Pub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2019-12-19DOI: 10.20448/801.51.104.115
Shaun Bhatia, Nicole Olczyk, Leonard A Jason, Jose Alegre, Judith Fuentes-Llanos, Jesus Castro-Marrero
Cross-national comparative studies are useful for describing the unique characteristics of complex illnesses, and can reveal culture-specific traits of disease frequency/severity and healthcare. Though myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are debilitating conditions found all over the world, few studies have examined their characteristics across different countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of functional impairment and symptomatology in patients with ME and CFS at tertiary referral hospitals in the US and Spain. Four hundred twenty potentially eligible participants (N = 235 from the US and N = 185 from Spain) who met the 1994 Fukuda et al. definition for CFS were enrolled. Both samples completed the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) as a proxy for impairment, and the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) for patient symptomatology. ANCOVA and, where appropriate, MANCOVA tests were used to compare the SF-36 and DSQ items for illness characteristics between the samples. The patients from Spain demonstrated significantly worse functioning than those from the US in the SF-36 domains of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health functioning, role emotional, and mental health functioning. The Spanish sample also was also more symptomatic across all the DSQ-items, most significantly in the pain and neuroendocrine domains. These findings may be due to differences between the US and Spain regarding disability policy, perception of ME and CFS, and access to specialist care.
{"title":"A Cross-National Comparison of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome at Tertiary Care Settings from the US and Spain.","authors":"Shaun Bhatia, Nicole Olczyk, Leonard A Jason, Jose Alegre, Judith Fuentes-Llanos, Jesus Castro-Marrero","doi":"10.20448/801.51.104.115","DOIUrl":"10.20448/801.51.104.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-national comparative studies are useful for describing the unique characteristics of complex illnesses, and can reveal culture-specific traits of disease frequency/severity and healthcare. Though myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are debilitating conditions found all over the world, few studies have examined their characteristics across different countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of functional impairment and symptomatology in patients with ME and CFS at tertiary referral hospitals in the US and Spain. Four hundred twenty potentially eligible participants (N = 235 from the US and N = 185 from Spain) who met the 1994 Fukuda et al. definition for CFS were enrolled. Both samples completed the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) as a proxy for impairment, and the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) for patient symptomatology. ANCOVA and, where appropriate, MANCOVA tests were used to compare the SF-36 and DSQ items for illness characteristics between the samples. The patients from Spain demonstrated significantly worse functioning than those from the US in the SF-36 domains of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health functioning, role emotional, and mental health functioning. The Spanish sample also was also more symptomatic across all the DSQ-items, most significantly in the pain and neuroendocrine domains. These findings may be due to differences between the US and Spain regarding disability policy, perception of ME and CFS, and access to specialist care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"5 1","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38999840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
South Asian English fiction, in recent decades, has significantly manifested its deepest concern for history and its relevance in the contemporary global scenario. The last couple of years have noticed the publication of many English novels by Indian and Pakistani authors that in fact belong to the very genre of postmodern historiographic metafiction. In fact, postmodern fiction writers usually deviate from the traditional representation of past events. The current study examines the way history writing is reconfigured in the selected postmodern novel. In these novels, the writers retell the traditional history through innovative narrative techniques and multiplicity of the views that de-centralize the conventional history. The present research attempts to explore Amitav Gosh’s The Glass Palace and Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows as historiographic metafiction, that is a sub-genre of postmodern fiction. The study focuses on the selected texts to explore how these novels transform the traditional history through the incorporation of magic realism, intertextuality and self-reflexivity. This research is qualitative and descriptive, while the textual analysis has been used as a research method. The theoretical concept of Linda Hutcheon is incorporated in this current study that ends with findings and recommendations for future research.
