Building and Environment最新文献_第3页

Selection and performance evaluation of roof materials in arid oasis cities: The advantages of white polymer materials 干旱绿洲城市屋顶材料的选择和性能评估：白色聚合物材料的优势

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112282

Wentao Fu , Yaohua Li , Ümüt Halik , Aolei Tian , Ailiya Ainiwaer , Yuying Liu , Zhicheng Wei , Lei Shi , Martin Welp

Selecting the appropriate roofing material is crucial for addressing the urban heat island effects. However, uncertainty remains regarding the best roofing material for improving subsurface cooling during hot summers in temperate continental arid climates. Comparative studies on different roof materials under various climatic conditions are essential to determine the most effective heat mitigation strategies for arid oasis cities. We present a conceptual model to examine the relationship between roofing materials and their thermal mitigation capabilities in arid regions during hot summers, while assessing the influence of climate factors on their cooling performance. An experiment in Urumqi evaluated the subsurface heat mitigation capabilities of four roofing materials: white polymer materials (WPM), sod (SOD), asphalt (ASP), and solar photovoltaic panels (SPP). The results showed that the WPM provided the most effective subsurface cooling. Compared with SOD, ASP, and SPP, WPM showed the lowest subsurface temperature. Notably, the subsurface temperature of the WPM was minimally affected by climatic factors and showed no correlation with solar radiation intensity, precipitation, and cloudiness (P > 0.05), highlighting its superior cooling performance. WPM roofs are recommended for heat mitigation during hot summers in arid oasis cities owing to their low maintenance costs, ecological benefits, and superior cooling performance. This study highlights the subsurface cooling capabilities of various roofing materials and their interaction with climatic factors and provides valuable insights for heat mitigation strategies in arid regions.

选择合适的屋顶材料对于解决城市热岛效应至关重要。然而，在温带大陆性干旱气候条件下，改善炎热夏季地下降温的最佳屋顶材料仍然存在不确定性。对不同气候条件下的不同屋顶材料进行比较研究，对于确定干旱绿洲城市最有效的热量减缓策略至关重要。我们提出了一个概念模型，用于研究干旱地区炎热夏季屋顶材料与其热减缓能力之间的关系，同时评估气候因素对其降温性能的影响。在乌鲁木齐进行的一项实验评估了四种屋顶材料的地下热减缓能力：白色聚合物材料（WPM）、草皮（SOD）、沥青（ASP）和太阳能光伏板（SPP）。结果表明，WPM 提供的次表层冷却效果最好。与 SOD、ASP 和 SPP 相比，WPM 的地表下温度最低。值得注意的是，WPM 的地表下温度受气候因素的影响极小，与太阳辐射强度、降水量和云量没有相关性（P > 0.05），这突出表明了其卓越的冷却性能。由于维护成本低、生态效益好、冷却性能优越，建议在干旱绿洲城市的炎热夏季使用 WPM 屋顶来缓解热量。这项研究强调了各种屋顶材料的表层下降温能力及其与气候因素的相互作用，为干旱地区的防暑降温策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of soundscape quality of communal open space in Hong Kong 香港公共开放空间声景质量的决定因素

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112261

Minqi LIN , Chi Kwan CHAU , Shiu Keung TANG , Wai Kit CHUNG , Ho Man YU

Soundscape quality of communal open space (COS) in residential housing estates has been less thoroughly investigated. This paper aims to reveal the intricate relationships among physical sound, visual and thermal environments and their respective human perceptions, and soundscape quality, as well as their relative influences. To this end, a path model was formulated with aid of 1749 face-to-face field interview responses collected via questionnaire surveys together with physical measurements at the COS of nine residential housing estates in Hong Kong. The model findings suggested that pleasantness and landscape visual quality, as well as thermal acceptability were the primary drivers for soundscape quality of COS. The size of effects of thermal perceptions on soundscape quality was found comparable to those of aural and visual perceptions. In turn, pleasantness was more influenced by perception of dominant vehicle sound, human sound and birdsong than physical sound properties and psychoacoustics factors. Visual quality of landscape also played an important role on soundscape assessments via visibility of greenery and sky. Besides, thermal acceptability was found to directly influence soundscape assessments instead of thermal comfort or sensation. Above all, our findings provide valuable insights for residential housing estate designers in formulating strategies that can effectively improve soundscape quality in COS in compact city environments.

