Building and Environment最新文献_第4页

Soundscapes in home environments: The impact of home types and soundscapes on the recovery benefits of psychophysiological stress 家庭环境中的声景：家庭类型和声景对心理生理应激恢复效益的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114234

Chengmin Zhou , Mizhi Feng , Xuechen Zhang , Jake Kaner

Rapid urbanization has placed individuals under sustained high-stress loads, underscoring the urgent need for effective restorative environmental interventions. Using a 3

\times

3 factorial experimental design, this study systematically examines how three types of soundscapes (natural, music, urban) and three types of home environments (functional-efficiency, aesthetic-display, and comfort-relaxation) influence stress recovery, and further explores the moderating role of gender. We assessed recovery using physiological indicators, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA), along with subjective rating scales, to evaluate the joint effects of sound–home interactions on both physiological and psychological restoration. The results show: (1) both natural soundscapes and music soundscapes significantly increased

α

,

γ

, and

θ

wave power, reduced

β

wave power, improved heart rate variability (HRV) indices, and enhanced perceived restoration, whereas urban soundscapes produced predominantly adverse effects; (2) home type modulated recovery, with the relaxation-oriented home most effectively buffering the adverse impact of urban soundscapes, the aesthetic-oriented home supporting stronger positive arousal under natural soundscapes, and the functional-oriented home showing the weakest restorative profile overall; (3) gender differences emerged in several physiological measures, with female participants responding more favorably to natural and music soundscapes, whereas male participants displayed a more context-dependent dual pattern of “recovery vs. arousal” across different home environments. These findings reveal the multidimensional mechanisms by which soundscapes and home environments jointly shape stress recovery and highlight the applied value of beneficial soundscapes (natural and musical) for indoor restorative design in everyday living spaces.

快速城市化使个人承受持续的高压力负荷，强调迫切需要有效的恢复性环境干预措施。本研究采用3×3因子实验设计，系统考察了三种类型的声景（自然、音乐、城市）和三种类型的家庭环境（功能效率、美学展示和舒适放松）对压力恢复的影响，并进一步探讨了性别的调节作用。我们使用生理指标来评估恢复情况，包括脑电图（EEG）、心电图（ECG）和皮电活动（EDA），以及主观评定量表，以评估声音-家庭相互作用对生理和心理恢复的联合作用。结果表明：(1)自然声景和音乐声景均能显著提高α、γ和θ波能，降低β波能，提高心率变异性指数，增强感知恢复能力，而城市声景的负面效应明显；(2)家庭类型的调节性恢复，放松型家庭最有效地缓冲了城市声景观的负面影响，审美型家庭在自然声景观下支持更强的正性唤醒，而功能型家庭总体上表现出最弱的恢复特征；(3)生理指标存在性别差异，女性参与者对自然和音乐声景的反应更积极，而男性参与者在不同的家庭环境中表现出更依赖于情境的“恢复与觉醒”双重模式。这些发现揭示了声景观和家庭环境共同塑造压力恢复的多维机制，并突出了有益的声景观（自然和音乐）在日常生活空间室内恢复性设计中的应用价值。

{"title":"Soundscapes in home environments: The impact of home types and soundscapes on the recovery benefits of psychophysiological stress","authors":"Chengmin Zhou , Mizhi Feng , Xuechen Zhang , Jake Kaner","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has placed individuals under sustained high-stress loads, underscoring the urgent need for effective restorative environmental interventions. Using a 3<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>3 factorial experimental design, this study systematically examines how three types of soundscapes (natural, music, urban) and three types of home environments (functional-efficiency, aesthetic-display, and comfort-relaxation) influence stress recovery, and further explores the moderating role of gender. We assessed recovery using physiological indicators, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA), along with subjective rating scales, to evaluate the joint effects of sound–home interactions on both physiological and psychological restoration. The results show: (1) both natural soundscapes and music soundscapes significantly increased <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> wave power, reduced <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> wave power, improved heart rate variability (HRV) indices, and enhanced perceived restoration, whereas urban soundscapes produced predominantly adverse effects; (2) home type modulated recovery, with the relaxation-oriented home most effectively buffering the adverse impact of urban soundscapes, the aesthetic-oriented home supporting stronger positive arousal under natural soundscapes, and the functional-oriented home showing the weakest restorative profile overall; (3) gender differences emerged in several physiological measures, with female participants responding more favorably to natural and music soundscapes, whereas male participants displayed a more context-dependent dual pattern of “recovery vs. arousal” across different home environments. These findings reveal the multidimensional mechanisms by which soundscapes and home environments jointly shape stress recovery and highlight the applied value of beneficial soundscapes (natural and musical) for indoor restorative design in everyday living spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114234"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of pollutant re-introduction through ventilation openings into a building: A benchmark based on wind-tunnel experiments 污染物通过通风孔重新引入建筑物的量化：基于风洞实验的基准

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114262

Romain Guichard , Anjali Krishnan Radhakrishnan Jayakumari , Stefanie Gillmeier , Ali Bahloul

In occupational risk prevention, collective protection measures based on ventilation to reduce exposure to chemical hazards generally consist of containing a pollutant at its source, capturing it, and releasing it outdoors, after purification when it is applicable. However, unfiltered pollutants that are released can be re-introduced through ventilation air intakes or windows of the same building or neighbouring buildings, depending on wind conditions. Predicting the amount of pollutant re-introduced remains very challenging while essential to implement appropriate risk control measures. In this context, an experimental benchmark has been designed to quantify the dispersion and re-introduction of a pollutant in a reduced-scale building model. It accounts for the wind flow around the building, the building mechanical ventilation system, the emission and tracking of a tracer gas in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel (ABLWT). In addition to measurements of tracer gas concentration in the ventilation exhaust duct for 13 wind directions (0, 15, 30, 45, 50, 60, 75, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315°) and 3 wind speeds (6.4, 9.0 and 11.1 m/s at the building model height), a mapping of the concentration inside and outside the building at the ventilation air intakes is provided for the worst-case scenario of wind conditions. This experimental data is crucial for validating, under controlled conditions, pollutant dispersion models for both outdoor and indoor environments in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework, as well as for assessing ventilation network simulations using zonal or nodal approaches.