{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF HISTORY IN THE GLASS PALACE AND BURNT SHADOWS: A POSTMODERNIST ANALYSIS","authors":"A. Ashraf, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"South Asian English fiction, in recent decades, has significantly manifested its deepest concern for history and its relevance in the contemporary global scenario. The last couple of years have noticed the publication of many English novels by Indian and Pakistani authors that in fact belong to the very genre of postmodern historiographic metafiction. In fact, postmodern fiction writers usually deviate from the traditional representation of past events. The current study examines the way history writing is reconfigured in the selected postmodern novel. In these novels, the writers retell the traditional history through innovative narrative techniques and multiplicity of the views that de-centralize the conventional history. The present research attempts to explore Amitav Gosh’s The Glass Palace and Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows as historiographic metafiction, that is a sub-genre of postmodern fiction. The study focuses on the selected texts to explore how these novels transform the traditional history through the incorporation of magic realism, intertextuality and self-reflexivity. This research is qualitative and descriptive, while the textual analysis has been used as a research method. The theoretical concept of Linda Hutcheon is incorporated in this current study that ends with findings and recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90281173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan’s women educational attainment has been the lowest in the entire South Asia; with women and girls continuing to suffer discrimination in the field of education. This study is designed to examine the linkage between gender disparity in education and Pakistan economic success, using annual secondary data to date range 1980 to 2019. Also the study checked the variables integration order by using Dickey-Fuller and Philip-Peron tests apart from utilizing the ARDL bound test technique for long-run co-integration relationship while the direction of causality were tested by using Granger causality. The analyses reflect that a strong adverse influence on growth was the result to be yielded from gender educational disparity in Pakistan. This finding is based on the empirical interpretation such as women educational attainment at primary and secondary levels, government expenditures on education, total secondary education and male secondary education significantly contribute to growth. However, the associations of population growth, total labor force, male education at primary level and total primary education with growth being significantly negative. This study also found long run pair-wise causality from male and female secondary school attainment separately, male primary education, total primary and total secondary education to economic success.
{"title":"NEXUS BETWEEN GENDER INEQUALITY IN EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Arshadi Ali, Imtiaz Ahmad","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan’s women educational attainment has been the lowest in the entire South Asia; with women and girls continuing to suffer discrimination in the field of education. This study is designed to examine the linkage between gender disparity in education and Pakistan economic success, using annual secondary data to date range 1980 to 2019. Also the study checked the variables integration order by using Dickey-Fuller and Philip-Peron tests apart from utilizing the ARDL bound test technique for long-run co-integration relationship while the direction of causality were tested by using Granger causality. The analyses reflect that a strong adverse influence on growth was the result to be yielded from gender educational disparity in Pakistan. This finding is based on the empirical interpretation such as women educational attainment at primary and secondary levels, government expenditures on education, total secondary education and male secondary education significantly contribute to growth. However, the associations of population growth, total labor force, male education at primary level and total primary education with growth being significantly negative. This study also found long run pair-wise causality from male and female secondary school attainment separately, male primary education, total primary and total secondary education to economic success.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78203187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The only way to be successful now days in every field of life is the effective use of verbal expression. Language serves as a toolkit to inform, reveal, explore, expose, explain, manipulate, exaggerate, intensify, mitigate and what not. It has every hidden potential to serve its users. Significance of this toolkit of language can also be a bravura feature in gaining comic and/or tragic effects in media. The language of the media violates its few communicative principles which can be termed as Gricean cooperative principle, to serve the specific interests via playing upon the common use of language. The present study explores the intricacies involved in any communication to achieve comic effects. For this purpose, Gricean maxims have been investigated thoroughly with the help of Pakistani comedy show “Bulbulay” which is a famous TV series all over the country. The TV series is considered to be popular among the masses due to its different and unique language that is achieved by flouting the maxims in Gricean’s terminology. The study explains the inimitable ways of achieving comic effects in series and also suggests further work on other areas regarding the unusual use of language to achieve desired results.
