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Can ChatGPT-5 assess human perceptions of dynamic urban streetscape transitions? Insights from Hong Kong ChatGPT-5能否评估人类对动态城市街景转变的感知？香港的启示

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114155

Mengyuan Yin, Michael C.P. Sing, Esther H.K. Yung

Urban streetscape transitions influence emotions and perceived restorativeness, yet most studies rely on static imagery. This study investigates whether GPT-5 can approximate human perceptions of dynamic transitions, using Hong Kong as a case. We applied a three-stage methodology consisting of alignment, attribution, and interpretation to systematically compare GPT-5 with human evaluations. Four five-minute walking videos were evaluated by 200 participants on affective states using the Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) model, perceived restorativeness (PRS), and subjective impressions. GPT-5 received stitched video frames and performed three tasks: overall scoring, segment-based scoring with feature attribution, and short language-based explanations. Comparisons showed a moderate positive correlation between GPT-5 and human ratings (Pearson r = 0.44, Spearman ρ = 0.43, both p < 0.001). GPT-5 aligned more closely with humans on structural and physical cues (e.g., greenery and density indicators) but showed markedly lower agreement on affective and restorative dimensions. In contrast, the language-based explanations showed both overlap and divergence. Both GPT-5 and humans highlighted greenery, but their interpretations differed in other aspects: humans emphasized openness and experiential cues, whereas GPT-5 focused on signage, buildings, and traffic. The findings highlight how generative AI responds to dynamic environmental transitions, filling a gap left by static-image studies and providing a useful complement to human judgement in high-density cities.

城市街景的过渡影响情绪和感知恢复性，但大多数研究依赖于静态图像。本研究以香港为例，探讨GPT-5是否可以近似人类对动态转换的感知。我们采用了三阶段的方法，包括校准、归因和解释，系统地比较GPT-5与人类评估。200名参与者使用愉悦、觉醒和支配（PAD）模型、感知恢复（PRS）和主观印象来评估四个五分钟的步行视频的情感状态。GPT-5接收拼接的视频帧，并执行三个任务：总体评分，基于特征归属的基于片段的评分，以及基于简短语言的解释。比较显示GPT-5与人类评分之间存在中度正相关（Pearson r = 0.44, Spearman ρ = 0.43, p < 0.001）。GPT-5在结构和物理线索（如绿化和密度指标）上与人类更接近，但在情感和恢复维度上的一致性明显较低。相比之下，基于语言的解释既有重叠，也有差异。GPT-5和人类都强调绿色，但他们的解释在其他方面有所不同：人类强调开放性和经验线索，而GPT-5则侧重于标志、建筑和交通。研究结果强调了生成式人工智能如何响应动态环境变化，填补了静态图像研究留下的空白，并为高密度城市中的人类判断提供了有用的补充。

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引用次数: 0

An air quality digital twin for real-time outdoor air quality monitoring and prediction 用于室外空气质量实时监测和预测的空气质量数字孪生

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114127

Yitong Li , Holly Josephs , Yaocheng Wu , Gediminas Mainelis , Clinton Andrews , Jie Gong

Respiratory health is closely tied to air quality, making it essential to measure and model air quality. Digital twins provide a powerful approach for air quality monitoring and prediction due to their ability to integrate real-time data, generate air quality predictions, and provide actionable insights. In the City of Elizabeth, New Jersey, poor air quality is driven by heavy industrial activities, dense traffic on major highways, and emissions from the nearby marine terminals and Newark Liberty International Airport. To tackle these issues, this research aimed to develop a digital twin for air quality monitoring and management for the City of Elizabeth. Using LiDAR scans of Housing Authority buildings, Building Information Models (BIM) were created to digitally represent physical structures. A network of outdoor sensors was deployed to capture real-time data on pollutants, including particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and ozone (O₃). Unlike traditional physics-based air quality models that rely on complex mathematical equations and require significant computational resources, this study employed a data-driven approach. By analyzing spatial and temporal patterns in air quality data, this method efficiently generated real-time air quality predictions. Integrating these predictions into digital twins enhances our understanding of air quality dynamics and enables stakeholders to communicate complex information effectively to the public. Furthermore, residents can make informed choices to improve their living conditions, such as determining the best times to open windows, use air filtration systems, or spend time in outdoor environment.

