This study was designed to investigate the relationships between basic biometric parameters and pixel distribution in predetermined regions of B-mode testicular ultrasonogram in young and sexually mature rams by computer assisted analysis. The animals were separated in two groups: group I (young rams, aged 5-8 months; n=6) and group II (sexually mature rams, aged 14-18 months; n=6). Biometric parameters as age, body weight and scrotal circumference were determined by routine methods. A trans-scrotal ultrasonography of both testes was performed with 7 MHz linear transrectal probe by the same operator with focus, gain and brightness values kept constant during the study. The ultrasound images were obtained in a longitudinal view plane and frozen when visualisation of the testicular mediastinum was clear and apparent. All images were transferred to a computer, converted to gray-scale (0-255 pixels) and submitted to pixel distribution analysis using Image ProPlus 7.0 analytical software and option range statistics. The pixel distribution analysis in the same region for left and right testes was based on the pixel ranges classification for different biological tissues (blood, lipids, muscle, fibrous and calcium) and expressed as colour area in percentages. The arithmetic mean of values for the left and right testis was accepted as a final value for each ram. The data for both groups were statistically processed, compared and the relationships between the biometric parameters and different pixel ranges were determined. Significant differences (P<0.05) among the groups were recorded for all biometric parameters and the lipid area only. The biometric parameters correlated positively (R≥0.92; P<0.05) each with the other, while their relationship (R≤ -0.94; P<0.05) with the lipid area and the correlation between muscle and fibrous area were negative (R= -0.92; P<0.05). In conclusion, the pixel distribution analysis of a predetermined region of B-mode testicular ultrasonogram based on pixel ranges classification for different biological tissues can be used for detection of testicular parenchyma changes in rams. Future comparative histologic and ultrasound investigations are needed to determine correct pixel values for different biological tissues in the testes of young and sexually mature rams.
{"title":"Biometric parameters and computer assisted analysis of pixel distribution on B-mode testicular ultrasonogram in young and sexually mature rams","authors":"S. Yotov","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2370","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the relationships between basic biometric parameters and pixel distribution in predetermined regions of B-mode testicular ultrasonogram in young and sexually mature rams by computer assisted analysis. The animals were separated in two groups: group I (young rams, aged 5-8 months; n=6) and group II (sexually mature rams, aged 14-18 months; n=6). Biometric parameters as age, body weight and scrotal circumference were determined by routine methods. A trans-scrotal ultrasonography of both testes was performed with 7 MHz linear transrectal probe by the same operator with focus, gain and brightness values kept constant during the study. The ultrasound images were obtained in a longitudinal view plane and frozen when visualisation of the testicular mediastinum was clear and apparent. All images were transferred to a computer, converted to gray-scale (0-255 pixels) and submitted to pixel distribution analysis using Image ProPlus 7.0 analytical software and option range statistics. The pixel distribution analysis in the same region for left and right testes was based on the pixel ranges classification for different biological tissues (blood, lipids, muscle, fibrous and calcium) and expressed as colour area in percentages. The arithmetic mean of values for the left and right testis was accepted as a final value for each ram. The data for both groups were statistically processed, compared and the relationships between the biometric parameters and different pixel ranges were determined. Significant differences (P<0.05) among the groups were recorded for all biometric parameters and the lipid area only. The biometric parameters correlated positively (R≥0.92; P<0.05) each with the other, while their relationship (R≤ -0.94; P<0.05) with the lipid area and the correlation between muscle and fibrous area were negative (R= -0.92; P<0.05). In conclusion, the pixel distribution analysis of a predetermined region of B-mode testicular ultrasonogram based on pixel ranges classification for different biological tissues can be used for detection of testicular parenchyma changes in rams. Future comparative histologic and ultrasound investigations are needed to determine correct pixel values for different biological tissues in the testes of young and sexually mature rams.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79392366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arcobacter spp. are food-borne and zoonotic entero-pathogens. Obtaining information in relation to antimicrobial resistance helps us for utilisation of an appropriate agent for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in animal raw meat in Iran. The samples were collected from cattle (n=80), sheep (n=80), goats (n=80), camels (n=80), and buffaloes (n=60) from Khuzestan (n=110), Isfahan (n=80), Gilan (n=110) and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (n=80) provinces. Arcobacter isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method. The antibiotic resistance was also investigated. All isolates were screened for 6 virulence genes: cadF, ciaB, cj1349, Mvin, pldA and tlyA by PCR assays. The results showed that the prevalence of Arcobacter species had no significant difference among provinces and animals (P>0.05), so that positive samples were 1.25%, 1.25%, and 0.9% in Isfafhan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Gilan, respectively. Virulence genes were observed for A. butzleri species (n=3, 100%). The results showed that Arcobacter spp. were resistant to streptomycin (100%), tetracycline (100%) and vancomycin (100%), but were susceptible to azithromycin (33.33%). In sum, the different regions of the Iran had a relative incidence of 1% for Arcobacter spp. The species showed a resistance of 100% for streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin. These findings could help to identify Arcobacter spp. and select the best agent against infection in case of Arcobacter infection in animals.
