Building and Environment最新文献_第10页

Optimization of indoor thermal environment for high-altitude sentry buildings with attached ventilation based on proper orthogonal decomposition 基于适当正交分解的附带通风设备的高海拔哨兵建筑室内热环境优化

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112200

Linfeng Liang , Meng Zhao , Yukun Wang , Zhengwei Long , Haiguo Yin

The low-oxygen and severe cold climate characteristics of high-altitude regions significantly impact individuals' physiological health and thermal comfort inside buildings, especially for sentry buildings where the enclosure is fully exposed to the outdoors. This study aimed to optimize the indoor environment for high-altitude sentry buildings with attached ventilation. Firstly, the optimal location of exhaust outlets and oxygen sources in the heating mode of high-altitude sentry buildings was studied, and it showed high performance in terms of thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Additionally, the POD method and interpolation methods were applied to expand the sample dataset and identify the optimal combination of attached ventilation parameters and oxygen supply concentration, creating a comfortable, oxygen-enriched environment within the sentry buildings while also considering energy efficiency. The results indicate that when the optimization objective is weighted towards thermal comfort, the percentage of dissatisfied (PD) and the draught rate (DR) values under the optimal scheme are reduced by 82 % and 46.6 %, respectively, compared to previous studies. However, when the emphasis is on energy efficiency in environmental optimization, the air supply energy under the optimal scheme has a 64.4 % reduction compared to previous research results. When considering both optimization objectives simultaneously, the PD and DR values under the optimal scheme are reduced by 35.9 % and 96.9 %, respectively, compared to previous research results. These results demonstrate significant improvements in both thermal comfort and energy efficiency relative to our previous study.

高海拔地区低氧和严寒的气候特征对人的生理健康和建筑物内的热舒适度有很大影响，尤其是对于围墙完全暴露在室外的哨所建筑。本研究旨在优化附带通风设备的高海拔哨所建筑的室内环境。首先，研究了高海拔哨所建筑供暖模式下排气口和氧气源的最佳位置，结果表明其在热舒适性和能源效率方面都有很高的表现。此外，应用 POD 法和插值法扩大样本数据集，确定附着通风参数和供氧浓度的最佳组合，在哨所建筑内创造舒适的富氧环境，同时兼顾能源效率。结果表明，当优化目标偏重于热舒适度时，与之前的研究相比，最优方案下的不满意度（PD）和吃风率（DR）值分别降低了 82% 和 46.6%。然而，当环境优化的重点放在能源效率上时，优化方案下的送风能耗与之前的研究结果相比降低了 64.4%。当同时考虑两个优化目标时，优化方案下的 PD 值和 DR 值与之前的研究结果相比分别降低了 35.9% 和 96.9%。这些结果表明，与我们之前的研究相比，热舒适度和能源效率都有了显著提高。

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引用次数: 0

Comparisons of experimentally and numerically determined statistics for predicting low-occurrence wind speeds around a 1:1:2 block model 用于预测 1:1:2 区块模型周围低频风速的实验统计量与数值统计量的比较

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112201

T. Tong , Y. Li , W. Wang , M.F. Mohamad , T. Okaze , N. Ikegaya

Accurate prediction of low-occurrence wind speeds around urban structures is crucial for safe building design. Although Large-eddy simulation (LES) is commonly used as a high-fidelity model as compared with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, the present validation process relies on the comparison of fundamental statistics of the mean and standard deviations. The discrepancies in LESs and wind-tunnel experiments (WTEs) are unclear in terms of physical quantities characterizing the unsteadiness of the simulated turbulent flow such as probability density and power spectral densities, and low-occurrence winds speeds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LES in predicting unsteady wind behavior around a 1:1:2 block model. The study identifies prominent differences to improve the accuracy of unsteady numerical simulations especially for the purpose of predicting low-occurrence wind speeds. Various advection schemes in LESs were investigated, including first-order upwind, second-order linear, and dynamic interpolation schemes. The results show significant discrepancies, particularly in higher-order statistics and low-occurrence wind speeds, with WTE consistently exhibiting higher energy levels across all frequencies. These findings highlight the need to refine advection schemes to enhance their predictive accuracy. LESs with minimal numerical errors from discretization schemes can substantially improve urban wind assessments and contribute to the design of safer structures.