呼吸系统健康与空气质量密切相关，因此测量和模拟空气质量至关重要。数字孪生为空气质量监测和预测提供了一种强大的方法，因为它们能够整合实时数据，生成空气质量预测，并提供可操作的见解。在新泽西州的伊丽莎白市，空气质量差是由重工业活动、主要高速公路上密集的交通以及附近海运码头和纽瓦克自由国际机场的排放造成的。为了解决这些问题，本研究旨在为伊丽莎白市开发一个用于空气质量监测和管理的数字孪生体。利用激光雷达扫描房屋委员会建筑物，建立建筑信息模型（BIM），以数字方式表示实体结构。部署了一个室外传感器网络，以捕获污染物的实时数据，包括颗粒物（PM₂.₅）和臭氧（O3）。传统的基于物理的空气质量模型依赖于复杂的数学方程，需要大量的计算资源，而本研究采用了数据驱动的方法。通过分析空气质量数据的时空格局，该方法有效地生成了实时空气质量预测。将这些预测整合到数字孪生中，增强了我们对空气质量动态的理解，并使利益相关者能够有效地向公众传达复杂的信息。此外，居民可以做出明智的选择，以改善他们的生活条件，如确定最佳时间打开窗户，使用空气过滤系统，或花时间在户外环境。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven modeling of single-sided bottom-hung window ventilation 单面下挂窗通风的数据驱动建模

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114144

Jun Jiang, Kai Rewitz, Dirk Müller

Empirical models are widely used in building design and simulation to estimate airflow rates for single-sided natural ventilation (SSV). However, these models often suffer from limited accuracy. Data-driven modeling offers a viable solution to improve model accuracies by customizing models for various practical scenarios. This study investigates the feasibility and performance of two data-driven modeling approaches for SSV: gray-box modeling (physics-informed using polynomial regressions) and black-box modeling (purely data-driven using machine learning regressions). Taking SSV through a solitary bottom-hung window as a case study, training data were acquired from a full-scale test bench via tracer gas measurements conducted over 11 days. The results indicate that both modeling approaches significantly improve accuracy compared to existing empirical models from the literature. Notably, individual models tailored for each test room generally outperform generalized models developed for all rooms. This finding highlights the importance of customizing models on-site in real-world applications. When comparing the two modeling approaches, gray-box models require lower training ratios to achieve good generalization, demonstrating higher data efficiency than black-box models. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that gray-box models are more robust and reliable during interpolation and extrapolation, making them particularly suitable for scenarios with limited data availability. Incorporating opening area corrections and selecting root mean square error (RMSE) as the objective function are crucial for achieving optimal gray-box model performance. Overall, this study highlights the potential of physics-informed gray-box data-driven modeling as an advanced strategy for enhancing SSV airflow rate estimation, providing valuable insights to guide future research.

经验模型广泛应用于建筑设计和仿真中，用于估算单侧自然通风的风量。然而，这些模型的准确性往往有限。数据驱动的建模提供了一个可行的解决方案，通过为各种实际场景定制模型来提高模型的准确性。本研究探讨了两种数据驱动的SSV建模方法的可行性和性能：灰盒建模（使用多项式回归的物理信息）和黑盒建模（使用机器学习回归的纯数据驱动）。以SSV为例，通过单独的底挂窗进行研究，通过11天的示踪气体测量，从全尺寸测试台上获得训练数据。结果表明，与文献中已有的经验模型相比，这两种建模方法都显著提高了精度。值得注意的是，为每个测试房间量身定制的单个模型通常优于为所有房间开发的通用模型。这一发现突出了在实际应用程序中现场定制模型的重要性。对比两种建模方法，灰盒模型需要更低的训练率才能达到较好的泛化效果，显示出比黑盒模型更高的数据效率。此外，灵敏度分析表明，灰盒模型在插值和外推过程中具有更强的鲁棒性和可靠性，特别适用于数据可用性有限的情景。引入开放面积修正和选择均方根误差（RMSE）作为目标函数是实现最佳灰盒模型性能的关键。总的来说，本研究强调了物理信息灰盒数据驱动建模作为增强SSV气流速率估计的先进策略的潜力，为指导未来的研究提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Heat waves in buildings: A review of detection methods and performance assessment 建筑物中的热浪：检测方法和性能评估综述

