Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.19080/arr.2018.04.555665
O. Brown
College students, often referred to as emerging adults, experience transitions in healthrelated behaviors as they adapt to life in college [1]. This transitional period is characterized by changes in dietary habits, stress and mealtime behaviors [2-5]. Additionally, emerging adults often lack resources and skills required for food preparation. These factors contribute to their increased risk for food insecurity [6,7]. Dietary habits that are consistent with the national dietary guidelines have been found to promote health, but college students do not meet these guidelines [8-10]. Studies have reported that college students have poor dietary habits and they do not meet their recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetable [9,11,12]. One study that examined the relationship between food insecurity and fruit and vegetable intake among college students found that food insecure students ate significantly lower daily servings of fruit and vegetable as compared to students with high food security controlling for confounding factors such as car access, race/ethnicity and gender [13]. College students also skip meals, consume high amounts of snacks and high calorie food items such as sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) [14,15]. Furthermore, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) data indicate that young adults age category in which most college students fall under, have the highest mean percentage of daily calories from SSB [16].
{"title":"The Feasibility of a Text-Delivered Intervention to Improve Dietary Habits, Stress Management Behaviors and Create Awareness of Food Assistance Resources Among College Students","authors":"O. Brown","doi":"10.19080/arr.2018.04.555665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2018.04.555665","url":null,"abstract":"College students, often referred to as emerging adults, experience transitions in healthrelated behaviors as they adapt to life in college [1]. This transitional period is characterized by changes in dietary habits, stress and mealtime behaviors [2-5]. Additionally, emerging adults often lack resources and skills required for food preparation. These factors contribute to their increased risk for food insecurity [6,7]. Dietary habits that are consistent with the national dietary guidelines have been found to promote health, but college students do not meet these guidelines [8-10]. Studies have reported that college students have poor dietary habits and they do not meet their recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetable [9,11,12]. One study that examined the relationship between food insecurity and fruit and vegetable intake among college students found that food insecure students ate significantly lower daily servings of fruit and vegetable as compared to students with high food security controlling for confounding factors such as car access, race/ethnicity and gender [13]. College students also skip meals, consume high amounts of snacks and high calorie food items such as sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) [14,15]. Furthermore, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) data indicate that young adults age category in which most college students fall under, have the highest mean percentage of daily calories from SSB [16].","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.19080/arr.2018.04.555661
Ş. Kırkan
In this study, 50 blood samples taken from urban and stray cats which were examined in a private veterinary clinic in İzmir province were investigated by PCR method. PCR studies revealed that Bartonella spp. was identified from a total of % 12 of the samples. PCR identification results were 8 % for B. hensela and 4 % for B. clarridgeiae for species-based distribution. In conclusion, Bartonella species which have zoonotic importance were detected. Especially, it is confirmed the necessity of the distribution of B. henselae which transmit to human from cat fleas and importance of preventive flea medication to pet owners for feedback.
{"title":"Investigation of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae Prevalance in Cats","authors":"Ş. Kırkan","doi":"10.19080/arr.2018.04.555661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2018.04.555661","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 50 blood samples taken from urban and stray cats which were examined in a private veterinary clinic in İzmir province were investigated by PCR method. PCR studies revealed that Bartonella spp. was identified from a total of % 12 of the samples. PCR identification results were 8 % for B. hensela and 4 % for B. clarridgeiae for species-based distribution. In conclusion, Bartonella species which have zoonotic importance were detected. Especially, it is confirmed the necessity of the distribution of B. henselae which transmit to human from cat fleas and importance of preventive flea medication to pet owners for feedback.","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555660
Carlos Galé Ansodi
In recent years, there has been an increased interest around the use of wearable microsensor technology in order to improve the knowledge about activities patterns such as accelerations, decelerations, jumps and changes of direction. This complex information is a result of accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes and is processed with an advanced algorithm to provide Inertial Movement Analysis (IMA). This technology may also calculate the magnitude and the direction of an agility action, classifying events within intensity and direction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the physical profile of elite young tennis players focusing in the “IMA” patterns. Twenty female young high-level tennis players took part in the study (14.3 age ± 0.8 years). All tennis players were tracked at least in two matches-play (n=62) on hard court. Twelve Portable GPS devices (Minimax X S4, Catapult Innovations) operating at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz were used to collect velocity data. The GPS unit contains a tri-axial piezoelectric linear accelerometer (Kionix: KXP94) sampling at a frequency of 100 Hz. The most common axis of movement was the vertical (V_axis:39.3 ±1.9%). On the other hand, lateral displacement were the most common movements of tennis players (right:6.4±1.2 effort· min 1; left:6.3±1. effort· min 1). Furthermore, low accelerations were the most common acceleration pattern in tennis (low accelerations: 7.4±2.3 effort·min-1), whereas, the high intensity accelerations (>1.0 m·s-2) were the less frequent (high accelerations: 5.1±1.6 effort·min-1). Therefore, further literature should focus on “IMA” patterns to improve tennis players’ performance. .