在职业风险预防中，以通风为基础的减少化学危害暴露的集体保护措施通常包括在污染源处控制污染物，捕获污染物，并在适当情况下经净化后释放到室外。然而，释放的未经过滤的污染物可能会根据风力情况，通过同一建筑物或邻近建筑物的通风进风口或窗户重新引入。预测重新引入的污染物数量仍然非常具有挑战性，但对实施适当的风险控制措施至关重要。在这种情况下，设计了一个实验基准来量化在缩小规模的建筑模型中污染物的扩散和重新引入。它描述了建筑物周围的风流、建筑物机械通风系统、大气边界层风洞中示踪气体的排放和跟踪。除了测量13个风向（0、15、30、45、50、60、75、90、135、180、225、270和315°）和3种风速（建筑模型高度6.4、9.0和11.1 m/s）下通风排风管中的示踪气体浓度外，还提供了最坏情况下通风进风口建筑物内外的浓度图。这些实验数据对于在受控条件下验证计算流体动力学（CFD）框架下室外和室内环境的污染物扩散模型，以及使用区域或节点方法评估通风网络模拟至关重要。

{"title":"Quantification of pollutant re-introduction through ventilation openings into a building: A benchmark based on wind-tunnel experiments","authors":"Romain Guichard , Anjali Krishnan Radhakrishnan Jayakumari , Stefanie Gillmeier , Ali Bahloul","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In occupational risk prevention, collective protection measures based on ventilation to reduce exposure to chemical hazards generally consist of containing a pollutant at its source, capturing it, and releasing it outdoors, after purification when it is applicable. However, unfiltered pollutants that are released can be re-introduced through ventilation air intakes or windows of the same building or neighbouring buildings, depending on wind conditions. Predicting the amount of pollutant re-introduced remains very challenging while essential to implement appropriate risk control measures. In this context, an experimental benchmark has been designed to quantify the dispersion and re-introduction of a pollutant in a reduced-scale building model. It accounts for the wind flow around the building, the building mechanical ventilation system, the emission and tracking of a tracer gas in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel (ABLWT). In addition to measurements of tracer gas concentration in the ventilation exhaust duct for 13 wind directions (0, 15, 30, 45, 50, 60, 75, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315°) and 3 wind speeds (6.4, 9.0 and 11.1 m/s at the building model height), a mapping of the concentration inside and outside the building at the ventilation air intakes is provided for the worst-case scenario of wind conditions. This experimental data is crucial for validating, under controlled conditions, pollutant dispersion models for both outdoor and indoor environments in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework, as well as for assessing ventilation network simulations using zonal or nodal approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114262"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate-resilient passive cooling optimization framework: Multi-dimensional trade-offs in hot semi-arid residential buildings 气候适应性被动式制冷优化框架：炎热半干旱居住建筑的多维权衡

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114230

Hisham Sharif Bala , Baizhan Li , Chenqiu Du , Danjuma Abdu Yusuf , Shafi’u Adamu

Global cooling demand is anticipated to increase thrice by 2050, particularly in hot semi-arid regions facing significant thermal stress, where mechanical cooling utilizes 125-180 kWh/m²/year, accounting for 60-75% of building energy use. This research establishes a climate-resilient optimization framework that combines multi-objective optimization with climate projections to assess passive cooling efficacy under current and projected scenarios in Northwestern Nigeria. A NSGA-II-TOPSIS framework, featuring a comprehensive Climate Resilience Index (CRI), was validated via field monitoring of six residential buildings during the hot dry season (February-May 2023). The methodology integrates multi-objective optimization with downscaled CMIP6 estimates for Representative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Energy Plus modelling attained calibration in accordance with ASHRAE requirements (NMBE ±5%, R² > 0.92). Optimized passive cooling solutions resulted in a 47-63% reduction in energy consumption and a 68.2% decrease in thermal discomfort hours. Peak temperature decreases of 3.8-4.5°C were observed, with comfort hours increasing from 15-20% to 78-82%. The CRI (0.65-0.89) signifies a 15-30% decline in performance by 2040, with passive systems sustaining adequate performance until 2040 under RCP4.5, but necessitating hybrid solutions by 2035 under RCP8.5. Grid-scale analysis indicates peak demand savings of 2.0-2.5 kW per building, resulting in 380-750 MW of avoided capacity. The framework demonstrates that climate-responsive passive cooling can function as the principal thermal management strategy in hot semi-arid environments until 2040, enhancing building science methodologies and facilitating climate-adaptive solutions.

