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İletişimsel Eylem Kuramı: Yaşam Dünyası - Sistem Kaynaşması mı Ayrışması mı?
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.7596/jssh.31122021.001
Ahmet Küçük, Osman Özkul
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF ONLINE EDUCATION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE BANADIR REGION 在线教育对巴纳迪尔地区大学生学业成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i2.550
Abubakar Hassan Mohamed
This study was intended to investigate the impact of online education on academic performance among university students in Mogadishu Somalia. This study conducted a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach to accomplish research objectives. The study conducted primary data and used a questionnaire as a method of collection. The target population of this study is based on the students among universities in Banadir region. Students with a sample size of 130 respondents. The data was taken from respondents through a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and excel 2010. The specific objectives for the study were to determine the effect of the e-learning system on academic performance, to investigate the effect of class atten dance on academic performance, and satisfaction students' online system on academic performance. Research of this study recommended that the organizations that provide internet service make it easier for the student to access cheap internet and high -speed internet.
本研究旨在探讨网路教育对索马利亚摩加迪沙大学生学业表现的影响。本研究采用描述性研究设计,以定量方法完成研究目标。本研究收集了原始数据,并采用问卷调查的方式进行收集。本研究的目标人群以巴纳迪尔地区高校学生为研究对象。学生,样本量为130人。通过问卷调查的方式获取调查对象的数据,数据分析采用SPSS version 20和excel 2010。研究的具体目标是确定电子学习系统对学习成绩的影响,调查课堂出勤对学习成绩的影响,以及学生对在线学习系统的满意度对学习成绩的影响。本研究的研究建议,提供互联网服务的组织,使学生更容易获得廉价的互联网和高速互联网。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Cotton Production in the Textile Supply Chain and the Study of the Amount of Pollution Production: A System Dynamic Study 棉花生产在纺织供应链中的作用及污染产生量的研究:一个系统动态研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.20448/801.61.14.26
Zahra Faezi, A. Alikhademi
Textile industry uses massive amounts of cotton annually and as the population of the world grows, the more people need textile, and the more cotton needs to be harvested. This study was an attempt to examine the impact of cotton production of the textile supply chain on people and the ecosystem. The data has been gathered from FAO, WHO, and other valid databases. Thirty participants were also asked to answer a questionnaire, who were proficient farmers acquainted with cotton cultivation. The questions were analyzed by System Dynamics (SD) Model to explore water, air and soil pollution, mortality and poisoning of humans and animals, and the use of pesticides. The findings of this study revealed that cotton production not only does have significant but also increasing repercussions for the environment and humans. These effects are especially worrying when 40% of this cotton is used in the enormous and ever-increasing textile industry, hence, in the end, suggestions have made on cutting down on them.
纺织业每年使用大量棉花,随着世界人口的增长,需要纺织的人就越多,需要收获的棉花也就越多。本研究试图检验纺织供应链中棉花生产对人类和生态系统的影响。数据来自粮农组织、世界卫生组织和其他有效数据库。30名参与者还被要求回答一份问卷,他们都是熟悉棉花种植的熟练农民。通过系统动力学(SD)模型对这些问题进行分析,以探讨水、空气和土壤污染、人类和动物的死亡率和中毒以及杀虫剂的使用。这项研究的结果表明,棉花生产不仅对环境和人类产生了重大影响,而且影响越来越大。当这些棉花的40%用于庞大且不断增长的纺织业时,这些影响尤其令人担忧,因此,最终有人建议减少这些影响。
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引用次数: 0
Job Stress and Teachers’ Coping Strategies in Nigerian Schools 尼日利亚学校的工作压力与教师应对策略
Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.20448/801.61.1.13
S. '. Subair, A. Oluwaseun, M. Aliyu
Stress is a natural part of everyday living thus, individuals experience varying levels of stress within and outside the work place but when in excess, stress results in loss of productivity. This study therefore examined whether Nigerian teachers experience stress on their job, assessed the extent to which stress affects their productivity and examined their coping strategies. These were with a view to providing information on level of job stress among Nigerian teachers, issues associated with it and the need to minimize job stress among teachers. The study adopted descriptive survey research method. The population for the study was 6,982 while 270 teachers purposively selected constituted the sample frame. A self-designed instrument: Job Stress and Teachers’ Coping Strategies Questionnaire (JSCS-Q) was used for data collection with percentage to answer the research questions. The results showed that having to teach very large classes (92.2%), marking and recording for all the students in such classes (88.1%) constituted stress for teachers. Others include; gross inadequate instructional materials (93.3%), poor conditions of service (87.5%), heavy workload (83.7%), students’ indiscipline and people’s attitude towards teachers (80.4%). Consequently, all of these caused Nigerian teachers’ productivity to be affected to a very large extent. Also, Nigerian teachers had to cope by chatting with colleagues (82.6%), physical exercising (78.9%), relaxation and behavioural modifications (72.2%) and (71.1%) respectively. This study concluded that teaching job has stress and teachers devise coping strategies themselves.
