Building and Environment最新文献_第4页

Sensory stimuli in the built environment for autistic people: A scoping review 自闭症患者建筑环境中的感官刺激：范围综述

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114271

Zhihao Wang, Siti Sarah Herman, Noranita Mansor, Shuaijie Yan

The built environment significantly influences the health and well-being of autistic people. Among its many dimensions, the intensity, density, scale, and spatial configuration of sensory stimuli directly impact autistic people’s sensory perception and environmental adaptability. Despite growing recognition of sensory needs in inclusive design discourse, studies on how built environments can support appropriate sensory conditions for autistic people remain limited. To bridge this gap, this study uses a scoping review to identify, synthesize, and analyze existing studies on autistic people’s sensory experiences and related design considerations, thereby identifying key characteristics that enhance sensory inclusivity in built environments. Following the PRISMA-ScR methodology, 77 studies were included. The findings highlight the need to design sensory-inclusive built environments that holistically support autistic people’s well-being across three interrelated dimensions: physical, psychological, and social. Four primary sensory modalities were identified as central to environmental experiences: visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory. Across these modalities, eleven key environmental factors were identified: lighting, color, visual complexity, material, thermal, spatial configuration, acoustic parameters, sound source attributes, functional area odors, wayfinding, and natural elements. These factors are operationalized through six design qualities: safety, sensory balance, adjustability, predictability, controllability, and recovery. The outcomes of this review provide architects, designers, policymakers, and stakeholders with guidance for developing more inclusive built environments that promote the well-being of autistic people.

建成环境显著影响自闭症患者的健康和福祉。感官刺激的强度、密度、尺度和空间配置等维度直接影响自闭症患者的感官知觉和环境适应性。尽管在包容性设计话语中越来越多地认识到感官需求，但关于建筑环境如何为自闭症患者提供适当的感官条件的研究仍然有限。为了弥补这一差距，本研究采用了一种范围审查来识别、综合和分析现有的关于自闭症患者感官体验和相关设计考虑的研究，从而确定增强建筑环境感官包容性的关键特征。按照PRISMA-ScR方法，纳入了77项研究。研究结果强调，需要设计具有感官包容性的建筑环境，从三个相互关联的方面全面支持自闭症患者的福祉：身体、心理和社会。四种主要的感觉模式被确定为环境体验的核心：视觉、听觉、触觉和嗅觉。在这些模式中，确定了11个关键的环境因素：照明、颜色、视觉复杂性、材料、热、空间配置、声学参数、声源属性、功能区气味、寻路和自然元素。这些因素通过六个设计品质来实现：安全性、感官平衡性、可调节性、可预测性、可控性和可恢复性。本综述的结果为建筑师、设计师、政策制定者和利益相关者提供了指导，以开发更具包容性的建筑环境，促进自闭症患者的福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal differences between children and adults in relation to street landscape structure: A case study of Hangzhou 儿童与成人热差异与街道景观结构的关系——以杭州为例

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114273

Xiaoya Jin , Tailong Zhang , Xiaohua Wu , Weilin Lou , Yamei Shen , Ziyang Zhang , Yuehan Guo

With the intensification of the urban heat island effect, children are increasingly exposed to elevated thermal stress in street environments. This study focuses on typical school-route streets in Hangzhou, combining field measurements and ENVI-met simulations to examine how street landscape structures (SVF, BVF, TVF) influence thermal differences between children and adults. Cooling effects under various intervention scenarios were also evaluated. Results show that: (1) children generally experience higher thermal exposure than adults, with children’s PET commonly exceeding that of adults by 1–4 °C during daytime and reaching 6–9 °C during specific periods, showing pronounced temporal characteristics; (2) the coupling between street geometry and the three-dimensional radiation field constitutes the fundamental mechanism driving these differences. Due to height-dependent variations in view factors, children are more exposed to longwave radiation from near-ground surfaces and lower building facades. In E-W oriented streets, the low solar altitude angle further induces multiple reflections and concentration of shortwave radiation within the lower part of the street canyon, amplifying these differences; (3) trees provide the most effective cooling, whereas discontinuous tree canopies lead to localized thermal fluctuations, and highly reflective materials may cause secondary heating. To promote child-friendly cities, it is essential to adopt a height-sensitive microclimate assessment framework and to coordinately optimize street orientation, tree configuration, and surface materials in order to achieve thermal environmental equity. This research provides scientific guidance for child-friendly street design and urban microclimate optimization, supporting more climate-adaptive and equitable urban environments.