准确预测城市建筑周围的低频风速对安全建筑设计至关重要。虽然与雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）模拟相比，大涡模拟（LES）通常被用作高保真模型，但目前的验证过程依赖于平均值和标准偏差等基本统计量的比较。LES 与风洞试验 (WTE) 中的差异在表征模拟湍流不稳定性的物理量（如概率密度和功率谱密度以及低发生风速）方面并不明确。因此，本研究旨在评估 LES 在预测 1:1:2 区块模型周围的不稳定风行为方面的有效性。研究发现了一些突出的差异，以提高非稳态数值模拟的精度，尤其是在预测低发生风速时。研究了 LES 中的各种平流方案，包括一阶上风、二阶线性和动态插值方案。结果表明，尤其是在高阶统计量和低发生风速方面存在明显差异，WTE 在所有频率上始终表现出较高的能量水平。这些发现凸显了完善平流方案以提高预测精度的必要性。离散化方案产生的数值误差最小的 LES 可以大大改善城市风评估，有助于设计更安全的结构。

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引用次数: 0

A numerical study on the issue of Reynolds independence of flow and dispersion within isolated street canyons 关于孤立街道峡谷内流动和扩散的雷诺独立性问题的数值研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112202

Yi-Ping Wu, Peng-Yi Cui, Ke-xin Wang, Meng-xin Chai, Jia-ni Zhang, Yang Luo, Yuan-Dong Huang

Achieving Reynolds number independence is a prerequisite for conducting scale model experiments. This paper presents a numerical model of the two-dimensional isolated street canyon, utilizing the validated reliable k-epsilon turbulence model based on wind tunnel experimental data, to investigate the influence of approaching wind profiles (α) and windward building width (W_B) on achieving Reynolds number independence in the isolated street canyon and compare these characteristics with those observed in urban street canyon. Quantitative criteria, including revised relative change ratios (RRCs) ≤ 20 % and dimensionless concentration relative difference (K_RD) ≤ 5 %, were employed in conjunction with velocity, concentration contours, and streamlines to determine the corresponding critical Reynolds numbers. The results suggest that variations in approaching wind profiles primarily influence the flow field structure within the isolated street canyon after achieving Reynolds number independence, particularly impacting the scale of the counterclockwise vortex. However, these variations do not significantly alter the critical Reynolds number (Re_crit) required for achieving Re-independence, which is estimated to be Re_crit = 2.2 × 10⁴ for the isolated street canyon. Varying W_B affects the formation of counterclockwise vortex within the isolated street canyon. A reduction in W_B facilitates its formation and accelerates reaching Re-independence. The Re_crit is found to be linearly proportional to W_B variation. The flow field structure in urban street canyons remains relatively stable, with a recommended Re_crit = 3.1 × 10⁴. When W_B is 18 cm, the Re_crit for the isolated street canyon aligns with that of the urban street canyon.

实现雷诺数独立性是进行比例模型试验的先决条件。本文提出了一个二维孤立街道峡谷数值模型，利用基于风洞实验数据验证的可靠 k-epsilon 湍流模型，研究了接近风廓线 (α)和迎风建筑物宽度 (WB) 对实现孤立街道峡谷雷诺数独立性的影响，并将这些特征与在城市街道峡谷中观察到的特征进行了比较。定量标准，包括修正相对变化率 (RRC) ≤ 20 % 和无量纲浓度相对差 (K_RD) ≤ 5 %，与速度、浓度等值线和流线结合使用，以确定相应的临界雷诺数。结果表明，在实现雷诺数无关性之后，临近风廓线的变化主要影响孤立街道峡谷内的流场结构，特别是影响逆时针涡旋的规模。然而，这些变化并没有显著改变实现雷诺数无关性所需的临界雷诺数（Recrit），估计孤立街道峡谷的临界雷诺数为 Recrit = 2.2 × 10⁴。WB 的变化会影响孤立街道峡谷内逆时针旋涡的形成。减小 WB 会促进漩涡的形成，并加速达到 "Re-independence"。研究发现，Recrit 与 WB 变化成线性比例。城市街道峡谷中的流场结构保持相对稳定，建议 Recrit = 3.1 × 10⁴。当 WB 为 18 厘米时，孤立街道峡谷的 Recrit 与城市街道峡谷的 Recrit 一致。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor moss biomonitoring proving construction-related pollution load from outdoors 室内苔藓生物监测证明与施工有关的室外污染负荷

