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Towards the alternativization of health? a commentary on Joana Almeida’s notion of camisation 走向健康的交替?阿尔梅达的camisation思想述评
Pub Date : 2019-02-12 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00444
Ayodeji Bayo Ogunrotifa
Camisation was coined by Almeida in 2012 in her doctoral dissertation that explored the relationship between CAM, the medical profession and the State regulation in Portugal, using acupuncture and homeopathy practitioners, as useful cases. The notion of camisation was further refined following its presentation at XVIII ISA World Congress of Sociology in Japan (2014) and international conference on Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Poland (2016) as resolving everyday human problems through CAM framework. Camisation is defined as ‘a process through which everyday human problems are transformed into health problems which are treated in CAM terms and within a CAM framework’ (Almeida 2012: 92). Almeida’s thesis is premised on the integration and institutionalisation of CAM into orthodox western medicine through the framework of camisation. Central to this idea is the argument that camisation can contribute to re-medicalisation (the process whereby the medical meanings of a disease are restored) or de-medicalisation (the process whereby human problems come to be redefined in nonmedical terms).
Camisation是Almeida在2012年的博士论文中创造的,该论文探讨了CAM、医学专业和葡萄牙国家监管之间的关系,并将针灸和顺势疗法从业者作为有用的案例。在日本举行的第十八届ISA世界社会学大会(2014年)和波兰举行的传统、补充和替代医学国际会议(2016年)上,通过CAM框架解决了日常人类问题,之后进一步完善了camisation的概念。Camisation被定义为“将日常人类问题转化为健康问题的过程,并在CAM框架内按照CAM术语进行处理”(Almeida 2012:92)。阿尔梅达的论文的前提是通过camisation的框架将CAM融入正统的西方医学并将其制度化。这一观点的核心是,camisation可以促进再医疗化(恢复疾病医学意义的过程)或去医疗化(用非医学术语重新定义人类问题的过程)。
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引用次数: 2
Duodenal perforation in women 60years of age following receipt of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 60岁妇女服用非甾体抗炎药后出现十二指肠穿孔
Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00443
Dalamagka Maria, Panagiotidis Anastasios
such as misoprostol, and the use of paracetamol as an alternative analgesic.1,2 Another approach is to prescribe a drug associated with a comparatively low risk of gastrointestinal toxicity and use more toxic compounds only in the event of a poor clinical response to the first line drug.3,4 However, evaluation of the data on comparative risk is difficult. Published epidemiological studies have provided variable coverage of individual drugs, making them unsuitable for metaanalytical approaches that attempt to pool data across all studies.3
如米索前列醇,以及使用扑热息痛作为替代止痛药。1,2另一种方法是开一种胃肠道毒性风险相对较低的药物,只有在对一线药物临床反应不佳的情况下才使用毒性更大的化合物。3,4然而,比较风险数据的评价是困难的。已发表的流行病学研究提供了不同药物的覆盖范围,这使得它们不适合试图汇集所有研究数据的元分析方法
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引用次数: 0
How homeopathy works-homeopathy and cancer 顺势疗法如何发挥作用——顺势疗法与癌症
Pub Date : 2019-01-16 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00441
M. Kuman
Speaking about the amount of water in the body, we should acknowledge its decline with aging. According to Russian studies,2 the amount of water in the fetus is 95%, in the baby – 92%, and it constantly decreases. Between age 20 and 30 the amount of water in the body is 70%, between age 40 and 50 it is 50% (this is when the wrinkles appear). After the age of 70, the amount of water in the body drops down to 30%. This is when the bones become brittle because there is no enough water in them to keep them elastic.2
说到体内的水量,我们应该承认它会随着年龄的增长而减少。根据俄罗斯的研究,2胎儿体内的含水量为95%,婴儿体内的含氧量为92%,而且不断减少。在20岁到30岁之间,体内的水分含量为70%,在40岁到50岁之间,水分含量为50%(这是皱纹出现的时候)。70岁以后,体内的水分会下降到30%。这是指骨头变脆的时候,因为里面没有足够的水来保持弹性。2
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引用次数: 2
A safe “opioid” – is dry needling an efficacious alternative to opioids? 一种安全的“阿片类药物”——干针是阿片类药物的有效替代品吗?
Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00440
Nicholas A Kerna, B. Tucker, R. Roberson
Traditional Chinese medicine has used acupuncture for more than 2,000 years as a method to effectively treat numerous illnesses and diseases. It is in the Western model of medicine that acupuncture is considered ‘alternative’ medicine. The practice of this Western model of acupuncture, known as dry needling (DN), requires a technique that uses a monofilament without an injectate that is inserted into the soft tissue at varying depths–from superficial to deep–triggering a physiological response. Certain physicians and physical therapists have adopted this westernized version of the Chinese medicine modality by using the same technique for acupuncture to perform DN and electric dry needling (EDN). DN and EDN are administered to mediate analgesia peripherally, spinally, and supraspinally via multiple pathways by arousing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, provoking immune cells, and prompting the supraoptic nucleus. Stimulating these sites initiates the opioid interneuron mechanism resulting in opioid-based pain reduction that is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and endogenous cannabinoids. Although EDN is further correlated with the spinal to supraspinal mechanisms of anti-nociception, both DN and EDN have shown to be components of a comprehensive analgesia pathway that acts like opioids in the human body. When comparing DN and EDN to opioid usage for analgesia, the adverse reactions and the significance of higher adverse reactions in the patient are essential factors to consider; DN and EDN have markedly less adverse effects than opioid use. They show high efficacy for analgesia and operate via similar mechanism of action as opioids. Therefore, the medical community should consider and utilize DN and EDN as an alternative to opioids in certain conditions.
中医使用针灸作为一种有效治疗多种疾病的方法已有2000多年的历史。在西方医学模式中,针灸被认为是“替代”医学。这种西方针灸模式的实践,被称为干针(DN),需要一种技术,使用单丝而不需要注射,插入软组织的不同深度——从浅层到深层——触发生理反应。某些医生和物理治疗师采用了这种西化的中医模式,使用与针灸相同的技术来进行DN和电干针(EDN)。DN和EDN通过刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、刺激免疫细胞和刺激视上核等多种途径介导外周、脊柱和棘上的镇痛。刺激这些部位启动阿片中间神经元机制,导致由交感神经系统和内源性大麻素介导的阿片疼痛减轻。虽然EDN进一步与脊柱到脊柱上的抗痛觉机制相关,但DN和EDN都已被证明是一个全面镇痛途径的组成部分,其作用类似于人体中的阿片类药物。在比较DN和EDN与阿片类镇痛药物使用时,不良反应及患者不良反应高的意义是必须考虑的因素;DN和EDN的不良反应明显小于阿片类药物的使用。它们具有较高的镇痛效果,其作用机制与阿片类药物相似。因此,在某些情况下,医学界应该考虑和利用DN和EDN作为阿片类药物的替代品。
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引用次数: 1
Steaming in the fringes; healing rituals in Johannesburg 在边缘冒着热气;约翰内斯堡的治疗仪式
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2019.12.00449
Lorena Núñez Carrasc, Melekias Zulu, Peter Kankonde Bukasa
Steaming is part of the African traditional health practices, often used on an individual basis to treat natural aliments. In contemporary South Africa, migrants from neighbouring countries members of African Initiated Churches have refashioned steaming in several ways. Steaming huts are erected at the fringes of the city and men and women steam collectively and in its current form is used to treat conditions believed to have spiritual causes. Steaming for spiritual healing can be seen as a local response to the material, social and spiritual needs of African new urban dwellers. The healing needs of participants in the steaming encompass a range of issues such as infertility and various others health-related issues, difficulties in getting married, persistent unemployment and legal problems, among others. Those who practice it believe steaming brings spiritual protection and helps ensure material success. The healing practices that form part of the steaming are rooted in both African and Christian traditions. Steaming with the purpose to achieve spiritual healing involves invoking the intervention of the Holy Spirit to eliminate obstructions to success bringing to fruition the supplicant’s desires and needs. Participants also hold explanations of its effectiveness based on physical mechanism. Steaming allows the body to be cleansed and rid of impurities. Through steaming, the body opens to absorb the medicine selected to treat the cause of the problems participant present to the prophets who lead the practice. This work documents the current form of this practice in the city paying attention to what drives participants as well as how the body is prepared for cleansing, in manners that make visible the blending of African and Christian traditions.
