This study was focused on the detection of a new apicomplexan parasite (Plasmodium spp.) and its clinical and haematological effects during infection of domesticated water buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) in Mosul city, Iraq. Although Plasmodium parasites of ungulates are diverse and distributed worldwide, no data are available in Iraq about any ungulate malaria, so the current investigation endeavoured to bridge this gap in the existing body of knowledge. The study included 70 cases of domesticated water buffaloes at different ages and from both sexes that were brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. The animals were from different regions of Mosul in northern Iraq. Microscopic examination was carried out on blood smears to detect Plasmodium parasite. The nested PCR assay was also conducted using Plasmodium spp. cytochrome b gene (cytb) specific primers to confirm the infection. Results showed the presence of Plasmodium parasite in 24.28% (17/70) of cases. Plasmodium bubalis was detected by PCR in three cases from 11 buffaloes. Among infected buffaloes, the symptomatic cases of malaria were 64.5%, while only 35.5% were asymptomatic (occult) cases. Moreover, fever in 54% of cases, paleness of the mucous membranes in 36% of cases, and recumbences in 10% of cases were the clinical signs reported in symptomatic malaria cases. Anaemia and thrombocytopaenia made up the majority of the haematological abnormalities observed in malaria-infected buffaloes. This is the first report about Plasmodium bubalis in Iraqi buffaloes.
{"title":"Detection of a new Apicomplexa group from buffaloes in Mosul city, Iraq","authors":"B. A. Albadrani, H. M. Alimam, Q. Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0156","url":null,"abstract":"This study was focused on the detection of a new apicomplexan parasite (Plasmodium spp.) and its clinical and haematological effects during infection of domesticated water buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) in Mosul city, Iraq. Although Plasmodium parasites of ungulates are diverse and distributed worldwide, no data are available in Iraq about any ungulate malaria, so the current investigation endeavoured to bridge this gap in the existing body of knowledge. The study included 70 cases of domesticated water buffaloes at different ages and from both sexes that were brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. The animals were from different regions of Mosul in northern Iraq. Microscopic examination was carried out on blood smears to detect Plasmodium parasite. The nested PCR assay was also conducted using Plasmodium spp. cytochrome b gene (cytb) specific primers to confirm the infection. Results showed the presence of Plasmodium parasite in 24.28% (17/70) of cases. Plasmodium bubalis was detected by PCR in three cases from 11 buffaloes. Among infected buffaloes, the symptomatic cases of malaria were 64.5%, while only 35.5% were asymptomatic (occult) cases. Moreover, fever in 54% of cases, paleness of the mucous membranes in 36% of cases, and recumbences in 10% of cases were the clinical signs reported in symptomatic malaria cases. Anaemia and thrombocytopaenia made up the majority of the haematological abnormalities observed in malaria-infected buffaloes. This is the first report about Plasmodium bubalis in Iraqi buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Stefanov, A. Vodenicharov, P. Atanassova, P. Hrischev, I. Vulkova, D. Stoyanov, N. Tsandev, H. А. Hristov
Detailed mast cell classification is reported in humans and rats, however such classification is not available in porcine common hepatic duct. It is interesting to find out whether mast cells in common hepatic duct are able to produce ghrelin, which is involved in a series of biological functions including regulation of food intake, body weight, gastrointestinal motility, hormone secretion, glucose release, cardiovascular functions, enzyme release, cell proliferation and reproduction in pigs. Because the determination of the cellular mechanisms responsible for normal and pathological biliary tract motility is difficult in humans, swine appears to be one of the most suitable animal model for physiological and morphological studies related to ghrelin peptide. The lack of information about the distribution of mast cells in the wall of common hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus communis) in domestic swine motivated us to undertake this study in order to gain a better understanding of ghrelin peptide. The aim of this study was to define the localisation and number of tryptase-, ghrelin- and toluidine blue positive mast cells in the layers of porcine common hepatic duct. In this respect, the immunohistochemical staining for detection of tryptase and ghrelin expression was performed. The toluidine blue staining allowed the visualisation of metachromatic mast cells. The comparative study showed that tryptase positive cells were more numerous than metachromatic cells in all layers of the studied organ but the density of ghrelin positive cells was the highest. Tryptase immunohistochemistry allowed distinguishing ghrelin expressing mast cells from all ghrelin positive cells. The highest number of ghrelin positive cells indicated that not only mast cells but other cells also express ghrelin. The results allowed concluding that studied mast cell types had different density in the three main layers of common hepatic duct. The highest density of mast cells in the muscular layer and the possibility of mast cells to express ghrelin define its role in regulation of common hepatic duct motility and glandular secretion.