{"title":"FLOUTING OF GRICEANS MAXIMS IN COMEDY DRAMAS","authors":"Faiza Zeb","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The only way to be successful now days in every field of life is the effective use of verbal expression. Language serves as a toolkit to inform, reveal, explore, expose, explain, manipulate, exaggerate, intensify, mitigate and what not. It has every hidden potential to serve its users. Significance of this toolkit of language can also be a bravura feature in gaining comic and/or tragic effects in media. The language of the media violates its few communicative principles which can be termed as Gricean cooperative principle, to serve the specific interests via playing upon the common use of language. The present study explores the intricacies involved in any communication to achieve comic effects. For this purpose, Gricean maxims have been investigated thoroughly with the help of Pakistani comedy show “Bulbulay” which is a famous TV series all over the country. The TV series is considered to be popular among the masses due to its different and unique language that is achieved by flouting the maxims in Gricean’s terminology. The study explains the inimitable ways of achieving comic effects in series and also suggests further work on other areas regarding the unusual use of language to achieve desired results.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally human societies are battling with diverse challenges from socio-cultural apprehension to the wave of religious extremism & conflicts consequently it is a quite high time for human societies and its stakeholders to come up with the possible applied framework with solutions to face these challenges. The one specific solution is to aware of the new generation by educating them to adopt a positive attitude to resolve the issues of conflicts. Keeping the above view there is a need for introducing peace education and Peace-building in the mainstream education system at all levels. The primary objective of the current study was to explore the perception of senior University teachers as internal stakeholders of education system regarding the need for Peace Education & Peacebuilding in the mainstream education system at higher education level specifically. The selected population was public sector Universities of District Shaheed Benazirabad while the sample was thirty percent randomly selected senior teachers of three departments. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire which was structured on the fivepoint Likert scale. The data were analyzed accordingly. The study revealed the different aspects of peace education and Peace-building. The findings recommended that high importance should be given to peace education in the mainstream education system.
{"title":"PEACE EDUCATION AND PEACE-BUILDING IN MAINSTREAM EDUCATION SYSTEM","authors":"Tayyaba Zarif, Safia Urooj, Rizwan Munir","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.139","url":null,"abstract":"Globally human societies are battling with diverse challenges from socio-cultural apprehension to the wave of religious extremism & conflicts consequently it is a quite high time for human societies and its stakeholders to come up with the possible applied framework with solutions to face these challenges. The one specific solution is to aware of the new generation by educating them to adopt a positive attitude to resolve the issues of conflicts. Keeping the above view there is a need for introducing peace education and Peace-building in the mainstream education system at all levels. The primary objective of the current study was to explore the perception of senior University teachers as internal stakeholders of education system regarding the need for Peace Education & Peacebuilding in the mainstream education system at higher education level specifically. The selected population was public sector Universities of District Shaheed Benazirabad while the sample was thirty percent randomly selected senior teachers of three departments. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire which was structured on the fivepoint Likert scale. The data were analyzed accordingly. The study revealed the different aspects of peace education and Peace-building. The findings recommended that high importance should be given to peace education in the mainstream education system.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85810405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the HIV/AIDS coverage in the selected newspapers. The premises of the study depend upon the fact that informing public about any social issue that effects people’s life is among one of the fundamental functions of media, such as HIV/AIDS is one of prime importance. In this study two most prime newspapers of Pakistan Daily Jang and Dawn were analyzed. This paper adopted two approaches for investigation one is content analysis, and another is discourse analysis. The content analysis was used to determine the frequency of HIV/AIDS content coverage. Discourse analysis was used to determine consciousness of these newspapers on covering HIV/AIDS stories with correct language and terminologies according to the given media guideline of UNICEF. Total 368 editions from 1st July 2017 to 31st December 2017 were sampled for the study. The result of the study indicates that newspapers have severely underestimated the severity of HIV/AIDS. The coverage given by newspapers is dissatisfactory. Selected newspapers used inappropriate terminologies and language in the stories which shows negligence of newspapers regarding HIV/AIDS issue.