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112198

Kristina Strbova , Oldrich Motyka , Gabriela Mikeskova , Eva Olsovska , Jana Seidlerova

Indoor pollution load in an office environment was investigated during ongoing construction works in the vicinity using the wet moss biomonitoring technique. Monitoring boxes were placed inside eight offices with mechanical ventilation located on three floors and with four different orientations to outdoor construction works for 8 weeks. Samples were collected every two weeks for two months, and the concentrations of selected elements: Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Si and Zn were determined. Total deposition (composition, number and size of particles) was determined in the samples too. Correlation analysis complemented by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using a compositional approach. Concentrations correlated significantly among crustal elements and among road dust elements. PCA identified three groups of elements – representing construction dust, traffic origin and indoor origin, while those associated with construction dust had the highest contribution. The elevation (floor) affected the composition of the samples the most, the orientation to the pollution sources was secondary. Construction dust was most dominant on the 1st floor; samples from the sheltered sites were negatively associated with construction dust elements; here, the finest particles were also observed. Starting at 6 weeks of exposure, construction dust elements started to dominate in samples. Construction dust is a serious pollution problem, and its infiltration from the outdoors is apparent even in mechanical-ventilated indoor environments. Moss indoor monitoring technique was proven to be a suitable cost-effective alternative to automatic air samplers in determining the outdoor-originating pollution loads indoors.

采用湿苔生物监测技术调查了附近正在进行的建筑工程期间办公环境的室内污染负荷。监测箱被放置在三层楼的八间带机械通风设备的办公室内，与室外建筑工程有四个不同的朝向，为期八周。在两个月的时间里，每两周收集一次样本，并测定选定元素的浓度：测定了铝、砷、钙、镉、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、铅、硅和锌。此外，还测定了样本中的总沉积物（颗粒的成分、数量和大小）。采用成分分析法进行了相关性分析，并辅以主成分分析法（PCA）。地壳元素之间和道路尘埃元素之间的浓度有明显的相关性。主成分分析确定了三组元素--分别代表建筑尘埃、交通尘埃和室内尘埃，而与建筑尘埃相关的元素所占比例最高。海拔（楼层）对样本成分的影响最大，而污染源的方位则次之。建筑尘埃在 1 楼最为常见；来自遮蔽场所的样本与建筑尘埃成分呈负相关；在这里，也能观察到最细的颗粒。从暴露 6 周开始，建筑尘埃开始在样本中占主导地位。建筑粉尘是一个严重的污染问题，即使在机械通风的室内环境中，其从室外渗入的现象也很明显。事实证明，在确定室内源于室外的污染负荷方面，Moss 室内监测技术是自动空气采样器的一种经济有效的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing uncertainty to achieve stability in urban building energy modeling: A comparative study of four possible approaches 应对不确定性，实现城市建筑能耗建模的稳定性：四种可能方法的比较研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112197

Chao Wang , Xin Wang , Francesco Causone , Yue Yang , Naiping Gao , Yu Ye , Peixian Li , Xing Shi

Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) empowers the construction of green and low-carbon cities. However, its development is hindered by the uncertainty of data inputs, including inherent uncertain data (IUD), measurement uncertain data (MUD) and scenario uncertain data (SUD). This paper employed one typical MUD, namely, the thermal parameters of construction assemblies, as the study object to analyze the accuracy and stability of UBEM using four different approaches, i.e., archetypes built with standards, archetypes built with local datasets, probabilistic models and urban factor methods. The results showed that when focusing solely on thermal parameters, the RE values could reach 500 % at the building level but tended to converge to less than 90 % at the district level. In addition, the mean of relative errors at the building level influenced the accuracy at the district level as well as the rate of mean convergence. However, this metric did not affect the threshold to attain range convergence, since its number was fixed, neither related to the sample size nor to the calculation accuracy. This study emphasized that using real data could enhance the accuracy of UBEM, regardless of the archetype or the stochastic approach used, but the distinctions mainly occurred at the building level. Moreover, the large-scale simulation work could be transformed into the task of calculating energy use data for several convergence units, each consisting of dozens of buildings, since these units were able to exhibit stability on their own.