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114205

Matheus Körbes Bracht, Ana Paula Melo, Roberto Lamberts

Heat waves are among the most critical climate hazards, threatening both human health and the resilience of energy systems. Despite increasing attention in recent years, research on the interaction between heat waves and building thermal performance remains heterogeneous, with varied definitions and metrics across studies. This study presents a systematic review dedicated to this topic, analyzing 93 peer-reviewed articles to identify how heat waves are defined, detected, and linked to building performance and occupant well-being. Heat wave detection methods were categorized into climatological (absolute or relative threshold definitions), commonly accepted events, and simulation based. The relative threshold definition was identified as an effective method for selecting heat waves for building performance analysis. However, recent studies using simulation-based detection methods showed that external heat waves do not necessarily coincide with periods of extreme indoor heat. Investigators recommend using comprehensive heat stress indicators for simulation-based detection in future studies, while noting that current indices generally fail to capture cumulative heat stress. Vulnerability is also unevenly addressed, with comfort models still centered on young, healthy adults. In parallel, emerging metamodels offer opportunities to reduce the computational burden of large simulation studies. Finally, results indicate that peak cooling demand can arise during heat wave events that differ from those most critical for indoor environmental quality. Close collaboration among thermal simulation experts, meteorologists, public health officials, and urban planners is needed to develop comprehensive heat wave definitions and heat warning systems tailored to local contexts.

热浪是最严重的气候灾害之一，威胁着人类健康和能源系统的复原力。尽管近年来受到越来越多的关注，但对热浪与建筑热性能之间相互作用的研究仍然是异质的，在不同的研究中有不同的定义和指标。本研究对这一主题进行了系统回顾，分析了93篇同行评议的文章，以确定热浪是如何定义、检测的，并将其与建筑性能和居住者福祉联系起来。热浪探测方法分为气候学（绝对或相对阈值定义）、普遍接受的事件和基于模拟的方法。相对阈值定义是建筑性能分析中选择热浪的有效方法。然而，最近使用基于模拟的检测方法的研究表明，外部热浪并不一定与室内极端高温的时期一致。研究人员建议在未来的研究中使用综合热应力指标进行基于模拟的检测，同时注意到目前的指标通常无法捕获累积热应力。脆弱性也得到了不均衡的处理，舒适模型仍然以年轻健康的成年人为中心。同时，新兴的元模型为减少大型模拟研究的计算负担提供了机会。最后，研究结果表明，峰值制冷需求可能出现在热浪事件期间，而这些热浪事件与对室内环境质量最关键的事件不同。热模拟专家、气象学家、公共卫生官员和城市规划者之间需要密切合作，以开发适合当地情况的综合热浪定义和热预警系统。

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引用次数: 0

Psychophysiological responses to indoor wood use: A systematic literature review of indicators, methods, and research trends 室内木材使用的心理生理反应：指标、方法和研究趋势的系统文献综述

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114188

Greta Cavaliere , Silvana Calvano , Paola Molina , Francesco Negro

Wood can significantly improve human well-being in indoor environments and enhance biophilic design. This systematic review examines studies on psychophysiological responses to wood exposure, focusing on experimental designs and measurement methods (Q1), involved participants (Q2), and types and features of wood products (Q3). A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA protocol. The search strategy combined keywords related to indoor wood-based products, well-being and interactions. Only primary research articles published in English over the last 20 years were considered. Fifty studies assessing psychophysiological responses to wood through physiological (e.g., cardiovascular, cerebral, hormonal, ocular, thermal, electrodermal, muscular, respiratory) and/or psychological (e.g., cognitive tests, questionnaires) indicators, were included. Results revealed diverse exposure modalities (visual, tactile, olfactory, multisensory) and measurement approaches. Studies predominantly involved university students (20–50 participants) and short exposure durations (1–15 mins). Both solid and engineered wood products were investigated, with attention to their colour, finishing, and thermal properties. Three main research needs emerged: extending exposure time to study long-term effects, diversifying participant demographics, especially in terms of age range, and combining questionnaires with physiological measures, to foster a broader approach. Research on psychophysiological responses to wood is a complex field that combines human and applied sciences. Through a structured overview of current methodological approaches, this review guides future interdisciplinary research across environmental psychology, design and material science. It also provides practical insights for architects and interior designers seeking to incorporate biophilic principles to improve occupant well-being.