蒸是非洲传统保健做法的一部分,通常用于个人基础上治疗天然营养。在当代南非,来自邻国的移民和非洲启蒙教会的成员以几种方式重新塑造了蒸汽。蒸汽小屋建在城市的边缘,男人和女人一起蒸汽,目前的形式被用来治疗被认为有精神原因的疾病。热气腾腾的精神治疗可以被看作是当地对非洲新城市居民的物质、社会和精神需求的回应。蒸汽浴参与者的治疗需求包括一系列问题,如不孕不育和其他各种健康相关问题、结婚困难、持续失业和法律问题等。修行者相信蒸能带来精神上的保护,并有助于确保物质上的成功。蒸汽疗法中的治疗方法根植于非洲和基督教的传统。以达到属灵医治为目的的蒸,包括调用圣灵的干预,以消除成功的障碍,使恳求者的愿望和需要结出果实。与会者还根据物理机制对其有效性进行了解释。蒸可以使身体得到清洁,去除杂质。通过蒸汽,身体打开以吸收选定的药物来治疗问题的原因参与者呈现给领导实践的先知。这个作品记录了这个城市中这种做法的当前形式,关注参与者的动力,以及如何为净化身体做准备,以一种可以看到非洲和基督教传统融合的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis according to Ayurveda texts W.S.R. Amavata 类风湿关节炎诊断根据阿育吠陀文本W.S.R.阿玛瓦塔
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2019.12.00456
Manoj Virmani
Ayurveda is hope for suffering humanity in today’s world where no one found complete treatment solution for commonest chronic inflammatory joint disease Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). This causes swelling, pain and stiffness of joints. Chronic condition may cause debility, deformities of joints and crippling. Unfortunately the man has not succeeded in eradicating this diseases and find to come out with successful therapeutic measures that can cure the patient completely. Ayurveda can play a wide role in treatment of Amavata. So need to study Ayurveda classics with deep understanding is demand of today. Ayurveda texts like charak samhita, sushruta samhita, Ashtang hridya and Asthtang samgrah had widely mentioned about Ama and Amavrita Vata. First time, Madhav nidana mentioned Amavata as separate disease. After that vangsena, chakaradutta, bhaishjya ratnavali has elaborated the treatment modalities of Amavata. Ayurveda focus on Nidaan i.e cause of disease and symptoms of disease. Ayurveda has described detailed list of causative factors of Amavata. So study of this causative factor will help scientific society to eradicate this disease. As we are very well aware that in modern scientific world, cause of Rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown. Ayurveda says chikitsa(Treatment) is Nidaan Parimarjna( removal of cause). When cause of disease is unknown then how a physician can provide proper treatment. This study has focus on nidaan(causative factors), samprapti(Pathogenesis) and Sathyata/ Asathyata (Prognosis) of disease Amavata according to Ayurveda classic texts.