城市建筑能源建模（UBEM）有助于建设绿色低碳城市。然而，数据输入的不确定性（包括固有不确定性数据（IUD）、测量不确定性数据（MUD）和情景不确定性数据（SUD））阻碍了其发展。本文以一个典型的 MUD（即建筑组件的热参数）为研究对象，采用四种不同的方法（即根据标准建立原型、根据本地数据集建立原型、概率模型和城市因素方法）分析了 UBEM 的准确性和稳定性。结果表明，当只关注热参数时，建筑物层面的 RE 值可达到 500%，但在地区层面则趋于收敛，小于 90%。此外，建筑物层面的相对误差平均值影响了地区层面的准确性以及平均值的收敛速度。然而，这一指标并不影响达到范围收敛的临界值，因为其数量是固定的，既与样本量无关，也与计算精度无关。这项研究强调，无论采用哪种原型或随机方法，使用真实数据都能提高 UBEM 的精度，但区别主要出现在建筑物层面。此外，大规模的模拟工作可以转化为计算多个汇聚单元（每个单元由数十栋建筑组成）的能源使用数据，因为这些单元能够表现出自身的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

The efficiency of portable air cleaners in reducing cross-exposure through respiratory aerosols: Effects of flowrate, location, and unit type 便携式空气净化器在减少呼吸道气溶胶交叉接触方面的效率：流速、位置和设备类型的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112199

Ihab Jabbar Al-Rikabi , Hayder Alsaad , Svenja Carrigan , Conrad Voelker

This study evaluates the efficacy of portable air cleaners (PACs) in a controlled climate chamber that simulates an office environment, assessing their impact on respiratory particle transmission between two thermal manikins (representing an infected and an exposed individual) as well as on the noise level in the chamber. The study explores three types of PAC, namely floor-type (PAC1), table (PAC2) and personalized (PAC3) in various locations and operation modes. The particles were generated using an aerosol generator and introduced into the infected manikin's exhalation; the particle concentration at the exposed manikin's breathing zone (BZ) was measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer. The results showed that the PAC2, operating at a flow rate of 97 m³/h, significantly reduced the intake fraction (IF) by over 90 % within the first hour, proving to be the most effective in minimizing cross-exposure risks while maintaining sound levels within the acceptable limits for office rooms. In contrast, PAC3, with a lower flow rate of 13 m³/h, reduced IF by only 21.6 % after 60 min. The result also showed that settings with higher flow rates (higher than 134 m³/h) resulted in noise levels above the maximum allowable for office spaces for all tested PACs. Additionally, prolonged operation did not further decrease IF significantly after reaching optimal reduction levels within 30–60 min, depending on the PAC type and settings. Further, the study showed that strategic placement away from direct alignment with occupants' BZ is recommended to optimize aerosol removal and noise management.