随着城市热岛效应的加剧，儿童在街道环境中受到的热应力越来越高。本研究以杭州市典型的学校路线街道为研究对象，结合实地测量和ENVI-met模拟，研究街道景观结构（SVF、BVF、TVF）对儿童和成人热差异的影响。对不同干预方案下的降温效果进行了评价。结果表明：(1)儿童的热暴露程度普遍高于成人，儿童的PET在白天比成人高1 ~ 4℃，在特定时期达到6 ~ 9℃，具有明显的时间特征；(2)街道几何形态与三维辐射场之间的耦合是导致这些差异的根本机制。由于视野因素的高度变化，儿童更多地暴露于近地面和较低建筑立面的长波辐射。在东西向的街道上，低太阳高度角进一步引起了街道峡谷下部短波辐射的多次反射和集中，放大了这些差异；(3)树木提供最有效的冷却，而不连续的树冠导致局部热波动，高反射材料可能导致二次加热。为了促进儿童友好型城市，必须采用高度敏感的小气候评估框架，协调优化街道朝向、树木配置和地面材料，以实现热环境公平。本研究为儿童友好型街道设计和城市微气候优化提供科学指导，支持更具气候适应性和公平性的城市环境。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal characteristics of the vehicle-cabin thermal environment and occupant thermal responses under strong summer solar radiation 夏季强太阳辐射下车舱热环境及乘员热响应的时空特征

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114272

Yuxin Yang , Rui Zhao , Juan Yu , Deyin Zhang , Borong Lin , Kaiyue Ma , Xi Zhang , Haifeng Xia

To investigate the thermal environment and human thermal comfort in a vehicle cabin under intense summer solar radiation, this study conducted real vehicle experiments in a climatic chamber with controlled solar irradiation and simulated driving speed. A comparative analysis investigated the physical environmental parameters (air temperature, air speed, heat flux/solar radiation, and Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature (EHT)) at 4 × 16 positions near the occupants under two scenarios: with and without the sunshade. The spatiotemporal distribution patterns of these parameters and the human subjective thermal responses (TSV, DSV, etc.) were compared. The results revealed significant inhomogeneity in the multiphysical fields inside the cabin. The maximum head-to-foot EHT difference reached 8.5 °C, while the average air speed across different body locations varied by up to 0.31 m/s. The forearm experienced the highest solar radiation intensity, up to 78 W/m². The use of the sunshade achieved a 22 °C reduction in mean EHT and reshaped the thermal stratification, establishing a stable "warm feet, cool head" pattern that better aligns with human comfort requirements. Particular attention should be given to the combined influence of the head (37.6%) and forearms (30.3%) on overall thermal perception. Based on the findings, a localized thermal comfort map for the tested young Chinese male was developed, identifying a gradient of local thermal neutral EHT from the head (26.5 °C) to the lower limbs (31.6 °C). Accordingly, a zoned thermal control strategy "cool the head, relax lower limb constraints" was proposed. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis and data-driven support for the design of precise environmental control systems in next-generation intelligent vehicle cabins.

