In equine practice, inguinal hernia is a common disease and can be either acquired (direct) or congenital (indirect). This retrospective study aimed to describe the presentation and surgical management of acquired inguinal/scrotal herniation in 11 working donkeys (nine intact males, one gelding, and one female). All donkeys had a unilateral acquired inguinal/scrotal hernia, which was noticed by the owner for a period of two to 24 weeks. All the swellings were reducible, painless, not accompanied by an acute abdomen. Ultrasonography, rectal, and clinical examination are useful tools for the diagnosis of inguinal/scrotal hernias in donkeys. Eight animals underwent successful inguinal herniorrhaphy with the removal of the testicle at the affected side, and the superficial inguinal ring was closed by application double-layer polypropylene mesh. The recovery period ranged from 14 to 25 days (average, 16.8 ± 2.8 days). All donkeys released from the clinic returned to their previous levels of exercise. Our study showed that acquired inguinal or scrotal herniation in donkeys is not a clinical emergency requiring prompt intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing this condition in donkeys.
{"title":"Acquired non-incarcerated inguinal/scrotal herniation in working donkeys (Equus asinus)","authors":"M. Marzok, A. M. Moustafa","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2396","url":null,"abstract":"In equine practice, inguinal hernia is a common disease and can be either acquired (direct) or congenital (indirect). This retrospective study aimed to describe the presentation and surgical management of acquired inguinal/scrotal herniation in 11 working donkeys (nine intact males, one gelding, and one female). All donkeys had a unilateral acquired inguinal/scrotal hernia, which was noticed by the owner for a period of two to 24 weeks. All the swellings were reducible, painless, not accompanied by an acute abdomen. Ultrasonography, rectal, and clinical examination are useful tools for the diagnosis of inguinal/scrotal hernias in donkeys. Eight animals underwent successful inguinal herniorrhaphy with the removal of the testicle at the affected side, and the superficial inguinal ring was closed by application double-layer polypropylene mesh. The recovery period ranged from 14 to 25 days (average, 16.8 ± 2.8 days). All donkeys released from the clinic returned to their previous levels of exercise. Our study showed that acquired inguinal or scrotal herniation in donkeys is not a clinical emergency requiring prompt intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing this condition in donkeys.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87205608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study compared the cardiorespiratory and anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone or propofol for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in dogs premedicated with acepromazine-buprenorphine. Six adult Nigerian dogs with mean±S.D. body weight of 11.5±1.6 kg were studied. Acepromazine hydrochloride (0.03 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) were mixed in the same syringe and administered intramuscularly as premedicants. Following obvious sedation, anaesthesia was induced with bolus intravenous (IV) injection of either 2.0 mg/kg alfaxalone or 4.0 mg/kg propofol over a period of about 30 s. Repeated IV bolus injection of either 1.0 mg/kg alfaxalone or 2.0 mg/kg propofol was administered at 10 minute interval for maintenance of anaesthesia over 90 minutes. Physiological variables were measured and recorded at 15 minute intervals over 90 minutes using a multi-parameter monitor. Onset and duration of analgesia with alfaxalone protocol (2.2±0.4 min and 106.2±4.0 min) were significantly (P<0.05) shorter than those with propofol protocol (4.5±1.4 min and 124.5±3.4 min) respectively. Duration of recumbency with alfaxalone (159.5±18.9 min) and propofol (150.8±5.7 min) were not significantly different. Time to standing and recovery time with alfaxalone (38.2±10.8 min and 76.8±28.4 min) were significantly (P<0.05) longer than those with propofol (14.0±3.8 min and 23.5±6.4 min respectively). There were no significant differences between mean heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) between both protocols. In conclusion, either alfaxalone or propofol appeared to be equally efficacious and safe for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in healthy dogs premedicated with acepromazine-buprenorphine.