{"title":"Mast cell density in domestic swine common hepatic duct","authors":"I. Stefanov, A. Vodenicharov, P. Atanassova, P. Hrischev, I. Vulkova, D. Stoyanov, N. Tsandev, H. А. Hristov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0145","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed mast cell classification is reported in humans and rats, however such classification is not available in porcine common hepatic duct. It is interesting to find out whether mast cells in common hepatic duct are able to produce ghrelin, which is involved in a series of biological functions including regulation of food intake, body weight, gastrointestinal motility, hormone secretion, glucose release, cardiovascular functions, enzyme release, cell proliferation and reproduction in pigs. Because the determination of the cellular mechanisms responsible for normal and pathological biliary tract motility is difficult in humans, swine appears to be one of the most suitable animal model for physiological and morphological studies related to ghrelin peptide. The lack of information about the distribution of mast cells in the wall of common hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus communis) in domestic swine motivated us to undertake this study in order to gain a better understanding of ghrelin peptide. The aim of this study was to define the localisation and number of tryptase-, ghrelin- and toluidine blue positive mast cells in the layers of porcine common hepatic duct. In this respect, the immunohistochemical staining for detection of tryptase and ghrelin expression was performed. The toluidine blue staining allowed the visualisation of metachromatic mast cells. The comparative study showed that tryptase positive cells were more numerous than metachromatic cells in all layers of the studied organ but the density of ghrelin positive cells was the highest. Tryptase immunohistochemistry allowed distinguishing ghrelin expressing mast cells from all ghrelin positive cells. The highest number of ghrelin positive cells indicated that not only mast cells but other cells also express ghrelin. The results allowed concluding that studied mast cell types had different density in the three main layers of common hepatic duct. The highest density of mast cells in the muscular layer and the possibility of mast cells to express ghrelin define its role in regulation of common hepatic duct motility and glandular secretion.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90656438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The information about abamectin efficacy in cases of feline aelurostrongylosis is scarce. Six naturally infected cats were treated with combination of abamectin and praziquantel every seven days until two consecutive negative faecal test results. Abamectin was administered at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg. For the evaluation of the efficacy, the number of larvae per gram (LPG) was assessed 30 and 60 days after the first treatment by the Baermann’s technique. After the first 4 administrations, a rapid decline in LPG was observed and after the 8th administration, all animals were free of A. abstrusus larvae. Although the results affirm that abamectin may be successfully used in cases of aelurostrogylosis in cats, further clinical studies are needed to validate this pilot investigation.