{"title":"Prevalence, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter isolates from animal meat in Iran","authors":"R. Najafi Goojani, E. Rahimi, A. Shakerian","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Arcobacter spp. are food-borne and zoonotic entero-pathogens. Obtaining information in relation to antimicrobial resistance helps us for utilisation of an appropriate agent for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in animal raw meat in Iran. The samples were collected from cattle (n=80), sheep (n=80), goats (n=80), camels (n=80), and buffaloes (n=60) from Khuzestan (n=110), Isfahan (n=80), Gilan (n=110) and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (n=80) provinces. Arcobacter isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method. The antibiotic resistance was also investigated. All isolates were screened for 6 virulence genes: cadF, ciaB, cj1349, Mvin, pldA and tlyA by PCR assays. The results showed that the prevalence of Arcobacter species had no significant difference among provinces and animals (P>0.05), so that positive samples were 1.25%, 1.25%, and 0.9% in Isfafhan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Gilan, respectively. Virulence genes were observed for A. butzleri species (n=3, 100%). The results showed that Arcobacter spp. were resistant to streptomycin (100%), tetracycline (100%) and vancomycin (100%), but were susceptible to azithromycin (33.33%). In sum, the different regions of the Iran had a relative incidence of 1% for Arcobacter spp. The species showed a resistance of 100% for streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin. These findings could help to identify Arcobacter spp. and select the best agent against infection in case of Arcobacter infection in animals.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical involved in formation of plastic vessels, is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals. The study was designed to investigate the effect of BPA on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to 330 mg/kg BPA orally every other day for 12 weeks; control rats were exposed orally to ethyl alcohol and corn oil. Samples were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for hormonal, biochemical assays and histopathological examination. The insulin hormone in exposed young rats was decreased, but its level in adult ones was increased; the biochemical assay for blood sugar level showed a significant increase in young rats and decrease in adult ones. T3 hormone was increased in treated young and adult rats; T4 hormone was increased in treated adults, while calcium level was decreased in treated adult rats. The histopathological findings of pancreas revealed vacuolation in its endocrine parts in young rats, while in adult ones there was intralobular fatty infiltration - a typical picture of diabetes. The thyroid gland in treated young female rats showed increased cellularity of parafollicular cells; moreover there was parafollicular haemorrhage, and in adult ones - desquamation in lining epithelium of follicular cells. In conclusion, exposure of young and adult female rats to BPA resulted in changes in the pancreatic and thyroid gland cells manifested by morphological, hormonal and biochemical parameters.
{"title":"Effects of bisphenol A on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawlеy rats","authors":"D. Yahia, H. Hamdy, D. A. Salem, S. Afifi","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical involved in formation of plastic vessels, is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals. The study was designed to investigate the effect of BPA on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to 330 mg/kg BPA orally every other day for 12 weeks; control rats were exposed orally to ethyl alcohol and corn oil. Samples were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for hormonal, biochemical assays and histopathological examination. The insulin hormone in exposed young rats was decreased, but its level in adult ones was increased; the biochemical assay for blood sugar level showed a significant increase in young rats and decrease in adult ones. T3 hormone was increased in treated young and adult rats; T4 hormone was increased in treated adults, while calcium level was decreased in treated adult rats. The histopathological findings of pancreas revealed vacuolation in its endocrine parts in young rats, while in adult ones there was intralobular fatty infiltration - a typical picture of diabetes. The thyroid gland in treated young female rats showed increased cellularity of parafollicular cells; moreover there was parafollicular haemorrhage, and in adult ones - desquamation in lining epithelium of follicular cells. In conclusion, exposure of young and adult female rats to BPA resulted in changes in the pancreatic and thyroid gland cells manifested by morphological, hormonal and biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"1981 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90287495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gholami, P. Dehghan Rahim Abadi, M. H. Naji Zadeh, D. Golchin, H. Ildar Abadi, H. Rasmi Atigh