预计到2050年，全球制冷需求将增加三倍，特别是在面临显著热应力的炎热半干旱地区，机械制冷每年使用125-180千瓦时/平方米，占建筑能耗的60-75%。本研究建立了一个气候适应性优化框架，将多目标优化与气候预测相结合，以评估尼日利亚西北部当前和预测情景下的被动制冷效果。通过在干热季节（2023年2月至5月）对六栋住宅建筑的现场监测，验证了具有综合气候恢复指数（CRI）的NSGA-II-TOPSIS框架。该方法将多目标优化与代表性浓度路径RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景的缩小CMIP6估计相结合。Energy Plus模型达到了ASHRAE要求的校准（NMBE±5%,R²> 0.92）。优化的被动冷却解决方案使能耗降低了47-63%，热不适时间减少了68.2%。峰值温度下降3.8-4.5°C，舒适时间从15-20%增加到78-82%。CRI（0.65-0.89）表明，到2040年，被动系统的性能将下降15-30%，在RCP4.5下，被动系统将保持足够的性能，但到2035年，在RCP8.5下，混合动力解决方案将成为必要。电网规模分析表明，每栋建筑的峰值需求节省2.0-2.5千瓦，从而避免380-750兆瓦的容量。该框架表明，到2040年，气候响应型被动冷却可以作为炎热半干旱环境的主要热管理策略，增强建筑科学方法并促进气候适应性解决方案。

{"title":"Climate-resilient passive cooling optimization framework: Multi-dimensional trade-offs in hot semi-arid residential buildings","authors":"Hisham Sharif Bala , Baizhan Li , Chenqiu Du , Danjuma Abdu Yusuf , Shafi’u Adamu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global cooling demand is anticipated to increase thrice by 2050, particularly in hot semi-arid regions facing significant thermal stress, where mechanical cooling utilizes 125-180 kWh/m²/year, accounting for 60-75% of building energy use. This research establishes a climate-resilient optimization framework that combines multi-objective optimization with climate projections to assess passive cooling efficacy under current and projected scenarios in Northwestern Nigeria. A NSGA-II-TOPSIS framework, featuring a comprehensive Climate Resilience Index (CRI), was validated via field monitoring of six residential buildings during the hot dry season (February-May 2023). The methodology integrates multi-objective optimization with downscaled CMIP6 estimates for Representative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Energy Plus modelling attained calibration in accordance with ASHRAE requirements (NMBE ±5%, R² > 0.92). Optimized passive cooling solutions resulted in a 47-63% reduction in energy consumption and a 68.2% decrease in thermal discomfort hours. Peak temperature decreases of 3.8-4.5°C were observed, with comfort hours increasing from 15-20% to 78-82%. The CRI (0.65-0.89) signifies a 15-30% decline in performance by 2040, with passive systems sustaining adequate performance until 2040 under RCP4.5, but necessitating hybrid solutions by 2035 under RCP8.5. Grid-scale analysis indicates peak demand savings of 2.0-2.5 kW per building, resulting in 380-750 MW of avoided capacity. The framework demonstrates that climate-responsive passive cooling can function as the principal thermal management strategy in hot semi-arid environments until 2040, enhancing building science methodologies and facilitating climate-adaptive solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114230"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing displacement ventilation in hospital wards during heating: Impact of local exhausts and airflow control elements 医院病房采暖时加强置换通风：局部排气和气流控制元件的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114253

Shaoyu Sheng , Toshio Yamanaka , Tomohiro Kobayashi

Achieving displacement ventilation (DV) during winter remains challenging, as buoyant supply air and cold drafts can disrupt the stratification essential for DV. Our previous work introduced an induction air-supply unit (IU) that premixes conditioned and indoor air, improving DV thermal comfort in summer and increasing fresh air delivery to the occupied zone in winter. Nevertheless, under heating conditions, the air supply to the occupied zone remained insufficient, and perimeter cold drafts continued to draw contaminants downward. Although a perimeter partition helped weaken pollutant transport and guide the air supply, overall ventilation efficiency remained constrained. This study investigates the combined use of local exhausts and passive airflow-control elements—including cubicle curtains, perimeter partitions, and ceiling hoods—to further improve winter DV performance. Full-scale experiments in a four-bed ward equipped with IUs and ceiling-mounted local exhausts were complemented by CFD simulations evaluating exhaust placement and flow-rate balance. Integrating local exhausts with cubicle curtains substantially enhanced ventilation effectiveness compared with a central exhaust, reducing normalized breathing-zone pollutant concentrations by more than 50 % (to ∼0.3) for perimeter patients, with the most favorable condition (below 0.1) observed for interior-bed emissions under ceiling-mounted curtains. Wall-adjacent exhausts provided more efficient capture, and overall performance depended on pollutant source location and exhaust flow distribution. As the culminating stage of our IU optimization research, this study demonstrates that practical passive airflow-control layouts, when combined with local exhausts, can achieve near-optimal winter ventilation without additional mechanical systems, effectively addressing the long-standing winter performance limitations of IUs and DV in hospital wards.

