Building and Environment最新文献_第4页

Experimental investigation comparing Far-UVC (222nm) and UVC (254nm) for inactivation of bacteria on hard and fabric surfaces 比较远紫外线（222 纳米）和紫外线（254 纳米）对硬表面和织物表面细菌灭活作用的实验研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112324

X.W. Su , B.R. Chen , W.S. Li , A.C.K. Lai

Bacterial infections are very common and can result from contact with contaminated surfaces in indoor environments. Far-UVC irradiation (222 nm) is now being explored as an emerging solution for disinfecting surfaces. We conducted a comparison of the surface disinfection efficacy between two UVC sources: a krypton-chloride Far-UVC lamp at 222 nm and a traditional 254 nm mercury-type UVC lamp. We evaluated the bactericidal effects of UVC irradiation at ten doses from 0.5 mJ/cm² to 37.6 mJ/cm² for both wavelengths on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), on two commonly encountered hard surfaces: plastic and stainless steel, and MRSA was tested for cotton fabric. The results indicated that for hard surfaces two decay stages were identified as the UVC dose increased. In the first stage, the three bacteria exhibited rapid inactivation. However, as the irradiation approached 5 mJ/cm², the decay rate slowed down, indicating the occurrence of a second stage. Our study highlights the importance of cautious calculation when using a specific stage to estimate UVC dose for disinfection purposes. Specifically, we found that achieving 99.9% disinfection efficacy of MRSA on a plastic surface requires an actual Far-UVC dose of 32.80 mJ/cm². In contrast, if only the first stage decay rate constant is considered, the dose would be greatly underestimated (8.368 mJ/cm²). This shows the large discrepancy between these two estimation approaches. The Far-UVC irradiation results on cotton fabric surfaces did not exhibit a second stage, which may relate to the fabric structure.

细菌感染非常常见，可因接触室内环境中受污染的表面而引起。远紫外线照射（222 纳米）作为一种新兴的表面消毒解决方案，目前正受到人们的关注。我们对两种紫外线源的表面消毒效果进行了比较：一种是 222 纳米的氪-氯远红外线灯，另一种是传统的 254 纳米汞型紫外线灯。我们评估了两种波长 0.5 mJ/cm2 至 37.6 mJ/cm2 十个剂量的紫外线照射对两种常见硬表面（塑料和不锈钢）上耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、肺炎克雷伯菌（K. pneumoniae）和绿脓杆菌（P. aeruginosa）的杀菌效果，并对棉织物上的 MRSA 进行了测试。结果表明，随着紫外线剂量的增加，硬表面的衰变分为两个阶段。在第一阶段，三种细菌迅速失活。然而，当辐照剂量接近 5 mJ/cm2 时，衰变速度减慢，表明出现了第二阶段。我们的研究强调了在使用特定阶段估算紫外线消毒剂量时谨慎计算的重要性。具体而言，我们发现，要在塑料表面达到 99.9% 的 MRSA 消毒效果，实际远紫外线剂量必须达到 32.80 mJ/cm²。相比之下，如果只考虑第一阶段衰减速率常数，剂量将被大大低估（8.368 mJ/cm²）。这表明这两种估算方法之间存在巨大差异。棉织物表面的远紫外线辐照结果没有出现第二阶段，这可能与织物结构有关。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the performance of different internal insulation systems in real-life conditions ‐ A case study 评估不同内部隔热系统在实际条件下的性能 - 案例研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112319

Panagiota Pagoni , Eva Birgit Møller , Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri , Nickolaj Feldt Jensen

Thermal retrofitting of historic buildings is essential to reducing heat loss in all buildings. Although exterior insulation often is hygrothermally a better solution, internal insulation is the only option in facades worthy of preservation (e.g., solid masonry external walls). However, mold growth has frequently been discovered in buildings with internal insulation at the interface between the insulation and the original wall, while simulations and lab tests show minimum risk, and vice versa. Therefore, real-life testing is required so that the building owners are more likely to accept these measures.