对住宅小区公共开放空间（COS）的声景质量研究较少。本文旨在揭示物理声音、视觉和热环境及其各自的人类感知与声景质量之间错综复杂的关系，以及它们之间的相对影响。为此，通过问卷调查收集了 1749 份面对面的实地访谈回复，并在香港九个住宅屋苑的 COS 进行了物理测量，从而建立了一个路径模型。模型结果表明，宜人度、景观视觉质量以及热可接受性是影响 COS 声景质量的主要驱动因素。热感知对声景质量的影响大小与听觉和视觉感知的影响大小相当。反过来，与物理声音特性和心理声学因素相比，对主要车辆声音、人类声音和鸟鸣的感知对愉悦度的影响更大。景观的视觉质量也通过绿色植物和天空的可视性对声景观评估起着重要作用。此外，研究还发现热可接受性直接影响声景评估，而不是热舒适度或感觉。总之，我们的研究结果为住宅设计人员提供了宝贵的见解，帮助他们制定策略，有效改善紧凑型城市环境中 COS 的声景质量。

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引用次数: 0

Volumetric drag coefficients for generic urban configurations: Insights from canopy flow analysis 一般城市配置的体积阻力系数：树冠流分析的启示

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112273

Mingjie Zhang , Oliver Carlo , Yunlong Peng , Zhi Gao , Jianshun Zhang , Guohua Ji , Riccardo Buccolieri

Alternative drag approaches for representing unresolved buildings were proposed in literature for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of macroscopic urban airflow. As a contribution, the present work derives the volumetric drag coefficient (

C_{d}^{*}

) through canopy drag and velocity analysis and provides appropriate correlations for

C_{d}^{*}

against urban morphological parameters. A total of 72 cases across various urban configurations are investigated, categorized by building typology, horizontal layout, height variability, and plan area density (λ_p, from 0.0625 to 0.57). Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations with periodic boundary conditions are performed to model fully developed flows. Results for the normalized drag force and superficial velocity and their relations with λ_p are evaluated. Subsequent evaluation of the profiles for the sectional coefficients (

C_{d}^{*} (Z)

) reveals four distinct types with variations in uniform-height cases and combinations in varying-height cases. A throughout correlations analysis, facilitated by data transformation, identifies the straightforward relations between

C_{d}^{*}

and frontal area density (λ_f) and tortuosity (τ). The followed stepwise regression provides a recommended formula for

C_{d}^{*}

, demonstrating a proper fit with the simulated values. These findings facilitate the understanding and appropriate estimation of

C_{d}^{*}

and

C_{d}^{*} (Z)

, promoting the application of macroscopic turbulence models, for neighborhood-scale wind and air quality studies.

在对宏观城市气流进行计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟时，有文献提出了表示未解决建筑物的其他阻力方法。作为一项贡献，本研究通过树冠阻力和速度分析得出了体积阻力系数（Cd*），并提供了 Cd* 与城市形态参数的适当相关性。本研究根据建筑类型、水平布局、高度变化和平面面积密度（λp，从 0.0625 到 0.57），共调查了 72 个不同城市配置的案例。采用周期性边界条件进行了雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）模拟，以模拟完全发展的流动。评估了归一化阻力和表面速度的结果及其与 λp 的关系。随后对截面系数（Cd*(Z)）的剖面进行了评估，发现在高度均匀的情况下有四种不同类型的变化，而在高度变化的情况下则有四种不同类型的组合。通过数据转换，整个相关性分析确定了 Cd* 与额面密度（λf）和迂回度（τ）之间的直接关系。随后进行的逐步回归提供了 Cd* 的推荐公式，显示出与模拟值的适当拟合。这些发现有助于理解和适当估算 Cd* 和 Cd*(Z)，促进宏观湍流模型在邻域尺度风和空气质量研究中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Time length of adaptation phase for subjective thermal environment evaluation based on thermal stability time 基于热稳定性时间的主观热环境评估适应阶段的时间长度

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112283

Sheng Zhang , Jinghua Jiang , Zhang Lin

The adaptation phase is the primary process of subjective thermal comfort evaluations. The time length of the adaptation phase in existing studies disperses largely, which either risks low evaluation reliability or high time and economic costs. This study proposes to determine the time length of the adaptation phase for reliable subjective thermal environment evaluation and to avoid unnecessarily large time and economic costs. First, the variation and distribution of the initial thermal status of the adaptation phase are inferred from a steady bioheat model with ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers) Thermal Comfort Database II. Second, with the initial thermal status, the variation and distribution of the thermal stability time are inferred from the dynamic bioheat model. Third, the time length of the adaptation phase is quantified from the distribution of the thermal stability time according to the targeted reliability level. Results show that under the summer scenario, the time length of the adaptation phase increases from 16.9 – 31.2 min to 25.2 – 38.9 min when the reliability level increases from 90.0 % to 97.5 %. The time length of the adaptation phase of the winter scenario increases by 5.3 – 9.7 min relative to that of the summer scenario. A strategy of shifting the adaptation phase from thermal neutrality to slight warmth is proposed to effectively shorten the time length of the adaptation phase by 5.6 % – 19.4 % and 7.8 % – 23.9 % in the summer and winter scenarios respectively. These results are tabulated for practical convenience.