Coenurus cerebralis is the larval stage of Taenia multiceps which involves particularly the central nervous system of humans and ungulates. A six-month-old Charollais lamb was presented with cortical blindness, dullness, convulsion, head deviation, reluctancy to move, drooling of saliva and ataxia. Haematological findings revealed an inflammatory process. CSF analysis showed leukocytosis associated with increased total protein. By CT imaging, nine cysts were detected in the cerebrum and one in the cerebellum. Hounsfield units were below 10 in all these regions. CT images perfectly revealed multiple Coenurus cysts in various parts of the brain, which was confirmed by necropsy. At necropsy, cysts of variable size were noted at different anatomical sites of the brain. In the cerebrum, atrophy, liquefactive necrosis and mild demyelination were presenty adjacent to the cystic structures. Perivascular and perineuronal oedema, neuronal degeneration, hyperaemia and thrombosis were also seen in the cerebrum. The meninges revealed oedema, thrombosis, and mononuclear meningitis. Based on authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Iran on Coenurus cysts in a lamb brain utilising CT scan
{"title":"Clinical, pathological, and CT scan findings of multiple Coenurus cerebralis cysts in a non-native lamb in Iran","authors":"N. Gholami, P. Dehghan Rahim Abadi, M. H. Naji Zadeh, D. Golchin, H. Ildar Abadi, H. Rasmi Atigh","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Coenurus cerebralis is the larval stage of Taenia multiceps which involves particularly the central nervous system of humans and ungulates. A six-month-old Charollais lamb was presented with cortical blindness, dullness, convulsion, head deviation, reluctancy to move, drooling of saliva and ataxia. Haematological findings revealed an inflammatory process. CSF analysis showed leukocytosis associated with increased total protein. By CT imaging, nine cysts were detected in the cerebrum and one in the cerebellum. Hounsfield units were below 10 in all these regions. CT images perfectly revealed multiple Coenurus cysts in various parts of the brain, which was confirmed by necropsy. At necropsy, cysts of variable size were noted at different anatomical sites of the brain. In the cerebrum, atrophy, liquefactive necrosis and mild demyelination were presenty adjacent to the cystic structures. Perivascular and perineuronal oedema, neuronal degeneration, hyperaemia and thrombosis were also seen in the cerebrum. The meninges revealed oedema, thrombosis, and mononuclear meningitis. Based on authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Iran on Coenurus cysts in a lamb brain utilising CT scan","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89445111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has a pivotal role in the health of birds as the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens. On the other hand, this part of immune system is important for successful development of vaccines. Due to scarcity of knowledge on GALT of turkey as a major industrial species, this study aimed to evaluate histological features of GALT in this species. A total of 40 clinically healthy BUT6 turkeys from both sexes at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months were included in the study. Samples were immediately removed after slaughter from different parts of the gut, including pharyngeal tonsil, cervical oesophagus, oesophageal tonsil, proventriculus, pyloric tonsil, ileum, Meckel’s diverticulum, caecal tonsil, the middle and apex of caecum, rectum, and cloaca. After fixation and routine procedures followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, samples were studied histologically under light microscope. In addition, photomicrographs were taken from sections and were analysed for histomorphometric parameters using Zeiss Axio vision rel.4.8 software. According to the results, in one-month-old turkeys, lymphatic tissues in pharyngeal tonsil, pyloric tonsil, proventriculus, caecal tonsil, middle, and apex of caecum, Meckel’s diverticulum, and cloaca were completely developed, while in some other parts such as the cervical oesophagus and the rectum lymphatic structures were absent. In the ileum, the Peyer’s patch was observed as an aggregated structure, although the diffuse lymphatic tissue has properly evolved. In two months old turkeys, the dense lymphatic tissue including primary and secondary lymphatic follicles, was present in cervical oesophagus, Peyer’s patch, rectum, and cloaca. Many histomorphometric parameters of lymphoid tissue also developed age-dependently. In four months old birds the dense lymphatic tissue was obvious in all examined specimens. Moreover, no signs of tissue atrophy were seen at the age of four months (prepuberty) in the GALT specimens. In conclusion, the GALT of turkeys was histologically quite similar to those of other birds and these structures showed an age-dependent development from 1 to 4 months of age.