This paper presents a case study of an 1837-built typical historic building. The study focuses on the building's top floor, a residential area (commune). Eight different rooms have four different types of internal insulation installed. The performance of the insulation systems was determined by monitoring the interior and exterior climate and the temperature and relative humidity at the intersection of the insulation and the existing wall for 20 months. The risk of mold growth was estimated based on the measurements. In the wall interfaces, the Mold Index indicated that the risk for mold growth is not severe. Hygrothermal simulations for the measured period and ten years were also performed. To increase simulation accuracy, the original exterior masonry bricks underwent laboratory testing to determine their precise material properties. The main outcome from the simulations was that the three vapor-open systems were more susceptible to indoor moisture load changes and had an elevated risk of mold growth, whereas the vapor-tight system was more robust to variation in insulation thickness and internal moisture level changes, and in this case, demonstrated the best performance in respect to moisture safety.

历史建筑的保温改造对于减少所有建筑的热损失至关重要。虽然外墙隔热通常是一种更好的湿热解决方案，但对于值得保护的外墙（如实心砌体外墙）来说，内墙隔热是唯一的选择。然而，在采用内保温层的建筑中，经常会在保温层与原墙的交接处发现霉菌生长，而模拟和实验室测试显示风险最小，反之亦然。因此，需要进行实际测试，这样建筑物业主才更有可能接受这些措施。本文介绍了对一栋建于 1837 年的典型历史建筑的案例研究。研究重点是该建筑的顶层，即住宅区（公社）。八个不同的房间安装了四种不同类型的内部隔热材料。隔热系统的性能是通过对室内外气候以及隔热层与现有墙壁交接处的温度和相对湿度进行 20 个月的监测来确定的。根据测量结果估算霉菌生长的风险。墙体交接处的霉菌指数表明，霉菌生长的风险并不严重。此外，还进行了测量期间和十年的湿热模拟。为了提高模拟的准确性，对原有的外墙砌砖进行了实验室测试，以确定其精确的材料特性。模拟的主要结果是，三种蒸汽开放式系统更容易受到室内湿度负荷变化的影响，霉菌生长的风险也更高，而蒸汽密闭式系统对隔热层厚度变化和内部湿度变化的抵抗力更强，在这种情况下，在防潮安全方面表现最佳。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of biophilic design on college student perception of mental health and environmental benefits: A dose-response study 亲生物设计对大学生心理健康和环境效益感知的影响：剂量反应研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112318

Kaigang Li , Ashley Perrault , Wendy A. DeYoung , Emma Cameron , Chad T. Miller , Alison S. O'Connor , Mengmeng Gu , Barry Braun

We examined a dose-response relationship of plants placed in a university classroom with college students’ self-reported cognitive performance, mental and psychosomatic health, environmental quality perceptions, and objectively measured indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters. This quasi-experimental design study involved two university classrooms, a Comparison Classroom (CC) and a Biophilic Classroom (BC). In the BC, but not in the CC, 50 plants were placed in Week 4 (W4), an additional 51 in W10, and all plants removed in W14. Surveys were administered at 4 time points (T1: W3 [baseline]; T2: W7; T3: W13, and T4: W16) to assess students’ perceptions and health outcomes, including perceived stress, cognitive performance, nature connectedness, indoor environmental quality, air freshness, odor intensity, productivity, and sleepiness, with scores ranging from 0–40 (stress), 1–7 (sleepiness), or 1–5 (other variables). IAQ was monitored continuously using TSI AirAssure™ Monitors. At Baseline, 257 students completed the survey in the CC and 80 in the BC. Plants in the BC significantly improved students' perceived indoor environmental quality (T2: 4.04 vs. 3.51, p<.001; T3: 4.00 vs. 3.52, p<.001), air freshness (T2: 4.07 vs. 3.41, p<.001; T3: 3.91 vs. 3.48, p<.01), and productivity (T2: 3.33 vs. 2.91, p<.01; T3: 3.33 vs. 2.90, p<.01). However, adding more plants did not further improve these perceptions. No significant differences were found in students’ cognitive performance, perceived stress, sleepiness, nature connectedness, or IAQ parameters between CC and BC. Plants in the classroom improved students’ perceived classroom environment and productivity but did not affect the objectively measured IAQ parameters.