{"title":"Comparison of cardiorespiratory and anaesthetic effect of alfaxalone or propofol in dogs premedicated with acepromazine-buprenorphine","authors":"S. O. Adediran, A. Adetunji","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2410","url":null,"abstract":"The study compared the cardiorespiratory and anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone or propofol for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in dogs premedicated with acepromazine-buprenorphine. Six adult Nigerian dogs with mean±S.D. body weight of 11.5±1.6 kg were studied. Acepromazine hydrochloride (0.03 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) were mixed in the same syringe and administered intramuscularly as premedicants. Following obvious sedation, anaesthesia was induced with bolus intravenous (IV) injection of either 2.0 mg/kg alfaxalone or 4.0 mg/kg propofol over a period of about 30 s. Repeated IV bolus injection of either 1.0 mg/kg alfaxalone or 2.0 mg/kg propofol was administered at 10 minute interval for maintenance of anaesthesia over 90 minutes. Physiological variables were measured and recorded at 15 minute intervals over 90 minutes using a multi-parameter monitor. Onset and duration of analgesia with alfaxalone protocol (2.2±0.4 min and 106.2±4.0 min) were significantly (P<0.05) shorter than those with propofol protocol (4.5±1.4 min and 124.5±3.4 min) respectively. Duration of recumbency with alfaxalone (159.5±18.9 min) and propofol (150.8±5.7 min) were not significantly different. Time to standing and recovery time with alfaxalone (38.2±10.8 min and 76.8±28.4 min) were significantly (P<0.05) longer than those with propofol (14.0±3.8 min and 23.5±6.4 min respectively). There were no significant differences between mean heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) between both protocols. In conclusion, either alfaxalone or propofol appeared to be equally efficacious and safe for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in healthy dogs premedicated with acepromazine-buprenorphine.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83991855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of proteases and determine the main protease present in the excretory-secretory products (ESPs) from nymphal stage of Linguatula serrata. Infected mesenteric lymph nodes of goats were collected from Tabriz slaughterhouse, northwestern Iran. Recovered Linguatula serrata nymphs were immersed in culture medium (MEM), then ESPs were collected and protease activity in presence of specific inhibitors was assayed. Protease enzyme was further characterised by SDS-PAGE. The results of this study showed that the main protease in the ESPs from the nymphal stage of L. serrata was a metalloprotease that was resistant to heat. In conclusion, these data show that a major protease secreted by the larval stage of L. serrata exhibited properties that may play a role in the pathogenesis of L. serrata nymphs.
{"title":"Protease activity in the excretory-secretory products of nymphal stage of Linguatula serrata: First detection of a metalloprotease","authors":"N. Hajipour, M. Tavassoli, H. Tayefi-Nasrabadi","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2414","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of proteases and determine the main protease present in the excretory-secretory products (ESPs) from nymphal stage of Linguatula serrata. Infected mesenteric lymph nodes of goats were collected from Tabriz slaughterhouse, northwestern Iran. Recovered Linguatula serrata nymphs were immersed in culture medium (MEM), then ESPs were collected and protease activity in presence of specific inhibitors was assayed. Protease enzyme was further characterised by SDS-PAGE. The results of this study showed that the main protease in the ESPs from the nymphal stage of L. serrata was a metalloprotease that was resistant to heat. In conclusion, these data show that a major protease secreted by the larval stage of L. serrata exhibited properties that may play a role in the pathogenesis of L. serrata nymphs.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84755986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is the bacterial cause of an economically important and serious disease of ducks and other poultry species. Extensive reports showed that this disease condition is widely distributed in different countries since 1904. Horizontal and mechanical transmissions are important routes of R. anatipestifer dissemination. The disease is characterised by respiratory, nervous and locomotor disturbance with high mortality rates especially in ducklings. Affected birds showed generalised polyserositis or localised lesions in different organs. The clinical picture of R. anatipestifer is similar to and confused with other bacterial infections, so diagnosis of the disease relies mainly on laboratory techniques. At least 21 serotypes of R. anatipestifer have been identified. Control of R. anatipestifer infection mainly depends on using of the suitable antibiotics according to the antibiogram results. Due to the extensive and hazardous uses of antibiotics, development of multi-drug resistance strains of R. anatipestifer is common. Prevention of the disease can be achieved though application of good management practice and vaccination. Different types of vaccines are commercially available. There are autogenous polyvalent live or inactivated bacterins as well as subunit and recombinant vaccines. The vaccines give protection only for the specific serotypes present in the used vaccines. Therefore, this review article gives an overview on R. anatipestifer infections regarding the distribution all over the world, susceptibility and infection, clinical picture, laboratory diagnosis as well as prevention and control methods.