{"title":"First study on the efficacy of abamectin in a combined formulation with praziquantel against Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats","authors":"A. Tonev, P. Iliev, R. Mileva","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2435","url":null,"abstract":"The information about abamectin efficacy in cases of feline aelurostrongylosis is scarce. Six naturally infected cats were treated with combination of abamectin and praziquantel every seven days until two consecutive negative faecal test results. Abamectin was administered at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg. For the evaluation of the efficacy, the number of larvae per gram (LPG) was assessed 30 and 60 days after the first treatment by the Baermann’s technique. After the first 4 administrations, a rapid decline in LPG was observed and after the 8th administration, all animals were free of A. abstrusus larvae. Although the results affirm that abamectin may be successfully used in cases of aelurostrogylosis in cats, further clinical studies are needed to validate this pilot investigation.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Golshan, B. Khoramian Toosi, M. Heidarpour M. Heidarpour
The objective of the current research was to compare oxidative stress markers, metabolic variables and serum amyloid A (SAA) in dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis before and after treatment and to evaluate their correlation with treatment outcome. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and SAA were measured in milk samples and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, calcium and magnesium were determined in blood serum samples of two groups of cows: 1) S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with unsuccessful treatment (UST group; S. aureus isolated in bacterial culture and somatic cell count (SCC) ≥ 200,000 cells/mL in milk samples obtained before and after treatment; n=26), and 2) S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment (ST group; negative bacterial culture and SCC < 200,000 cells/mL in milk samples obtained after treatment; n=26). Successful treatment significantly decreased milk SCC and SAA and serum NEFA (P<0.05), while significantly increased serum calcium, magnesium and glucose levels (P<0.05) in ST cows. After unsuccessful treatment, mean milk SAA dropped significantly (P<0.05) while milk TAC and SCC and serum calcium levels increased (P<0.05) in UST cows. The findings of the present study showed that the improvement of negative energy balance (observed as decreased NEFA and increased glucose concentration following successful treatment) might be an important variable for the treatment outcome of S. aureus subclinical mastitis in dairy cows
{"title":"Pre- and post-treatment oxidative stress markers, serum amyloid A and metabolic variables in dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis","authors":"N. Golshan, B. Khoramian Toosi, M. Heidarpour M. Heidarpour","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0051","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current research was to compare oxidative stress markers, metabolic variables and serum amyloid A (SAA) in dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis before and after treatment and to evaluate their correlation with treatment outcome. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and SAA were measured in milk samples and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, calcium and magnesium were determined in blood serum samples of two groups of cows: 1) S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with unsuccessful treatment (UST group; S. aureus isolated in bacterial culture and somatic cell count (SCC) ≥ 200,000 cells/mL in milk samples obtained before and after treatment; n=26), and 2) S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment (ST group; negative bacterial culture and SCC < 200,000 cells/mL in milk samples obtained after treatment; n=26). Successful treatment significantly decreased milk SCC and SAA and serum NEFA (P<0.05), while significantly increased serum calcium, magnesium and glucose levels (P<0.05) in ST cows. After unsuccessful treatment, mean milk SAA dropped significantly (P<0.05) while milk TAC and SCC and serum calcium levels increased (P<0.05) in UST cows. The findings of the present study showed that the improvement of negative energy balance (observed as decreased NEFA and increased glucose concentration following successful treatment) might be an important variable for the treatment outcome of S. aureus subclinical mastitis in dairy cows","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135556492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Korro, A. Lugaj, J. Mavromati, T. Bimo, E. Xeka, U. Pantovic, J. Andevski
Raptors are large carnivorous birds, most well known for their scavenging nature. This study evaluates the level of exposure to toxins in raptors and vultures in Albania to assess whether existing legislation and regulations are effectively protecting vultures and other wildlife in Albania. During 2014-2018, at the Wildlife Animals Laboratory, Agriculture University of Tirana, Albania, 35 birds (Circaetus gallicus, Gyps fulvus, Gypaetus barbatus) were tested for exposure to toxins. The results indicated elevated blood lead levels in 65.7% of sampled raptors, while in 17.1% there was evidence of exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac, based on visceral gout and the presence of cases with high serum uric acid concentration. Other injuries were found in 17.1% of raptors, with the most frequent being physical damage, traumatic injuries, or fractures caused by farmers, shooting, electric burn injuries from electrocution, injuries from collisions, etc. The results suggest that lead poisoning in raptors could be one of the main reasons for the observed declines in vulture populations in Albania. Furthermore, the apparent evidence for exposure to NSAIDs is concerning and requires further investigation.