我们研究了在大学教室中摆放植物与大学生自我报告的认知表现、心理和心身健康、环境质量感知以及客观测量的室内空气质量（IAQ）参数之间的剂量反应关系。这项准实验设计研究涉及两个大学教室，一个是对比教室（CC），另一个是亲生物教室（BC）。在 BC 中，第 4 周（W4）摆放了 50 盆植物，第 10 周又摆放了 51 盆植物，第 14 周移走了所有植物。在 4 个时间点（T1：第 3 周[基线]；T2：第 7 周；T3：第 13 周；T4：第 16 周）进行调查，评估学生的感知和健康结果，包括感知压力、认知表现、与自然的联系、室内环境质量、空气清新度、气味强度、工作效率和嗜睡程度，评分范围为 0-40（压力）、1-7（嗜睡）或 1-5（其他变量）。室内空气质量由 TSI AirAssure™ 监测器进行连续监测。在基线调查中，257 名学生完成了 CC 区的调查，80 名学生完成了 BC 区的调查。BC 中的植物明显改善了学生对室内环境质量的感知（T2：4.04 vs. 3.51，p<.001；T3：4.00 vs. 3.52，p<.001）、空气新鲜度（T2：4.04 vs. 3.51，p<.001；T3：4.00 vs. 3.52，p<.001）、空气清新度（T2：4.07 vs. 3.41，p<.001; T3：3.91 vs. 3.48，p<.01）和工作效率（T2：3.33 vs. 2.91，p<.01; T3：3.33 vs. 2.90，p<.01）。然而，增加植物并没有进一步改善这些看法。在学生的认知表现、感知压力、嗜睡、与自然的联系或室内空气质量参数方面，CC 和 BC 之间没有发现明显的差异。教室中的植物改善了学生对教室环境的感知，提高了学习效率，但并未影响客观测量的室内空气质量参数。

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引用次数: 0

How does shade infrastructure affect outdoor thermal comfort during hot, humid summers? Evidence from Nanjing, China 在炎热潮湿的夏季，遮阳基础设施如何影响室外热舒适度？来自中国南京的证据

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112320

Zhenyu Gai , Haiwei Yin , Fanhua Kong , Jie Su , Zhou Shen , Hui Sun , Shaoqi Yang , Hongqing Liu , Ariane Middel

With global climate change and urbanization, the urban heat island effect and extreme heat have negatively affected the outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) of urban residents. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how the built environment affects OTC to improve urban design and promote outdoor activities. Trees increase OTC under hot, sunny conditions, and dynamic shade cast from buildings has also been found to affect OTC positively. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the synergistic cooling effects of trees and building shade on OTC. Taking Nanjing City, China, as the study area, this study investigates the differences and synergistic effects of various urban shade infrastructure on OTC. The ENVI-met model was used to simulate two scenarios with and without trees, and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated to quantify OTC. The results show that tree removal increased air temperature, wind speed, direct shortwave radiation, and decreased relative humidity, leading to an increase in PET by about 5.9 to 9.4 °C. Our shade analysis reveals that building shade can reduce PET by around 5.1 to 9.8 °C. Overall, urban shade infrastructure (mainly including trees and buildings) can reduce PET by around 9.4 to 17.1 °C synergistically. The nonlinear relationship of tree structural characteristics related to PET is further discussed to determine planning priorities and propose heat mitigation strategies to optimize physical spaces. We recommend combining dynamic shade from various urban infrastructure to improve OTC in the summer, improving urban outdoor livability.

