Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3626899
Adrian Amler;Lukas Best;Martin März
Using operating frequencies in the RF range around the 13.56 MHz ISM band, Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) can provide sufficient power for a wide range of applications even across coupling capacitances of only a few pF. A low power, multi-load power supply can be realized with simple inductorless capacitive links and rectifiers. Multiple loads connect in parallel to a common primary transmission line, driven by a resonant inverter. This scalable low-cost isolating converter can be used in power electronic converters and inverters to simultaneously supply multiple gate drivers with auxiliary power. However, this application presents some unique challenges – in particular, the extremely low coupling capacitances required to limit common-mode interference – which are investigated in this article. It is shown that gate drivers for GaN eHEMTs can be supplied with 35 mW at 5 V using an effective capacitance of only 0.7 pF, and SiC-MOSFETs and even Si-IGBTs can be driven at frequencies in the 10–100’s kHz range. Burst tests confirm common-mode immunity even under voltage slopes exceeding 400 V/ns between loads and to ground.
{"title":"Capacitive Power Transfer as Scalable Low-Cost Multi-Load Auxiliary Power Supply for Gate Drivers","authors":"Adrian Amler;Lukas Best;Martin März","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3626899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3626899","url":null,"abstract":"Using operating frequencies in the RF range around the 13.56 MHz ISM band, Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) can provide sufficient power for a wide range of applications even across coupling capacitances of only a few pF. A low power, multi-load power supply can be realized with simple inductorless capacitive links and rectifiers. Multiple loads connect in parallel to a common primary transmission line, driven by a resonant inverter. This scalable low-cost isolating converter can be used in power electronic converters and inverters to simultaneously supply multiple gate drivers with auxiliary power. However, this application presents some unique challenges – in particular, the extremely low coupling capacitances required to limit common-mode interference – which are investigated in this article. It is shown that gate drivers for GaN eHEMTs can be supplied with 35 mW at 5 V using an effective capacitance of only 0.7 pF, and SiC-MOSFETs and even Si-IGBTs can be driven at frequencies in the 10–100’s kHz range. Burst tests confirm common-mode immunity even under voltage slopes exceeding 400 V/ns between loads and to ground.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1910-1922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3628182
Farman Ullah Jan;Rabiah Badar;Ahmad Sami Al-Shamayleh;Akie Uehara;Tomonobu Senjyu;Adnan Akhunzada
Modern power systems face growing stability challenges due to rising network complexity and dynamic operating conditions. Traditional control mechanisms often struggle to effectively mitigate Low-Frequency Oscillations (LFOs), underscoring the need for more advanced and adaptive damping strategies. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), especially Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), have shown considerable promise in strengthening system stability under such challenging conditions. However, their performance is highly dependent on the quality of the Supplementary Damping Controller (SDC) strategy, and conventional methods may fall short under nonlinear and dynamic conditions. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a novel Indirect Adaptive Polynomial Wavelet-based Neuro-Fuzzy Control (ANFWC) framework designed to damp LFOs in STATCOM applications. The ANFWC includes three controllers, each employing a distinct Orthogonal Polynomial Wavelet-based Neural Network (PWNN) within an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) controller: the Legendre Wavelet-based Controller (ANFLWC), the Hermite Wavelet-based Controller (ANFHWC), and the Chebyshev Wavelet-based Controller (ANFCWC). These controllers enhance ANFIS learning and nonlinear mapping by leveraging PWNNs in the consequent layer. The performance of these controllers is evaluated through MATLAB simulations on the Single-Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and IEEE 9-bus Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) test systems under various fault and disturbance conditions. Comparative analyses show that ANFLWC achieves the best performance, followed by ANFCWC and ANFHWC. All proposed controllers significantly outperform the conventional ANFIS-based TSK controller (ANFTSKC) and Lead-Lag Control (LLC), demonstrating the effectiveness of the ANFWC approach in improving power system damping and stability.