近年来，人们对可穿戴微传感器技术的使用越来越感兴趣，以提高对加速、减速、跳跃和方向改变等活动模式的了解。这些复杂的信息是加速度计、磁力计和陀螺仪的结果，并通过高级算法进行处理，以提供惯性运动分析（IMA）。这项技术还可以计算敏捷动作的幅度和方向，根据强度和方向对事件进行分类。因此，本研究的目的是描述以“IMA”模式为主的优秀年轻网球运动员的身体状况。20名年轻高水平女子网球运动员参加了这项研究（14.3岁±0.8岁）。所有网球运动员至少在硬地球场上进行了两场比赛（n=62）。12台便携式GPS设备（Minimax X S4，Catapult Innovations）以10Hz的采样频率运行，用于收集速度数据。GPS单元包含一个以100Hz频率采样的三轴压电线性加速度计（Kionix:KXP94）。最常见的运动轴是垂直（V_axis：39.3±1.9%）。另一方面，网球运动员最常见的动作是侧向位移（右：6.4±1.2用力·min1；左：6.3±1）。努力·分钟1）。此外，低加速度是网球运动中最常见的加速度模式（低加速度：7.4±2.3用力·min-1），而高强度加速度（>1.0 m·s-2）则不太常见（高加速度：5.1±1.6用力·min-2）。因此，进一步的文献应该关注“IMA”模式，以提高网球运动员的表现。
{"title":"\"A New Approach to Assess the Physical Demands of Young Tennis Players: Inertial Movement Analysis. Preliminary Data\"","authors":"Carlos Galé Ansodi","doi":"10.19080/arr.2019.05.555660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2019.05.555660","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increased interest around the use of wearable microsensor technology in order to improve the knowledge about activities patterns such as accelerations, decelerations, jumps and changes of direction. This complex information is a result of accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes and is processed with an advanced algorithm to provide Inertial Movement Analysis (IMA). This technology may also calculate the magnitude and the direction of an agility action, classifying events within intensity and direction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the physical profile of elite young tennis players focusing in the “IMA” patterns. Twenty female young high-level tennis players took part in the study (14.3 age ± 0.8 years). All tennis players were tracked at least in two matches-play (n=62) on hard court. Twelve Portable GPS devices (Minimax X S4, Catapult Innovations) operating at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz were used to collect velocity data. The GPS unit contains a tri-axial piezoelectric linear accelerometer (Kionix: KXP94) sampling at a frequency of 100 Hz. The most common axis of movement was the vertical (V_axis:39.3 ±1.9%). On the other hand, lateral displacement were the most common movements of tennis players (right:6.4±1.2 effort· min 1; left:6.3±1. effort· min 1). Furthermore, low accelerations were the most common acceleration pattern in tennis (low accelerations: 7.4±2.3 effort·min-1), whereas, the high intensity accelerations (>1.0 m·s-2) were the less frequent (high accelerations: 5.1±1.6 effort·min-1). Therefore, further literature should focus on “IMA” patterns to improve tennis players’ performance. .","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48546326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555657
Rajib Biswas
Intercropping has been found out to have enormous economic advantages for the farmer, although with some possible adjoining disadvantages attributable to competition and lack of adequate management. This study therefore analyzed and compared the technical efficiencies of sole maize and maize/melon intercrop farmers in Osun State with a view of determining the factors that influences it. Purposive sampling was used to select 47 respondents each for sole maize and maize/melon intercrop system. Stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate the technical efficiencies. The study revealed that the mean technical efficiency of maize/melon intercrop farmers was higher than that of the sole maize farmers. Costs of land, labor and implement were the factors affecting the sole maize farmers’ efficiency, while the maize/melon intercrop farmers’ efficiency was significantly determined by costs of land, labor and capital. No significant factor determines inefficiency for sole maize farmers. However, land security and extension visit were the major significant inefficiency factors found out to reduce the inefficiencies of maize/ melon intercrop farmers in the study area. It is recommended that famers in the study area should venture into the intercropping of maize and melon more than sole maize cropping; government should strengthen land security and give adequate motivation to extension agents to visit farmers more in order to increase their technical efficiencies.