随着全球气候变化和城市化的发展，城市热岛效应和极端高温对城市居民的室外热舒适度（OTC）产生了负面影响。因此，研究建筑环境如何影响室外热舒适度，对于改善城市设计和促进户外活动至关重要。在炎热、阳光充足的条件下，树木会增加室外热舒适度，而建筑物的动态遮阳也会对室外热舒适度产生积极影响。然而，关于树木和建筑遮阳对 OTC 的协同冷却效应的研究还很有限。本研究以中国南京市为研究区域，探讨了各种城市遮阳基础设施对 OTC 的差异和协同效应。利用 ENVI-met 模型模拟了有树和无树的两种情景，并计算了生理当量温度（PET）以量化 OTC。结果表明，移除树木会增加气温、风速、直接短波辐射，并降低相对湿度，导致 PET 上升约 5.9 至 9.4 °C。我们的遮阳分析表明，建筑遮阳可使 PET 降低约 5.1 至 9.8 °C。总体而言，城市遮阳基础设施（主要包括树木和建筑物）可协同降低 PET 约 9.4 至 17.1 °C。我们进一步讨论了树木结构特征与 PET 的非线性关系，以确定规划重点，并提出优化物理空间的防暑降温策略。我们建议将各种城市基础设施的动态遮阳结合起来，以改善夏季的室外温度，提高城市室外宜居性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal control strategy for a cutting-edge hybrid ventilation system in classrooms: Comparative analysis based on air pollution levels across cities 教室中尖端混合通风系统的优化控制策略：基于城市空气污染水平的比较分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112295

Seyedkeivan Nateghi , Amirmohammad Behzadi , Jan Kaczmarczyk , Pawel Wargocki , Sasan Sadrizadeh

Natural ventilation has the potential to enhance indoor air quality in classrooms with elevated CO₂ levels, although it may introduce outdoor pollutants. This study introduces a novel controller for automatic windows that simultaneously monitors outdoor air pollution and temperature, synchronizing window openings with mechanical ventilation system to create a comfortable, healthy, and energy-efficient indoor environment. The practicality of the proposed controller is assessed for a classroom in Delhi, Warsaw, and Stockholm, each with contrasting climates and outdoor pollution levels, specifically PM2.5 and NO₂. The controller parameters are optimized for each city using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-off between thermal comfort, CO₂ levels, and energy consumption. The results show that the controller successfully met the indoor air quality standards in all cities; however, its operation was significantly influenced by the climate and pollution levels. While natural ventilation was utilized for 44% and 31% of the year in Warsaw and Stockholm, respectively, it was used for only 11% of the year in Delhi, the most polluted city. The optimization process significantly reduced energy use across all cities while also successfully reducing indoor CO₂ concentrations. Although thermal comfort decreased slightly, it remained within acceptable thermal comfort conditions.

自然通风有可能提高二氧化碳浓度较高的教室的室内空气质量，尽管它可能会引入室外污染物。本研究介绍了一种新型自动开窗控制器，可同时监测室外空气污染和温度，使开窗与机械通风系统同步，从而创造舒适、健康和节能的室内环境。在德里、华沙和斯德哥尔摩的一间教室中评估了拟议控制器的实用性，三地的气候和室外污染水平（尤其是 PM2.5 和 NO2）截然不同。使用非优势排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）对每个城市的控制器参数进行了优化，以找到热舒适度、二氧化碳水平和能耗之间的最佳平衡点。结果表明，控制器在所有城市都成功地达到了室内空气质量标准，但其运行受到气候和污染程度的显著影响。在华沙和斯德哥尔摩，一年中分别有 44% 和 31% 的时间使用自然通风，而在污染最严重的德里，一年中只有 11% 的时间使用自然通风。优化过程大大降低了所有城市的能耗，同时也成功降低了室内二氧化碳浓度。虽然热舒适度略有下降，但仍在可接受的热舒适度范围内。