{"title":"Monitoring of exposure to toxins in raptors in Albania","authors":"K. Korro, A. Lugaj, J. Mavromati, T. Bimo, E. Xeka, U. Pantovic, J. Andevski","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Raptors are large carnivorous birds, most well known for their scavenging nature. This study evaluates the level of exposure to toxins in raptors and vultures in Albania to assess whether existing legislation and regulations are effectively protecting vultures and other wildlife in Albania. During 2014-2018, at the Wildlife Animals Laboratory, Agriculture University of Tirana, Albania, 35 birds (Circaetus gallicus, Gyps fulvus, Gypaetus barbatus) were tested for exposure to toxins. The results indicated elevated blood lead levels in 65.7% of sampled raptors, while in 17.1% there was evidence of exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac, based on visceral gout and the presence of cases with high serum uric acid concentration. Other injuries were found in 17.1% of raptors, with the most frequent being physical damage, traumatic injuries, or fractures caused by farmers, shooting, electric burn injuries from electrocution, injuries from collisions, etc. The results suggest that lead poisoning in raptors could be one of the main reasons for the observed declines in vulture populations in Albania. Furthermore, the apparent evidence for exposure to NSAIDs is concerning and requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135653168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coccidia is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan of poultry that invade the mucosa and induce epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation. To assess the pathogenicity of two commercial anticoccidial vaccines against a local isolate of Eimeria tenella, ninety (90) day-old dominant black chicks were assigned to 9 groups of 10 birds each. Immunisation was done at 5 days of age by oral gavage. Infection was done with 1.7×104 E. tenella of either Houghton strain (H-strain) or local isolate (L-isolate) at 4 weeks of age. Increased pathogenicity of the local isolate was observed, as it produced a more severe gross pathologic lesion score than the Houghton strain in unvaccinated but infected groups of chickens 6 days post-infection (dpi). The high virulence and pathogenicity of the local E. tenella was responsible for the differences in the severity of clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions observed between the H-strain and L-isolate infected groups. The histopathology showed that the vaccinated groups, infected with the H-strain of E. tenella, did not show presence of oocysts or schizonts by 6 dpi. The successful immunogenicity and effectiveness of these two vaccines as measured by the histopathologic lesions and the presence of oocysts in the enterocytes of the caecal crypts of these chickens were reduced in vaccinated and L-isolate infected groups. The findings in the L-isolate groups were setbacks to the use of live attenuated and non-attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for control of coccidiosis and in particular, caecal coccidiosis in chickens reared in environments dominated by virulent E. tenella.
{"title":"Immunisation of chickens with commercial anticoccidial vaccines Immucox® and Livacox® showed varied protection against a virulent Eimeria tenella local isolate and Houghton strain","authors":"O. B. Akanbi, V. O. Taiwo, S. D. Ola-Fadunsin","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidia is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan of poultry that invade the mucosa and induce epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation. To assess the pathogenicity of two commercial anticoccidial vaccines against a local isolate of Eimeria tenella, ninety (90) day-old dominant black chicks were assigned to 9 groups of 10 birds each. Immunisation was done at 5 days of age by oral gavage. Infection was done with 1.7×104 E. tenella of either Houghton strain (H-strain) or local isolate (L-isolate) at 4 weeks of age. Increased pathogenicity of the local isolate was observed, as it produced a more severe gross pathologic lesion score than the Houghton strain in unvaccinated but infected groups of chickens 6 days post-infection (dpi). The high virulence and pathogenicity of the local E. tenella was responsible for the differences in the severity of clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions observed between the H-strain and L-isolate infected groups. The histopathology showed that the vaccinated groups, infected with the H-strain of E. tenella, did not show presence of oocysts or schizonts by 6 dpi. The successful immunogenicity and effectiveness of these two vaccines as measured by the histopathologic lesions and the presence of oocysts in the enterocytes of the caecal crypts of these chickens were reduced in vaccinated and L-isolate infected groups. The findings in the L-isolate groups were setbacks to the use of live attenuated and non-attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for control of coccidiosis and in particular, caecal coccidiosis in chickens reared in environments dominated by virulent E. tenella.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Aflakian, M. Rad, Gh. Hashemitabar, M. Lagzian, M. Ramezani