适应阶段是主观热舒适度评估的主要过程。现有研究中，适应阶段的时间长度大多比较分散，这就有可能导致评价可靠性低或时间和经济成本高。本研究建议确定适应阶段的时间长度，以实现可靠的主观热环境评价，避免不必要的大量时间和经济成本。首先，利用 ASHRAE（美国采暖、制冷和空调工程师协会）热舒适数据库 II，通过稳定的生物热模型推断出适应阶段初始热状态的变化和分布。其次，根据初始热状态，通过动态生物热模型推断热稳定时间的变化和分布。第三，根据目标可靠性水平，从热稳定性时间的分布来量化适应阶段的时间长度。结果表明，在夏季情况下，当可靠性水平从 90.0 % 增加到 97.5 % 时，适应阶段的时间长度从 16.9 - 31.2 分钟增加到 25.2 - 38.9 分钟。与夏季情景相比，冬季情景的适应阶段时间长度增加了 5.3 - 9.7 分钟。我们提出了一种将适应阶段从热中性转向微暖的策略，可有效缩短适应阶段的时间长度，在夏季和冬季方案中分别缩短了 5.6 % - 19.4 % 和 7.8 % - 23.9 %。为便于实际操作，这些结果以表格形式列出。

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引用次数: 0

Study of thermal and humidity environment and prediction model in impinging jet ventilation rooms based on thermal and moisture coupling 基于热湿耦合的冲击式射流通风室热湿环境研究与预测模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112272

Wentao Xi , Xiao Ye , Peng Du , Yanming Kang , Ke Zhong

Variations of indoor humidity have significant influence on thermal comfort, calculation accuracy of air-conditioning load and selection of design parameters. As one of the most promising advanced ventilation strategies, impinging jet ventilation (IJV) has received much attention. However, few study concerned its coupled indoor thermal and humidity environment and there is also no complete mathematical model for the IJV to synchronously predict its indoor temperature and humidity distributions. Therefore, this study first simulated the thermal and humidity environment in IJV rooms with considering the coupled thermal and moisture transfer effect. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between temperature and humidity distributions in IJV, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.4. Then, a simplified theoretical model for predicting temperature and humidity distributions in the IJV was established based on the theory of nodal model, and the key parameters within the model that are influenced by indoor airflow pattern were also identified. Next, the model results were compared with the simulation ones and showed that the proposed model is with a mean absolute error of 0.4 °C for the prediction of temperature distribution and of 0.21 g/kg for the prediction of humidity distribution. These discrepancies are sufficiently minor to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Last, the potential application value of the proposed model was discussed. Overall, the current study contributes to extend the application of the existing coupled thermal and humidity models to IJV scenarios, and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the more rational design and practical application of the IJV.

室内湿度的变化对热舒适度、空调负荷的计算精度和设计参数的选择都有重大影响。作为最有前途的先进通风策略之一，冲击射流通风（IJV）受到了广泛关注。然而，很少有研究关注其室内热湿耦合环境，也没有完整的数学模型来同步预测其室内温度和湿度分布。因此，本研究首先模拟了国际青年旅舍室内的热湿环境，并考虑了热湿耦合传递效应。结果表明，国际青年旅舍的温度和湿度分布之间存在明显的相关性，相关系数约为 0.4。然后，基于节点模型理论，建立了预测 IJV 温湿度分布的简化理论模型，并确定了模型中受室内气流模式影响的关键参数。然后，将模型结果与模拟结果进行了比较，结果表明，所提出的模型在预测温度分布时的平均绝对误差为 0.4 °C，在预测湿度分布时的平均绝对误差为 0.21 g/kg。这些误差很小，足以验证所提模型的准确性。最后，讨论了所提模型的潜在应用价值。总之，目前的研究有助于将现有的热湿耦合模型扩展应用到国际青年旅舍的场景中，并为国际青年旅舍更合理的设计和实际应用提供了坚实的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