阿育吠陀是人类苦难的希望,在今天的世界,没有人找到完全的解决方案,最常见的慢性炎症性关节疾病Amavata(类风湿性关节炎)。这会导致关节肿胀、疼痛和僵硬。慢性疾病可能导致身体虚弱,关节畸形和瘫痪。不幸的是,这个人没有成功地根除这种疾病,并找到了成功的治疗措施,可以完全治愈病人。阿育吠陀可以在治疗阿玛瓦塔方面发挥广泛的作用。因此,需要深入了解阿育吠陀经典是今天的需求。阿育吠陀的经典,如《查拉克》、《苏舒鲁塔》、《阿斯汤》和《阿斯汤》都广泛地提到了阿摩茹塔和阿摩茹塔。Madhav nidana第一次提到Amavata是单独的疾病。之后,vangsena, chakaradutta, bhaishjya ratnavali详细阐述了Amavata的治疗方式。阿育吠陀专注于Nidaan,即疾病的原因和疾病的症状。阿育吠陀已经详细描述了阿玛瓦塔的病因。因此,对这一致病因素的研究将有助于科学界根除这种疾病。我们都很清楚,在现代科学界,风湿性关节炎的病因仍然是未知的。阿育吠陀说chikitsa(治疗)是Nidaan Parimarjna(去除原因)。当病因不明时,医生如何提供适当的治疗。本研究根据阿育吠陀经典文献,重点探讨疾病的nidaan(病因)、samprapti(发病机制)和Sathyata/ Asathyata(预后)。
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引用次数: 0
Comfrey root extract – indications and patient profiles: findings from an expert round table discussion 紫草根提取物-适应症和患者概况:来自专家圆桌讨论的结果
Pub Date : 2018-12-13 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00438
K. Kraft, H. Predel, Martin Wultsch, Andrea Faske
The interest on the efficacy and tolerability of herbal medicinal drugs has continuously increased worldwide since 1990 indicated by the growing number of scientific articles in PubMed on this subject.1 While the importance of phytotherapy is more significant in less developed countries, the public perception of naturopathic treatment and complementary medical practices is also very positive in Europe with still growing interest.2 The World Health Organization (WHO) has investigated why people choose complementary medicinal treatment options. The reasons are fear of adverse events from synthetic drugs, improved access to health information, shift of values especially regarding perception of health comprising the whole body, and low tolerance of paternalism of the conventional health care system as well as preference of shared decision-making.3,4
自1990年以来,世界范围内对草药疗效和耐受性的兴趣不断增加,PubMed上关于这一主题的科学文章越来越多虽然植物疗法的重要性在欠发达国家更为重要,但在欧洲,公众对自然疗法和补充医疗做法的看法也非常积极,而且兴趣还在不断增长世界卫生组织(世卫组织)调查了人们为什么选择补充药物治疗方案。原因是对合成药物不良事件的恐惧,获得保健信息的机会的改善,价值观的转变,特别是对包括整个身体的健康的看法的转变,对传统保健系统的家长式作风的容忍度较低以及共同决策的偏好
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引用次数: 0
Structure-antimicrobial activity relationships of monoketone curcuminoids 单酮类姜黄素的结构与抗菌活性关系
Pub Date : 2018-11-15 DOI: 10.15406/IJCAM.2018.11.00423
A. Crotti, T. M. Vieira, M. A. Ambrosio, Carlos H G Martins
Dental caries constitutes a major public health concern worldwide. This pathology is caused by acidogenic and aciduric bacteria, which produce a structurally and functionally organized biofilm (dental plaque)on the tooth surface.1 Streptococcus mutansis one of the most important colony-forming bacteria present in the bucal microbiota, stands out due its ability of producing substances that favor adhesion and the accumulation of other microorganisms, forming a resistant extracellular matrixthat can destroy dental hard tissue.2 Brushing and flossing the teeth to remove dental plaque, as well as conducting periodic dental cleaning or prophylaxis are the most efficient ways to prevent caries. However, most people fail to maintain an efficient biofilm control through mechanical removal only, which has increased the use of oral products containing antimicrobial agents to diminish biofilm formation on the tooth surface.3 Although chlorhexidine is currently the most effective anti plaque agent, its use have been recommended by dentists only for short periods due to reversible local side effects.4
龋齿是世界范围内一个主要的公共卫生问题。这种病理是由产酸细菌和尿酸细菌引起的,它们在牙齿表面产生结构和功能上有组织的生物膜(牙菌斑)。1变形链球菌是口腔微生物群中最重要的菌落形成细菌之一,由于其产生有利于粘附和其他微生物积累的物质的能力而脱颖而出,形成具有抵抗力的细胞外基质会破坏牙齿的硬组织。2刷牙和使用牙线去除牙菌斑,以及定期进行牙齿清洁或预防是预防龋齿的最有效方法。然而,大多数人无法仅通过机械去除来保持有效的生物膜控制,这增加了含有抗菌剂的口腔产品的使用,以减少牙齿表面生物膜的形成。3尽管氯己定是目前最有效的抗牙菌斑剂,由于可逆转的局部副作用,牙医建议只在短时间内使用它。4
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引用次数: 0
Urgent Necessity for Standardized and Evidence Based Plant Immunomodulators (Such As Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Concentrate/MGN-3) for the Tumor Research 肿瘤研究急需标准化、循证的植物免疫调节剂(如米糠阿拉伯木聚糖浓缩物/MGN-3)
Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.15406/IJCAM.2017.09.00296
T. Hajtó
In the last time a case report was published that a MEK (Mitogen activated Extracellular signal regulation Kinase) inhibitors which can down regulate the receptor tyrosine kinase mediated signaling pathway [1-3] given in a combination with a standardized and evidence based plant immunomodulators was able to induce complete remissions of lung, liver and brain metastases [4]. Since these therapy modalities can’t result in similar astonishing clinical responses if they are applied separately [5] the hypothesis arouse that without standardized and evidence based plant immunomodulators the further tumor research is impeded.