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引用次数: 0

Early-life exposure to outdoor temperature and the risk of childhood allergic diseases: A multicentre retrospective cohort study 幼年时期暴露于室外温度与儿童过敏性疾病的风险：多中心回顾性队列研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112317

Faming Wang , Lin Wang , Ying Jiang , Mengju Lan , Wenhui Yang , Zijing Liu , Chan Lu

Few research studies have shown the impact of temperature on childhood allergy, and less is known about the efficacy of mitigation methods such as the use of air-conditioning (AC). We aim to determine whether pre-schoolers’ allergic diseases and symptoms are associated with pregnant and postnatal exposure to ambient air temperature, and whether the use of AC mitigates this effect. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine Chinese cities between 2019 and 2023, involving 20,012 children aged 3–6 years. Demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), and indoor environmental factors were recorded. The exposure to twenty meteorological parameters, including temperature and seven air pollutants, was calculated. The relationship between temperature exposure with childhood allergic diseases and symptoms was studied using a two-level logistic regression analysis. We observed a significantly increased risk of childhood first-wave and second-wave allergic diseases associated with increased temperature exposure, especially daily minimum temperature (TEM-min), during pregnancy and postnatal period. The temperature increase during the first two trimesters and the third trimester were more important for asthma and food allergy, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that children who did not have COVID-19 were more vulnerable to the allergy risk of temperature exposure. Temperature exposure was found to be significantly more associated with first-wave and second-wave allergic diseases in children who lived in non-air-conditioned homes. This change was more pronounced during prenatal exposure, particularly for daily maximum (TEM-max) exposure during the summer. Our findings indicate that temperature increases during early life has a significant impact on childhood allergies, which could be mitigated by AC use.

很少有研究显示温度对儿童过敏症的影响，而对使用空调（AC）等缓解方法的效果也知之甚少。我们旨在确定学龄前儿童的过敏性疾病和症状是否与孕期和产后暴露于环境空气温度有关，以及使用空调是否能减轻这种影响。我们于 2019 年至 2023 年期间在中国九个城市开展了一项回顾性队列研究，涉及 20,012 名 3-6 岁儿童。研究记录了人口统计学、社会经济地位（SES）和室内环境因素。计算了儿童暴露于二十种气象参数（包括温度和七种空气污染物）的情况。通过两级逻辑回归分析，研究了温度暴露与儿童过敏性疾病和症状之间的关系。我们观察到，在怀孕和产后期间，儿童罹患第一波和第二波过敏性疾病的风险明显增加，这与温度暴露增加有关，尤其是每日最低温度（TEM-min）。前两个孕期和第三个孕期的温度升高分别对哮喘和食物过敏更为重要。敏感性分析显示，没有 COVID-19 的儿童更容易受到温度暴露的过敏风险影响。研究发现，在没有空调的家庭中生活的儿童，温度暴露与第一波和第二波过敏性疾病的相关性明显更高。这种变化在产前暴露期间更为明显，尤其是在夏季的每日最高温度（TEM-max）暴露期间。我们的研究结果表明，生命早期气温升高对儿童过敏症有重大影响，而使用空调可以减轻这种影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of street-level greenery on older adults' emotional well-being: A longitudinal study of equigenic potential and socioeconomic disparities 评估街道绿化对老年人情绪健康的影响：平等潜力和社会经济差异纵向研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112309

Huagui Guo , Shuyu Zhang , Yongyi You , Qianqian Zheng , Lingjia Zhu , Xin-Chen Hong , Hung Chak Ho