{"title":"Technical Efficiency of Sole Maize and Maize/Melon Intercrop in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Rajib Biswas","doi":"10.19080/arr.2019.05.555657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2019.05.555657","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping has been found out to have enormous economic advantages for the farmer, although with some possible adjoining disadvantages attributable to competition and lack of adequate management. This study therefore analyzed and compared the technical efficiencies of sole maize and maize/melon intercrop farmers in Osun State with a view of determining the factors that influences it. Purposive sampling was used to select 47 respondents each for sole maize and maize/melon intercrop system. Stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate the technical efficiencies. The study revealed that the mean technical efficiency of maize/melon intercrop farmers was higher than that of the sole maize farmers. Costs of land, labor and implement were the factors affecting the sole maize farmers’ efficiency, while the maize/melon intercrop farmers’ efficiency was significantly determined by costs of land, labor and capital. No significant factor determines inefficiency for sole maize farmers. However, land security and extension visit were the major significant inefficiency factors found out to reduce the inefficiencies of maize/ melon intercrop farmers in the study area. It is recommended that famers in the study area should venture into the intercropping of maize and melon more than sole maize cropping; government should strengthen land security and give adequate motivation to extension agents to visit farmers more in order to increase their technical efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555658
R. Biswas
Surface plasmon resonance SPR basically refers to collective oscillation of conduction electrons. Having the intrinsic property of sensing the surface properties, SPR have already received tremendous attention in the field of biomedical, Nano sensors, photovoltaics etc. Scientific data have also revealed that it is also highly characterized by the structure, type and dimension of the host nanoparticles, which eventually can lead us to a systematic correlation between different physical attributes of the host nanoparticles and SPR. In this work, we try to make a simplistic approach of correlating size, shape of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) with their corresponding peak wavelength. It has also been attempted to bring the concentrations in the same frame. The computed results and the observed results are compared and matching up to a considerable extent has been shown in this work. It is envisioned that this small-scale correlation will help in giving a first insight towards characterization of Au and AgNPs just based only on SPR peak.
{"title":"Correlation of Surface Plasmon Resonance Wavelength (SPR) with Size and Concentration of Noble Metal Nanoparticles","authors":"R. Biswas","doi":"10.19080/arr.2019.05.555658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2019.05.555658","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance SPR basically refers to collective oscillation of conduction electrons. Having the intrinsic property of sensing the surface properties, SPR have already received tremendous attention in the field of biomedical, Nano sensors, photovoltaics etc. Scientific data have also revealed that it is also highly characterized by the structure, type and dimension of the host nanoparticles, which eventually can lead us to a systematic correlation between different physical attributes of the host nanoparticles and SPR. In this work, we try to make a simplistic approach of correlating size, shape of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) with their corresponding peak wavelength. It has also been attempted to bring the concentrations in the same frame. The computed results and the observed results are compared and matching up to a considerable extent has been shown in this work. It is envisioned that this small-scale correlation will help in giving a first insight towards characterization of Au and AgNPs just based only on SPR peak.","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555659
Krishna Kumar S
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a Sheep derived lethal viral disease mainly affecting Bovidae, cervids and other ruminant species. Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) are the two most widely prevalent causative organisms for tropical MCF. Wildebeest associated MCF (WA-MCF) in cattle is prevalent in African sub-continent. The OvHV-2 is prevalent in domestic sheep as a sub-clinical infection and causes sheep associated MCF (SA-MCF) in susceptible ruminants. In India, the detection of cases of SA-MCF in cattle and OvHV-2 infection in sheep during the last decade has established the presence of the virus in native sheep of the country. The present study documents the presence of bovine MCF in Cavery delta districts of Tamilnadu.
