F. Bonelli, S. Degl'Innocenti, I. Nocera, C. Cantile, G. Barsotti
Bullous keratopathy occurs in dogs, cats and humans, and it is diagnosed by clinical and ophthalmic presentation. A 20 days old septic calf developed an acute bilateral ocular abnormality, with mild ocular discharge and corneal opacity. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a severe central cornea oedema with a subepithelial bulla. The clinical diagnosis was bilateral bullous keratopathy; it was treated with glucose 35% ointment. After 2 weeks, corneal bullas were reabsorbed, and mild focal areas of corneal oedema were present bilaterally. Three weeks after discharging, the calf was hospitalised again for severe dyspnea, recumbency and depression and was euthanised due to worsening of clinical conditions. A necropsy was performed. Clinical signs, ophthalmic examination and histopathologic findings were suggestive of bullous keratopathy. Bullous keratopathy might be rare but due to the importance of predisposing diseases (i.e. septicaemia), early diagnosis and proper therapy could be useful to reduce farmers’ economic losses.
{"title":"A case report of acute bilateral bullous keratopathy in a septic calf","authors":"F. Bonelli, S. Degl'Innocenti, I. Nocera, C. Cantile, G. Barsotti","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0131","url":null,"abstract":"Bullous keratopathy occurs in dogs, cats and humans, and it is diagnosed by clinical and ophthalmic presentation. A 20 days old septic calf developed an acute bilateral ocular abnormality, with mild ocular discharge and corneal opacity. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a severe central cornea oedema with a subepithelial bulla. The clinical diagnosis was bilateral bullous keratopathy; it was treated with glucose 35% ointment. After 2 weeks, corneal bullas were reabsorbed, and mild focal areas of corneal oedema were present bilaterally. Three weeks after discharging, the calf was hospitalised again for severe dyspnea, recumbency and depression and was euthanised due to worsening of clinical conditions. A necropsy was performed. Clinical signs, ophthalmic examination and histopathologic findings were suggestive of bullous keratopathy. Bullous keratopathy might be rare but due to the importance of predisposing diseases (i.e. septicaemia), early diagnosis and proper therapy could be useful to reduce farmers’ economic losses.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77619830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cattle infected with BHV 4 show respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal and postnatal genital disorders. The virus is a cofactor of bacterial infections. This paper reflects data on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections in several herds, among breeding animals and bulls from artificial insemination stations (AIS). One hundred and twenty six serum samples from bulls were investigated by MVNT and 45 (35.7%) were positive. Epizootiological and clinical studies on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections were limited to bovine farms with suspected infection with this virus. To establish seroconversion to the virus, double serum samples from 264 cattle – 165 native-born cows and 99 imported pregnant heifers were investigated by the microvirus neutralisation test (MVNT) and commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against BHV 4. Ninety-nine samples (37.5%) were positive in the MVNT and 110 samples (41.6%) – in ELISA. One out of the seven milk samples from cows with signs of mammary glands involvement was positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed to detect the gB and Tk virus genes. Four of the ten whole blood samples from acutely ill animals were positive for BHV 4 DNA by PCR. The results of the present study confirmed that the BHV 4 circulated within the Bulgarian cattle population.