压力是日常生活的自然组成部分,因此,个人在工作场所内外都会经历不同程度的压力,但当压力过大时,会导致生产力下降。因此,这项研究考察了尼日利亚教师是否在工作中遇到压力,评估了压力对他们生产力的影响程度,并考察了他们的应对策略。这些是为了提供有关尼日利亚教师工作压力水平、相关问题以及尽量减少教师工作压力的必要性的信息。本研究采用描述性调查研究方法。这项研究的人群为6982人,而有意选择的270名教师构成了样本框架。采用自行设计的《工作压力与教师应对策略问卷》(JSCS-Q)对研究问题进行百分比数据收集。结果显示,必须教授非常大的班级(92.2%),对这些班级的所有学生(88.1%)进行评分和录音对教师来说是一种压力。其他包括:;教学材料严重不足(93.3%)、服务条件差(87.5%)、工作量大(83.7%)、学生不守纪律和人们对教师的态度(80.4%)。因此,所有这些都在很大程度上影响了尼日利亚教师的生产力。此外,尼日利亚教师必须通过与同事聊天(82.6%)、体育锻炼(78.9%)、放松和行为改变(72.2%)和(71.1%)来应对。本研究的结论是,教学工作有压力,教师自己制定应对策略。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF HAND EMBROIDERY IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION: A CASE STUDY OF GADAP TOWN, KARACHI 手工刺绣在扶贫中的作用:以卡拉奇加达普镇为例
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.434
Siraj Bashir Rind, Kinza Farooq, Shakir Adam
This research topic is very important and shows the social causes of poverty alleviation. Poverty is today’s biggest problem in Pakistan. This research made an effort to find out and to discuss the related elements of poverty. The Researcher proposed to study problems and prospects of hand embroidery in the cottage industries, Cottage industry sector plays a dominant role in the economic development of countries. In developing countries cottage industries are especially important in the context of employment opportunities, equitable distribution of national income, balanced regional growth, and development of different areas. A sample of 70 home-based workers selected from convenience sampling in Gadap Town, Karachi. After assembling data, we found that the government is providing the required level of support to hand embroidery, Respondents cannot perform household chores along with their work and create differences in the domestic economic conditions.
这一研究课题非常重要,它揭示了扶贫的社会成因。贫困是巴基斯坦目前最大的问题。这项研究努力找出和讨论与贫穷有关的因素。研究者提出研究手工刺绣在家庭手工业中存在的问题和前景,家庭手工业部门在各国经济发展中占有主导地位。在发展中国家,家庭手工业在就业机会、公平分配国民收入、平衡的区域增长和不同地区的发展方面尤其重要。从卡拉奇加达普镇的方便抽样中选出70名在家工作的工人。通过对数据的整理,我们发现政府对手绣的扶持力度不够,被调查者不能在工作的同时做家务,造成了国内经济状况的差异。
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引用次数: 0
THE PERCEIVED LEVELS OF INTOLERANCE FOR PRESS CRITICISM IN PAKISTANI SOCIETY 巴基斯坦社会对新闻批评的不容忍程度
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.383
Fazli Hussain, Noreem Aleem, Samreen Faisal
This study examines the existence, intensity and impacts of intolerance for Press criticism in Pakistani society. It’s generally believed that intolerance for Press criticism leads to professional and psychological complexes for the Press to play its role as a voice for unvoiced and to hold those in power accountable because the Press’s role as the Watchdog compulsively needs high capacities of tolerance in the society to understand the realities and habituate rationalism. As working journalists have to face the direct reaction from masses regarding Press criticism so this paper explores journalist’s perceptions about the presence of intolerance in the societal frame of Pakistan regarding Press’s criticism using survey technique under Likert Scale.  The study also incorporates the impacts of intolerance on professionalism in media that induce threats to journalists and compel them to exercise self-censorship which ultimately results in content biases, depriving the citizens of fundamental right of expression. The conclusion provides guidelines for policy making on the subject of Press freedom and social coherence. Also, this study enhances understandings regarding the social sphere of the country and gauges the level of intolerance for media discourses.