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the causative pathogens of bovine mastitis. Most of P. aeruginosa cells can form biofilm, thereby reducing antibiotic efficacy which has become a significant public health challenge nowadays. In the present study, biofilm formation of 50 isolates was assessed. The inhibitory effect of three designed antimicrobial peptides (FASK, YDVD, WSF) on P. aeruginosa planktonic growth and biofilms was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the peptides under study was 1600 µg/mL. The synthetic compounds had a significant inhibitory effect at concentrations of 1/2 MIC (800 µg/mL) and 1/4 MIC (400 µg/mL) on biofilm formation of these isolates, and showed anti-biofilm activity at a lower concentration than MIC. Antibacterial peptides FASK, YDVD with 70% antibiofilm effect and WSF with 60% effect prevented the formation of biofilm by mastitis isolates at a concentration of 1/2 MIC. The peptides of this study are promising candidates for inhibiting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.
{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel antimicrobial peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from bovine mastitis","authors":"F. Aflakian, M. Rad, Gh. Hashemitabar, M. Lagzian, M. Ramezani","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the causative pathogens of bovine mastitis. Most of P. aeruginosa cells can form biofilm, thereby reducing antibiotic efficacy which has become a significant public health challenge nowadays. In the present study, biofilm formation of 50 isolates was assessed. The inhibitory effect of three designed antimicrobial peptides (FASK, YDVD, WSF) on P. aeruginosa planktonic growth and biofilms was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the peptides under study was 1600 µg/mL. The synthetic compounds had a significant inhibitory effect at concentrations of 1/2 MIC (800 µg/mL) and 1/4 MIC (400 µg/mL) on biofilm formation of these isolates, and showed anti-biofilm activity at a lower concentration than MIC. Antibacterial peptides FASK, YDVD with 70% antibiofilm effect and WSF with 60% effect prevented the formation of biofilm by mastitis isolates at a concentration of 1/2 MIC. The peptides of this study are promising candidates for inhibiting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135556489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Sayed, K. H. El-Shahat, H. Eissa, A. M. Abo El-Maaty, E. A. Abdelnaby
The present investigation aimed to study the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics during the estrous cycle in buffaloes in correlation with the hormonal changes (estradiol and progesterone) and nitric oxide. Six cyclic buffalo cows were scanned via transrectal Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the normal ovarian and uterine haemodynamics through three successive estrous cycles. Results showed that the dominant follicle (F1) area, F1 diameter, area, antrum area, coloured area (pixels) and colour area % attained the highest values (P<0.0001) during the follicular phase. The vascularisation of F1 tended to be higher (P>0.05) on the day of ovulation (Day 0). The diameter and the vascularisation of the corpus luteum (CL) reached peak values (P<0.0001) at Day 14 and decreased to minimum values at Day 21. Plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations correlated positively with the diameter of CL (r ≤ 0.37; P≤0.01), CL area (r≤0.35; P≤0.009), and CL colour area (pixels) (r≤0.39; P≤0.001). Besides, the estradiol (E2) level correlated with F1 diameter (r≤0.19; P≤0.0001) and F1 area (r≤0.18; P≤0.0001). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the ipsilateral ovarian (P≤0.082) and uterine (P≤0.024) arteries were higher than those obtained for the contralateral ones. A similar finding was obtained in end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the ovarian arteries (P≤0.005). In conclusion, the blood flow of the ovary and uterus recorded in buffaloes varied according to the ovulating ovary, day and phase of the estrous cycle as well as with the hormonal changes.