{"title":"Age-dependent changes of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in one to four-month-old turkeys: A histological study","authors":"M. H. Eftekhari Talab, S. Hamedi, M. Paryani","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has a pivotal role in the health of birds as the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens. On the other hand, this part of immune system is important for successful development of vaccines. Due to scarcity of knowledge on GALT of turkey as a major industrial species, this study aimed to evaluate histological features of GALT in this species. A total of 40 clinically healthy BUT6 turkeys from both sexes at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months were included in the study. Samples were immediately removed after slaughter from different parts of the gut, including pharyngeal tonsil, cervical oesophagus, oesophageal tonsil, proventriculus, pyloric tonsil, ileum, Meckel’s diverticulum, caecal tonsil, the middle and apex of caecum, rectum, and cloaca. After fixation and routine procedures followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, samples were studied histologically under light microscope. In addition, photomicrographs were taken from sections and were analysed for histomorphometric parameters using Zeiss Axio vision rel.4.8 software. According to the results, in one-month-old turkeys, lymphatic tissues in pharyngeal tonsil, pyloric tonsil, proventriculus, caecal tonsil, middle, and apex of caecum, Meckel’s diverticulum, and cloaca were completely developed, while in some other parts such as the cervical oesophagus and the rectum lymphatic structures were absent. In the ileum, the Peyer’s patch was observed as an aggregated structure, although the diffuse lymphatic tissue has properly evolved. In two months old turkeys, the dense lymphatic tissue including primary and secondary lymphatic follicles, was present in cervical oesophagus, Peyer’s patch, rectum, and cloaca. Many histomorphometric parameters of lymphoid tissue also developed age-dependently. In four months old birds the dense lymphatic tissue was obvious in all examined specimens. Moreover, no signs of tissue atrophy were seen at the age of four months (prepuberty) in the GALT specimens. In conclusion, the GALT of turkeys was histologically quite similar to those of other birds and these structures showed an age-dependent development from 1 to 4 months of age.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81138051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine. The current review aims to summarise the available data about pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest and to indicate the basic strategies for refining dosage regimens in order to use this antibiotic reasonably. Additionally, the available data about population pharmacokinetics are reviewed as this approach exhibits a number of benefits in terms of determination of drug pharmacokinetics, prediction of drug disposition and interpretation of the variations in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Further research with animal species of veterinary interest and pathogens causing diseases in animals is needed to clarify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline.
{"title":"Doxycycline pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest – an overview","authors":"R. Mileva, A. Milanova","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2321","url":null,"abstract":"Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine. The current review aims to summarise the available data about pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest and to indicate the basic strategies for refining dosage regimens in order to use this antibiotic reasonably. Additionally, the available data about population pharmacokinetics are reviewed as this approach exhibits a number of benefits in terms of determination of drug pharmacokinetics, prediction of drug disposition and interpretation of the variations in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Further research with animal species of veterinary interest and pathogens causing diseases in animals is needed to clarify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90355224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pepovich, K. Hristov, B. Nikolov, K. Genova, E. Ivanova, T. Kundurzhiev, I. Tsachev, M. Ciccozzi, M. Baymakova
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. The purpose of the study was to present a serological report on App prevalence among pigs in industrial farms in Bulgaria. Seventy-two pigs from four industrial farms in four districts of Bulgaria – Eastern Bulgaria (Razgrad and Yambol districts) and Western Bulgaria (Lovech and Sofia districts) were included. Animals were divided in two age groups: weaners and fattening pigs. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, INgezim APP MIX, Eurofins Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain) for the detection of antibodies against App parasuis in porcine serum was used. Microtitrе plate was coated with App antigen of the serovars 1, 2, 9 and 11. Positive results for anti-App antibodies were detected in 32 (44.4%) of all 72 tested sera. The overall seropositivity in weaners and fattening pigs was 22.2% (8/36), and 66.7% (24/36), respectively. The highest App seropositivity in pigs was found in Eastern Bulgaria - 61.1% (22/36; P<0.001) in comparison to App seropositivity in Western Bulgaria – 27.8% (10/36; P=0.137). This study on anti-App prevalence among pigs in Bulgaria gives new insights on App epidemiology in our country.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs from Bulgaria","authors":"R. Pepovich, K. Hristov, B. Nikolov, K. Genova, E. Ivanova, T. Kundurzhiev, I. Tsachev, M. Ciccozzi, M. Baymakova","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. The purpose of the study was to present a serological report on App prevalence among pigs in industrial farms in Bulgaria. Seventy-two pigs from four industrial farms in four districts of Bulgaria – Eastern Bulgaria (Razgrad and Yambol districts) and Western Bulgaria (Lovech and Sofia districts) were included. Animals were divided in two age groups: weaners and fattening pigs. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, INgezim APP MIX, Eurofins Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain) for the detection of antibodies against App parasuis in porcine serum was used. Microtitrе plate was coated with App antigen of the serovars 1, 2, 9 and 11. Positive results for anti-App antibodies were detected in 32 (44.4%) of all 72 tested sera. The overall seropositivity in weaners and fattening pigs was 22.2% (8/36), and 66.7% (24/36), respectively. The highest App seropositivity in pigs was found in Eastern Bulgaria - 61.1% (22/36; P<0.001) in comparison to App seropositivity in Western Bulgaria – 27.8% (10/36; P=0.137). This study on anti-App prevalence among pigs in Bulgaria gives new insights on App epidemiology in our country.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82042102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the genotypes and zoonotic potentials of G. duodenalis isolates from different populations of domestic dogs in Japan, a total of 114 Giardia positive samples were examined using multilocus genotyping analysis at the 3 loci of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi). Although the dog-adapted assemblages C and D were dominant, the zoonotic assemblage A was also demonstrated at a percentage of 23.7% (27/114). The results suggest that canine G. duodenalis isolates in Japan have the potential for zoonotic transmission
{"title":"Multilocus genotyping analysis of 114 Giardia duodenalis isolates from different populations of domestic dogs in Japan","authors":"N. Itoh, Y. Iijima, S. Kameshima, Y. Kimura","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2399","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the genotypes and zoonotic potentials of G. duodenalis isolates from different populations of domestic dogs in Japan, a total of 114 Giardia positive samples were examined using multilocus genotyping analysis at the 3 loci of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi). Although the dog-adapted assemblages C and D were dominant, the zoonotic assemblage A was also demonstrated at a percentage of 23.7% (27/114). The results suggest that canine G. duodenalis isolates in Japan have the potential for zoonotic transmission","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73941000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A case of transverse patellar fracture in a cat with preserved patellar ligament integrity and no history of traumatic injury is described. The patient is presented with grade 3 weight-bearing lameness and pain after palpation. Osteosynthesis with two Kirschner wires and figure-of-eight wiring was performed. The postoperative period was without complications. Three months post surgery, radiography demonstrated relatively good bone bridging at the fracture site and a very good clinical result.
{"title":"A rare case of transverse patellar fracture in a cat","authors":"R. Garnoeva, R. Roydev","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0109","url":null,"abstract":"A case of transverse patellar fracture in a cat with preserved patellar ligament integrity and no history of traumatic injury is described. The patient is presented with grade 3 weight-bearing lameness and pain after palpation. Osteosynthesis with two Kirschner wires and figure-of-eight wiring was performed. The postoperative period was without complications. Three months post surgery, radiography demonstrated relatively good bone bridging at the fracture site and a very good clinical result.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"18 788 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88808261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to assess the race performance after injury of the palmar metacarpal tendon region in Thoroughbred and Arabian racehorses. A special scoring system was established to evaluate the performance of the horses for each race after the injury, objectively in this study. Thus, individual total race earnings, the rates of ranking among the top four in at least two and three races and the number of participated races after injury were also analysed. The performance scores after injury were found to be lower in tendinitis cases compared to peritendinitis cases (P=0.0004). It was found that the success rate was lower in cases with tendon lesions than in cases without lesions in terms of race performance after injury (P=0.006). Injuries causing tendon thickening and also tendon echogenicity alterations had negative effects on race performances after injury (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). Also individual total race earnings were lower in cases with tendon thickening compared to those without thickening (P=0.02). According to the results of this study, it is recommended to take prophylactic measures for tendinitis in cases with tendon thickening and echogenicity changes detected by ultrasound in the early stages of tendinitis to be able to display a good race performance after injury.
{"title":"Evaluation of race performance after tendon injuries in race horses with special respect to lesion related parameters","authors":"G. U. Caliskan, D. Seyrek-İntaş, N. Çelimli","doi":"10.15547/bjvm.2020-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0136","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the race performance after injury of the palmar metacarpal tendon region in Thoroughbred and Arabian racehorses. A special scoring system was established to evaluate the performance of the horses for each race after the injury, objectively in this study. Thus, individual total race earnings, the rates of ranking among the top four in at least two and three races and the number of participated races after injury were also analysed. The performance scores after injury were found to be lower in tendinitis cases compared to peritendinitis cases (P=0.0004). It was found that the success rate was lower in cases with tendon lesions than in cases without lesions in terms of race performance after injury (P=0.006). Injuries causing tendon thickening and also tendon echogenicity alterations had negative effects on race performances after injury (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). Also individual total race earnings were lower in cases with tendon thickening compared to those without thickening (P=0.02). According to the results of this study, it is recommended to take prophylactic measures for tendinitis in cases with tendon thickening and echogenicity changes detected by ultrasound in the early stages of tendinitis to be able to display a good race performance after injury.","PeriodicalId":9279,"journal":{"name":"BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87662746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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