The equigenesis hypothesis suggests that greenery has the potential to reduce health disparities across socioeconomic groups. This is important in high-density urban setting, because greenery can improve human health, but also promotes equitable access to health benefits thus reducing health disparities. However, findings are inconsistent, partly due to the predominance of cross-sectional studies. Moreover, the equigenic effects of street-level greenery, remains underexplored. This longitudinal study examined the effect of street-level greenery on the emotional well-being of older adults. We analyzed 3110 street view images from 1,550 locations in Fuzhou, China, collected in 2014 and 2020. Street-level built environment features were measured using the DeeplabV3 network. Emotional well-being, operationalized as perceptions of pleasantness, was quantitatively evaluated using the Microsoft Trueskill approach to convert the paired comparisons of images into a ranked score. Moderation effects of street-level greenery, were investigated through interactions with educational attainment and economic status, based on individual-level fixed effect models. Our findings revealed that: 1) street-level greenery had the most significant influence on enhancing perceptions of pleasantness; 2) the interaction between street-level greenery and average education years, was positively associated with perceptions of pleasantness, while a negative interaction was observed with economic status. These results suggest that while street-level greenery may mitigate income-related disparities, it could accelerate education-related disparities in emotional well-being among older adults. This study offers new insights into the equigenesis hypothesis through a longitudinal lens, demonstrating that street-level greenery may not uniformly improve mental health equity among older adults in Chinese cities.

平等创生假说认为，绿化有可能减少不同社会经济群体之间的健康差距。这在高密度城市环境中非常重要，因为绿化不仅能改善人类健康，还能促进公平获得健康益处，从而减少健康差距。然而，研究结果并不一致，部分原因是横断面研究居多。此外，街道绿化的公平效应仍未得到充分探索。这项纵向研究考察了街道绿化对老年人情绪健康的影响。我们分析了 2014 年和 2020 年收集的中国福州 1550 个地点的 3110 幅街景图像。使用 DeeplabV3 网络测量了街道建筑环境特征。情感幸福感以愉悦感为操作标准，使用微软Trueskill方法将图像的配对比较转换为排名得分，对情感幸福感进行量化评估。根据个人水平固定效应模型，通过与教育程度和经济状况的交互作用，研究了街道绿化的调节效应。我们的研究结果表明1）街道绿化对提升宜人度感知的影响最大；2）街道绿化与平均受教育年限之间的交互作用与宜人度感知呈正相关，而与经济状况之间的交互作用呈负相关。这些结果表明，虽然街道绿化可以缓解与收入相关的差异，但它可能会加速老年人在情绪幸福感方面与教育相关的差异。这项研究通过纵向视角为 "平等生成假说 "提供了新的视角，证明了街道绿化可能不会一味地改善中国城市老年人的心理健康平等。

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引用次数: 0

Does background sound impact cognitive performance and relaxation states in enclosed office? 背景声音会影响封闭办公室内的认知能力和放松状态吗？

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112313

Zaoyi Sun , Shang Hu , Shenshen Xie , Litao Wu , Changhua Jiang , Shaowen Ding , Zhinuo Zhang , Weidan Xu , Hongting Li

An enclosed office is defined as an individual room with full-height walls, equipped with the necessary tools and amenities to facilitate highly concentrated, independent work. Unlike open-plan offices, enclosed offices provide a more sound-controlled environment, which can be crucial for optimizing working and resting conditions. This study employed a 4 (background sound type: Quasi-white noise, running water, classical music, Chinese classical instrumental music) × 3 (sound pressure level: 40 dBA, 50 dBA, 60 dBA) factorial design to examine the effects of background sound type and pressure level on cognitive performance and relaxation states within enclosed offices. The findings indicated that increasing background sound pressure level to 60 dBA significantly impairs auditory working memory task performance; however, no significant differences were observed in auditory backward recall task performance at pressure level below 60 dBA (40 dBA or 50 dBA). The effect of background sound type on auditory working memory tasks was not found to be significant. In terms of subjective evaluations, background sound type significantly influenced participants’ experience of emotional pleasantness and dominance—the sense of control or power. Notably, exposure to classical music (“Blue Danube”) as background sound resulted in higher levels of reported emotional pleasantness and dominance. Furthermore, varying background sound pressure level significantly affected participants’ emotional arousal levels, highlighting the role of sound pressure level as a key factor in regulating emotional responses. These experimental results provide novel insight into how the acoustic environment in enclosed offices influences human behavior and perception and offer practical implications for designing and optimizing such environments.