本研究评估了便携式空气净化器（PAC）在模拟办公环境的受控气候箱中的功效，评估了其对两个热人体模型（分别代表受感染者和暴露者）之间的呼吸道微粒传播以及对室内噪音水平的影响。研究探讨了三种类型的 PAC，即不同位置和运行模式下的落地式 PAC1、台式 PAC2 和个性化 PAC3。使用气溶胶发生器产生颗粒，并将其引入受感染人体模型的呼气中；使用空气动力颗粒测定仪测量受感染人体模型呼吸区（BZ）的颗粒浓度。结果表明，PAC2 以 97 m³/h 的流速运行，在第一小时内就将吸入分数 (IF) 显著降低了 90% 以上，证明它在最大限度地降低交叉暴露风险方面最为有效，同时还能将声级保持在办公室可接受的范围内。相比之下，流量较低的 PAC3（13 立方米/小时）在 60 分钟后仅将 IF 降低了 21.6%。结果还显示，流量越大（高于 134 立方米/小时），所有测试的 PAC 的噪音水平都会超过办公空间的最大允许值。此外，根据 PAC 类型和设置的不同，在 30-60 分钟内达到最佳降噪水平后，长时间运行不会进一步显著降低 IF。此外，研究还表明，为了优化气溶胶去除和噪声管理，建议采用远离直接对准居住者 BZ 的战略位置。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor environmental quality and subjective perceptions in multi-chair dental offices 多椅牙科诊室的室内环境质量和主观感受

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112196

Jie Zong , Zhengtao Ai , Arsen Krikor Melikov , Shicheng Cao

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in multi-chair dental offices is strongly related to treatment effectiveness, patient comfort, and dental professionals’ occupational exposure. This study conducts comprehensive field measurements and questionnaire surveys to assess the IEQ in two multi-chair dental offices of the Periodontal Department (PD) and the Endodontics Department (ED) in a stomatological hospital in Changsha during the transitional season, summer, and winter. It first reveals the IEQ status and then examines its impact on the perceptions of both dental professionals and patients. The results indicate no considerable difference in IEQ between the PD and the ED. For the measurement, the worst IEQ is observed in winter, with air temperature, relative humidity, PM_2.5 concentration, and sound pressure level not meeting the prescribed limits. The worst case is for the PM_2.5 concentration, where the highest daily average level is 1.6–4.0 times higher than the limit. However, according to the questionnaire surveys, the highest participant satisfaction score of the overall environment is also observed in winter (i.e., 1.0). The inconsistent results reflected from the measurements and surveys demonstrate the complex influence of a multi-parameter environment on subjective perceptions. Additionally, dental professionals as long-term occupants of the dental offices, report a lower level of overall environmental satisfaction (i.e., 0.38) compared to patients (i.e., 0.86), especially regarding air quality and acoustic environment. These findings are important information for improving environmental standards and formulating accurate environmental control methods, which then contribute to enhanced health, well-being, and performance of both dental professionals and patients.

多椅牙科诊室的室内环境质量（IEQ）与治疗效果、患者舒适度和牙科专业人员的职业暴露密切相关。本研究对长沙市某口腔医院牙周科（PD）和牙体牙髓科（ED）两间多椅牙科诊室的室内环境质量进行了全面的实地测量和问卷调查。研究首先揭示了IEQ状况，然后探讨了IEQ对牙科专业人员和患者感受的影响。结果表明，口腔科和急诊室的 IEQ 没有明显差异。在测量方面，冬季的 IEQ 最差，空气温度、相对湿度、PM2.5 浓度和声压级均未达到规定限值。最差的情况是 PM2.5 浓度，最高日平均水平比限值高出 1.6-4.0 倍。然而，根据问卷调查，参与者对整体环境的满意度在冬季也是最高的（即 1.0）。测量和调查所反映出的不一致结果表明了多参数环境对主观感受的复杂影响。此外，作为牙科诊室的长期使用者，牙科专业人员对整体环境的满意度（即 0.38）低于患者（即 0.86），尤其是在空气质量和声学环境方面。这些发现对于提高环境标准和制定准确的环境控制方法具有重要意义，从而有助于提高牙科专业人员和患者的健康、福祉和工作表现。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating a novel portable semiconductor liquid cooling garment for reducing heat stress of healthcare workers in a hot-humid environment 评估一种新型便携式半导体液体冷却服，以减轻医护人员在湿热环境中的热应力

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112194

Wenfang Song , Wenyue Lu , Sijing Yu , Rong Tang , Xinze Xie , Xuanxuan Zhou , Zihao Chen