{"title":"ASSESSING ROLE OF NEWSPAPERS IN CREATING AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Fatima Kiran","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.140","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the HIV/AIDS coverage in the selected newspapers. The premises of the study depend upon the fact that informing public about any social issue that effects people’s life is among one of the fundamental functions of media, such as HIV/AIDS is one of prime importance. In this study two most prime newspapers of Pakistan Daily Jang and Dawn were analyzed. This paper adopted two approaches for investigation one is content analysis, and another is discourse analysis. The content analysis was used to determine the frequency of HIV/AIDS content coverage. Discourse analysis was used to determine consciousness of these newspapers on covering HIV/AIDS stories with correct language and terminologies according to the given media guideline of UNICEF. Total 368 editions from 1st July 2017 to 31st December 2017 were sampled for the study. The result of the study indicates that newspapers have severely underestimated the severity of HIV/AIDS. The coverage given by newspapers is dissatisfactory. Selected newspapers used inappropriate terminologies and language in the stories which shows negligence of newspapers regarding HIV/AIDS issue.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of child labor which denies children in their rights comparatively to possible outcomes and which seats them over inexpressible torments need to stop current in as irritable a period as suitable. Meanwhile, actions are being ended toward this path and administration has taken various errands to battle and expel little child labor from the general public. The task of halting and disposing of child labor needs certain separation additional devotion than most extraordinary formative games and demands for purposeful and orchestrated endeavors from every single public accomplice. The present study was noble as the child labor risk in Quetta. It is basic to commit a sign of the study area jointly through its demographic data and general data of the shared characteristics. Present contemplate was accepted in Quetta. The sample size was one hundred family units which were selected through sample random sampling technique. Children rouse the change way thusly it should be propelled with the goal that their folks could be followed and restrained precisely. With this, the general public can dishearten road peddling by methods for children. Besides, government ought to edify the general population at the appalling impacts of street selling by children. The edification must be intended for demoralizing individuals from looking for from adolescent
{"title":"DEEPROOTED ISSUE OF CHILD LABOR IN BALOCHISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF QUETTA","authors":"Sadia Barech, Muhammad Din","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of child labor which denies children in their rights comparatively to possible outcomes and which seats them over inexpressible torments need to stop current in as irritable a period as suitable. Meanwhile, actions are being ended toward this path and administration has taken various errands to battle and expel little child labor from the general public. The task of halting and disposing of child labor needs certain separation additional devotion than most extraordinary formative games and demands for purposeful and orchestrated endeavors from every single public accomplice. The present study was noble as the child labor risk in Quetta. It is basic to commit a sign of the study area jointly through its demographic data and general data of the shared characteristics. Present contemplate was accepted in Quetta. The sample size was one hundred family units which were selected through sample random sampling technique. Children rouse the change way thusly it should be propelled with the goal that their folks could be followed and restrained precisely. With this, the general public can dishearten road peddling by methods for children. Besides, government ought to edify the general population at the appalling impacts of street selling by children. The edification must be intended for demoralizing individuals from looking for from adolescent","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76840656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nexus between investment and interest rate is always considered essential to analyze the economic activity as these variables are important economic indicators in defining macroeconomic activity. However, the unchanged condition of investment in Pakistan has raised the cost of investment and crates uncertainty in investors. The paper investigates the link between rate of interest and investment to incorporate a new dimension of call money rate that may enhance the investment opportunities in Pakistan, employing time series analysis for the time span of 1973 - 2015. The ARDL Bound Testing Approach and ECM are employed to capture both the long and short-run dynamics of the variables in the model. The results of the study indicate that the call money rate has significant effect on investment and thus on economic growth. Therefore, the preparation and implementation of financial policies may increase the investmentfriendly rate of interest to stimulate economic growth in Pakistan.
{"title":"THE NEXUS BETWEEN INVESTMENT AND INTEREST RATE: NEW DIMENSIONS FOR PAKISTAN","authors":"Nooreen Mujahid, M. Noman","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.130","url":null,"abstract":"The nexus between investment and interest rate is always considered essential to analyze the economic activity as these variables are important economic indicators in defining macroeconomic activity. However, the unchanged condition of investment in Pakistan has raised the cost of investment and crates uncertainty in investors. The paper investigates the link between rate of interest and investment to incorporate a new dimension of call money rate that may enhance the investment opportunities in Pakistan, employing time series analysis for the time span of 1973 - 2015. The ARDL Bound Testing Approach and ECM are employed to capture both the long and short-run dynamics of the variables in the model. The results of the study indicate that the call money rate has significant effect on investment and thus on economic growth. Therefore, the preparation and implementation of financial policies may increase the investmentfriendly rate of interest to stimulate economic growth in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80899398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes the concept of postcolonial aesthetics as developed and debated by such critics as Bill Ashcroft, Elleke Boehmer and Robert Young. In particular, it critiques Ashcroft’s theorization of the postcolonial aesthetics in his article ‘Towards a Postcolonial Aesthetics’ and recommends an alternative approach to the conceptualization of postcolonial aesthetics with reference to Muhammad Hasan Askari’s essay on Ahmed Ali’s novel Twilight in Delhi. It questions Ashcroft’s emphasis on the hybrid linguistic makeup of the postcolonial text as the source of the particular aesthetic effects of the text and emphasizes the need for differentiating between affection– the writer’s deep sense of engagement with and involvement in the narrative – and affectation – a clever use of native words and expressions by the writer to authenticate his or her cultural identity – in discussing the affective dimension of a postcolonial text. The article argues that the aesthetic impact of the postcolonial text is produced by the intensity of experience and emotional involvement of the postcolonial writer (affection) as opposed to being produced by creative wordplay and mixing of local and foreign languages (affectation). Thus, the article contributes to the ongoing debates about the aesthetic dimension of postcolonial literature.