为了研究夏季强烈太阳辐射下汽车舱内的热环境和人体热舒适性，本研究在受控太阳辐射和模拟驾驶速度的气候室内进行了实车实验。对比分析了在有遮阳和没有遮阳两种情况下，靠近乘员4 × 16个位置的物理环境参数（空气温度、风速、热流密度/太阳辐射和等效均匀温度）。比较了这些参数与人类主观热响应（TSV、DSV等）的时空分布格局。结果表明，机舱内的多物理场存在明显的不均匀性。头部到脚的最大EHT差异达到8.5°C，而不同身体位置的平均空气速度差异高达0.31 m/s。前臂的太阳辐射强度最高，达到78 W/m²。遮阳伞的使用使平均EHT降低了22°C，并重塑了热分层，建立了稳定的“暖脚，凉头”模式，更好地符合人类的舒适要求。应特别注意头部（37.6%）和前臂（30.3%）对整体热感觉的综合影响。基于研究结果，研究人员绘制了中国年轻男性的局部热舒适图，确定了从头部（26.5°C）到下肢（31.6°C）的局部热中性EHT梯度。据此，提出了“冷却头部，放松下肢约束”的分区热控制策略。研究结果为下一代智能汽车驾驶室精确环境控制系统的设计提供了理论依据和数据支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of walking activity on micro-environment heat convection and thermal comfort in chemical protective clothing 步行活动对化学防护服微环境热对流及热舒适性的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114277

Sheng He , Jie Yang , Feifan He , Song Chen , Jialin Wu , Liangchang Shen , Xin Zheng , Ming Fu , Yayun Li , Wenguo Weng

Walking exerts complex influences on heat transfer within the micro-environment of chemical protective clothing (CPC), and consequently impairs wearers’ thermal comfort. Existing studies lack approaches for the rapid estimation of heat transfer and thermal comfort. To elucidate this issue, an intermittent meditation-walking-meditation protocol at 2 km·h⁻¹ under two ambient temperatures: 25 °C and 40 °C was performed by human-subject trials. Micro-environment ambient temperature and relative humidity at chest and upper arm were measured, as well as skin temperature and subjective perceptions. Furthermore, dimensionless analysis (Nusselt number (Nu), Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri)) quantified convective dynamics and evaluated thermal comfort vote (TCV). The results showed that during walking at 40 °C, the chest skin temperature and micro-environmental temperature at the chest CPC inner boundary increased by 2.9 °C (34.2±0.4 °C → 37.1±0.2 °C) and 12.3 °C (25.3±1.6 °C → 37.6±0.6 °C), respectively. While corresponding increasements were only 1.5 °C and 3.9 °C at 25 °C. Walking induced forced convection in micro-environment and differed across body segments: turbulent flow (Re: 3500—3650) was evaluated at the chest with the micro-environmental thickness of 70—150 mm, while laminar flow at the upper arm (thickness 5—25 mm). Furthermore, synergistic heating from the environment and skin narrowed the micro-environmental temperature difference, weakening natural convection. This lowered the chest Nu and dropped TCV to -1.88. Finally, micro-environmental temperature showed a strong negative linear correlation with TCV (R² > 0.8). This study clarified key regulators of CPC micro-environmental convection, offering support for region-specific CPC design optimization and thermal comfort improvement.

行走对化学防护服微环境内的热传递有复杂的影响，从而影响穿着者的热舒适性。现有的研究缺乏快速估计传热和热舒适的方法。为了阐明这一问题，在25°C和40°C两种环境温度下，进行了2公里·h（⁻¹）的间歇冥想-步行-冥想方案。测量微环境环境温度、胸部和上臂相对湿度、皮肤温度和主观感觉。此外，无量纲分析（努塞尔数（Nu）、雷诺数（Re）、理查德森数（Ri））量化了对流动力学并评估了热舒适投票（TCV）。结果表明，在40℃下行走时，胸部皮肤温度和胸部CPC内边界微环境温度分别升高2.9℃（34.2±0.4℃→37.1±0.2℃）和12.3℃（25.3±1.6℃→37.6±0.6℃）。而在25℃时，相应的升温幅度仅为1.5℃和3.9℃。行走诱导的微环境强迫对流在不同身体部位存在差异：在微环境厚度70 - 150mm的胸部处评估湍流（Re: 3500-3650），而在上臂处评估层流（厚度5 - 25mm）。此外，来自环境和皮肤的协同加热缩小了微环境温差，减弱了自然对流。这降低了胸前Nu， TCV降至-1.88。微环境温度与TCV呈较强的负线性相关（R²> 0.8）。本研究明确了CPC微环境对流的关键调节因子，为区域CPC设计优化和热舒适改善提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal variations in indoor thermal environments and dynamic comfort of passengers in airport terminals during winter 冬季机场候机楼室内热环境与乘客动态舒适度时空变化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114268