{"title":"Ovarian and uterine haemodynamics during the estrous cycle of Egyptian buffaloes in relation to steroid hormonal and nitric oxide levels","authors":"M. F. Sayed, K. H. El-Shahat, H. Eissa, A. M. Abo El-Maaty, E. A. Abdelnaby","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2021-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0048","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aimed to study the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics during the estrous cycle in buffaloes in correlation with the hormonal changes (estradiol and progesterone) and nitric oxide. Six cyclic buffalo cows were scanned via transrectal Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the normal ovarian and uterine haemodynamics through three successive estrous cycles. Results showed that the dominant follicle (F1) area, F1 diameter, area, antrum area, coloured area (pixels) and colour area % attained the highest values (P<0.0001) during the follicular phase. The vascularisation of F1 tended to be higher (P>0.05) on the day of ovulation (Day 0). The diameter and the vascularisation of the corpus luteum (CL) reached peak values (P<0.0001) at Day 14 and decreased to minimum values at Day 21. Plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations correlated positively with the diameter of CL (r ≤ 0.37; P≤0.01), CL area (r≤0.35; P≤0.009), and CL colour area (pixels) (r≤0.39; P≤0.001). Besides, the estradiol (E2) level correlated with F1 diameter (r≤0.19; P≤0.0001) and F1 area (r≤0.18; P≤0.0001). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the ipsilateral ovarian (P≤0.082) and uterine (P≤0.024) arteries were higher than those obtained for the contralateral ones. A similar finding was obtained in end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the ovarian arteries (P≤0.005). In conclusion, the blood flow of the ovary and uterus recorded in buffaloes varied according to the ovulating ovary, day and phase of the estrous cycle as well as with the hormonal changes.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the similar pattern of ghrelin localisation in human and porcine intestine, swine are described as a suitable animal model for experiments related to ghrelin and its receptors. In a previous study of ours, the presence of ghrelin immunoreactive endocrine cells in common bile duct (Ductus choledochus) (CBD) of domestic swine was established. However, data regarding the distribution of mast cell types in the CBD in this species are missing. The current study aimed to determine the distribution of tryptase-, ghrelin- and toluidine blue positive mast cells in the wall of extra- and intramural parts of porcine CBD. For this purpose, immunohistochemical staining for detection of tryptase was performed in order to identify ghrelin reactivity in mast cells. Additionally, toluidine blue staining was carried out to compare the number of metachromatic mast cells with that of tryptase positive cells. The comparative quantitative analysis showed that the number of tryptase immunorective cells was higher than that of metachromatic ones in the CBD wall. Ghrelin immunoreactive cells were the most numerous, therefore it can be assumed that not only mast cells but other cells also contain ghrelin. The three mast cells types were more abundant in the propria and subserosa of the intramural part than in the same layers of extramural CBD part. In the muscle layer, mast cell number was higher in the extramural than in the intramural part of the duct. In conclusion, taking into account the results obtained, an important role of mast cells play in controlling CBD motility and biliary gland function was suggested.