在冬季实现置换通风（DV）仍然具有挑战性，因为浮力供应空气和冷气流会破坏对DV至关重要的分层。我们之前的工作介绍了一种感应送风装置（IU），它将调节空气和室内空气预混在一起，在夏季提高DV的热舒适性，在冬季增加向占用区输送的新鲜空气。然而，在加热条件下，被占领区的空气供应仍然不足，周围的冷气流继续向下吸入污染物。尽管周界隔断有助于减弱污染物的输送和引导空气供应，但整体通风效率仍然受到限制。本研究调查了局部排气和被动气流控制元素的结合使用，包括隔间窗帘、周长隔板和天花板罩，以进一步改善冬季DV性能。在配备IUs和天花板安装的局部排气装置的四床病房中进行了全尺寸实验，并辅以CFD模拟来评估排气放置和流量平衡。与中央排气相比，将局部排气与隔间窗帘相结合大大提高了通风效率，将周边患者的标准化呼吸区污染物浓度降低了50%以上（至~ 0.3），在天花板安装窗帘的室内床排放中观察到最有利的条件（低于0.1）。靠近壁面的排气提供了更有效的捕获，总体性能取决于污染源位置和排气流分布。作为我们IU优化研究的最终阶段，本研究表明，实用的被动气流控制布局，当与局部排气相结合时，可以在没有额外机械系统的情况下实现接近最佳的冬季通风，有效地解决了医院病房IU和DV长期存在的冬季性能限制。

{"title":"Enhancing displacement ventilation in hospital wards during heating: Impact of local exhausts and airflow control elements","authors":"Shaoyu Sheng , Toshio Yamanaka , Tomohiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving displacement ventilation (DV) during winter remains challenging, as buoyant supply air and cold drafts can disrupt the stratification essential for DV. Our previous work introduced an induction air-supply unit (IU) that premixes conditioned and indoor air, improving DV thermal comfort in summer and increasing fresh air delivery to the occupied zone in winter. Nevertheless, under heating conditions, the air supply to the occupied zone remained insufficient, and perimeter cold drafts continued to draw contaminants downward. Although a perimeter partition helped weaken pollutant transport and guide the air supply, overall ventilation efficiency remained constrained. This study investigates the combined use of local exhausts and passive airflow-control elements—including cubicle curtains, perimeter partitions, and ceiling hoods—to further improve winter DV performance. Full-scale experiments in a four-bed ward equipped with IUs and ceiling-mounted local exhausts were complemented by CFD simulations evaluating exhaust placement and flow-rate balance. Integrating local exhausts with cubicle curtains substantially enhanced ventilation effectiveness compared with a central exhaust, reducing normalized breathing-zone pollutant concentrations by more than 50 % (to ∼0.3) for perimeter patients, with the most favorable condition (below 0.1) observed for interior-bed emissions under ceiling-mounted curtains. Wall-adjacent exhausts provided more efficient capture, and overall performance depended on pollutant source location and exhaust flow distribution. As the culminating stage of our IU optimization research, this study demonstrates that practical passive airflow-control layouts, when combined with local exhausts, can achieve near-optimal winter ventilation without additional mechanical systems, effectively addressing the long-standing winter performance limitations of IUs and DV in hospital wards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimal modification to displacement ventilation for significant improvement through air redistribution 对置换通风进行最小程度的修改，通过空气再分配实现显著改善

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114254

Zi Cheng , Jingkai Wang , Zhenying Zhang , Hao Simone Wang , Yibin Lu , Zekai Mu , Jian Liu , Zhang Lin

Due to its excellent performance in energy efficiency and air quality, displacement ventilation has become a standard in many existing buildings. However, traditional solutions of ventilation system replacement for improving its performance are often difficult to implement due to high costs and invasive construction work. This study aims to propose and validate a non-invasive retrofit concept of air redistribution to address this issue. Specifically, an integrated ventilation and air purification system is introduced and validated to overcome the limitation. By designing the airflow patterns of the integrated system, this approach not only enhances indoor environmental quality but also reduces energy consumption. Full-scale experiments are conducted, and computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to provide further insight into airflow patterns. The findings indicate that the retrofit provides a thermal environment approaching thermal neutrality while reducing vertical temperature difference to a negligible degree. The retrofit decreases the mean air age at the breathing zone by 14%. Furthermore, the retrofit enhances the energy utilisation coefficient by 15%. The air redistribution concept proposed in this study provides a novel theoretical framework and technical approach for upgrading existing ventilation systems under strict structural constraints.

由于其在能源效率和空气质量方面的优异性能，置换通风已成为许多现有建筑的标准。然而，传统的更换通风系统以提高其性能的解决方案往往难以实施，因为其成本高且施工过程具有侵入性。本研究旨在提出并验证一种非侵入性的空气再分配改造概念来解决这一问题。具体来说，介绍并验证了一种集成通风和空气净化系统来克服限制。通过设计集成系统的气流模式，既提高了室内环境质量，又降低了能耗。进行了全尺寸实验，并进行了计算流体动力学模拟，以进一步了解气流模式。研究结果表明，改造提供了一个接近热中性的热环境，同时将垂直温差降低到可以忽略不计的程度。改造后，呼吸区的平均空气龄降低了14%。此外，改造后的能源利用系数提高了15%。本研究提出的空气再分配概念为在严格的结构约束下升级现有通风系统提供了新的理论框架和技术方法。

{"title":"Minimal modification to displacement ventilation for significant improvement through air redistribution","authors":"Zi Cheng , Jingkai Wang , Zhenying Zhang , Hao Simone Wang , Yibin Lu , Zekai Mu , Jian Liu , Zhang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its excellent performance in energy efficiency and air quality, displacement ventilation has become a standard in many existing buildings. However, traditional solutions of ventilation system replacement for improving its performance are often difficult to implement due to high costs and invasive construction work. This study aims to propose and validate a non-invasive retrofit concept of air redistribution to address this issue. Specifically, an integrated ventilation and air purification system is introduced and validated to overcome the limitation. By designing the airflow patterns of the integrated system, this approach not only enhances indoor environmental quality but also reduces energy consumption. Full-scale experiments are conducted, and computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to provide further insight into airflow patterns. The findings indicate that the retrofit provides a thermal environment approaching thermal neutrality while reducing vertical temperature difference to a negligible degree. The retrofit decreases the mean air age at the breathing zone by 14%. Furthermore, the retrofit enhances the energy utilisation coefficient by 15%. The air redistribution concept proposed in this study provides a novel theoretical framework and technical approach for upgrading existing ventilation systems under strict structural constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114254"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human metabolic pollutants in bedrooms at typical occupancy density: Composition analysis and effects on sleep quality 典型占用密度下卧室中人体代谢污染物的成分分析及其对睡眠质量的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114247