Yuxin Yang , Juan Yu , Deyin Zhang , Hao Tang , Wenzhong Jiang , Libin Han , Junmin Li , Borong Lin , Yu Dong

Clarifying passengers’ dynamic thermal comfort needs is essential for sustainable civil aviation and for progressing toward zero-carbon airport terminals. This study adopts a passenger “whole-journey” perspective. It examines spatiotemporal variations in thermal conditions and subjective responses in a major hub terminal during winter in a mild (Cwb) climate. Field measurements in key functional zones revealed clear thermal non-uniformity. Large temperature gradients occurred between boundary transition zones and interior areas. These step changes often exceeded commonly used comfort limits for transitional exposure. We also observed strong zonal differences in thermal neutral temperature (TNT), ranging from 17.6 °C to 20.2 °C. In most zones, the measured operative temperatures were higher than the neutral requirement. This indicates an “overheating margin” and suggests energy-saving potential. Based on zone-level setpoint alignment with TNT, heating loads could theoretically be reduced by 7 %–18.5 % in some zones. The weighted average saving across primary passenger areas is 7.7 %. Waiting time further shaped comfort requirements. It served as a practical proxy for metabolic-rate decay. TNT increased from 18.3 °C to 20.3 °C when dwell time exceeded 60 min. Finally, we explored an LLM-based predictor as a complementary tool for thermal sensation inference, achieving 72.8 % accuracy (within ±1 TSV). This work proposes a passenger-centered framework for zone-specific control, demonstrating the exploratory potential of AI-assisted prediction in low-carbon operations.

明确乘客的动态热舒适需求对于可持续民用航空和向零碳机场航站楼迈进至关重要。本研究采用乘客“全程”视角。它检查了在一个主要枢纽终端的热条件和主观反应的时空变化在冬季在温和（Cwb）气候。关键功能区的现场测量显示出明显的热不均匀性。在边界过渡区和内部区域之间存在较大的温度梯度。这些阶跃变化通常超过了通常使用的过渡性暴露的舒适限度。我们还观察到热中性温度（TNT）在17.6°C至20.2°C之间存在明显的地带性差异。在大多数区域，测量的工作温度高于中性要求。这表明存在“过热幅度”，并暗示了节能潜力。基于区域级设定值与TNT的一致性，理论上某些区域的热负荷可以减少7% - 18.5%。主要客运区的加权平均节省率为7.7%。等待时间进一步塑造了舒适度要求。它作为代谢率衰减的实用代理。当停留时间超过60 min时，TNT由18.3℃增加到20.3℃。最后，我们探索了一个基于llm的预测器作为热感觉推断的补充工具，达到72.8%的准确率（在±1 TSV内）。这项工作提出了一个以乘客为中心的区域特定控制框架，展示了人工智能辅助预测在低碳运营中的探索潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing urban wind environment in high-density built-up areas through targeted redevelopment of inefficient land 通过对低效用地的定向再开发，优化高密度建成区的城市风环境

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114265

Xiwen Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Shifa Ma , Peng Yang , Shijie Luo , Lan Ma , Yunnan Cai , Bikai Chen , Wanzhu Zhao

The development of urban ventilation corridors is a viable strategy to alleviate thermal environmental stress. Accurately identifying critical zones for urban ventilation and formulating spatial planning strategies to improve ventilation performance are essential for sustainable urban development. In this study, Guangzhou, as a city with high-density construction and a typical area for urban renewal, is taken as a case study. Based on the "wind direction-resistance surface-corridor" framework, urban ventilation corridors are proposed, and key zones are identified by incorporating urban inefficient land. Furthermore, optimal pathways for urban ventilation corridors are explored in the context of urban renewal by floor area ratio (FAR)-based scenario modeling. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of ventilation corridors in Guangzhou is uneven, mainly concentrated in low to medium-density building areas and along rivers, green spaces, and the like. (2) Approximately 10.43% of Guangzhou’s inefficient land intersects with urban ventilation corridors, with Yuexiu and Liwan districts having the highest proportion (over 40%). Redeveloping these inefficient areas could significantly enhance ventilation. (3) FAR is not a critical factor affecting the wind environment, and the impact of different ranges of FAR on ventilation effects varies. Even with an increased FAR, a favorable wind environment can be maintained through adjustments in building height and orientation. The urban planning policies proposed in this study can provide references for the redevelopment of inefficient land to maximize ventilation effects.