{"title":"An overview on riemerellosis: A worldwide emerging disease of ducks","authors":"W. A. Abd El-Ghany","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is the bacterial cause of an economically important and serious disease of ducks and other poultry species. Extensive reports showed that this disease condition is widely distributed in different countries since 1904. Horizontal and mechanical transmissions are important routes of R. anatipestifer dissemination. The disease is characterised by respiratory, nervous and locomotor disturbance with high mortality rates especially in ducklings. Affected birds showed generalised polyserositis or localised lesions in different organs. The clinical picture of R. anatipestifer is similar to and confused with other bacterial infections, so diagnosis of the disease relies mainly on laboratory techniques. At least 21 serotypes of R. anatipestifer have been identified. Control of R. anatipestifer infection mainly depends on using of the suitable antibiotics according to the antibiogram results. Due to the extensive and hazardous uses of antibiotics, development of multi-drug resistance strains of R. anatipestifer is common. Prevention of the disease can be achieved though application of good management practice and vaccination. Different types of vaccines are commercially available. There are autogenous polyvalent live or inactivated bacterins as well as subunit and recombinant vaccines. The vaccines give protection only for the specific serotypes present in the used vaccines. Therefore, this review article gives an overview on R. anatipestifer infections regarding the distribution all over the world, susceptibility and infection, clinical picture, laboratory diagnosis as well as prevention and control methods.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six shelters with 7,468 animals (2,305 cats and 5,163 dogs) were followed and diseases and shelter welfare conditions were recorded for one year. Disease records were obtained and categorised on three headings (surgery, internal medicine, and reproductive diseases and interventions) and subheading categories. Descriptive statistics was used to reveal disease distribution, which can attribute to surveillance data. To evaluate shelter welfare conditions, a protocol was developed and shelters were assessed. Under the surgical disease category, the most encountered disease records were open wounds (502, 59.41% and 175, 31.99%) for dogs and cats. For the internal medicine category, the most encountered were respiratory system diseases both for dogs (917, 33.26%) and cats (351, 58.21%). Under the reproductive disease category, the most common disease in dogs was orchitis (29, 60.42%). In cats, the most encountered disease was metritis (19, 79.16%). Ordinal logistic regression was used for evaluation of associations between diseases and shelter conditions. For dogs, with a one-point increase in shelter score, the odds of encountering reproductive diseases increased by 1.4%, while the odds of cumulative and internal diseases decreased 1.1 and 1.2 times (P<0.05) respectively. For cats, with an increase in shelter scores, the odds of encountering reproductive and cumulative diseases increased by 3.4% and 0.2%, respectively (P<0.05). Disease surveillance and their relation with shelter conditions may be helpful to design efficient plans in shelters.
{"title":"Shelter disease surveillance and shelter welfare assessment in short term housing shelters: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Y. Ozturan, I. Akin","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Six shelters with 7,468 animals (2,305 cats and 5,163 dogs) were followed and diseases and shelter welfare conditions were recorded for one year. Disease records were obtained and categorised on three headings (surgery, internal medicine, and reproductive diseases and interventions) and subheading categories. Descriptive statistics was used to reveal disease distribution, which can attribute to surveillance data. To evaluate shelter welfare conditions, a protocol was developed and shelters were assessed. Under the surgical disease category, the most encountered disease records were open wounds (502, 59.41% and 175, 31.99%) for dogs and cats. For the internal medicine category, the most encountered were respiratory system diseases both for dogs (917, 33.26%) and cats (351, 58.21%). Under the reproductive disease category, the most common disease in dogs was orchitis (29, 60.42%). In cats, the most encountered disease was metritis (19, 79.16%). Ordinal logistic regression was used for evaluation of associations between diseases and shelter conditions. For dogs, with a one-point increase in shelter score, the odds of encountering reproductive diseases increased by 1.4%, while the odds of cumulative and internal diseases decreased 1.1 and 1.2 times (P<0.05) respectively. For cats, with an increase in shelter scores, the odds of encountering reproductive and cumulative diseases increased by 3.4% and 0.2%, respectively (P<0.05). Disease surveillance and their relation with shelter conditions may be helpful to design efficient plans in shelters.