木材可以显著改善室内环境中人的幸福感，增强亲生物设计。本系统综述考察了对木材暴露的心理生理反应的研究，重点关注实验设计和测量方法（Q1），参与者（Q2）以及木制品的类型和特征（Q3）。按照PRISMA协议在Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。搜索策略结合了与室内木制品、健康和互动相关的关键词。仅考虑了过去20年用英语发表的初级研究文章。通过生理指标（如心血管、大脑、荷尔蒙、眼、热、皮肤电、肌肉、呼吸）和/或心理指标（如认知测试、问卷调查）评估对木材的心理生理反应的研究有50项。结果显示不同的暴露方式（视觉，触觉，嗅觉，多感官）和测量方法。研究主要涉及大学生（20-50名参与者），暴露时间较短（1-15分钟）。对实木和工程木制品进行了研究，重点关注它们的颜色、整理和热性能。三个主要的研究需求出现了：延长暴露时间以研究长期影响，使参与者的人口统计多样化，特别是在年龄范围方面，以及将问卷调查与生理测量相结合，以促进更广泛的方法。对木材的心理生理反应的研究是一个人文科学与应用科学相结合的复杂领域。通过对当前方法的结构化概述，本综述指导了未来跨环境心理学、设计和材料科学的跨学科研究。它还为建筑师和室内设计师提供了实用的见解，以寻求结合亲生物原则来改善居住者的福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling the impact of humidity gradients on ammonia gas transfer in hydrous materials for energy recovery ventilation systems 模拟湿度梯度对能量回收通风系统中含水物料中氨气传递的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114166

Xin Wang , Toshiaki Hayashi , Kazuhide Ito

The performance of ventilation systems has a critical influence on indoor air quality, with energy recovery ventilators (ERV) playing a key role in reducing energy consumption by recovering heat and moisture from exhaust air. However, the same materials that enable efficient energy recovery can also facilitate the transfer of pollutants, particularly when humidity levels fluctuate. This study presents a newly developed mathematical model describing gas-phase transport through paper-based hydrous materials that explicitly incorporates the effects of both material water content and humidity gradients. The model combines convective transfer, solution-diffusion mechanisms, and interactive moisture–gas coupling, and was validated through laboratory experiments measuring NH₃ permeation under carefully controlled humidity conditions. Results demonstrate that increased water content markedly enhances NH₃ permeability by up to 1000 times under high humidity compared to dry states. Furthermore, humidity gradients significantly influence transfer rates; co-directional vapor flow promotes gas permeation, whereas counter-directional flow suppresses it, with the effects intensifying at higher moisture levels. The model accurately predicted gas transfer across a range of humidity conditions, providing a valuable tool for optimizing ERV systems. Performance analysis of a cross-flow total heat exchanger further demonstrated that variations in ambient humidity and airflow rates collectively influence both latent heat exchange efficiency and NH₃ transfer. The model proved to be effective in predicting interdependent behaviors under diverse operational scenarios. These insights provide a foundation for designing smarter ERV systems that maintain high energy efficiency without compromising indoor air quality, highlighting the potential of humidity control as a strategy for mitigating pollutant transfer.