城市通风走廊的发展是缓解热环境压力的可行策略。准确识别城市通风关键区域，制定改善通风性能的空间规划策略，对城市可持续发展至关重要。本文以广州作为高密度建设城市和城市更新的典型区域为研究对象。基于“风向-阻力地面-廊道”框架，提出了城市通风廊道，并结合城市低效用地，确定了重点区域。此外，通过基于容积率（FAR）的场景建模，探讨了城市更新背景下城市通风走廊的最佳路径。结果表明：(1)广州市通风廊道空间分布不均匀，主要集中在中低密度建筑区域及沿河、绿地等地。(2)广州市约10.43%的低效用地与城市通风廊道相交，其中越秀区和荔湾区所占比例最高（超过40%）。重新开发这些效率低下的区域可以显著改善通风。(3)远比不是影响风环境的关键因素，不同远比范围对通风效果的影响是不同的。即使增加了FAR，也可以通过调整建筑高度和朝向来保持良好的风环境。本研究提出的城市规划政策可以为低效用地的再开发提供参考，以最大限度地提高通风效果。

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引用次数: 0

AI-driven morphological optimization for resilient retrofitting of mediterranean housing stock under compounded urban heat island and heatwave effects 城市热岛和热浪复合效应下地中海住宅存量弹性改造的人工智能驱动形态优化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114266

Alireza Karimi, David Moreno-Rangel, Antonio García-Martínez

The compounded effects of urban heatwaves (HW) and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon threaten the thermal resilience of Mediterranean residential buildings; yet, few studies evaluate building performance under localized future climate conditions. This study addresses this gap by combining high-resolution climate projections (EUROCORDEX) with UHI adjustments to generate localized weather files for Madrid across historical (2006–2020), mid-term (2040–2060), and long-term (2080–2100) periods under RCP8.5. Twenty residential building archetypes were simulated in EnergyPlus to evaluate energy use intensity (EUI) and operational carbon intensity (OCI) during peak thermal stress events.

Key findings show that mean air temperature during HW events may increase by ∼3.5 °C by 2100, potentially doubling cooling energy demand. The results identify a significant "resilience gap": compact, well-oriented buildings achieved up to 27% lower EUI compared to less resilient typologies under identical code-compliant upgrades. Geometry-optimized designs identified via machine learning and genetic algorithms reduced EUI by up to 18% and OCI by up to 22% relative to baseline designs. Notably, up to 45% of today’s retrofitted buildings are projected to fail compliance with future CTE cooling limits, highlighting a critical need for regulatory reform.

This study demonstrates the combined value of localized climate data and generative AI to inform "form-first" resilience strategies. We propose a three-tier reform for building codes, incorporating morphological resilience coefficients and AI-assisted compliance probes to ensure Mediterranean housing remains habitable and sustainable under 21st-century climatic extremes.

城市热浪（HW）和城市热岛（UHI）现象的复合效应威胁着地中海住宅的热恢复能力；然而，很少有研究评估建筑在局部未来气候条件下的性能。本研究通过将高分辨率气候预测（EUROCORDEX）与热岛热岛调整相结合，在RCP8.5下生成马德里历史（2006-2020年）、中期（2040-2060年）和长期（2080-2100年）的局部天气文件，解决了这一差距。在EnergyPlus中模拟了20个住宅建筑原型，以评估峰值热应力事件时的能源使用强度（EUI）和运行碳强度（OCI）。主要研究结果表明，到2100年，高通量事件期间的平均气温可能增加~ 3.5℃，可能使冷却能源需求增加一倍。结果发现了一个显著的“弹性差距”：紧凑型、面向良好的建筑在相同的符合规范的升级下，与弹性较小的类型相比，EUI降低了27%。与基线设计相比，通过机器学习和遗传算法确定的几何优化设计将EUI和OCI分别降低了18%和22%。值得注意的是，目前高达45%的改造建筑预计不符合未来的CTE冷却限制，这凸显了监管改革的迫切需要。本研究展示了局部气候数据和生成式人工智能在为“形式优先”的复原力战略提供信息方面的综合价值。我们建议对建筑规范进行三层改革，结合形态弹性系数和人工智能辅助的合规调查，以确保地中海地区的住房在21世纪极端气候条件下仍然适合居住和可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the resistance and flow characteristics of a square diffuser under adjacent influence conditions based on design of experiments 基于实验设计的相邻影响条件下方形扩压器阻力及流动特性分析