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89509886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of studies on the use of the new macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin in veterinary medicine. The information is presented according to the species of domestic animals, diseases, doses and shemes for therapy and metaphylaxis. The first section includes data for cattle and calves affected by respiratory diseases, caused by M. haemolytica, M. bovis, H. somni and P. multocida, and keratoconjunctivitis caused by M. bovis. The second one shows data for swine and pigs affected by the respiratory pathogens A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, H. parasuis, B. bronhiseptica and M. hyopneumoniae. A third group presents information about small ruminants with manifested respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, P. multocida, Mycoplasma spp., Pseudomonas spp. and hoof diseases from Dehelobacter nodosus. Fourth group includes the first test results of Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Theileria equi, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causing diseases in horses. The fifth section includes reports of treated rabbits most commonly suffering from P. multocida respiratory infections. Finally, data from new studies on the use of tulathromycin in exotic animals and cases of some tropical diseases are listed. The provided information gives proof for the high sensitivity of the tested pathogens to tulathromycin and high clinical and economical effect that is efficient in single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Compared to other antibacterial agents there is no resistance according to data available so far. Local accumulation and prolonged persistence of the drug in lung tissues, that result in a treatment regime with a single low-volume dose (2.5 mg/kg), are associated with positive clinical outcome in domestic animals: large ruminants, pigs, small ruminants and rabbits with respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, H. somni, P. multocida and M. bovis; A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida, H. parasuis and M. hyopneumoniae; S.aureus, C. pseudotuberculosis and Streptococcus spp. and P.multocida
{"title":"Tulathromycin – a semi-synthetic macrolidе antibiotic. II. Usage in veterinary medicine","authors":"D. Mladenov, S. Yordanov, A. Dimitrova","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2326","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of studies on the use of the new macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin in veterinary medicine. The information is presented according to the species of domestic animals, diseases, doses and shemes for therapy and metaphylaxis. The first section includes data for cattle and calves affected by respiratory diseases, caused by M. haemolytica, M. bovis, H. somni and P. multocida, and keratoconjunctivitis caused by M. bovis. The second one shows data for swine and pigs affected by the respiratory pathogens A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, H. parasuis, B. bronhiseptica and M. hyopneumoniae. A third group presents information about small ruminants with manifested respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, P. multocida, Mycoplasma spp., Pseudomonas spp. and hoof diseases from Dehelobacter nodosus. Fourth group includes the first test results of Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Theileria equi, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causing diseases in horses. The fifth section includes reports of treated rabbits most commonly suffering from P. multocida respiratory infections. Finally, data from new studies on the use of tulathromycin in exotic animals and cases of some tropical diseases are listed. The provided information gives proof for the high sensitivity of the tested pathogens to tulathromycin and high clinical and economical effect that is efficient in single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Compared to other antibacterial agents there is no resistance according to data available so far. Local accumulation and prolonged persistence of the drug in lung tissues, that result in a treatment regime with a single low-volume dose (2.5 mg/kg), are associated with positive clinical outcome in domestic animals: large ruminants, pigs, small ruminants and rabbits with respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, H. somni, P. multocida and M. bovis; A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida, H. parasuis and M. hyopneumoniae; S.aureus, C. pseudotuberculosis and Streptococcus spp. and P.multocida","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"11640 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86691255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the biological and immunological similarity between pigs and humans, pigs are used in medical research. Many morphological studies regarding the structure of the components of mucosal associated lymphatic tissue have been performed in animals including pigs as well as in humans. However, no any information about the existence of extrahepatic bile duct-associated lymphoid tissue (EHBDALT) is available in pigs. The aim of this work was to study the distribution and size of lymphatic nodules in the wall of extrahepatic bile ducts of immature and mature pigs in order to describe the structure of EHBDALT as component of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It was found out that EHBDALT consisted of diffuse lymphatic tissue, solitary and aggregated lymphatic nodules. In 2-month-old pigs, diffuse lymphatic tissue predominated but single lymphatic nodules were found as inactive homogenous encapsulated aggregates of lymphocytes. In mature animals, diffuse lymphatic tissue, primary and secondary nodules were observed. The present micromorphometric study allowed evaluating the age-dependent distribution and size of lymphatic nodules in porcine extrahepatic bile ducts. It provides original data on the presence and age-dependent structure of bile duct MALT in domestic pigs.