{"title":"Cohort Study of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Cavery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Krishna Kumar S","doi":"10.19080/arr.2019.05.555659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2019.05.555659","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a Sheep derived lethal viral disease mainly affecting Bovidae, cervids and other ruminant species. Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) are the two most widely prevalent causative organisms for tropical MCF. Wildebeest associated MCF (WA-MCF) in cattle is prevalent in African sub-continent. The OvHV-2 is prevalent in domestic sheep as a sub-clinical infection and causes sheep associated MCF (SA-MCF) in susceptible ruminants. In India, the detection of cases of SA-MCF in cattle and OvHV-2 infection in sheep during the last decade has established the presence of the virus in native sheep of the country. The present study documents the presence of bovine MCF in Cavery delta districts of Tamilnadu.","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555656
F. Zama
In the treatment of distributed parameters estimation, the usual choice is that of minimizing the error norm using the least squares distance. This paper considers the problem of estimating distributed parameters representing properties of material that change over the spatial domain. In this case the parameters are represented by non-smooth functions. Moreover, the data may be affected by noise containing outliers that cannot be easily removed. In all these cases a great improvement in the solution can be obtained by solving a minimization problem in the $p$ norm where 0 p < < ∞ . When the norm $p=2$ is used, then the regularized nonlinear least squares problem can be efficiently solved by the Iterative Gauss Newton (IRGN) method as reported in [1,2] and references therein. The case 1 p < < ∞ is efficiently treated by the Iterative Reweighted Algorithm IRLS proposed in [3] for linear problems. We propose here a direct extension of such algorithm to the solution of non linear problems where 0 p < < ∞ . The non linear least squares and possibly non convex problem is substituted by a sequence of weighted least squares approximations which efficiently solve the non linear identification problem. The algorithm, named NL-LM-IRLS, is presented as an extension of the IRLS applied to the non linear minimization problem. Some preliminary results on one dimension identification problems are reported confirming the validity of this approach. In section 2 we explain the details of the iterative method and report the numerical experiments in section 3. ( ) ( ) 0 0 r F q y = − for k=0 , 1 , ..... r0 = F(q(0)) y for k = 0, 2,... D(k) = diag(|rk| + 100) qk+1 = argmin ||D(k)(F(q) y)||2 r(k+1) = F(q(k+1)) y
在处理分布参数估计时，通常的选择是使用最小二乘距离最小化误差范数。本文考虑了表示材料在空间域上变化的特性的分布参数的估计问题。在这种情况下，参数由非光滑函数表示。此外，数据可能受到包含无法轻易去除的异常值的噪声的影响。在所有这些情况下，通过求解$p$范数中的最小化问题（其中0p<<∞），可以获得解的极大改进。当使用范数$p=2$时，正则化非线性最小二乘问题可以通过[1，2]中报道的迭代高斯-牛顿（IRGN）方法和其中的参考文献有效地求解。[3]中提出的迭代加权算法IRLS有效地处理了线性问题的情况1p<<∞。我们在这里提出了这样的算法的一个直接扩展到非线性问题的解，其中0p<<∞。用一系列加权最小二乘近似代替非线性最小二乘和可能的非凸问题，有效地解决了非线性辨识问题。该算法名为NL-LM-IRLS，是应用于非线性最小化问题的IRLS的扩展。一些关于一维识别问题的初步结果证实了该方法的有效性。在第2节中，我们解释了迭代方法的细节，并在第3节中报告了数值实验。（）（）0 0 r F q y=−对于k=0，1。。。。。对于k=0，2，…，r0=F（q（0））y，。。。D（k）=diag（|rk|+100）qk+1=argmin||D（k
