and high building energy consumption are increasingly being associated with urbanization. Various strategies have been proposed for UHI mitigation and energy conservation in buildings. Nonetheless, the combined effects of the multiple strategies must be studied. This study clarifies the individual and combined effects of commonly used building-scale strategies (i.e., replacing ground materials, adding greenery, adjusting window-to-wall ratios, using high-performance glazing, increasing insulation thickness in the building envelope, changing roof surfaces, and adjusting air-conditioning operating temperatures) on UHI mitigation and building energy consumption reduction in both summer and winter. The selected strategies were implemented in a city block in Yokohama, Japan using a surface energy balance (SEB) simulation model. The simulation results demonstrated that planting tall deciduous trees was the most effective individual strategy for mitigating UHI and reducing energy consumption. While the highest UHI mitigation and energy savings were achieved by implementing all tested strategies simultaneously, a combination of water-retaining pavement, adjusting the air-conditioning operating temperature (28 °C in summer and 20 °C in winter), and a 100 mm insulation layer in the building envelope along with a green roof, demonstrated substantial effectiveness with fewer strategies. The interactions among these strategies provided either additive or offset effects. Therefore, selecting strategies with distinct action targets is crucial to maximize the combined effectiveness.

城市热岛现象和建筑高能耗越来越多地与城市化联系在一起。已经提出了各种缓解热岛影响和建筑物节能的战略。然而，必须研究多种策略的综合效应。本研究阐明了常用的建筑尺度策略（即更换地面材料、增加绿化、调整窗墙比、使用高性能玻璃、增加建筑围护结构的隔热厚度、改变屋顶表面和调整空调运行温度）在夏季和冬季缓解城市热岛和降低建筑能耗方面的单独和综合效果。所选择的策略在日本横滨的一个城市街区实施，使用表面能量平衡（SEB）模拟模型。模拟结果表明，种植高大的落叶乔木是缓解城市热岛和降低能耗的最有效的个体策略。虽然通过同时实施所有测试策略，达到了最大的热岛缓解和节能效果，但防水路面、调节空调运行温度（夏季28°C，冬季20°C）、建筑围护结构中100毫米保温层和绿色屋顶的组合，在较少的策略下显示出了显著的效果。这些策略之间的相互作用提供了叠加或抵消效应。因此，选择具有明确行动目标的策略是实现联合效果最大化的关键。

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引用次数: 0

A study of gust wind speed using a novel unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model 利用新型非稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯模型对阵风风速的研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112323

Xiangyan Chen, Takeshi Ishihara

In this study, a novel unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model is proposed in conjunction with a prespecified averaging time and turbulent inflow, and a new peak factor that considers the effect of averaging time used in URANS is derived to calculate gust wind speed. Firstly, the URANS incorporated with a prespecified averaging time and turbulent inflow is proposed to predict the time series of wind speed over flat terrain and investigate the variation of higher-order moments and zero-crossing rate at which the fluctuating wind speed changes algebraic sign with the averaging time. The predicted higher-order moments are less sensitive to the averaging time, but the predicted zero-crossing rate slightly decrease with increasing the averaging time due to the moving average effect. Secondly, a new peak factor is proposed to consider the averaging time. Finally, the gust wind speeds over flat terrain and around a single building predicted using the proposed URANS and the new peak factor based on the Hermite model are found to be in good agreement with the LES results, while those predicted by the conventional models deviate more from the LES results.

本研究提出了一种新型非稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（URANS）模型，该模型与预先指定的平均时间和湍流流入相结合，并推导出一种考虑了 URANS 中使用的平均时间影响的新峰值因子，用于计算阵风风速。首先，提出了结合预设平均时间和湍流流入的 URANS 预测平坦地形上的风速时间序列，并研究了波动风速随平均时间代数符号变化的高阶矩和过零率的变化。预测的高阶矩对平均时间的敏感度较低，但由于移动平均效应，预测的过零率随平均时间的增加而略有下降。其次，提出了一个新的峰值因子来考虑平均时间。最后，使用基于 Hermite 模型的 URANS 和新峰值因子预测的平坦地形上和单栋建筑物周围的阵风风速与 LES 结果非常吻合，而传统模型预测的阵风风速与 LES 结果偏差较大。

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引用次数: 0

Uncertainty-aware surrogate modeling for urban air pollutant dispersion prediction 用于城市空气污染物扩散预测的不确定性感知代用模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112287

Eliott Lumet , Mélanie C. Rochoux , Thomas Jaravel , Simon Lacroix

This study evaluates a surrogate modeling approach that provides rapid ensemble predictions of air pollutant dispersion in urban environments for varying meteorological forcing, while estimating irreducible and modeling uncertainties. The POD–GPR approach combining Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is applied to emulate the response surface of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) field-scale experiment. We design and validate new methods for (i) selecting the POD-latent space dimension to avoid overfitting noisy structures due to atmospheric internal variability, and (ii) estimating the uncertainty in POD–GPR predictions. To train and validate the POD–GPR surrogate in an offline phase, we build a large dataset of 200 LES 3-D time-averaged concentration fields, which are subject to substantial spatial variability from near-source to background concentration and have a very large dimension of several million grid cells. The results show that POD–GPR reaches the best achievable accuracy levels, except for the highest concentration near the source, while predicting full fields at a computational cost five orders of magnitude lower than an LES. The results also show that the proposed mode selection criterion avoids perturbing the surrogate response surface, and that the uncertainty estimate explains a large part of the surrogate error and is spatially consistent with the observed internal variability. Finally, POD–GPR can be robustly trained with much smaller datasets, paving the way for application to realistic urban configurations.

本研究评估了一种代用建模方法，该方法可在估算不可还原性和建模不确定性的同时，针对不同气象强迫对城市环境中的空气污染物扩散进行快速集合预测。结合适当正交分解（POD）和高斯过程回归（GPR）的 POD-GPR 方法被用于模拟模拟城市环境测试（MUST）现场规模实验的大尺度模拟（LES）模型的响应面。我们设计并验证了以下新方法：(i) 选择 POD 潜伏空间维度，以避免因大气内部变异而过度拟合噪声结构；(ii) 估算 POD-GPR 预测的不确定性。为了在离线阶段训练和验证 POD-GPR 代理，我们建立了一个包含 200 个 LES 三维时间平均浓度场的大型数据集。结果表明，POD-GPR 达到了可实现的最佳精度水平，除了源附近的最高浓度，同时预测全场的计算成本比 LES 低五个数量级。结果还表明，所提出的模式选择标准避免了对代理响应面的扰动，不确定性估计值解释了大部分代理误差，并且在空间上与观测到的内部变异性相一致。最后，POD-GPR 可以使用更小的数据集进行稳健训练，为应用于现实城市配置铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0