PIV study on characteristics of pedestrian-level fluctuating wind speeds around square buildings with different heights 不同高度方形建筑周围行人水平波动风速特征的 PIV 研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112271

Qiang Lin, Qingshan Yang, Yukio Tamura

Flow fields around four square-section buildings with different heights in boundary layer flow (BLF) were captured by PIV tests to investigate the influence of an increase in building height on fluctuating wind speed fields and pedestrian-level peak wind speed around buildings. Flow visualization results indicate that upstream stagnation levels significantly increase with increasing building height, along with higher wind speeds in approaching BLF, causing stronger front downwash flows and upwash flows behind higher buildings. Variation in flow structures with building height significantly change pedestrian-level wind speed fields, including (1) causing a significant increase in mean wind speed on the sides of buildings, although their influence on turbulent kinetic energies (TKE) in the region is not obvious; (2) causing an increase in mean wind speeds and especially TKE downstream of buildings; Accordingly, high peak pedestrian-level winds for higher buildings occur not only in windy regions beside buildings but also in generally considered low-speed wake regions. This suggests that measurement of only mean pedestrian-level wind around buildings, especially super high-rise buildings, may not be adequate and might underestimate the influence of pedestrian-level winds on pedestrians. In addition, by zoning according to different fluctuating wind characteristics around buildings, peak pedestrian-level wind speed can be estimated by gust factor with better accuracy. Meanwhile, the influence of building height can be easily reflected by constant coefficients.

通过 PIV 试验捕捉了边界层流（BLF）中四座不同高度的方形截面建筑物周围的流场，以研究建筑物高度增加对建筑物周围波动风速场和行人层峰值风速的影响。流动可视化结果表明，随着建筑物高度的增加，上游停滞水平显著增加，同时接近边界层流的风速也更高，从而导致更高的建筑物后面产生更强的前下冲流和上冲流。流体结构随建筑物高度的变化会显著改变行人水平风速场，包括：（1）导致建筑物两侧的平均风速显著增加，尽管其对该区域湍流动能（TKE）的影响并不明显；（2）导致建筑物下游的平均风速增加，尤其是 TKE；因此，较高建筑物的行人水平风速峰值不仅出现在建筑物旁的多风区域，也出现在一般认为的低速尾流区域。这表明，仅测量建筑物（尤其是超高层建筑）周围的平均行人水平风可能不够充分，可能会低估行人水平风对行人的影响。此外，根据建筑物周围不同的风力波动特征进行分区，可以用阵风系数估算出行人层峰值风速，准确性更高。同时，建筑物高度的影响可以通过常数系数轻松反映出来。

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引用次数: 0

Critical periods of maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and the risks of stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth in Western Australia 西澳大利亚州产妇暴露于环境细颗粒物的关键时期与死产和自然早产的风险

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112267

Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu , Gizachew A. Tessema , Ben Mullins , Maayan Yitshak-Sade , Gavin Pereira

Few studies have investigated weekly or monthly exposure-lag-response association between fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and preterm birth, and there has been no known such study for stillbirth. We aimed to identify potential critical susceptible periods of the association between monthly PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). A total of 414,771 singleton births, of which 0.5 % and 3.9 % were stillbirth and sPTB respectively, between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2015 in Western Australia were linked to fine spatiotemporal monthly PM_2.5 concentrations. Monthly distributed lag linear and non-linear (DLM and DLNM) Cox regressions were performed to investigate PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and covariate-adjusted hazards of stillbirth and sPTB. The mean PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy was 8.1 μg/m³. Pregnancy PM_2.5 exposure showed small dose-response associations with stillbirth and sPTB with critical susceptible periods spanning the 3rd–6th gestational months, especially from the DLNM method. Relative to 5 μg/m³ from the DLM method, the strongest hazards of PM_2.5 exposure were 1.04 (95 % CI 0.99, 1.08) and 1.03 (95 % CI 1.02, 1.05) during the 4th gestational month for stillbirth and sPTB, respectively. Monthly exposures at late pregnancy were associated with lower hazards. The average pregnancy exposure hazards were 1.08 (95 % CI 0.88, 1.32) and 1.07 (95 % CI 0.99, 1.15) per 5 μg/m³ increment for stillbirth and sPTB, respectively. The average entire pregnancy exposure showed potential attributable burden, synergistic interaction effects with biothermal stress, and comparatively higher hazards for female births and births to mothers who were Caucasian, < 35 years old, high SES, nulliparous, and smoked during pregnancy.