通风系统的性能对室内空气质量有着至关重要的影响，能量回收通风机（ERV）通过回收排风中的热量和水分来降低能耗，发挥着关键作用。然而，能够有效回收能源的相同材料也可以促进污染物的转移，特别是当湿度水平波动时。本研究提出了一个新开发的数学模型，描述了气相通过纸基含水材料的传输，该模型明确地结合了材料含水量和湿度梯度的影响。该模型结合了对流转移、溶液-扩散机制和相互作用的水-气耦合，并通过在精心控制的湿度条件下测量NH₃渗透率的实验室实验进行了验证。结果表明，在高湿状态下，与干燥状态相比，含水量的增加显著提高了NH₃的渗透性，提高了1000倍。此外，湿度梯度显著影响传输速率；同向蒸汽流动促进气体渗透，而反向流动抑制气体渗透，并且在较高的湿度水平下效果增强。该模型准确地预测了一系列湿度条件下的气体传递，为优化ERV系统提供了有价值的工具。对横流全热交换器的性能分析进一步表明，环境湿度和气流速率的变化共同影响潜热交换效率和NH₃转移。结果表明，该模型能够有效预测不同操作场景下的相互依赖行为。这些见解为设计更智能的ERV系统提供了基础，该系统在不影响室内空气质量的情况下保持高能效，突出了湿度控制作为减轻污染物转移策略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Classroom visual fatigue indication and its determinants: Daylighting, learning media, and spatial factors 教室视疲劳指示及其影响因素：采光、学习媒介和空间因素

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114135

Christy Vidiyanti , Surjamanto Wonorahardjo , M Donny Koerniawan

The increasing reliance on digital learning media presents lighting challenges that can affect visual performance in classrooms. This study investigated visual fatigue in a classroom without artificial lighting by examining six daylight configurations (two window positions and three opening areas), three learning media types (non-lit, reflected-lit, and self-lit devices), and spatial factors (viewing distance and angle). Fifty university students participated in real-classroom experiments. Visual fatigue was assessed using an eye-symptom questionnaire, and the luminous environment was evaluated through illuminance and luminance measurements. Results showed that visual fatigue was significantly influenced by window position, daylight opening ratio, and their interaction with learning media. Rear-window classrooms produced higher fatigue levels than side-window classrooms, particularly with reflected-lit learning media. Low ambient illuminance and high luminance contrast between learning media and desk surfaces increased fatigue, as did frequent shifts in the field of view between near and far tasks. Regression analysis indicated significant contributions from eye illuminance, vertical wall luminance, temporal light modulation risk, and non-linear effects of viewing distance. Self-lit devices demonstrated the lowest and most stable fatigue levels under appropriate lighting (32–310 lx eye illuminance, 29–63 cd/m² vertical luminance). In contrast, reflected-lit devices consistently induced the highest fatigue due to the temporal light modulation characteristic. Non-lit devices required stronger ambient lighting to achieve acceptable clarity. These findings underscore the importance of aligning classroom lighting with the type of media and spatial design. Practical thresholds for illuminance and luminance are proposed to support healthier, more effective learning environments.

对数字学习媒体的日益依赖带来了照明方面的挑战，可能会影响教室的视觉表现。本研究通过检查六种日光配置（两个窗户位置和三个开口区域）、三种学习媒体类型（无光、反射光和自光设备）和空间因素（观看距离和角度）来调查无人工照明教室中的视觉疲劳。50名大学生参加了真实的课堂实验。使用眼症状问卷评估视疲劳，通过照度和亮度测量评估光环境。结果表明，窗的位置、开窗率及其与学习媒介的交互作用对视觉疲劳有显著影响。后窗教室比侧窗教室产生的疲劳程度更高，尤其是使用反光学习媒体的教室。低环境照度和学习媒体和桌面之间的高亮度对比增加了疲劳，就像在近距离和远距离任务之间频繁切换视野一样。回归分析表明，眼照度、垂直墙照度、时间光调制风险和观看距离的非线性效应对影响显著。在适当的照明（32-310 lx眼照度，29-63 cd/m²垂直照度）下，自光装置显示出最低和最稳定的疲劳水平。相反，由于时间光调制特性，反射光器件始终引起最高的疲劳。无照明设备需要更强的环境照明才能达到可接受的清晰度。这些发现强调了将教室照明与媒体类型和空间设计相结合的重要性。提出了实用的照度和亮度阈值，以支持更健康、更有效的学习环境。