{"title":"Investigations on bovine herpesvirus 4 infections in cattle in Bulgaria","authors":"R. Peshev","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2429","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle infected with BHV 4 show respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal and postnatal genital disorders. The virus is a cofactor of bacterial infections. This paper reflects data on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections in several herds, among breeding animals and bulls from artificial insemination stations (AIS). One hundred and twenty six serum samples from bulls were investigated by MVNT and 45 (35.7%) were positive. Epizootiological and clinical studies on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections were limited to bovine farms with suspected infection with this virus. To establish seroconversion to the virus, double serum samples from 264 cattle – 165 native-born cows and 99 imported pregnant heifers were investigated by the microvirus neutralisation test (MVNT) and commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against BHV 4. Ninety-nine samples (37.5%) were positive in the MVNT and 110 samples (41.6%) – in ELISA. One out of the seven milk samples from cows with signs of mammary glands involvement was positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed to detect the gB and Tk virus genes. Four of the ten whole blood samples from acutely ill animals were positive for BHV 4 DNA by PCR. The results of the present study confirmed that the BHV 4 circulated within the Bulgarian cattle population.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The haemagglutinin (HA) gene of highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5Nx viruses (AIVs) has undergone continuous evolution, generating emerging reassorted subtypes and clades. Vietnam has been experiencing HPAI outbreaks since 2003, H5N1 and H5N6 virus infections resulted in culling millions of poultry. This paper presents the results of an active AIVs surveillance in domestic poultry, free-grazing domestic ducks and wild waterfowl in QuangBinh province, Vietnam from September 2015 through March 2018. A total of 452 pool cloacal swabs were analysed by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The positive rates of the H5 subtype AIVs were 1.8% of chickens, 5.7% of ducks, and 11.1% of wild birds. Most of H5N6 AIVs were identified from apparently healthy domestic ducks and wild waterfowl (grey heron). Molecular analysis of ten H5N6 AIVs detected in 2016-2018 showed that these viruses have the basic amino acid motif at the HA1-HA2 cleavage site associated with HPAIV and belonged to the clade 2.3.4.4.c. H5N6 HPAI detected in wild waterfowl determined the possibility of virus transmission between wild and free-grazing domestic ducks in QuangBinh. This type of study is very novel in QuangBinh province. Surveillance in wild and domestic birds should be implemented for early detection of the virus and efficient control of its spread in this area.
{"title":"Molecular surveillance of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in Quangbinh province, Vietnam","authors":"H. M. Pham, K. H. Pham, K. V. Nguyen","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"The haemagglutinin (HA) gene of highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5Nx viruses (AIVs) has undergone continuous evolution, generating emerging reassorted subtypes and clades. Vietnam has been experiencing HPAI outbreaks since 2003, H5N1 and H5N6 virus infections resulted in culling millions of poultry. This paper presents the results of an active AIVs surveillance in domestic poultry, free-grazing domestic ducks and wild waterfowl in QuangBinh province, Vietnam from September 2015 through March 2018. A total of 452 pool cloacal swabs were analysed by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The positive rates of the H5 subtype AIVs were 1.8% of chickens, 5.7% of ducks, and 11.1% of wild birds. Most of H5N6 AIVs were identified from apparently healthy domestic ducks and wild waterfowl (grey heron). Molecular analysis of ten H5N6 AIVs detected in 2016-2018 showed that these viruses have the basic amino acid motif at the HA1-HA2 cleavage site associated with HPAIV and belonged to the clade 2.3.4.4.c. H5N6 HPAI detected in wild waterfowl determined the possibility of virus transmission between wild and free-grazing domestic ducks in QuangBinh. This type of study is very novel in QuangBinh province. Surveillance in wild and domestic birds should be implemented for early detection of the virus and efficient control of its spread in this area.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87054851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ayati, N. Taiefi Nasr-Abadi, Z. Momeni, S. Shojaei
Avian trichomonosis is an important parasitic disease throughout the world caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, commonly seen in pigeons and wild birds. Lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract (beak and crop) are complications of this disease. Currently, the diagnosis of this organism is made using laboratory methods including direct smear, culture medium and molecular methods. The aim of the present study was to survey the prevalence of T. gallinae in pigeons of Alborz province, Iran through molecular and phylogenetic identification using ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene. A total of 87 samples were collected from domestic pigeons from May to September 2019. The samples were taken directly from the mouth and larynx using an oral swab. Out of 87 collected samples, 28 (32.18 %) were positive using direct smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Based on the results, the size of the amplification product of this gene was 372 base pairs. The results of this study were analysed using a phylogenetic tree and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method. The present study showed high prevalence of T. gallinae in pigeons. Two types of T. gallinae genotypes, A and B, were found in pigeons. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 sequences from positive samples, showed high coverage with sequences present in the GenBank.