{"title":"Indirect Adaptive Polynomial Wavelet-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for STATCOM-Equipped Power Systems","authors":"Farman Ullah Jan;Rabiah Badar;Ahmad Sami Al-Shamayleh;Akie Uehara;Tomonobu Senjyu;Adnan Akhunzada","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3628182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3628182","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power systems face growing stability challenges due to rising network complexity and dynamic operating conditions. Traditional control mechanisms often struggle to effectively mitigate Low-Frequency Oscillations (LFOs), underscoring the need for more advanced and adaptive damping strategies. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), especially Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), have shown considerable promise in strengthening system stability under such challenging conditions. However, their performance is highly dependent on the quality of the Supplementary Damping Controller (SDC) strategy, and conventional methods may fall short under nonlinear and dynamic conditions. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a novel Indirect Adaptive Polynomial Wavelet-based Neuro-Fuzzy Control (ANFWC) framework designed to damp LFOs in STATCOM applications. The ANFWC includes three controllers, each employing a distinct Orthogonal Polynomial Wavelet-based Neural Network (PWNN) within an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) controller: the Legendre Wavelet-based Controller (ANFLWC), the Hermite Wavelet-based Controller (ANFHWC), and the Chebyshev Wavelet-based Controller (ANFCWC). These controllers enhance ANFIS learning and nonlinear mapping by leveraging PWNNs in the consequent layer. The performance of these controllers is evaluated through MATLAB simulations on the Single-Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and IEEE 9-bus Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) test systems under various fault and disturbance conditions. Comparative analyses show that ANFLWC achieves the best performance, followed by ANFCWC and ANFHWC. All proposed controllers significantly outperform the conventional ANFIS-based TSK controller (ANFTSKC) and Lead-Lag Control (LLC), demonstrating the effectiveness of the ANFWC approach in improving power system damping and stability.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1896-1909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3627526
Patrick Körner;Philip Brockerhoff;Felix Müller;Mihai Polita;Marco Jung
Conducted and radiated Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is of major concern in automotive On-Board Chargers (OBCs). Passive EMI Filters (PEFs) occupy a significant amount of space, whereas especially magnetic components like Common Mode Chokes (CMCs) and Differential Mode Chokes (DMCs) are the main cost and weight adders. Therefore, this paper proposes a Voltage Sense Current Inject (VSCI) Feedback (FB)-type Common Mode (CM) Active EMI Filter (AEF) that allows the usage of CMCs with smaller CM inductance. The AEF is part of the AC-input EMI filter of an OBC that can supply 11 kW of charging power in 1-phase (1 ph) and 3-phase (3 ph) operation. Analytical analysis is provided, which relates the AEF’s output voltage to the used CMC CM inductance and the fundamental switching frequency of the Power Factor Correction (PFC) system. It is shown that higher switching frequencies offer the possibility to decrease the CMC CM inductance without the risk to overload the AEF output. Furthermore, a leakage inductance estimation for current-unsymmetrical CMCs is provided and is experimentally validated. Conducted Emission (CE) measurements show the AEF performance and it is described how dedicated DMCs can be removed from the design. It was found that the benefit of a CM AEF in a Differential Mode (DM) dominant system is limited but can provide benefits for specific CM dominant harmonics within the regulated frequency range. A problem for AEFs is CM inductance degradation due to partial DM core saturation in CMCs. This phenomenon is experimentally investigated for ferrite and nanocrystalline CMCs.
{"title":"Implementation of an Active Common Mode EMI Filter Considering High Conducted Differential Mode EMI in Electric Vehicle On-Board Chargers","authors":"Patrick Körner;Philip Brockerhoff;Felix Müller;Mihai Polita;Marco Jung","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3627526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3627526","url":null,"abstract":"Conducted and radiated Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is of major concern in automotive On-Board Chargers (OBCs). Passive EMI Filters (PEFs) occupy a significant amount of space, whereas especially magnetic components like Common Mode Chokes (CMCs) and Differential Mode Chokes (DMCs) are the main cost and weight adders. Therefore, this paper proposes a Voltage Sense Current Inject (VSCI) Feedback (FB)-type Common Mode (CM) Active EMI Filter (AEF) that allows the usage of CMCs with smaller CM inductance. The AEF is part of the AC-input EMI filter of an OBC that can supply 11 kW of charging power in 1-phase (1 ph) and 3-phase (3 ph) operation. Analytical analysis is provided, which relates the AEF’s output voltage to the used CMC CM inductance and the fundamental switching frequency of the Power Factor Correction (PFC) system. It is shown that higher switching frequencies offer the possibility to decrease the CMC CM inductance without the risk to overload the AEF output. Furthermore, a leakage inductance estimation for current-unsymmetrical CMCs is provided and is experimentally validated. Conducted Emission (CE) measurements show the AEF performance and it is described how dedicated DMCs can be removed from the design. It was found that the benefit of a CM AEF in a Differential Mode (DM) dominant system is limited but can provide benefits for specific CM dominant harmonics within the regulated frequency range. A problem for AEFs is CM inductance degradation due to partial DM core saturation in CMCs. This phenomenon is experimentally investigated for ferrite and nanocrystalline CMCs.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1937-1953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11222847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advancement of DC systems, especially in transportation applications, hinges on the development of effective protection mechanisms. Robust protection systems are crucial for enabling the widespread adoption of DC technologies in important transport modes, offering both operational and economic benefits. This paper introduces a high-speed solid-state circuit breaker designed for enhancing the protection of general DC systems. The upgraded breaker integrates the functionality of a latching current limiter, designed to minimize modifications to existing technologies. A custom gate driver and controller are developed and experimentally validated to support the circuit breaker. A scaled solid-state circuit breaker prototype is tested under various operational conditions to evaluate its performance. The breaker’s behavior is simulated in SPICE to guide the experimental validation on a referential DC system. The results demonstrate high performance, with a clearing time close to $200 ,mathrm{n}mathrm{s}$, effectively reducing system stress during short circuits. The current limiter functionality prevents unnecessary tripping during temporary overcurrents, keeping the current within safe parameters. The innovative gate driver simplifies the implementation of the latching current limiter, offering a practical and scalable solution. This work represents a significant step forward in DC protection technology, promoting the adoption of DC systems in transportation applications and beyond, by addressing critical protection challenges.