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引用次数: 0

Diffusion of micron-sized oil droplets accompanying short-term thermal airflow with weak buoyancy in machining intervals 微尺度油滴随短期弱浮力热气流在加工间隙内的扩散

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114145

Yuming Zhang , Yang Yang , Yi Wang , Jia-ning Fan , Tongtong Zhao , Jun Gao , Qingfeng Cao , Ningbin Zhu , Yong Cui

Micron-sized oil droplets are frequently released during machining intervals, accompanied by short-term thermal airflow with weak buoyant. Accurately revealing the development of polluted airflow and the diffusion of oil droplets can provide more effective guidance for pollution control and personnel health protection. This study uses Large Eddy Simulation to investigate this process. The results show that the ratio of the initial buoyancy F_B to the initial inertial force F_I of the hot airflow significantly impacts the evolution of vortex structures and airflow development. Under low F_B/F_I conditions (F_B/F_I < 0.98), vortex formation occurs at the edges of the airflow core, and the main airflow maintains a stable "flow mass" structure during ascent. In contrast, under high F_B/F_I conditions (F_B/F_I > 29.4), asymmetric vortex formation primarily occurs in the airflow core and wake, and the airflow exhibits a "flow ribbon" structure. The study also found that the diffusion patterns of micron-sized oil droplets differ with F_B/F_I. Low F_B/F_I sources exhibit significant horizontal diffusion, with the dimensionless diffusion radius reaching 1.5 to 2 times the source equivalent radius (rₛ), causing a short-term high-dose exposure risk. In contrast, high F_B/F_I sources result in relatively limited horizontal diffusion of the oil droplets (1.2∼1.4r_s). In the vertical direction, under low F_B/F_I conditions, the oil droplets remain compact and rise steadily (within 20 s), while under high F_B/F_I conditions, this time is longer, reaching 35 to 50 s. This study provides guidance for pollutant removal and personnel health protection in industrial workshops.

在加工间隙，经常有微米级的油滴释放，伴随着短期的热气流，浮力弱。准确地揭示污染气流的发展和油滴的扩散，可以为污染控制和人员健康保护提供更有效的指导。本研究使用大涡模拟来研究这一过程。结果表明，热气流初始浮力FB与初始惯性力FI的比值对涡结构的演变和气流的发展有显著影响。在低FB/FI条件下（FB/FI < 0.98），气流核心边缘形成涡，主气流在上升过程中保持稳定的“流质量”结构。而在高FB/FI条件下（FB/FI > 29.4），不对称涡的形成主要发生在气流核心和尾迹处，气流呈“流带状”结构。研究还发现，微米级油滴的扩散模式随FB/FI的不同而不同。低FB/FI源表现出显著的水平扩散，无因次扩散半径达到源等效半径的1.5 ~ 2倍（rₛ），造成短期高剂量暴露风险。相反，高FB/FI源导致油滴水平扩散相对有限（1.2 ~ 1.4rs）。在垂直方向上，在低FB/FI条件下，油滴保持致密且稳定上升（在20 s内），而在高FB/FI条件下，这一时间更长，达到35 ~ 50 s。本研究对工业车间的污染物去除和人员健康防护具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Ten questions concerning urban wind environments for the safe utilization of urban air mobility 城市风环境对城市空中交通安全利用的十个问题

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114136

Hongyuan Jia , Chao Lin , Mahiro Iwabuchi , Hideki Kikumoto

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is experiencing rapid global development and is projected to deliver substantial benefits to the evolution of modern cities. Its application requires a precise understanding of urban wind environments and the establishment of safe flight operations. This paper organizes the relationship between UAM and urban wind environments into ten key questions, summarizing essential concepts, technological advancements, and research trends. It examines the effects of turbulent flows generated by buildings and structures in urban areas on the flight stability of UAM, while also exploring methods for airflow prediction and wind environment control through urban design. Furthermore, it discusses evaluation techniques for urban airflow using numerical fluid and meteorological analysis, wind tunnel experiments, observational technologies, and the potential of new predictive methods leveraging machine learning. Additionally, the paper presents challenges and countermeasures for UAM operations, including the mitigation and optimization of wind conditions through building layout and design, flight route planning, UAM’s influence on non-wind urban environments, and the establishment of operation regulations.