{"title":"POSTCOLONIAL AESTHETICS: AFFECT, AFFECTION OR AFFECTATION?","authors":"Faisal Nazir","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the concept of postcolonial aesthetics as developed and debated by such critics as Bill Ashcroft, Elleke Boehmer and Robert Young. In particular, it critiques Ashcroft’s theorization of the postcolonial aesthetics in his article ‘Towards a Postcolonial Aesthetics’ and recommends an alternative approach to the conceptualization of postcolonial aesthetics with reference to Muhammad Hasan Askari’s essay on Ahmed Ali’s novel Twilight in Delhi. It questions Ashcroft’s emphasis on the hybrid linguistic makeup of the postcolonial text as the source of the particular aesthetic effects of the text and emphasizes the need for differentiating between affection– the writer’s deep sense of engagement with and involvement in the narrative – and affectation – a clever use of native words and expressions by the writer to authenticate his or her cultural identity – in discussing the affective dimension of a postcolonial text. The article argues that the aesthetic impact of the postcolonial text is produced by the intensity of experience and emotional involvement of the postcolonial writer (affection) as opposed to being produced by creative wordplay and mixing of local and foreign languages (affectation). Thus, the article contributes to the ongoing debates about the aesthetic dimension of postcolonial literature.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85815756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marx’s works have left enormous influence on Western thought. Social change is the main concern of his thought. He views social change as a dialectical process which ultimately leads to absolute social order. For Marx the dialectic of material forces is central in the process of social generation that eventually leads to ‘socialism’. Marx thinks that individuals have their identity because of some kind of collectivity. Each historical stage furnishes individual with a fixed identity and corresponding role. Karl Popper, who is one of the most renowned critics of Marx, critically examines Marx’s work. He is of the view that Marx’s thought embraces historicism and holism which cannot be rationally justifiable. Popper points out the irrational consequences of Marx’s absolutism. This paper attempts to highlight the absolutistic trend lying deep in Marx’s thought and then focuses on Popper’s critique of Marx’s absolutism.
{"title":"THE ABSOLUTISM OF MARX AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: FOCUS ON KARL POPPER’S CRITIQUE OF MARX","authors":"M. Ateeq","doi":"10.46568/jssh.v58i1.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.128","url":null,"abstract":"Marx’s works have left enormous influence on Western thought. Social change is the main concern of his thought. He views social change as a dialectical process which ultimately leads to absolute social order. For Marx the dialectic of material forces is central in the process of social generation that eventually leads to ‘socialism’. Marx thinks that individuals have their identity because of some kind of collectivity. Each historical stage furnishes individual with a fixed identity and corresponding role. Karl Popper, who is one of the most renowned critics of Marx, critically examines Marx’s work. He is of the view that Marx’s thought embraces historicism and holism which cannot be rationally justifiable. Popper points out the irrational consequences of Marx’s absolutism. This paper attempts to highlight the absolutistic trend lying deep in Marx’s thought and then focuses on Popper’s critique of Marx’s absolutism.","PeriodicalId":93162,"journal":{"name":"American journal of social sciences and humanities","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88275552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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