{"title":"Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares Algorithm for Nonlinear Distributed Parameter Estimation","authors":"F. Zama","doi":"10.19080/arr.2019.05.555656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2019.05.555656","url":null,"abstract":"In the treatment of distributed parameters estimation, the usual choice is that of minimizing the error norm using the least squares distance. This paper considers the problem of estimating distributed parameters representing properties of material that change over the spatial domain. In this case the parameters are represented by non-smooth functions. Moreover, the data may be affected by noise containing outliers that cannot be easily removed. In all these cases a great improvement in the solution can be obtained by solving a minimization problem in the $p$ norm where 0 p < < ∞ . When the norm $p=2$ is used, then the regularized nonlinear least squares problem can be efficiently solved by the Iterative Gauss Newton (IRGN) method as reported in [1,2] and references therein. The case 1 p < < ∞ is efficiently treated by the Iterative Reweighted Algorithm IRLS proposed in [3] for linear problems. We propose here a direct extension of such algorithm to the solution of non linear problems where 0 p < < ∞ . The non linear least squares and possibly non convex problem is substituted by a sequence of weighted least squares approximations which efficiently solve the non linear identification problem. The algorithm, named NL-LM-IRLS, is presented as an extension of the IRLS applied to the non linear minimization problem. Some preliminary results on one dimension identification problems are reported confirming the validity of this approach. In section 2 we explain the details of the iterative method and report the numerical experiments in section 3. ( ) ( ) 0 0 r F q y = − for k=0 , 1 , ..... r0 = F(q(0)) y for k = 0, 2,... D(k) = diag(|rk| + 100) qk+1 = argmin ||D(k)(F(q) y)||2 r(k+1) = F(q(k+1)) y","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41331993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.19080/arr.2018.04.555655
D. Peres
Introduction: The tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spatial analysis, based on Morbidity and Mortality date, Contributes to the knowledge of socio-environmental risks and the identification of the most vulnerable areas. Purpose: Identify the spatial distribution tuberculosis and VERIFY Conglomerates of the existence of tuberculosis and tuberculosis/HIV coinfection cases. Methods: Ecological study with spatial analysis of tuberculosis cases. The population was composed by tuberculosis cases in Patients older than 15 years, between the years of 2005 and 2014, that lived in Ceará. The data collection was made in the SINAN and in the Mortality Information System (SIM), being informed the diagnoses and deaths Caused by tuberculosis between 2005 and 2014. Results and Discussions: The spatial analysis Showed the concentration of Municipalities with high risk for tuberculosis in the Health Regions of Sobral, Fortaleza, Caucaia, Maracanaú, Cascavel and Itapipoca. In the spatial autocorrelation two clusters of high risk for tuberculosis Were identified. The concentration of municipalities with high risks for tuberculosis/HIV coinfection are described in the Macro regions of Health and Sobral Fortress, and in the municipalities of Tauá acid, and Orós Jaguaribe, the spatial correlation two clusters identified in the mentioned macro regions. Conclusion: This study priorities defined geographic areas for the control of tuberculosis mortality and morbidity and Showed That the geographic information system technology can be used by health managers in the planning and monitoring program actions of tuberculosis.