城市空中交通（UAM）正在全球迅速发展，预计将为现代城市的发展带来实质性的好处。它的应用需要对城市风环境的精确理解和安全飞行操作的建立。本文将UAM与城市风环境之间的关系归纳为十个关键问题，总结了基本概念、技术进展和研究趋势。研究城市地区建筑物和构筑物产生的湍流对UAM飞行稳定性的影响，同时探索通过城市设计进行气流预测和风环境控制的方法。此外，它还讨论了利用数值流体和气象分析、风洞实验、观测技术以及利用机器学习的新预测方法的潜力来评估城市气流的技术。提出了UAM运行面临的挑战和对策，包括通过建筑布局设计、航路规划、UAM对无风城市环境的影响、UAM运行规则的建立等。

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引用次数: 0

Air temperature differences and view factor influences between sidewalks and roadways in urban streets: A case study in Hangzhou, China 城市街道中人行道和道路的空气温差及景观因子影响：以杭州为例

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114149

Zichen Zhao , Hai Yan , Huaizhen Zhu , Xinge Nan , Renwu Wu , Wenting Wang , Wei Yang , Lin Zhu , Jiangnan Shi , Fan Yang , Zhiyi Bao

Urban thermal environment issues are becoming increasingly severe. Traditional thermal assessments based on street centerlines often overlook the spatial heterogeneity within street cross-sections, potentially leading to misjudgments of pedestrian heat exposure risks. This study aims to uncover the differences in air temperature and three-dimensional geometric view factors (VFs) between sidewalks and roadways, and to explore the regulatory mechanisms of VFs on local air temperature. Mobile measurements were conducted on typical streets in Hangzhou during the summer of 2024, capturing meteorological data during both daytime and nighttime. Fisheye images were analyzed using semantic segmentation to extract three types of VFs: Sky View Factor (SVF), Building View Factor (BVF), and Tree View Factor (TVF). Results showed that the mean SVF on sidewalks was 0.32, significantly lower than that on roadways (0.67, P < 0.01), while BVF and TVF on sidewalks were 0.42 and 0.26, respectively, both significantly higher than the corresponding values on roadways. Regarding air temperature, the average daytime air temperature on roadways was 38.71 °C, 0.4 °C higher than on sidewalks. At night, sidewalk temperatures were slightly higher than those on roadways, with greater spatial fluctuations. Correlation analysis revealed that VFs on sidewalks were more strongly associated with air temperature. In particular, daytime TVF was negatively correlated with temperature (R² = 0.388), while nighttime BVF showed a positive correlation (R² = 0.506). These findings highlight air temperature heterogeneity within street cross-sections and suggest that separating sidewalks and roadways improves thermal assessment accuracy and supports more climate-responsive street design.

城市热环境问题日益严峻。传统的基于街道中心线的热评估往往忽略了街道横截面内的空间异质性，从而可能导致对行人热暴露风险的误判。本研究旨在揭示人行道和道路之间空气温度和三维几何景观因子的差异，并探讨三维几何景观因子对当地空气温度的调节机制。研究于2024年夏季在杭州市典型街道进行了移动测量，采集了白天和夜间的气象数据。利用语义分割技术对鱼眼图像进行分析，提取出天空视图因子（SVF）、建筑视图因子（BVF）和树视图因子（TVF）三种类型的vf。结果表明：人行道的SVF均值为0.32，显著低于公路（0.67,P < 0.01）；人行道的BVF和TVF均值分别为0.42和0.26，均显著高于公路。在气温方面，公路白天平均气温为38.71℃，比人行道高0.4℃。夜间，人行道温度略高于公路温度，且空间波动较大。相关分析显示，人行道上的VFs与气温的相关性更强。其中，白天TVF与气温呈负相关（R²= 0.388），夜间BVF呈正相关（R²= 0.506）。这些发现强调了街道横截面内空气温度的异质性，并表明将人行道和道路分开可以提高热评估的准确性，并支持更具气候响应性的街道设计。

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引用次数: 0