很少有研究对细颗粒物（PM2.5）与早产之间的每周或每月暴露滞后反应关系进行调查，也没有针对死产的已知研究。我们旨在确定孕期每月 PM2.5 暴露与死产和自发性早产（sPTB）之间关系的潜在关键易感期。2000年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间，西澳大利亚州共有414771名单胎婴儿出生，其中死胎和自发性早产分别占0.5%和3.9%。通过月分布滞后线性和非线性（DLM和DLNM）Cox回归，研究了怀孕期间的PM2.5暴露以及经协方差调整的死产和肺结核危害。孕期 PM2.5 平均暴露量为 8.1 μg/m3。妊娠期PM2.5暴露与死胎和肺结核的剂量-反应关系较小，临界易感期跨越第3-6个妊娠月，尤其是DLNM方法。相对于 DLM 方法中的 5 μg/m3 ，PM2.5 暴露对第 4 个妊娠月死产和多发性肺结核的最大危害分别为 1.04（95 % CI 0.99，1.08）和 1.03（95 % CI 1.02，1.05）。妊娠晚期的月度暴露与较低的危害相关。对于死胎和肺结核，平均孕期暴露危害分别为每 5 μg/m3 递增 1.08（95 % CI 0.88，1.32）和 1.07（95 % CI 0.99，1.15）。整个妊娠期的平均暴露量显示出潜在的可归因负担、与生物热应力的协同交互效应，以及对女婴和白种人、35 岁、高社会经济地位、无子宫和孕期吸烟母亲的危害相对较高。

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引用次数: 0

Technological applications of social robots to create healthy and comfortable smart home environment 社交机器人的技术应用，打造健康舒适的智能家居环境

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112269

Hakpyeong Kim, Minjin Kong, Seunghoon Jung, Jaewon Jeoung, Hyuna Kang, Taehoon Hong

The increasing demand for healthy and comfortable living environments has driven significant advancements in smart home technology. However, current developments often overlook the importance of users’ social-emotional needs and the contextual dynamics within the home environment. This study proposes the integration of social robots as a promising solution to address these gaps. By enhancing smart home functionalities, social robots offer a more holistic approach to smart home design. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology combined with large language model-based topic modeling to identify current research trends in social robotics. The analysis revealed five key research areas: (i) social-emotional intelligence, (ii) physical embodiment, (iii) elderly care, (iv) pediatric care, and (v) therapeutic applications. The study discusses how the core functionalities of social robots can enhance user experience by positively influencing the sensing, perception, and action layers of smart home systems. The findings suggest that the evolution of smart home technology should prioritize not only functional improvements but also the social and emotional well-being of users. Integrating social robots into smart homes will foster more human-centric, interactive, and satisfying living environments.

人们对健康舒适的生活环境的需求日益增长，推动了智能家居技术的长足发展。然而，目前的发展往往忽视了用户的社交情感需求和家居环境中的情境动态的重要性。本研究提出将社交机器人作为一种有前途的解决方案来弥补这些不足。通过增强智能家居功能，社交机器人为智能家居设计提供了一种更全面的方法。本研究采用 PRISMA 方法，结合基于大语言模型的主题建模，进行了全面的文献综述，以确定当前社交机器人的研究趋势。分析揭示了五个关键研究领域：(i) 社交情感智能，(ii) 物理体现，(iii) 老人护理，(iv) 儿童护理，以及 (v) 治疗应用。研究讨论了社交机器人的核心功能如何通过积极影响智能家居系统的感知、知觉和行动层来提升用户体验。研究结果表明，智能家居技术的发展不仅要优先考虑功能改进，还要考虑用户的社交和情感福祉。将社交机器人集成到智能家居中，将营造出更加以人为本、互动性更强、更令人满意的生活环境。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the dynamic effects of land cover change on land surface temperature in global major bay areas 揭示土地覆被变化对全球主要海湾地区地表温度的动态影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112266

Qingtao Zhang , Yijia Guan , Xinyu Wu , Jingkun Zhang , Rui Li , Kairong Lin , Yongheng Wang