{"title":"Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae with molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis in domestic pigeons using ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene in Alborz province, Iran","authors":"R. Ayati, N. Taiefi Nasr-Abadi, Z. Momeni, S. Shojaei","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Avian trichomonosis is an important parasitic disease throughout the world caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, commonly seen in pigeons and wild birds. Lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract (beak and crop) are complications of this disease. Currently, the diagnosis of this organism is made using laboratory methods including direct smear, culture medium and molecular methods. The aim of the present study was to survey the prevalence of T. gallinae in pigeons of Alborz province, Iran through molecular and phylogenetic identification using ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene. A total of 87 samples were collected from domestic pigeons from May to September 2019. The samples were taken directly from the mouth and larynx using an oral swab. Out of 87 collected samples, 28 (32.18 %) were positive using direct smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Based on the results, the size of the amplification product of this gene was 372 base pairs. The results of this study were analysed using a phylogenetic tree and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method. The present study showed high prevalence of T. gallinae in pigeons. Two types of T. gallinae genotypes, A and B, were found in pigeons. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 sequences from positive samples, showed high coverage with sequences present in the GenBank.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84766252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eustrongylides excisus is a parasitic nematode species whose life cycle requires two intermediate hosts, an aquatic oligochaete and a benthophagous fish. In the present study, 100 specimens of Esox lucius Linnaeus weighing 550-800 g were collected from Freidoonkenar, south of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province, Iran) and were examined for the presence of Eustrongylides. The bright red nematode larvae were found in the testes and encapsulated in the body musculature of 90% of E. lucius fish. The larvae were diagnosed as Eustrongylides excisus. Tissue samples were collected from the muscles and testes for histopathological examination of the lesions caused by the parasitic larvae. For molecular analysis, the nematode larvae genomic DNA was extracted and molecular characterisation of Eustrongylides and comparison with the corresponding sequences available in the GenBank was done. The histopathological damages caused by parasites in the muscle included external nodules, inflammation, necrosis, and granulomas. Granulomas containing multi-nucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells, lymphoid cells, macrophages and necrotic debris were observed. Microscopic examination of the testes revealed mild vacuolar degeneration in some Sertoli cells. Molecular analysis confirmed obtained larvae as E. excisus. Comparison of DNA sequences showed that isolated nematodes were very similar to those obtained from freshwater fish in China. The present study reported Eustrongylides nematodes in Esox lucius, and inflammatory lesions caused by E. excisus larvae in the muscle and testis of this species of fish for the first time. In addition, molecular characterization and phylogenic analysis of recovered larvae showed presence of microvarients.
正圆线虫是一种寄生线虫，其生命周期需要两个中间宿主，一个水生寡食动物和一个底食鱼类。在本研究中，从里海南部(伊朗Mazandaran省)的Freidoonkenar收集了100只重550-800 g的Esox lucius Linnaeus标本，并对其进行了检查，以确定是否存在Eustrongylides。90%的黄颡鱼在睾丸中发现鲜红色的线虫幼虫，并被包裹在身体肌肉组织中。鉴定为精圆线虫幼虫。从肌肉和睾丸采集组织样本，对寄生幼虫引起的病变进行组织病理学检查。为了进行分子分析，提取线虫幼虫基因组DNA，对Eustrongylides进行分子表征，并与GenBank中相应的序列进行比较。肌肉寄生虫引起的组织病理学损害包括外结节、炎症、坏死和肉芽肿。肉芽肿含有多核巨细胞、上皮样细胞、淋巴样细胞、巨噬细胞和坏死碎片。睾丸镜下检查显示一些支持细胞有轻度空泡变性。经分子分析证实，所得幼虫为精棘棘豆。DNA序列比较表明，分离的线虫与从中国淡水鱼中获得的线虫非常相似。本研究首次报道了绿颡鱼(Esox lucius)体内的真圆线虫(eustrongyides)，以及赤鳉鱼(e.i. excisus)幼虫在其肌肉和睾丸中引起的炎症病变。此外，对回收的幼虫进行分子鉴定和系统发育分析，发现存在微变异。