在最近的一份病例报告中,一种MEK (Mitogen activated Extracellular signal regulation Kinase,丝分裂原活化细胞外信号调节激酶)抑制剂可以下调受体酪氨酸激酶介导的信号通路[1-3],与一种标准化的、有证据依据的植物免疫调节剂联合使用,能够诱导肺、肝和脑转移瘤[4]的完全缓解。由于这些治疗方式如果单独应用,不会产生类似的惊人的临床反应,因此假设没有标准化和基于证据的植物免疫调节剂,将阻碍进一步的肿瘤研究。
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引用次数: 2
Conservation and preservation of medicinal plants-leads from Ayurveda and Vrikshayurveda 药用植物的保护和保存源自阿育吠陀和Vrikshayuervda
Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2018.11.00412
M. Shubhashree, S. Matapathi, A. Dixit
For instance, “Sacred groves’ were dedicated to a deity or a village God, protected, and worshipped like Devarakaadu near Shimoga, India. The Sacred Groves are important repositories of floral and faunal diversity that have been conserved by local communities in a sustainable manner. They are present in Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, and other places and highlight community managed conservation efforts.1 Historically, the protection of nature and wildlife was an ardent article of faith, reflected in the daily lives of people, enshrined in myths, folklore, religion, arts, and culture. Such traditional cultural attitudes, though based on religious faith, have made significant contribution in the protection and propagation of various species of trees and plants in India. ExUse of bael in summer associated with Ramanavami celebration, Durva for Lord Ganesha, Parijatha plant for Lord Krishna, Bilwa for Lord Ishwara and so on. For the people of India, environmental conservation is not a new concept. Sustainability was ingrained in the thought processes of early Indians as evident from the teachings of Vedas. Perhaps no other culture can provide such a profound variety of cultural practices and ecologically sound relationship with nature as the Indian. For eg: a hymn in Atharva Veda (12.1.35) says “Whatever I dig out from you, O Earth! May that have quick regeneration again, may we not damage thy vital habitat and heart.2 Implicit here are the following principles: In the process of harvest no damage should be done to the earth, Humans are forewarned not against the use of nature for survival, but against the overuse and abuse.
例如,“神圣的树林”是献给神或乡村神的,像印度希莫加附近的Devarakaadu一样受到保护和崇拜。神圣的树林是当地社区以可持续的方式保护的花卉和动物多样性的重要宝库。它们分布在喜马偕尔邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、喀拉拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和其他地方,突出了社区管理的保护1从历史上看,保护自然和野生动物是一种强烈的信仰,反映在人们的日常生活中,体现在神话、民间传说、宗教、艺术和文化中。这种传统文化态度虽然建立在宗教信仰的基础上,但对印度各种树木和植物的保护和繁殖做出了重大贡献。在夏季使用bael与Ramanavami庆典有关,Durva代表Ganesha勋爵,Parijatha植物代表Krishna勋爵,Bilwa代表Ishwara勋爵等等。对印度人民来说,环境保护并不是一个新概念。可持续性在早期印度人的思想过程中根深蒂固,从吠陀经的教义中可以明显看出。也许没有其他文化能像印度人那样提供如此丰富多彩的文化实践和与自然的生态友好关系。例如:《阿萨瓦吠陀》(12.1.35)中的一首赞美诗说:“无论我从你身上挖出什么,地球啊!愿它再次快速再生,愿我们不会破坏你重要的栖息地和心脏。2这里隐含着以下原则:在收获的过程中,不应对地球造成损害,人类被警告不要为了生存而利用自然,而是不要过度使用和虐待。”。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International journal of complementary & alternative medicine
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