Limited research focused on exploring personal cooling garments (PCGs) that offer excellent portability, along with a substantial, long-lasting, and consistent cooling effect for healthcare workers exposed to extreme heat while combating the COVID-19 pandemic. To address this gap, a novel, energy-efficient, and portable semiconductor liquid cooling garment (SLCG) was introduced, which incorporates a semiconductor-powered cold source and a cooling vest crafted from a semi-transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film that offers extensive body coverage. Its practical cooling efficacy was assessed through a human trial involving ten male participants engaging in two protocols under a hot-humid environment (i.e., 30 ± 0.5 °C, RH = 80 ± 5 %). These protocols included both low-intensity (Prot.1) and moderate-intensity (Prot.2) exercises, mimicking the physical demands faced by healthcare workers. SLCG significantly reduced the mean, torso and local skin temperatures during both Prot.1 and Prot.2 (p < 0.05), also with a notable reduction in heart rate and sweat loss during Prot.1 (p < 0.05). Rating of perceived exertion as well as thermal sensations, wetness sensations and comfort sensations in the whole-body and local-body (i.e., head & neck, trunk, arms and legs) were all remarkably improved using SLCG during Prot.1 (p < 0.05). These perceptual sensations in SLCG were only improved in the whole body during the resting stage, and in the trunk region during Prot.2 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants felt no significant added weight or movement restrictions with SLCG in either protocol.

在抗击 COVID-19 大流行的过程中，为暴露在酷热环境中的医护人员提供便携性极佳且具有显著、持久和稳定降温效果的个人降温衣（PCGs）的研究十分有限。为了填补这一空白，我们推出了一种新型、节能、便携式半导体液体冷却衣（SLCG），它集成了半导体供电冷源和由半透明热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）薄膜制成的冷却背心，可广泛覆盖全身。通过一项人体试验对其实际冷却效果进行了评估，十名男性参与者在湿热环境（即 30 ± 0.5 °C，相对湿度 = 80 ± 5 %）下进行了两项试验。这些方案包括低强度（Prot.1）和中等强度（Prot.2）运动，模拟医护人员面临的体力需求。在 Prot.1 和 Prot.2 中，SLCG 都能明显降低平均温度、躯干温度和局部皮肤温度（p < 0.05），在 Prot.1 中还能明显降低心率和汗液流失（p < 0.05）。全身和局部（即头部、颈部、躯干、手臂和腿部）的体力消耗感、热感、湿润感和舒适感都在保护 1 期间使用 SLCG 得到了显著改善（p <0.05）。在 SLCG 中，只有在静止阶段全身的这些知觉感觉得到了改善，而在 Prot.2 阶段躯干区域的这些知觉感觉得到了改善（p < 0.05）。此外，在两种方案中，参与者都没有明显感觉到 SLCG 增加的重量或运动限制。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential relationship between cooling green space and built-up area: Analysis of community green space characteristics based on GWPCA 探索降温绿地与建筑面积之间的潜在关系：基于 GWPCA 的社区绿地特征分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112190

Shengyu Guan, Haihui Hu

Rapid urbanization exacerbates urban heat island (UHI) problem. Although urban green space (UGS) can produce multiple benefits for mitigating UHI, the accompanying problems of urban development cause multiple pressures on greenery. Therefore, the pattern of green spaces should be adjusted to adapt to the current situation of the built-up area, fully utilizing its cooling effect, which is of great significance for achieving sustainable and balanced urban development. We selected 849 community units in Harbin city for the study, calculated the urban green space pattern index (UGSP) based on geographically weighted principal component analysis (GWPCA), And used bivariate choropleth map and Cartesian coordinate system to explore the spatial relationship between UGSP and associated characteristics of urbanization (e.g., land function diversity and development intensity). The results showed the following. (1) Compared with traditional PCA, GWPCA can capture local details of UGSP, especially proportion of tree area was the most sensitive factor in the urban core area, and FRAC_MN and LSI were the sensitive factors in the west and south of urban outer areas, respectively. (2) The matching degree between development intensity (I) and UGSP was slightly better than that between land function diversity (D) and UGSP, and showed a more egalitarian phenomenon. (3) The equilibrium value (d_Low) presented a relatively random spatial distribution when UGSP was less than D/I, and the unbalanced value (d_High) was scattered in the core area. Both d_Low and d_High were concentrated outside the urban core area when UGSP was greater than D/I. Our study provides an effective guidance for community greenery to mitigate UHI and realize the harmonious coexistence between city and nature.