{"title":"Molecular characterisation and histopathological study of Eustrongylides excisus nematode in the northern pike (Esox lucius)","authors":"M. Youssefi, R. Tabaripour, M. Hosseini","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2392","url":null,"abstract":"Eustrongylides excisus is a parasitic nematode species whose life cycle requires two intermediate hosts, an aquatic oligochaete and a benthophagous fish. In the present study, 100 specimens of Esox lucius Linnaeus weighing 550-800 g were collected from Freidoonkenar, south of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province, Iran) and were examined for the presence of Eustrongylides. The bright red nematode larvae were found in the testes and encapsulated in the body musculature of 90% of E. lucius fish. The larvae were diagnosed as Eustrongylides excisus. Tissue samples were collected from the muscles and testes for histopathological examination of the lesions caused by the parasitic larvae. For molecular analysis, the nematode larvae genomic DNA was extracted and molecular characterisation of Eustrongylides and comparison with the corresponding sequences available in the GenBank was done. The histopathological damages caused by parasites in the muscle included external nodules, inflammation, necrosis, and granulomas. Granulomas containing multi-nucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells, lymphoid cells, macrophages and necrotic debris were observed. Microscopic examination of the testes revealed mild vacuolar degeneration in some Sertoli cells. Molecular analysis confirmed obtained larvae as E. excisus. Comparison of DNA sequences showed that isolated nematodes were very similar to those obtained from freshwater fish in China. The present study reported Eustrongylides nematodes in Esox lucius, and inflammatory lesions caused by E. excisus larvae in the muscle and testis of this species of fish for the first time. In addition, molecular characterization and phylogenic analysis of recovered larvae showed presence of microvarients.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87884607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Abdolmohammadi Khiav, A. Zahmatkesh, A. Paradise
The aim of this study was to detect the types of C. perfringens using PCR and mouse neutralisation test (MNT) and find the genetic profile of virulence factors tpeL and netB isolated from animal samples in Iran. For this purpose, 46 C. perfringens isolates were tested using MNT. Detection was also performed using 16S rRNA-PCR and multiplex PCR for alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. For tpeL and netB gene profiling, separate PCR experiments were carried out. MNT detected that all isolates were C. perfringens type A. The same results were obtained in 16SrRNA-PCR and multiplex-PCR. Based on the obtained results, the molecular test was 100% consistent with MNT. Samples were positive for tpeL and netB genes in 52.1% and 60.8% isolates, respectively. Overall, four genetic virulence factor profiles were found in C. perfringens type A isolates.
{"title":"Detection of Clostridium perfringens types through genetic profiling and mouse neutralisation test.","authors":"L. Abdolmohammadi Khiav, A. Zahmatkesh, A. Paradise","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0060","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to detect the types of C. perfringens using PCR and mouse neutralisation test (MNT) and find the genetic profile of virulence factors tpeL and netB isolated from animal samples in Iran. For this purpose, 46 C. perfringens isolates were tested using MNT. Detection was also performed using 16S rRNA-PCR and multiplex PCR for alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. For tpeL and netB gene profiling, separate PCR experiments were carried out. MNT detected that all isolates were C. perfringens type A. The same results were obtained in 16SrRNA-PCR and multiplex-PCR. Based on the obtained results, the molecular test was 100% consistent with MNT. Samples were positive for tpeL and netB genes in 52.1% and 60.8% isolates, respectively. Overall, four genetic virulence factor profiles were found in C. perfringens type A isolates.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135652900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Mahmoud, D. Yahia, W. H. Mohamed, A. A. Sharkawy
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of olive oil (OLO) on the genotoxicity of imidacloprid (IMI). Rats were divided into four groups: control group, IMI group that was exposed to 22.5 mg/kg b.w. IMI for 4, 8, and 12 weeks; OLO before IMI group – dosed orally with OLO at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for two weeks before IMI exposure of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The OLO after IMI group was treated with OLO in a dose of 10 mL /kg body weight for two weeks after IMI exposure of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured in blood serum. The bone marrow from the femur was collected for the comet assay. The results revealed that exposure to IMI induced DNA damage, which was associated with increased blood MDA level and decreased GPx activity. However, treatment with OLO resulted in decreasing both DNA damage and MDA level while increasing GPx activity. On the other hand, pre-treatment with OLO was effective in decreasing the DNA damaging effect of IMI.