{"title":"Age-dependent distribution and size of lymphatic nodules as components of extrahepatic bile duct-associated lymphatic tissue in domestic swine - a micromorphometric study","authors":"I. Stefanov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the biological and immunological similarity between pigs and humans, pigs are used in medical research. Many morphological studies regarding the structure of the components of mucosal associated lymphatic tissue have been performed in animals including pigs as well as in humans. However, no any information about the existence of extrahepatic bile duct-associated lymphoid tissue (EHBDALT) is available in pigs. The aim of this work was to study the distribution and size of lymphatic nodules in the wall of extrahepatic bile ducts of immature and mature pigs in order to describe the structure of EHBDALT as component of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It was found out that EHBDALT consisted of diffuse lymphatic tissue, solitary and aggregated lymphatic nodules. In 2-month-old pigs, diffuse lymphatic tissue predominated but single lymphatic nodules were found as inactive homogenous encapsulated aggregates of lymphocytes. In mature animals, diffuse lymphatic tissue, primary and secondary nodules were observed. The present micromorphometric study allowed evaluating the age-dependent distribution and size of lymphatic nodules in porcine extrahepatic bile ducts. It provides original data on the presence and age-dependent structure of bile duct MALT in domestic pigs.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84285747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintenance of the reproductive fitness quality in dogs is a field of interest in animal practice. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to predict the response of sub-fertile dogs to vitamin and mineral supplementation by evaluating testicular haemodynamics and measuring the changes in peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). Dogs were categorised into three groups (15 in each group): control, vehicle group and supplemented group. Semen evaluation, blood sampling and Doppler were performed on days (D) 0, 30, 60, and 90. In the sub-fertile dogs, semen volume increased from D0 to D90, and Doppler indices correlated negatively (P≤0.05) with testicular blood velocities, nitric oxide metabolites (NO), testosterone levels, scrotal circumference, testicular volume, and testicular coloured area. Doppler indices decreased (P≤0.05) in the hypospermic males from D0 to D90 compared to the normal values. The supplementation improved significantly blood flow by elevating the testicular colouration and decreasing both Doppler indices as the increase in testicular coloured pixels in the supplemented males may be accompanied by an increase in testicular volume, testosterone, and nitric oxide levels.
{"title":"The beneficial effects of enriched diet on testicular blood flow and seminal parameters using colour and pulsed Doppler ultrasound in dogs","authors":"E. A. Abdelnaby, Kh. G. Abd El khalek, I. A. Emam","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of the reproductive fitness quality in dogs is a field of interest in animal practice. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to predict the response of sub-fertile dogs to vitamin and mineral supplementation by evaluating testicular haemodynamics and measuring the changes in peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). Dogs were categorised into three groups (15 in each group): control, vehicle group and supplemented group. Semen evaluation, blood sampling and Doppler were performed on days (D) 0, 30, 60, and 90. In the sub-fertile dogs, semen volume increased from D0 to D90, and Doppler indices correlated negatively (P≤0.05) with testicular blood velocities, nitric oxide metabolites (NO), testosterone levels, scrotal circumference, testicular volume, and testicular coloured area. Doppler indices decreased (P≤0.05) in the hypospermic males from D0 to D90 compared to the normal values. The supplementation improved significantly blood flow by elevating the testicular colouration and decreasing both Doppler indices as the increase in testicular coloured pixels in the supplemented males may be accompanied by an increase in testicular volume, testosterone, and nitric oxide levels.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135701644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical cases of two cats, poisoned with ethylene glycol: one tomcat and a pregnant female in the last quarter of gestation, are presented. Cats were reared outdoor. The history included a sudden weakness, inappetence, lethargy and repeated vomiting in both animals. Physical examination showed reduced skin elasticity, hypothermia (37.3 С° and 37.8 С°), hyporeflexia, pale mucous coats. Blood biochemical changes comprised hyperglycaemia (7.74 and 10.1 mmol/L), hyperphosphataemia (6.3 and 5.67 mmol/L), increased urea (66.6 and 68.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (1408 and 918 µmol/L). Ultrasound examination showed severely increased corticomedullary echogenicity of kidneys, including foetal kidneys. Blood sample obtained post mortem from foetuses was characterised with dramatically increased phosphate (11.3 mmol/L), urea (66.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (642 µmol/L). Foetal urine had abundant calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Such crystals were present also in histological preparations from kidneys of both adult cats and foetuses.