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114259

Haimeng Li , Wei Xu , Ran Gao , Xinyu Zhang , Chi Zhang , Yan Tian , Yi Wang , Ruoyin Jing

Air terminals are crucial components of ventilation and air conditioning (VAC) systems, ensuring efficient airflow that maintains the indoor air quality and a favorable noise environment. Uneven outflows at the supply air endpoint disrupt the indoor air distribution under adjacent influence conditions (AICs) and affect the hydraulic balance of transmission systems, leading to resistance deviations. This study combines design of experiments (DoE) and numerical simulations to examine the changes exhibited by the outflow and resistance characteristics at the air supply end under AICs using a central composite design (CCD). An interaction analysis of the factors that influenced the outflow of a square diffuser was conducted using the response surface methodology (RSM). The full-scale experimental data provided the envelope surface distribution, throw distance, and axial velocity attenuation of the flow pattern of the square diffuser, confirming the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Under AICs, the coupling pressure loss coefficient of the square diffuser was reduced by 22.4% compared with that of the traditional methods. This research introduces a more accurate approach for predicting resistance in duct distribution systems, optimizing airflows, minimizing noise, and achieving energy savings. These findings have significant implications for improving HVAC system designs, reducing energy consumption levels, and enhancing the comfort of occupants in real-world applications.

空气终端是通风和空调（VAC）系统的重要组成部分，确保有效的气流，保持室内空气质量和良好的噪声环境。送风端点的不均匀流出破坏了相邻影响条件下的室内气流分布，影响了传动系统的水力平衡，导致阻力偏差。本研究采用中心复合设计（CCD），结合实验设计（DoE）和数值模拟，研究了在AICs下供气端流出和阻力特性的变化。采用响应面法（RSM）对影响方形扩散器流出的因素进行了相互作用分析。全尺寸实验数据提供了方形扩压器流型的包络面分布、抛射距离和轴向速度衰减，验证了数值模拟的准确性。在AICs下，方形扩压器的耦合压力损失系数比传统方法降低了22.4%。这项研究介绍了一种更准确的方法来预测管道分配系统的阻力，优化气流，最小化噪音，并实现节能。这些发现对于改善暖通空调系统设计、降低能耗水平和提高实际应用中居住者的舒适度具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load in existing large spaces based on unsteady-state Block-Gebhart model 基于非稳态Block-Gebhart模型的既有大空间热环境和分层空调负荷预测

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114267

Yufeng Miao, Chen Huang, Jiyang Zhu, Tong Yang, Zhijun Zou, Fei Wang

In this study, an improved Block–Gebhart (B–G) model is developed to enhance the prediction accuracy of unsteady thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load (SACL) in large space buildings, with a particular focus on glass structures. The model accounts for the unsteady thermal storage of the building envelope as well as the distribution of solar-transmitted radiation across inner wall surfaces using the harmonic reaction method, and its performance has been validated through measurements in two existing large space buildings under a total of seven operating cases. The results indicate that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of both air temperature and inner wall temperature remain at an acceptable level over the entire measurement period, with values of 3.5% and 5.9% for air and wall temperatures in Cases A1–A4, and 5.0% and 4.8% in Cases B1–B3, respectively. The mean absolute errors (MAE) of air and wall temperature are 1.1 °C and 1.9 °C for Cases A1–A4, and 1.1 °C and 1.4 °C for Cases B1–B3, respectively. Furthermore, the SACL calculated by the unsteady B–G model also shows good agreement with the measured data, with MAPEs of 3.4% (Case A1–A4) and 3.9% (Case B1–B3).