本研究旨在评价橄榄油(OLO)对吡虫啉(IMI)遗传毒性的影响。将大鼠分为4组:对照组和IMI组，IMI剂量为22.5 mg/kg b.w，持续4、8、12周;IMI组之前的OLO -在IMI暴露前4、8和12周，以10 mL/kg体重的剂量口服OLO 2周。IMI后OLO组在IMI暴露4、8、12周后，连续2周以10 mL /kg体重的剂量进行OLO治疗。测定血清丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)水平。从股骨中收集骨髓用于彗星试验。结果显示，暴露于IMI诱导DNA损伤，这与血液MDA水平升高和GPx活性降低有关。然而，OLO处理降低了DNA损伤和MDA水平，同时增加了GPx活性。另一方面，OLO预处理能有效降低IMI的DNA损伤作用。
{"title":"Effect of olive oil on oxidative and DNA damage induced by imidacloprid","authors":"A. S. Mahmoud, D. Yahia, W. H. Mohamed, A. A. Sharkawy","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of olive oil (OLO) on the genotoxicity of imidacloprid (IMI). Rats were divided into four groups: control group, IMI group that was exposed to 22.5 mg/kg b.w. IMI for 4, 8, and 12 weeks; OLO before IMI group – dosed orally with OLO at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for two weeks before IMI exposure of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The OLO after IMI group was treated with OLO in a dose of 10 mL /kg body weight for two weeks after IMI exposure of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured in blood serum. The bone marrow from the femur was collected for the comet assay. The results revealed that exposure to IMI induced DNA damage, which was associated with increased blood MDA level and decreased GPx activity. However, treatment with OLO resulted in decreasing both DNA damage and MDA level while increasing GPx activity. On the other hand, pre-treatment with OLO was effective in decreasing the DNA damaging effect of IMI.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mast cells and the mediators they release play a major role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. They regulate the function of the smooth muscle layer of the pulmonary airways and the same layer of the blood vessels. There are no data about the distribution of metachromatic and tryptase-positive mast cells in the blood vessels’ wall as well as on the content of ghrelin in mast cell granules in rat’s lung. The aim of this research was to present an analysis of the number and localisation of tryptase-positive, ghrelin-positive and metachromatic mast cells in the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, venules and veins) in rats of different age. Six male Wistar rats were used for each age group - 20 days, 3 months and 1 year. Tissue slices for histochemical examination were taken from the caudal lobe of the left lung and stained with toluidine blue. Immunohistochemical reactions were then performed to indicate the expression of tryptase and ghrelin, allowing comparing the presence of tryptase-, ghrelin-positive and metachromatic mast cells in the wall of the blood vessels of different diameters. The light microscopical study showed that in all types of blood vessels from the three age groups, the number of ghrelin positive cells was the largest, followed by tryptase-positive and metachromatic mast cells. The observed differences in the distribution of these cells are important for maintaining the lung homeostasis and can be used as reference values in experimental studies in order to obtain accurate results.
{"title":"Metachromatic, tryptase- and ghrelin-positive mast cells in the blood vessels of rat’s lung","authors":"I. Ivanova","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Mast cells and the mediators they release play a major role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. They regulate the function of the smooth muscle layer of the pulmonary airways and the same layer of the blood vessels. There are no data about the distribution of metachromatic and tryptase-positive mast cells in the blood vessels’ wall as well as on the content of ghrelin in mast cell granules in rat’s lung. The aim of this research was to present an analysis of the number and localisation of tryptase-positive, ghrelin-positive and metachromatic mast cells in the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, venules and veins) in rats of different age. Six male Wistar rats were used for each age group - 20 days, 3 months and 1 year. Tissue slices for histochemical examination were taken from the caudal lobe of the left lung and stained with toluidine blue. Immunohistochemical reactions were then performed to indicate the expression of tryptase and ghrelin, allowing comparing the presence of tryptase-, ghrelin-positive and metachromatic mast cells in the wall of the blood vessels of different diameters. The light microscopical study showed that in all types of blood vessels from the three age groups, the number of ghrelin positive cells was the largest, followed by tryptase-positive and metachromatic mast cells. The observed differences in the distribution of these cells are important for maintaining the lung homeostasis and can be used as reference values in experimental studies in order to obtain accurate results.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80387706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yari, M. Khodaei-Motlagh, M. Yahyaei, E. Dirandeh
The objective of this study was to assess the association between thyroid hormone profile and resumption of postpartum ovulations in cattle. Lactating Holstein cows (n=40, milk yield 38.51±1.23 kg/d) were selected and based on the ultrasound results, blood estradiol and progesterone analysis, were divided into two groups. The cows were classified into anovulatory (AO) group if the first ovulation did not occur until 45 days after calving (n=16) and ovulatory group (O) if the first ovulation occurred 45 days or less after calving (n=24). Blood samples were collected from the cows weekly from day 21 to 48 postpartum to evaluate thyroid hormone levels and blood parameters. Results showed that milk yield and glucose concentrations did not differ between the groups. Serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations in ovulatory cows were significantly higher than those in AO cows. Cows in O group had better condition with respect to days to first service (DFS), open days (OD), days to first ovulation (DFO) and conception rate than cows in AO group. Thyroid hormone analysis show that T4 concentration and T4:T3 ratio in the AO group were significantly higher than those in O group (P=0.001), while there were no statistically significant differences between groups for T3 concentrations. Also, T3 and T4 concentrations and T4:T3 ratio in both groups were not affected by time (P=0.17) and time×group interaction (P=0.25). In addition, no significant difference was found in the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration between the two groups. Unlike NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) levels in AO group were significantly higher than those in O group (P=0.01). In conclusion, cows with different ovarian activity postpartum had different thyroid hormone profile. Increased T4 concentration and T4:T3 ratio were associated with delay in ovulation and resulted in greater day to first service and open days and followed by lower conception rate.