Xiaojing Zhang , Yiting Liu , Mei Wang , Jingchao Xie

The formulation of effective air quality and ventilation standards for sleep environment depends on fundamental data of human emission characteristics and a clear understanding of their impact on sleep quality. This study quantified CO₂ and VOC concentrations in thermally neutral confined bedrooms under three typical occupant densities, monitoring sleep stages, environmental perceptions, and physiological responses in eight healthy adults. Results showed an inverse relationship between per-capita CO₂ emission rate and CO₂ exposure concentration. Relative to the baseline concentration (1,063 ± 182 ppm), this relationship necessitated correction factors of 0.79 and 0.73 for mean indoor CO₂ levels of 1,351 ± 343 ppm and 2,194 ± 623 ppm, respectively. Air analysis indicated that 94 % of dual-source human-material compounds (25 compounds across five categories) accumulated with increasing occupant density. Notably, total emission mass concentrations of dual-origin VOCs significantly exceeded those from materials alone: non-benzenoid hydrocarbons by 10-fold, benzenoid hydrocarbons by 3–4 times, and halogenated compounds/esters by 1.5 times. When the average indoor CO₂ concentration at night was 2,194 ± 623 ppm (with a peak of 2,838 ppm), sleep efficiency declined to 86.3 %, vagal nerve hyperactivity manifested, and post-wake systolic blood pressure increased. To ensure sleep quality and health, average CO₂ concentration of bedroom should remain below 2200 ppm (peak less than 3000 ppm). VOC purification should prioritize non-benzenoid hydrocarbons (less than 65 μg/m³), benzenoid hydrocarbons (less than 225 μg/m³), halogenated compounds (less than 95 μg/m³), and esters (less than 55 μg/m³), with lower concentrations preferred.

有效的睡眠环境空气质量和通风标准的制定取决于人体排放特征的基本数据和对其对睡眠质量影响的清晰认识。本研究量化了三种典型居住者密度下热中性密闭卧室中的CO2和VOC浓度，监测了8名健康成人的睡眠阶段、环境感知和生理反应。结果表明，人均CO2排放量与CO2暴露浓度呈负相关。相对于基线浓度（1063±182 ppm），对于平均室内CO2浓度（1351±343 ppm和2194±623 ppm），这种关系需要分别校正0.79和0.73因子。空气分析表明，随着居住密度的增加，94%的人-物双源化合物（5类25种化合物）积累。值得注意的是，双源挥发性有机化合物的总排放质量浓度明显超过材料本身：非苯类烃的10倍，苯类烃的3-4倍，卤化化合物/酯的1.5倍。当夜间室内平均CO₂浓度为2194±623 ppm（峰值为2838 ppm）时，睡眠效率下降至86.3%，迷走神经表现出过度活跃，醒来后收缩压升高。为了保证睡眠质量和健康，卧室的平均二氧化碳浓度应保持在2200ppm以下（峰值不超过3000ppm）。VOC净化应优先考虑非苯类烃（小于65 μg/m3）、苯类烃（小于225 μg/m3）、卤化化合物（小于95 μg/m3）和酯类（小于55 μg/m3），浓度越低越好。

{"title":"Human metabolic pollutants in bedrooms at typical occupancy density: Composition analysis and effects on sleep quality","authors":"Xiaojing Zhang , Yiting Liu , Mei Wang , Jingchao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formulation of effective air quality and ventilation standards for sleep environment depends on fundamental data of human emission characteristics and a clear understanding of their impact on sleep quality. This study quantified CO<sub>2</sub> and VOC concentrations in thermally neutral confined bedrooms under three typical occupant densities, monitoring sleep stages, environmental perceptions, and physiological responses in eight healthy adults. Results showed an inverse relationship between per-capita CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate and CO<sub>2</sub> exposure concentration. Relative to the baseline concentration (1,063 ± 182 ppm), this relationship necessitated correction factors of 0.79 and 0.73 for mean indoor CO<sub>2</sub> levels of 1,351 ± 343 ppm and 2,194 ± 623 ppm, respectively. Air analysis indicated that 94 % of dual-source human-material compounds (25 compounds across five categories) accumulated with increasing occupant density. Notably, total emission mass concentrations of dual-origin VOCs significantly exceeded those from materials alone: non-benzenoid hydrocarbons by 10-fold, benzenoid hydrocarbons by 3–4 times, and halogenated compounds/esters by 1.5 times. When the average indoor CO₂ concentration at night was 2,194 ± 623 ppm (with a peak of 2,838 ppm), sleep efficiency declined to 86.3 %, vagal nerve hyperactivity manifested, and post-wake systolic blood pressure increased. To ensure sleep quality and health, average CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of bedroom should remain below 2200 ppm (peak less than 3000 ppm). VOC purification should prioritize non-benzenoid hydrocarbons (less than 65 μg/m<sup>3</sup>), benzenoid hydrocarbons (less than 225 μg/m<sup>3</sup>), halogenated compounds (less than 95 μg/m<sup>3</sup>), and esters (less than 55 μg/m<sup>3</sup>), with lower concentrations preferred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114247"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of clothing types on physiological and perceptual responses in hot and humid underground environments 服装类型对高温潮湿地下环境中生理和知觉反应的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114246