封闭式办公室是指墙壁全高的独立房间，配备必要的工具和设施，便于高度集中、独立地工作。与开放式办公室不同的是，封闭式办公室提供了一个更能控制声音的环境，这对于优化工作和休息条件至关重要。这项研究采用了 4 种背景声音类型：3（声压级：40 dBA、50 dBA、60 dBA）的因子设计，研究了背景声音类型和声压级对封闭式办公室内认知表现和放松状态的影响。研究结果表明，将背景声压级提高到 60 dBA 会明显影响听觉工作记忆任务的表现；然而，在低于 60 dBA 的声压级（40 dBA 或 50 dBA）下，听觉逆向回忆任务的表现没有明显差异。背景声音类型对听觉工作记忆任务的影响并不显著。在主观评价方面，背景声音类型对参与者的情绪愉悦感和支配感（控制感或力量感）有明显影响。值得注意的是，将古典音乐（"蓝色多瑙河"）作为背景声音会使报告的情绪愉悦感和支配感达到更高水平。此外，不同的背景声压级会显著影响参与者的情绪唤醒水平，这突出表明声压级是调节情绪反应的一个关键因素。这些实验结果为了解封闭办公室的声学环境如何影响人类行为和感知提供了新的视角，并为设计和优化此类环境提供了实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of pre-sleep lighting on melatonin, sleep and alertness of the crews in the enclosed cabins in the evening with the cumulative effect of light 傍晚在封闭的船舱中，睡前照明对船员褪黑激素、睡眠和警觉性的影响以及光的累积效应

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112316

Zhiming Gou , Bingchen Gou , Dengkai Chen , Xinwei Gao , Wenyi Liao , Yao Wang , Frédéric Bernard Leloup

The lighting field has seen tremendous growth in basic and applied research on the non-visual effects of light in the last more than 20 years, but lighting design for occupants in isolated, confined and enclosed environments a long time has still not been further developed. We investigated the effects of three-hour pre-sleep lighting intervention on melatonin, alertness and sleep of 24 healthy participants (23.58 ± 0.7 years; 12 males) for three days, within an enclosed cabin structure. A between-subjects design was used throughout the experiment, which included four lighting conditions (m-EDI: EL1, 200 lux; EL2, 20 lux; EL3, 40 lux; EL4, 10 lux), where CCT of EL1 and EL2, EL3 and EL4 were approximately the same. The results showed that whereas lighting conditions had almost little impact on indicators of morning, they had a significant impact on melatonin, objective alertness and sleep at night. The EL2 lighting had significantly higher melatonin suppression at night, and EL3 had significantly longer total sleep time and shorter R-period ratio, compared with EL4. The EL1 with high m-EDI had a considerably greater sleep efficiency and sustained higher objective alertness at night, but significantly lower subjective alertness compared with the other three lighting. Also, EL1 had significantly higher melatonin suppression compared with EL3 at night, and there was circadian rhythm phase delay. Two potential thresholds were implied to exist in night lighting intervention, one between 20–40 lux m-EDI affecting the cumulative effect of melatonin suppression, and one between 40–200 lux m-EDI enforcing circadian rhythm phase delay.