本研究检视巴基斯坦社会对新闻批评不容忍的存在、程度及影响。人们普遍认为,对新闻批评的不宽容导致了新闻作为无声者的声音和对当权者的问责的专业和心理情结,因为新闻作为看门狗的角色强制需要社会的高容忍能力来理解现实和习惯理性主义。由于记者必须面对大众对媒体批评的直接反应,因此本文采用李克特量表的调查技术,探讨记者对巴基斯坦社会框架中存在的不容忍现象的看法。该研究还纳入了不容忍对媒体专业精神的影响,这种影响导致对记者的威胁,迫使他们进行自我审查,最终导致内容偏见,剥夺了公民的基本表达权利。该结论为新闻自由和社会协调这一主题的政策制定提供了指导方针。此外,这项研究增进了对该国社会领域的理解,并衡量了对媒体言论的不容忍程度。
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引用次数: 0
WOMEN IN PAKISTAN- SOCIAL MOBILITY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND EMPOWERMENT 巴基斯坦妇女——社会流动、人类发展和赋权
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.426
Sidra Ahmed, Samreen Bari, R. Jabeen
The word Development is devious and captivating, however, the development path is perplexed. In most cases, the governments try to attain economic, military, technological, and infrastructural development, whereas, the power centers evade investing and working on issues of Human Development. The governments of countries like Pakistan strive to shuffle the attentiveness of the world by spending a huge amount on building the roads, on bridges, and transportation and in maximization of arms and ammunition. Human development in Pakistan has always been neglected due to various reasons. A huge population of almost a 22million having as low as 154th (out of 189 countries) position in the human development index. The patriarchal system has created the social and cultural environment that is supporting persistence male domination, remains the major obstacle in the intellectual, social, and economic growth of women. This paper addresses the conceptual and methodological aspects of human development and women’s empowerment in Pakistan, it explains the challenges and trends concerning women’s empowerment throughout Pakistan’s history, specifically in key areas such as individual, education, and health, economic and political participation, and especially Women’s limited and controlled mobility.
“发展”这个词是曲折而迷人的,但发展的道路是困惑的。在大多数情况下,政府试图实现经济、军事、技术和基础设施的发展,而权力中心却逃避在人类发展问题上的投资和工作。像巴基斯坦这样的国家的政府通过在道路、桥梁、交通和最大限度地增加武器和弹药上花费大量资金,努力转移世界的注意力。由于种种原因,巴基斯坦的人类发展一直被忽视。一个拥有近2200万人口的庞大国家,在人类发展指数排名中仅排在第154位(在189个国家中)。父权制度创造了支持男性持续统治的社会和文化环境,仍然是女性智力、社会和经济发展的主要障碍。本文论述了巴基斯坦人类发展和妇女赋权的概念和方法方面,解释了巴基斯坦历史上妇女赋权方面的挑战和趋势,特别是在个人、教育和卫生、经济和政治参与等关键领域,特别是妇女有限和受控制的流动性。
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引用次数: 0
STABLE BUSINESS POLICIES HELP IN ACHIEVING THE BUSINESS TARGETS: AN INVESTIGATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS BUSINESS IN DISTRICT CENTRAL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN 稳定的商业政策有助于实现商业目标:对巴基斯坦卡拉奇中央区小学商业的调查
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.484
Muhammad Shahid Siddique, Mariya Baig, Amar Haque
Expedition of the growth of a country’s economy in the wake of entrepreneurial activity is significant. As skills are utilized and knowledge is applied, the entrepreneurs establish new businesses, and the enhancement of the latter is brought about through their sagacious decision-making and ingenuity. At one end, where entrepreneurial activities have been a boon to the societal progress; they have sped up development of economies worldwide. This can be attributed to a gamut of factors, which include, societies’ expansion on the grounds of industrialization and urbanization; nurture of a culture of more information and awareness; formal training of the entrepreneurs; and, relaxed legal procedures. This study lays down emphasis on how upholding stable business policies can positively impact an entrepreneurial venture. Employing a well-developed and verified scale, data collection from 230 respondents was done on a convenience basis. The respondents chosen for this survey among whom the distribution of questionnaires was conducted were all situated in various localities of the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan; and descriptive statistics were applied on the variables pertinent for this study such as the establishment of stable business policies, continuation of the existing business policies, and achievement of the business targets based on the stable policies. It is intended that this research article shall serve to augment the scholarly literature that already exists on the subject matter that pinpoints the significance of the stable and continuous policies for an entrepreneurial business involved in the primary schooling businesses across the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan. This research paper addresses the need of having stable business policies for Pakistani entrepreneurs, and envisions itself to be one of the blueprints that can be considered by the relevant regulatory bodies while they make informed decisions. A well sketched out itinerary of initiatives could then be composed, which can assist in the meeting of the targets of entrepreneurial ventures, and eventually help in eradicating poverty from Pakistan.