Xingming Wang , Yijiang Wang , Wenbo Fan , Chunli Sang , Xiaojuan Lai

The thermal environments encountered by miners in deep underground spaces become more severe as mining depth increases. The miners' work wear (MWW) further amplifies the risk of heat strain. This study aimed to elucidate the extent and mechanisms of physiological and perceptual indicators through a comparative analysis of the thermal responses of subjects wearing MWW versus summer sports clothing (SSC) in a hot and humid environment. Human trials were conducted within a climatic chamber, where subjects' thermophysiological and psychological parameters were measured. Additionally, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), physiological strain index (PSI), and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated. The results revealed that subjects wearing MWW exhibited heightened thermal physiological and perceptual responses. MWW led to increases in core temperature, mean skin temperature, total sweat loss, and heart rate by 0.35 °C, 0.72 °C, 194.61 g, and 11.82 bpm, compared to SSC conditions, respectively. MWW exacerbated respiratory perception and RPE, and increased the PSI and PeSI. It also diminished the reliability of predicting thermal physiological parameters through thermal perceptions. Furthermore, the rise in metabolic rate amplified the detrimental effects of MWW on salt ion loss, reaching 67.24 mmol/L under MWW versus 12.25 mmol/L under SSC. The impact of MWW on thermal comfort vote was more pronounced than its effect on thermal sensation vote. The findings could provide a foundation for the design of personal protective clothing, the optimization of ventilation strategy, and the management of heat strain in hot and humid underground environments.

随着开采深度的增加，矿工在深部地下空间所遇到的热环境也越来越严峻。矿工的工作服（MWW）进一步加大了热疲劳的风险。本研究旨在通过对比分析穿着MWW和夏季运动服（SSC）的受试者在湿热环境下的热反应，阐明生理和知觉指标的程度和机制。人体试验是在一个气候室中进行的，在那里测量了受试者的热生理和心理参数。此外，计算感知用力评分（RPE）、生理应变指数（PSI）和感知应变指数（PeSI）。结果显示，穿着MWW的受试者表现出更高的热生理和知觉反应。与SSC相比，MWW导致核心温度、平均皮肤温度、总失汗量和心率分别增加0.35°C、0.72°C、194.61 g和11.82 bpm。MWW加重了呼吸感觉和RPE，增加了PSI和PeSI。这也降低了通过热感知预测热生理参数的可靠性。此外，代谢率的升高放大了MWW对盐离子损失的有害影响，MWW下达到67.24 mmol/L，而SSC下为12.25 mmol/L。MWW对热舒适投票的影响大于对热感觉投票的影响。研究结果可为地下湿热环境中个人防护服的设计、通风策略的优化和热应变的管理提供依据。

{"title":"Effects of clothing types on physiological and perceptual responses in hot and humid underground environments","authors":"Xingming Wang , Yijiang Wang , Wenbo Fan , Chunli Sang , Xiaojuan Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal environments encountered by miners in deep underground spaces become more severe as mining depth increases. The miners' work wear (MWW) further amplifies the risk of heat strain. This study aimed to elucidate the extent and mechanisms of physiological and perceptual indicators through a comparative analysis of the thermal responses of subjects wearing MWW versus summer sports clothing (SSC) in a hot and humid environment. Human trials were conducted within a climatic chamber, where subjects' thermophysiological and psychological parameters were measured. Additionally, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), physiological strain index (PSI), and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated. The results revealed that subjects wearing MWW exhibited heightened thermal physiological and perceptual responses. MWW led to increases in core temperature, mean skin temperature, total sweat loss, and heart rate by 0.35 °C, 0.72 °C, 194.61 g, and 11.82 bpm, compared to SSC conditions, respectively. MWW exacerbated respiratory perception and RPE, and increased the PSI and PeSI. It also diminished the reliability of predicting thermal physiological parameters through thermal perceptions. Furthermore, the rise in metabolic rate amplified the detrimental effects of MWW on salt ion loss, reaching 67.24 mmol/L under MWW versus 12.25 mmol/L under SSC. The impact of MWW on thermal comfort vote was more pronounced than its effect on thermal sensation vote. The findings could provide a foundation for the design of personal protective clothing, the optimization of ventilation strategy, and the management of heat strain in hot and humid underground environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114246"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quantitative model of indoor illuminance and light color combinations effects on different initial emotional states using physiological measures 室内照度和光色组合对不同初始情绪状态影响的定量模型

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114233

Xuejiao Li , Mincheol Whang , Jing Zhang , Hongguo Ren

Quantitative analysis of how light color and illuminance interact to regulate different initial emotions is crucial for improving adaptive intelligent building lighting systems. This study employs event-related potentials (ERPs) from emotion-picture stimuli, brain connectivity metrics, and machine learning methods to investigate the interaction strategies for light color and illuminance in multidimensional emotional regulation across different initial emotion states, spanning physiological to perceptual dimensions. Participants (N = 33) completed the PAD subjective emotion questionnaire and a responsive visual emotion-picture stimuli task under 18 artificial lighting conditions. Results indicate that yellow 180 lx lighting most effectively regulates the valence dimension of negative emotions, while purple 100 lx lighting enhances arousal in positive emotions. Blue lighting at different illuminance levels demonstrates differential effects on attentional focus across emotional states. Illuminance and light color exhibit significant correlations with occipital P300 components and directly influence Fz-Pz brain connectivity metrics. Comparative results of emotion prediction models indicate that using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) enhances prediction accuracy for both the P300 component and brain connectivity metrics. This study holds significant implications for evaluating emotion and cognition based intelligent lighting systems and researching adaptive lighting systems for emotional regulation. It provides quantitative lighting parameter references for implementing emotional lighting strategies during the initial stages of lighting design.