快速城市化加剧了城市热岛（UHI）问题。虽然城市绿地（UGS）可以为缓解 UHI 带来多重益处，但伴随城市发展而来的问题也对绿化造成了多重压力。因此，应调整绿地格局以适应建成区现状，充分利用绿地的降温作用，这对实现城市可持续均衡发展具有重要意义。本研究选取了哈尔滨市 849 个社区单元作为研究对象，基于地理加权主成分分析法（GWPCA）计算了城市绿地格局指数（UGSP），并利用双变量纵横图和直角坐标系探讨了 UGSP 与城市化相关特征（如土地功能多样性和开发强度）之间的空间关系。结果表明(1）与传统 PCA 相比，GWPCA 能够捕捉 UGSP 的局部细节，尤其是树木面积比例是城市核心区最敏感的因子，FRAC_MN 和 LSI 分别是城市外围区西部和南部的敏感因子。(2）开发强度（I）与 UGSP 之间的匹配度略高于土地功能多样性（D）与 UGSP 之间的匹配度，呈现出较为平均的现象。(3) 当 UGSP 小于 D/I 时，平衡值（dLow）呈现相对随机的空间分布，而不平衡值（dHigh）则分散在核心区。当 UGSP 大于 D/I 时，dLow 和 dHigh 都集中在城市核心区之外。我们的研究为社区绿化缓解 UHI、实现城市与自然和谐共处提供了有效指导。

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引用次数: 0

WRF-HEATS coupling: Incorporating human behaviors and city topography into urban heat stress evaluation WRF-HEATS 耦合：将人类行为和城市地形纳入城市热应力评估

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112191

Xinjie Huang , Jeffrey Man-Hei Chang , Dachuan Shi , Pak Wai Chan , Jiyun Song

Urban human thermal stress can be inaccurately estimated along with less-understood heat heterogeneity due to the absence of high-resolution meteorological information and realistic human behavior representation. To this end, we coupled a regional climate model (weather research and forecasting model, WRF) and a human energy balance model (human-environment adaptive thermal stress model, HEATS) to predict pedestrian's dynamic thermal stress at a neighborhood scale. The WRF-human coupling system resolves human-environment heat exchanges based on meteorological and topographical information with the consideration of dynamic human activities. The coupling system has been tested and utilized to study dynamic heat stress in a typical hot, humid, and mountainous city, Hong Kong. Our results revealed widespread heat heterogeneity with up to 7 ^°C difference in Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST) in the core urban area, and extreme heat exposure (up to 45 ^°C PST) in calm-wind zones at noon. Heat stress can be further aggregated considering realistic human behaviors such as extra clothing (e.g., protective facemask during pandemics) and physical exercise (e.g., walking along inclined terrain). Optimal-thermal-comfort routes have been designed and suggested based on the simulated neighborhood-scale heat stress map.

由于缺乏高分辨率气象信息和真实的人类行为表现，对城市人类热应力的估计可能不准确，同时对热异质性的理解也较少。为此，我们将区域气候模型（天气研究与预报模型，WRF）和人类能量平衡模型（人类-环境适应性热应力模型，HEATS）耦合起来，预测街区尺度上行人的动态热应力。WRF 人类耦合系统基于气象和地形信息，并考虑到人类的动态活动，解决了人类与环境的热交换问题。该耦合系统已经过测试，并被用于研究香港这个典型的湿热山区城市的动态热应力。研究结果表明，热异质性非常普遍，核心城区的生理主观温度（PST）最高相差 7 °C，而中午风平浪静地区的极端热暴露（PST 最高相差 45 °C）也非常普遍。考虑到现实中的人类行为，如额外穿衣（如大流行病期间的防护面罩）和体育锻炼（如在倾斜地形上行走），可进一步汇总热应激。根据模拟的邻里尺度热压力地图，设计并建议了最佳热舒适路线。

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引用次数: 0