{"title":"Association of thyroid hormone profile with resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in dairy cows","authors":"M. Yari, M. Khodaei-Motlagh, M. Yahyaei, E. Dirandeh","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2407","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the association between thyroid hormone profile and resumption of postpartum ovulations in cattle. Lactating Holstein cows (n=40, milk yield 38.51±1.23 kg/d) were selected and based on the ultrasound results, blood estradiol and progesterone analysis, were divided into two groups. The cows were classified into anovulatory (AO) group if the first ovulation did not occur until 45 days after calving (n=16) and ovulatory group (O) if the first ovulation occurred 45 days or less after calving (n=24). Blood samples were collected from the cows weekly from day 21 to 48 postpartum to evaluate thyroid hormone levels and blood parameters. Results showed that milk yield and glucose concentrations did not differ between the groups. Serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations in ovulatory cows were significantly higher than those in AO cows. Cows in O group had better condition with respect to days to first service (DFS), open days (OD), days to first ovulation (DFO) and conception rate than cows in AO group. Thyroid hormone analysis show that T4 concentration and T4:T3 ratio in the AO group were significantly higher than those in O group (P=0.001), while there were no statistically significant differences between groups for T3 concentrations. Also, T3 and T4 concentrations and T4:T3 ratio in both groups were not affected by time (P=0.17) and time×group interaction (P=0.25). In addition, no significant difference was found in the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration between the two groups. Unlike NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) levels in AO group were significantly higher than those in O group (P=0.01). In conclusion, cows with different ovarian activity postpartum had different thyroid hormone profile. Increased T4 concentration and T4:T3 ratio were associated with delay in ovulation and resulted in greater day to first service and open days and followed by lower conception rate.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this report was to describe a clinical case of pregnancy toxaemia in a bitch in the late gestational phase. The patient was presented 61 days after the last mating with an extreme abdominal distension, depression, prostration, apathy, vomiting, anorexia, dehydration, dyspnea and without any labour signs. Ultrasonography revealed fetal distress and laboratory analysis showed anaemia, hypoglycaemia and ketonuria, so diagnosis of pregnancy toxaemia was made. Caesarean section was performed and 13 live puppies were born. In conclusion, this is a very rare case of toxaemia during gestation period in a bitch caused by the large number of fetuses.
{"title":"Pregnancy toxaemia in a French bulldog due to extremely large fetal number: A case report","authors":"A. Antonov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2368","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this report was to describe a clinical case of pregnancy toxaemia in a bitch in the late gestational phase. The patient was presented 61 days after the last mating with an extreme abdominal distension, depression, prostration, apathy, vomiting, anorexia, dehydration, dyspnea and without any labour signs. Ultrasonography revealed fetal distress and laboratory analysis showed anaemia, hypoglycaemia and ketonuria, so diagnosis of pregnancy toxaemia was made. Caesarean section was performed and 13 live puppies were born. In conclusion, this is a very rare case of toxaemia during gestation period in a bitch caused by the large number of fetuses.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80662198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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