定量分析光色和照度如何相互作用以调节不同的初始情绪对于改进自适应智能建筑照明系统至关重要。本研究采用事件相关电位（事件相关电位）、脑连通性指标和机器学习方法，研究了不同初始情绪状态下光线颜色和照度在多维情绪调节中的相互作用策略，涵盖生理和感知维度。33名受试者在18种人工照明条件下完成PAD主观情绪问卷和反应性视觉情绪图片刺激任务。结果表明，黄色照明对消极情绪效价维度的调节效果最好，而紫色照明对积极情绪效价维度的调节效果最好。不同照度的蓝色照明对不同情绪状态的注意力集中有不同的影响。照度和光色与枕部P300成分显著相关，并直接影响Fz-Pz脑连接指标。情绪预测模型的比较结果表明，使用多层感知器（MLP）可以提高P300分量和大脑连接指标的预测精度。本研究对于评估基于情绪和认知的智能照明系统以及研究用于情绪调节的自适应照明系统具有重要意义。为在照明设计初期实施情感化照明策略提供定量的照明参数参考。

{"title":"A quantitative model of indoor illuminance and light color combinations effects on different initial emotional states using physiological measures","authors":"Xuejiao Li , Mincheol Whang , Jing Zhang , Hongguo Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative analysis of how light color and illuminance interact to regulate different initial emotions is crucial for improving adaptive intelligent building lighting systems. This study employs event-related potentials (ERPs) from emotion-picture stimuli, brain connectivity metrics, and machine learning methods to investigate the interaction strategies for light color and illuminance in multidimensional emotional regulation across different initial emotion states, spanning physiological to perceptual dimensions. Participants (<em>N</em> = 33) completed the PAD subjective emotion questionnaire and a responsive visual emotion-picture stimuli task under 18 artificial lighting conditions. Results indicate that yellow 180 lx lighting most effectively regulates the valence dimension of negative emotions, while purple 100 lx lighting enhances arousal in positive emotions. Blue lighting at different illuminance levels demonstrates differential effects on attentional focus across emotional states. Illuminance and light color exhibit significant correlations with occipital P300 components and directly influence Fz-Pz brain connectivity metrics. Comparative results of emotion prediction models indicate that using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) enhances prediction accuracy for both the P300 component and brain connectivity metrics. This study holds significant implications for evaluating emotion and cognition based intelligent lighting systems and researching adaptive lighting systems for emotional regulation. It provides quantitative lighting parameter references for implementing emotional lighting strategies during the initial stages of lighting design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing overventilation through fan speed reduction in multi-unit residential buildings with pressurized corridor and in-unit ventilation systems 采用加压走廊和单元内通风系统的多单元住宅通过降低风扇转速来解决过度通风问题

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114238

Natalie Fylak , Marianne F. Touchie

In-unit ventilation systems (e.g. ERV/HRVs) are becoming increasingly popular in new multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Canada, however centralized ventilation systems are still needed to supply air to the corridors. Corridor ventilation is typically delivered with a pressurized corridor (PC) system, often designed using industry rules of thumb (e.g. 30 cfm /door), resulting in excessively high supply flow rates that could meet the combined corridor and unit ventilation demand. This is an industry holdover from when PC systems were responsible for the whole building ventilation load, and these higher-than-necessary flow rates result in energy waste. A field study was conducted in a MURB located in Toronto, Canada, to determine if PC supply flow rates could be reduced to save energy, while still maintaining corridor pressurization and occupant satisfaction. The study also analysed the impact of occupant behaviors and weatherstripping additions on corridor air pressure changes. During the winter, when stack effect was most severe, the PC system could not maintain positive pressurization on the lowest floors, even at the highest fan speeds. Despite pressurization issues, minimum corridor flow rates required by ASHRAE 62.1 were consistently met and surveys show residents did not perceive changes in air quality as supply flow rates were decreased. Meanwhile, lowering the fan speed to 50% capacity could save 5.5 kWh/m²/year, demonstrating that reducing corridor air supply can be a practical energy saving strategy despite some loss of pressurization on the lowest floors.

单元内通风系统（如ERV/ hrv）在加拿大的新多单元住宅建筑（murb）中越来越受欢迎，但是仍然需要集中通风系统向走廊供气。走廊通风通常采用加压走廊（PC）系统，通常采用行业经验规则（例如30 cfm /门）设计，导致过高的供应流量，可以满足走廊和单元通风的组合需求。这是从PC系统负责整个建筑通风负荷的行业遗留下来的，这些高于必要的流量导致能源浪费。在加拿大多伦多的一个城市城市规划中心进行了一项实地研究，以确定在保持走廊压力和居住者满意度的同时，是否可以降低PC供应流量以节省能源。研究还分析了乘员行为和增加挡风雨条对走廊气压变化的影响。在冬季，当堆栈效应最严重时，PC系统无法在最低楼层保持正压，即使在最高风扇转速下。尽管存在加压问题，但ASHRAE 62.1要求的最低走廊流量始终得到满足，调查显示，随着供应流量的降低，居民并没有感觉到空气质量的变化。同时，将风机转速降低到50%，可以节省5.5 kWh/m²/年，这表明减少走廊送风是一种实用的节能策略，尽管最低楼层的压力会有所损失。