Comparative studies across national boundaries on urban heat islands (UHI) are lacking, especially comparative analyses among globally important bay area urban agglomerations at different levels of urbanizations. Bay areas around the world are currently experiencing different stages of urbanization, and the transformation of urban land cover into thermal environments varies significantly. This study investigated the spatial-temporal changes of land cover change (LCC) and the land surface temperature (LST) in four major bay areas (including the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA), the New York Bay Area (NYBA), the Tokyo Bay Area (TBA), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area (GBA)) from 2000 to 2020. Utilizing correlation analysis and the multiscale geographical weighted regression model (MGWR), the goal was to understand how LCC impact the thermal environmental regionally. The results showed that: (1) The main shift in land cover involved a decrease in forested and cultivated area and an increase in impervious surfaces, with deforestation and agriculture conversion being major factors in this increase. The GBA gave a significant 112% rise in impervious surface during this period. (2) The LST trended towards higher, medium LST zones, closely linked with urban impervious surface expansion. (3) The MGWR model highlighted the direct non-stationary relationship between land cover alterations and LST effects. It showed that conversion to impervious surfaces, particularly from water and cultivated lands, markedly intensified LST, whereas water bodies and forests demonstrated a substantial capacity to mitigate LST. Urban planners were advised to mitigate LST elevations stemming from the transformation of forest lands and aquatic environments into impervious areas, a change notably prevalent in highly urbanized regions. This study provides valuable perspectives on balancing the management of urban thermal environments and urbanization processes.

关于城市热岛（UHI）的跨国比较研究，尤其是全球重要海湾地区城市群在不同城市化水平下的比较分析，尚属空白。目前，世界各地的海湾地区正处于不同的城市化阶段，城市土地覆盖向热环境的转变也大不相同。本研究调查了 2000 年至 2020 年四个主要湾区（包括旧金山湾区、纽约湾区、东京湾区和粤港澳大湾区）的土地覆被变化（LCC）和地表温度（LST）的时空变化。利用相关性分析和多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR），目的是了解 LCC 对区域热环境的影响。研究结果表明(1) 土地覆被的主要变化是森林和耕地面积减少，不透水地表增加，而森林砍伐和农业转化是造成不透水地表增加的主要因素。在此期间，全球生物圈保护区的不透水地面大幅增加了 112%。(2) 低地温度带趋向于较高的中等低地温度带，这与城市不透水面积的扩大密切相关。(3）MGWR 模型强调了土地覆被变化与 LST 影响之间的直接非平稳关系。该模型显示，不透水地表的转换，特别是水域和耕地的转换，明显加剧了 LST，而水体和森林则显示出缓解 LST 的巨大能力。建议城市规划者减缓因林地和水环境转变为不透水区域而导致的 LST 升高，这一变化在高度城市化地区尤为普遍。这项研究为平衡城市热环境管理和城市化进程提供了宝贵的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-point temperature or humidity prediction for office building indoor environment based on CGC-BiLSTM deep neural network 基于 CGC-BiLSTM 深度神经网络的办公楼室内环境多点温度或湿度预测

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112259

Tianyi Zhao , Ben Jiang , Yu Li , Yacine Rezgui , Chengyu Zhang , Peng Wang

The aim of this study is to predict the temperature or humidity changes at multiple relevant points in a building using a deep neural network architecture with multi-task learning to provide more reference information for the design and optimal operation of heating and ventilation systems. For this purpose, traditional multi-task prediction algorithm architecture is combined with Customized Gate Control and other neural networks to build deep neural network architectures for indoor environments with multi-point temperature or humidity prediction tasks. To test the prediction effectiveness of the architecture, a task of predicting temperature or humidity 24 h in advance was designed on a real office building indoor environment dataset, and the prediction results were compared with other single-task and multi-task prediction models. Two experimental conditions were designed for this study, one using the complete training set and the other reducing the training set at a certain point. Through the final prediction results, it is found that the multi-task prediction architecture used in this paper shows better or nearly optimal results compared to other prediction models under both working conditions. This study provides some reference value for the application of multi-task prediction algorithms to the task of predicting indoor environments in buildings.

本研究的目的是利用多任务学习的深度神经网络架构预测建筑物内多个相关点的温度或湿度变化，为供热通风系统的设计和优化运行提供更多参考信息。为此，将传统的多任务预测算法架构与定制门控制和其他神经网络相结合，构建了适用于室内环境多点温度或湿度预测任务的深度神经网络架构。为了检验该架构的预测效果，在真实的办公楼室内环境数据集上设计了提前 24 小时预测温度或湿度的任务，并将预测结果与其他单任务和多任务预测模型进行了比较。本研究设计了两种实验条件，一种是使用完整的训练集，另一种是在某一点上减少训练集。通过最终的预测结果发现，本文使用的多任务预测架构在两种工作条件下都比其他预测模型显示出更好或接近最优的结果。本研究为多任务预测算法在建筑室内环境预测任务中的应用提供了一定的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0