考察一个国家在创业活动之后的经济增长是非常重要的。企业家在运用技能和知识的过程中创立了新的企业,通过他们的明智决策和聪明才智,提高了企业的实力。一方面,创业活动促进了社会进步;它们加快了世界经济的发展。这可以归因于一系列因素,其中包括:社会在工业化和城市化基础上的扩张;培育更多信息和意识的文化;对企业家进行正规培训;放宽法律程序。本研究强调维持稳定的商业政策如何对创业产生积极影响。采用完善和经过验证的量表,在方便的基础上收集了230名受访者的数据。本次调查选择的调查对象分布在巴基斯坦卡拉奇中部地区的各个地方,并向他们分发了调查问卷;并对与本研究相关的变量,如稳定的业务政策的制定、现有业务政策的延续、在稳定的业务政策基础上实现业务目标等进行了描述性统计。这篇研究文章旨在补充已经存在的关于该主题的学术文献,这些文献指出了稳定和持续的政策对涉及巴基斯坦卡拉奇中部地区小学教育业务的创业企业的重要性。本研究报告阐述了为巴基斯坦企业家制定稳定的商业政策的必要性,并设想自己成为相关监管机构在做出明智决策时可以考虑的蓝图之一。然后就可以拟定一份很好的倡议日程,这将有助于实现企业企业的目标,并最终有助于在巴基斯坦消灭贫穷。
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引用次数: 0
DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH EMIGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF KARACHI (An Overview of emigration from 2010 to 2016) 青年移民的决定因素:以卡拉奇为例(2010 - 2016年移民概况)
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.494
Ammad Zafar
In the last six years, more than 3.7 million people have migrated from Pakistan to seek employment, mostly in the Middle East. Approximately, 1 million people migrated from Pakistan in 2015 in contrast to 0.75 million in 2014, an increase of about 20.84%. People from all the cities of Pakistan are migrating, especially from Karachi, which is the seventh most populous city of the world and largest in Pakistan. More than 30% of Karachi’s population is youth (ages 15 –29) with 54.9% male and 45.1% female. This study finds that 48.7% of the youth in Karachi want to leave Pakistan for various reasons, including unemployment, insecurity, economic problems, lack of social support, lack of career opportunities. This high rate of outward migration from Pakistan is creating brain drain conditions, especially in the health and education sectors, where there is a shortage of skilled workforce. This paper explores and analyzes factors that are contributing to youth emigration from Pakistan’s largest city, Karachi.
在过去的六年里,有370多万人从巴基斯坦移民到中东寻找工作。2015年约有100万人从巴基斯坦移民,而2014年为75万人,增幅约为20.84%。巴基斯坦所有城市的人都在迁移,尤其是来自卡拉奇的人,卡拉奇是世界上第七大人口城市,也是巴基斯坦最大的城市。超过30%的卡拉奇人口是年轻人(15 -29岁),其中54.9%是男性,45.1%是女性。这项研究发现,卡拉奇有48.7%的年轻人出于各种原因想要离开巴基斯坦,包括失业、不安全、经济问题、缺乏社会支持、缺乏职业机会。从巴基斯坦向外移徙的高比率造成了人才外流的条件,特别是在缺乏熟练劳动力的卫生和教育部门。本文探讨和分析了导致巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇青年移民的因素。
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引用次数: 0
STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE AND ACADEMIC STRESS: A STUDY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN 学生表现与学业压力:巴基斯坦高等教育机构研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.46568/jssh.v60i1.483
F. Akhter, Sobia Iqbal
Based on empirical evidence and recent literature review, Stress has become an integral part of students’ academic life due to the various internal and external expectations placed upon their shoulders. It is therefore, becomes imperative to understand the sources and impact of academic stress in order to derive adequate and efficient intervention strategies. The five dimensions of sources such as Anxiety/stress, Student’s Academic stress, Financial Constraints, Cultural dynamics, Students Performance were analyzed. This research finding is based on the responses obtained from 215 undergraduate students enrolled at a higher learning institution in Pakistan. This paper investigated the stressors, symptoms and effects that are likely to be experienced by undergraduate students in higher Studies. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires that were randomly floated on social media during the time of COVID-19. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS.
根据经验证据和最近的文献综述,压力已经成为学生学术生活中不可或缺的一部分,因为他们肩负着各种内部和外部的期望。因此,必须了解学业压力的来源和影响,以便制定适当和有效的干预策略。分析了焦虑/压力、学生学业压力、经济约束、文化动力和学生成绩五个维度的来源。这一研究发现是基于对巴基斯坦一所高等院校的215名本科生的调查。本研究调查了大学生在高等教育中可能经历的压力源、症状和影响。这些数据是通过自我填写的问卷收集的,这些问卷是在新冠肺炎期间随机在社交媒体上发布的。所得数据采用SPSS进行分析。
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引用次数: 2
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American journal of social sciences and humanities
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