本文以玻璃结构为研究对象，建立了一种改进的Block-Gebhart （B-G）模型，以提高大空间建筑非稳态热环境和分层空调负荷（SACL）的预测精度。该模型采用谐波反应法计算了建筑围护结构的非定常蓄热和太阳透射辐射在内墙表面的分布，并通过对两座既有大空间建筑共7个工况的测量验证了其性能。结果表明，在整个测量期间，空气温度和内壁温度的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）保持在可接受的水平，A1-A4的空气温度和内壁温度的平均值分别为3.5%和5.9%，B1-B3的平均值分别为5.0%和4.8%。a1 ~ a4的空气温度和壁面温度的平均绝对误差（MAE）分别为1.1℃和1.9℃，b1 ~ b3的平均绝对误差为1.1℃和1.4℃。此外，非定常B-G模型计算的SACL与实测数据吻合较好，mape分别为3.4% （A1-A4）和3.9% （B1-B3）。

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引用次数: 0

CFD approach to hybrid ventilation for mitigating hydrogen leak dispersion in double-decker fuel cell bus cabins 双层燃料电池客车舱内氢泄漏扩散的混合通风CFD方法研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114255

S.V. Vijaya Bushan, S. Rithvik, A.P. Arjun, R. Harish

As hydrogen emerges as a clean and efficient fuel for public transportation, ensuring onboard safety in hydrogen-powered vehicles becomes critical, especially during leaks in enclosed compartments. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics analysis of hydrogen dispersion dynamics in a double-decker hydrogen-powered bus following a leakage event. The primary motivation is to address safety concerns caused by the rapid dispersion of hydrogen, particularly in enclosed passenger areas where gas buildup near ignition sources may create significant hazards. The novelty of this work lies in systematically evaluating passive and active mitigation strategies, including strategically placed air curtains and emergency vents, to suppress cross-deck hydrogen transport and enhance rapid dilution. A detailed parametric study assessed the effects of air curtain placement, vent positioning and their combined interaction on hydrogen concentration distribution, leakage containment and venting efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that a symmetrically installed dual air curtain system around the leak source achieved optimal safety performance, reducing the hydrogen mass fraction in the lower deck by up to 85.7% while preventing vertical migration to the upper deck. Alternative configurations such as rear-mounted ventilation systems and strategically positioned air curtains at the front and rear, also significantly reduced the hydrogen accumulation by up to 63.11%, highlighting the role of combined buoyancy and momentum-driven mitigation mechanisms. The findings provide critical design insights for developing hydrogen-powered transportation systems with enhanced leak resilience and occupant protection, offering valuable guidelines for future regulatory and safety frameworks in the hydrogen mobility sector.

随着氢作为一种清洁高效的公共交通燃料的出现，确保氢动力汽车的车载安全变得至关重要，尤其是在封闭隔间发生泄漏的情况下。本文研究了泄漏事件后双层氢动力客车氢气弥散动力学的计算流体动力学分析。其主要动机是解决氢气快速扩散引起的安全问题，特别是在封闭的乘客区域，气体积聚在火源附近可能会造成重大危害。这项工作的新颖之处在于系统地评估被动和主动缓解策略，包括战略性地放置空气幕和应急通风口，以抑制跨甲板氢气输送并增强快速稀释。一项详细的参数研究评估了气幕放置、排气口定位及其相互作用对氢气浓度分布、泄漏抑制和排气效率的影响。仿真结果表明，在泄漏源周围对称安装的双气幕系统达到了最佳的安全性能，降低了下层甲板的氢气质量分数高达85.7%，同时防止了垂直向上层甲板的迁移。其他配置，如后置通风系统和前后放置的空气幕，也显著减少了高达63.11%的氢气积聚，突出了浮力和动量驱动的联合缓解机制的作用。研究结果为开发具有增强泄漏弹性和乘员保护的氢动力交通系统提供了关键的设计见解，为氢交通领域未来的监管和安全框架提供了有价值的指导方针。

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