过去 20 多年来，照明领域关于光的非视觉效应的基础研究和应用研究取得了巨大的发展，但长期以来，针对隔离、密闭和封闭环境中的居住者的照明设计仍未得到进一步发展。我们研究了 24 名健康参与者（23.58 ± 0.7 岁；12 名男性）在封闭的木屋结构中连续三天睡眠前三小时照明干预对褪黑激素、警觉性和睡眠的影响。整个实验采用被试间设计，包括四种照明条件（m-EDI：EL1，200 勒克斯；EL2，20 勒克斯；EL3，40 勒克斯；EL4，10 勒克斯），其中 EL1 和 EL2、EL3 和 EL4 的 CCT 大致相同。结果表明，虽然照明条件对早晨的指标几乎没有影响，但对褪黑激素、客观警觉性和夜间睡眠有显著影响。与 EL4 相比，EL2 的照明对夜间褪黑激素的抑制明显更高，EL3 的总睡眠时间明显更长，R-周期比率更短。与其他三种照明方式相比，高 m-EDI 的 EL1 的睡眠效率要高得多，夜间的客观警觉性也持续较高，但主观警觉性却明显较低。此外，与 EL3 相比，EL1 在夜间对褪黑激素的抑制明显更高，而且存在昼夜节律相位延迟。这意味着夜间照明干预存在两个潜在阈值，一个在 20-40 勒克斯 m-EDI 之间，影响褪黑激素抑制的累积效应，另一个在 40-200 勒克斯 m-EDI 之间，强制昼夜节律相位延迟。

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引用次数: 0

Unsupervised automated fault detection and diagnosis for light commercial buildings’ HVAC systems 轻型商业建筑暖通空调系统的无监督自动故障检测和诊断

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112312

Milad Babadi Soultanzadeh , Mazdak Nik-Bakht , Mohamed M. Ouf , Pierre Paquette , Steve Lupien

Fault detection in light commercial building HVAC systems can significantly improve the energy efficiency of this class of buildings. A light commercial building is a commercial structure with fewer than six stories and a floor plan area of less than 2500 ft². Data extracted from existing buildings in this class are generally unlabeled, raw, and characterized by many inconsistencies and discontinuities, making Automated Fault Detection and Diagnosis (AFDD) particularly challenging. This study aims to develop an unsupervised AFDD method tailored for light commercial buildings, which is transferable among different HVAC configurations within this building class. The method is designed to handle unlabeled, incomplete, and raw datasets provided by their Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was selected as the core method due to its scalability and transferability. Specific techniques were introduced to address time series analysis and fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) based on the dynamics of the system, using appropriate window sizing. The method was validated using two different light commercial buildings with distinct configurations and data availability. The primary building, an office in Montreal, Canada, and the secondary building, a small industrial facility in Ireland, served as the test cases. The proposed method demonstrated promising results in detecting and isolating faulty inputs, providing information on the severity levels and locations of faults. It successfully identified whether faults were at the level of the central system or within specific zones in both studied cases.

轻型商业建筑暖通空调系统的故障检测可显著提高这类建筑的能源效率。轻型商业建筑是指层数少于六层、平面面积小于 2500 平方英尺的商业建筑。从该类现有建筑中提取的数据通常是无标记的原始数据，存在许多不一致和不连续性，这使得自动故障检测和诊断 (AFDD) 尤其具有挑战性。本研究旨在开发一种针对轻型商业建筑的无监督 AFDD 方法，该方法可在该建筑类别中的不同暖通空调配置之间进行转换。该方法旨在处理由楼宇能源管理系统（BEMS）提供的无标记、不完整和原始数据集。由于主成分分析法（PCA）具有可扩展性和可移植性，因此被选为核心方法。此外，还引入了一些具体技术，以根据系统动态，利用适当的窗口大小，进行时间序列分析和故障检测与诊断（FDD）。该方法通过两栋不同配置和数据可用性的轻型商业建筑进行了验证。主要建筑是加拿大蒙特利尔的一座办公楼，次要建筑是爱尔兰的一座小型工业厂房。所提出的方法在检测和隔离故障输入、提供有关故障严重程度和位置的信息方面取得了可喜的成果。在所研究的两个案例中，它都成功地确定了故障是发生在中央系统层面，还是发生在特定区域内。

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引用次数: 0