{"title":"Spatial Patterns of Co-Infection and Tuberculosis/HIV in Ceara, Brazil","authors":"D. Peres","doi":"10.19080/arr.2018.04.555655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/arr.2018.04.555655","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spatial analysis, based on Morbidity and Mortality date, Contributes to the knowledge of socio-environmental risks and the identification of the most vulnerable areas. Purpose: Identify the spatial distribution tuberculosis and VERIFY Conglomerates of the existence of tuberculosis and tuberculosis/HIV coinfection cases. Methods: Ecological study with spatial analysis of tuberculosis cases. The population was composed by tuberculosis cases in Patients older than 15 years, between the years of 2005 and 2014, that lived in Ceará. The data collection was made in the SINAN and in the Mortality Information System (SIM), being informed the diagnoses and deaths Caused by tuberculosis between 2005 and 2014. Results and Discussions: The spatial analysis Showed the concentration of Municipalities with high risk for tuberculosis in the Health Regions of Sobral, Fortaleza, Caucaia, Maracanaú, Cascavel and Itapipoca. In the spatial autocorrelation two clusters of high risk for tuberculosis Were identified. The concentration of municipalities with high risks for tuberculosis/HIV coinfection are described in the Macro regions of Health and Sobral Fortress, and in the municipalities of Tauá acid, and Orós Jaguaribe, the spatial correlation two clusters identified in the mentioned macro regions. Conclusion: This study priorities defined geographic areas for the control of tuberculosis mortality and morbidity and Showed That the geographic information system technology can be used by health managers in the planning and monitoring program actions of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":93074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of reviews and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.19080/arr.2019.05.555653
Weicheng Cui
Where did we come from? Where should we go after dying? Who am I? When did the universe begin? How big is it? Will it end? Does the universe operate according to some laws or randomly? These and many other similar questions have been explored since very ancient times by many people including scientists, philosophers, religionists, and many theories have been proposed [1-3]. Today, the consensus among scientists, astronomers and cosmologists is the Big Bang Theory also known as the Big-Bang Cosmological Model (BBCM) [3,4]. The basics of the Big Bang theory are simple. In short, the Big Bang hypothesis states that all the current and past matter in the Universe came into existence at the same time, roughly 15 billion years ago. At this time, all matter was compacted into a very small ball with infinite density and intense heat called a Singularity. Suddenly, the Singularity began expanding, and the universe as we know it began [4]. This model has been confronted to a variety of observations that allow one to reconstruct its expansion history, its thermal history and the structuration of matter. Hence, what we refer to as the BBCM today is radically different from what one may have had in mind a century ago. Even the latest version of BBCM still suffers a lot of challenges [5]. Many paradoxes are related to the use of this model [6]. Burago pointed out that at least two obvious questions exist in the Big-Bang model [7]. The first question remained as to how the matter and energy were in this superdense elementary particle? It is considered incorrect to ask, what was around this particle before the explosion and whether the universe does expand? Because space and time in the universe also arose as a result of the Big Bang. It is assumed that protons, neutrons, positrons, electrons and other longlived elementary particles formed 15 billion years ago and have reached our days unchanged. The second question arose from the insolvency of ideas about the explosion of a kind of “cosmic egg”, which was the explosion of the largest nuclear bomb. This point of view boils down to the assertion that “space” exploded, and not a material object. At the same time, the authors of this idea do not bother explaining what they think is a “space” and what can explode in an empty space? Therefore, many people are still working on the improvement of the Big-Bang model or the construction of other totally new cosmological models [3].
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Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.19080/ARR.2019.05.555651
R. K. Osboo
A review of reports on mycotoxins demonstrates that aflatoxins, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol are the most important while zearalenone and ochratoxin also were found frequently in Iran. Natural mycotoxin contaminations of the most important plant grains and commodities have been reported during the recent decade. In 2013 more than 90% of wheat samples collected at harvest time in Ardabil province was contaminated to deoxynivalenol, with the average amount of 1.7μgg -1 . Wheat, barley, maize, and rice were tested for zearalenone contamination but generally, contaminations were below than 200μgkg -1 . Fumonisin contamination was reported in many research and maize is one of the most contaminated cereals to fumonisin, in some maize samples 10μgg -1 of this carcinogenic compound was detected. Aflatoxins, the most thoroughly studied and the best understood of mycotoxins have occurred in foodstuffs commonly all over the world. Tree nuts, particularly pistachio nuts, are highly susceptible to contamination by aflatoxins, 32% of the 122 isolates of A. flavus isolates from pistachios, produce more than 2μgkg -1 aflatoxins, also aflatoxin contamination also was detected in fig, almond, and hazelnut. Cereals could also be contaminated to aflatoxins and sometimes 100% of samples were contaminated to aflatoxins. AFB1 was detected in 43.6% of maize samples, in which only 22.5% were contaminated to higher than MRL level. Barley, grape, raisin, and coffee are the major commodity that could contaminate to ochratoxin A; heavy contamination of raisin was reported in damaged raisin sample in Iran. There are a few works on herbal medicine contamination to mycotoxin and natural occurrence of AFs in herbal medicines was less than tolerance level. Contaminations of the most important mycotoxins in food have been reviewed in this article.
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