{"title":"Addressing overventilation through fan speed reduction in multi-unit residential buildings with pressurized corridor and in-unit ventilation systems","authors":"Natalie Fylak , Marianne F. Touchie","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-unit ventilation systems (e.g. ERV/HRVs) are becoming increasingly popular in new multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Canada, however centralized ventilation systems are still needed to supply air to the corridors. Corridor ventilation is typically delivered with a pressurized corridor (PC) system, often designed using industry rules of thumb (e.g. 30 cfm /door), resulting in excessively high supply flow rates that could meet the combined corridor and unit ventilation demand. This is an industry holdover from when PC systems were responsible for the whole building ventilation load, and these higher-than-necessary flow rates result in energy waste. A field study was conducted in a MURB located in Toronto, Canada, to determine if PC supply flow rates could be reduced to save energy, while still maintaining corridor pressurization and occupant satisfaction. The study also analysed the impact of occupant behaviors and weatherstripping additions on corridor air pressure changes. During the winter, when stack effect was most severe, the PC system could not maintain positive pressurization on the lowest floors, even at the highest fan speeds. Despite pressurization issues, minimum corridor flow rates required by ASHRAE 62.1 were consistently met and surveys show residents did not perceive changes in air quality as supply flow rates were decreased. Meanwhile, lowering the fan speed to 50% capacity could save 5.5 kWh/m²/year, demonstrating that reducing corridor air supply can be a practical energy saving strategy despite some loss of pressurization on the lowest floors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114238"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clustering-derived prototypical spectral profiles of glazing for energy, daylighting, and circadian performance 用于能源、采光和昼夜节律性能的玻璃的聚类衍生原型光谱剖面

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114239

Neda Ghaeili Ardabili, Julian Wang

Window systems’ spectral profiles influence energy use, daylight availability, and circadian-effective light; however, standard performance metrics rely on single-parameter, integrated values that do not capture the underlying spectral behavior governing these outcomes. This study develops a representative spectral library for architectural glazing through a two-stage clustering framework applied to 6269 spectral power distributions (SPDs) from the International Glazing Database. Using K-means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian Mixture Models, and evaluating with the Davies–Bouldin Index, Silhouette Score, WCSS, EVR, and CHI, the dataset is reduced to 25 prototypical SPDs that achieve an average coverage ratio of 70.1% of the spectral patterns in current glazing products. A new circadian-focused design metric, Spatial Circadian Daylight Autonomy (sCDA), is introduced to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of melanopic daylight. This metric, together with spatial daylight autonomy and ENERGY STAR criteria, is used to assess the representative glazing systems, assembled as insulated glazing units and evaluated across four ENERGY STAR climate zones. Results indicate that the North-Central climate zone is less sensitive to variations in glazing spectral behavior, with 44% of samples meeting all three performance criteria simultaneously. Overall, the study produces a reproducible, data-driven spectral library that supports future research and practical window selection.

窗户系统的光谱分布影响能源使用、日光可用性和昼夜有效光；然而，标准的性能指标依赖于单一参数、综合值，而不能捕获控制这些结果的潜在光谱行为。本研究通过两阶段聚类框架，应用于国际玻璃数据库中的6269个光谱功率分布（spd），开发了一个具有代表性的建筑玻璃光谱库。使用K-means、分层聚类和高斯混合模型，并使用davis - bouldin指数、Silhouette Score、WCSS、EVR和CHI进行评估，将数据集减少到25个原型spd，这些spd的平均覆盖率达到当前玻璃产品中光谱模式的70.1%。引入了一种新的以昼夜节律为中心的设计度量，即空间昼夜节律自主（sCDA），以量化黑视日光的空间和时间分布。该指标与空间日光自主性和能源之星标准一起用于评估代表性的玻璃系统，这些系统被组装为隔热玻璃单元，并在四个能源之星气候区进行评估。结果表明，中北部气候区对玻璃光谱行为的变化不太敏感，44%的样品同时满足所有三个性能标准。总的来说，该研究产生了一个可重复的、数据驱动的光谱库，支持未来的研究和实际的窗口选择。

{"title":"Clustering-derived prototypical spectral profiles of glazing for energy, daylighting, and circadian performance","authors":"Neda Ghaeili Ardabili, Julian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Window systems’ spectral profiles influence energy use, daylight availability, and circadian-effective light; however, standard performance metrics rely on single-parameter, integrated values that do not capture the underlying spectral behavior governing these outcomes. This study develops a representative spectral library for architectural glazing through a two-stage clustering framework applied to 6269 spectral power distributions (SPDs) from the International Glazing Database. Using K-means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian Mixture Models, and evaluating with the Davies–Bouldin Index, Silhouette Score, WCSS, EVR, and CHI, the dataset is reduced to 25 prototypical SPDs that achieve an average coverage ratio of 70.1% of the spectral patterns in current glazing products. A new circadian-focused design metric, Spatial Circadian Daylight Autonomy (sCDA), is introduced to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of melanopic daylight. This metric, together with spatial daylight autonomy and ENERGY STAR criteria, is used to assess the representative glazing systems, assembled as insulated glazing units and evaluated across four ENERGY STAR climate zones. Results indicate that the North-Central climate zone is less sensitive to variations in glazing spectral behavior, with 44% of samples meeting all three performance criteria simultaneously. Overall, the study produces a reproducible, data-driven spectral library that supports future research and practical window selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0