{"title":"Mast cell distribution in porcine common bile duct with special reference to ghrelin","authors":"I. Stefanov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the similar pattern of ghrelin localisation in human and porcine intestine, swine are described as a suitable animal model for experiments related to ghrelin and its receptors. In a previous study of ours, the presence of ghrelin immunoreactive endocrine cells in common bile duct (Ductus choledochus) (CBD) of domestic swine was established. However, data regarding the distribution of mast cell types in the CBD in this species are missing. The current study aimed to determine the distribution of tryptase-, ghrelin- and toluidine blue positive mast cells in the wall of extra- and intramural parts of porcine CBD. For this purpose, immunohistochemical staining for detection of tryptase was performed in order to identify ghrelin reactivity in mast cells. Additionally, toluidine blue staining was carried out to compare the number of metachromatic mast cells with that of tryptase positive cells. The comparative quantitative analysis showed that the number of tryptase immunorective cells was higher than that of metachromatic ones in the CBD wall. Ghrelin immunoreactive cells were the most numerous, therefore it can be assumed that not only mast cells but other cells also contain ghrelin. The three mast cells types were more abundant in the propria and subserosa of the intramural part than in the same layers of extramural CBD part. In the muscle layer, mast cell number was higher in the extramural than in the intramural part of the duct. In conclusion, taking into account the results obtained, an important role of mast cells play in controlling CBD motility and biliary gland function was suggested.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88330838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antimicrobial effect of colloidal nanosilver (AgNPs) at concentrations of 20 and 30 ppm against reference Esherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans strains and two clinical isolates (Pseudominas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes) was tested. The classical agar diffusion method, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the time of antimicrobial action of AgNPs were used. In the studies performed by the agar diffusion method, a very good inhibitory effect of AgNPs 30 ppm and to a much lesser extent of AgNPs 20 ppm, was reported against all studied microorganisms. The studied Gram-negative bacteria showed higher sensitivity to both preparations compared to the Gram-positive microorganisms (P>0.05). The lowest sensitivity was reported for S. aureus and C. albicans, and the highest - for P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes. The lowest MICs of AgNPs 20 ppm were reported for P. aeruginosa and C. perfringens. For them, the MIC50 was 1 μg/mL, and for the rest - 2 μg/mL. Again, C. perfringens showed the highest sensitivity to AgNPs 30 ppm with MIC50 0.5 μg/mL, and the lowest one was that of S. aureus with MIC50 2 μg/mL. For the Gram-positive bacteria MIC values were higher than for Gram-negative ones. AgNPs 20 ppm and AgNPs 30 ppm inactivated all bacterial strains tested at final concentrations of 103 cells/mL and 104 cells/mL within 5 min; only C. albicans persisted longer. The tested microorganisms remained viable for significantly longer time in the presence of AgNPs 20 ppm and AgNPs 30 ppm when in suspensions with a density of 106 cells/mL. These results are promising for the successful use of AgNPs for disinfection, as well as for topical therapy of infections involving these bacterial species.
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of colloidal nano silver","authors":"T. Popova, I. Ignatov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2411","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial effect of colloidal nanosilver (AgNPs) at concentrations of 20 and 30 ppm against reference Esherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans strains and two clinical isolates (Pseudominas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes) was tested. The classical agar diffusion method, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the time of antimicrobial action of AgNPs were used. In the studies performed by the agar diffusion method, a very good inhibitory effect of AgNPs 30 ppm and to a much lesser extent of AgNPs 20 ppm, was reported against all studied microorganisms. The studied Gram-negative bacteria showed higher sensitivity to both preparations compared to the Gram-positive microorganisms (P>0.05). The lowest sensitivity was reported for S. aureus and C. albicans, and the highest - for P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes. The lowest MICs of AgNPs 20 ppm were reported for P. aeruginosa and C. perfringens. For them, the MIC50 was 1 μg/mL, and for the rest - 2 μg/mL. Again, C. perfringens showed the highest sensitivity to AgNPs 30 ppm with MIC50 0.5 μg/mL, and the lowest one was that of S. aureus with MIC50 2 μg/mL. For the Gram-positive bacteria MIC values were higher than for Gram-negative ones. AgNPs 20 ppm and AgNPs 30 ppm inactivated all bacterial strains tested at final concentrations of 103 cells/mL and 104 cells/mL within 5 min; only C. albicans persisted longer. The tested microorganisms remained viable for significantly longer time in the presence of AgNPs 20 ppm and AgNPs 30 ppm when in suspensions with a density of 106 cells/mL. These results are promising for the successful use of AgNPs for disinfection, as well as for topical therapy of infections involving these bacterial species.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85576778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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