{"title":"Ethylene glycol intoxication in a pregnant cat and a tomcat","authors":"Ts. Hristov, A. Rusenov, R. Simeonov, I. Kalkanov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical cases of two cats, poisoned with ethylene glycol: one tomcat and a pregnant female in the last quarter of gestation, are presented. Cats were reared outdoor. The history included a sudden weakness, inappetence, lethargy and repeated vomiting in both animals. Physical examination showed reduced skin elasticity, hypothermia (37.3 С° and 37.8 С°), hyporeflexia, pale mucous coats. Blood biochemical changes comprised hyperglycaemia (7.74 and 10.1 mmol/L), hyperphosphataemia (6.3 and 5.67 mmol/L), increased urea (66.6 and 68.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (1408 and 918 µmol/L). Ultrasound examination showed severely increased corticomedullary echogenicity of kidneys, including foetal kidneys. Blood sample obtained post mortem from foetuses was characterised with dramatically increased phosphate (11.3 mmol/L), urea (66.2 mmol/L) and creatinine concentrations (642 µmol/L). Foetal urine had abundant calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Such crystals were present also in histological preparations from kidneys of both adult cats and foetuses.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic and phenotypic diversity among infectious bronchitis virus (IBVs) is a key element of the epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis. Virtually, all studies have focused on the evolution of wild viruses. Live-attenuated vaccine strains deserve a special attention. Two strains of IBV, 2T/17 and 16T/17, detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in samples from H120 vaccinated chickens showing respiratory signs, were genetically analysed targeting the S1 gene. The total RNA was extracted by the classical Trizol method. The whole S1 gene was amplified in an end-point RT-PCR using a specific primer pair, before being sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared to those of vaccine strains and reference viruses and finally subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. The two isolates turned out to be vaccine strains as evidenced by the monophyletic cluster they formed with the H120 vaccine strain (100% bootstrap). Also, they shared with this vaccine strain 99.60% and 99.47% of nucleotides (nt) for strain 2T/17 and 16T/17 respectively. The sequence alignment revealed, for each of the two strains, one non-synonymous nt substitution outside the hypervariable regions: C56T and T39G leading to two amino acid (aa) substitutions: Alv19Val and Cys13Trp, respectively for the strain 2T/17 and 16T/17. The second hypervariable region of strain 2T/17 displayed 2 nt substitutions at positions 345 and 347, resulting in an aa substitution Lys116Thr. As for 16T/17 strain, it harboured two non-synonymous nt substitutions (T353G and T380G), leading to two aa substitutions: Val118Gly and Met127Arg. The chromatogram analysis revealed minor and major peaks at all positions where nt changes were observed. Nucleotides associated with minor peaks matched with those observed in the sequence of the H120 vaccine strain at the same positions, indicating subpopulation selection. Only the substitution T353G results in a mutation as evidenced by the absence of minor peak at this position. Viral subpopulations contained in IBV live-attenuated vaccines are susceptible to be in vivo selected and emerge as persistent pathotype with reversion to virulence. This draws attention to the need of monitoring the evolution of IBV vaccine strains.
{"title":"Evolution of avian infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses reisolated from vaccinated broilers","authors":"A. Boudaoud, A. Barberis","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic and phenotypic diversity among infectious bronchitis virus (IBVs) is a key element of the epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis. Virtually, all studies have focused on the evolution of wild viruses. Live-attenuated vaccine strains deserve a special attention. Two strains of IBV, 2T/17 and 16T/17, detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in samples from H120 vaccinated chickens showing respiratory signs, were genetically analysed targeting the S1 gene. The total RNA was extracted by the classical Trizol method. The whole S1 gene was amplified in an end-point RT-PCR using a specific primer pair, before being sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared to those of vaccine strains and reference viruses and finally subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. The two isolates turned out to be vaccine strains as evidenced by the monophyletic cluster they formed with the H120 vaccine strain (100% bootstrap). Also, they shared with this vaccine strain 99.60% and 99.47% of nucleotides (nt) for strain 2T/17 and 16T/17 respectively. The sequence alignment revealed, for each of the two strains, one non-synonymous nt substitution outside the hypervariable regions: C56T and T39G leading to two amino acid (aa) substitutions: Alv19Val and Cys13Trp, respectively for the strain 2T/17 and 16T/17. The second hypervariable region of strain 2T/17 displayed 2 nt substitutions at positions 345 and 347, resulting in an aa substitution Lys116Thr. As for 16T/17 strain, it harboured two non-synonymous nt substitutions (T353G and T380G), leading to two aa substitutions: Val118Gly and Met127Arg. The chromatogram analysis revealed minor and major peaks at all positions where nt changes were observed. Nucleotides associated with minor peaks matched with those observed in the sequence of the H120 vaccine strain at the same positions, indicating subpopulation selection. Only the substitution T353G results in a mutation as evidenced by the absence of minor peak at this position. Viral subpopulations contained in IBV live-attenuated vaccines are susceptible to be in vivo selected and emerge as persistent pathotype with reversion to virulence. This draws attention to the need of monitoring the evolution of IBV vaccine strains.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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