{"title":"High-Speed Solid-State Circuit Breaker With Latching Current Limiter for DC Systems","authors":"Alejandro Latorre;Thiago Batista Soeiro;Anand Krishnamurthy Iyer;Rinze Geertsma;Henk Polinder","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3625092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3625092","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of DC systems, especially in transportation applications, hinges on the development of effective protection mechanisms. Robust protection systems are crucial for enabling the widespread adoption of DC technologies in important transport modes, offering both operational and economic benefits. This paper introduces a high-speed solid-state circuit breaker designed for enhancing the protection of general DC systems. The upgraded breaker integrates the functionality of a latching current limiter, designed to minimize modifications to existing technologies. A custom gate driver and controller are developed and experimentally validated to support the circuit breaker. A scaled solid-state circuit breaker prototype is tested under various operational conditions to evaluate its performance. The breaker’s behavior is simulated in SPICE to guide the experimental validation on a referential DC system. The results demonstrate high performance, with a clearing time close to <inline-formula><tex-math>$200 ,mathrm{n}mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, effectively reducing system stress during short circuits. The current limiter functionality prevents unnecessary tripping during temporary overcurrents, keeping the current within safe parameters. The innovative gate driver simplifies the implementation of the latching current limiter, offering a practical and scalable solution. This work represents a significant step forward in DC protection technology, promoting the adoption of DC systems in transportation applications and beyond, by addressing critical protection challenges.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1882-1895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11216030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3623094
Mansi V. Joisher;Jiamei Wang;Roderick S. Bayliss;Mike K. Ranjram;Rachel S. Yang;Alexander Jurkov;David J. Perreault
Magnetic components significantly impact the performance and size of power electronic circuits. This is especially true at radio frequencies (RF) of many MHz and above. In the high-frequency (HF, 3–30 MHz) range, coreless (or “air-core”) inductors are conventionally used. These inductors have typical quality factors (Qs) of 200–500. However, their uncontrolled magnetic fields can induce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and eddy current losses in surrounding components, limiting system miniaturization. This makes them a major contributor to overall system loss and size. With recent advances in high-frequency magnetic materials, there is interest in design of cored inductors to achieve improved combinations of size and loss. This work investigates an approach to achieving high-power, high-frequency, high-Q cored inductors. The proposed design approach leverages high-frequency magnetic materials, core geometry, quasi-distributed gaps, and a copper shield to realize high-frequency inductors that emit little flux outside their physical volume. Design guidelines for such inductors are introduced and experimentally verified with a 155 kVA, 570 nH inductor (Q = 1150) designed to operate at 13.56 MHz with a peak ac current of up to 80 Amps. A high-efficiency and compact back-to-back L-match is used to demonstrate the high-performance and self-shielding capability of this prototype inductor.
{"title":"High-Performance High-Power Inductor Design for High-Frequency Applications","authors":"Mansi V. Joisher;Jiamei Wang;Roderick S. Bayliss;Mike K. Ranjram;Rachel S. Yang;Alexander Jurkov;David J. Perreault","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3623094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3623094","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic components significantly impact the performance and size of power electronic circuits. This is especially true at radio frequencies (RF) of many MHz and above. In the high-frequency (HF, 3–30 MHz) range, coreless (or “air-core”) inductors are conventionally used. These inductors have typical quality factors (Qs) of 200–500. However, their uncontrolled magnetic fields can induce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and eddy current losses in surrounding components, limiting system miniaturization. This makes them a major contributor to overall system loss and size. With recent advances in high-frequency magnetic materials, there is interest in design of cored inductors to achieve improved combinations of size and loss. This work investigates an approach to achieving high-power, high-frequency, high-Q cored inductors. The proposed design approach leverages high-frequency magnetic materials, core geometry, quasi-distributed gaps, and a copper shield to realize high-frequency inductors that emit little flux outside their physical volume. Design guidelines for such inductors are introduced and experimentally verified with a 155 kVA, 570 nH inductor (Q = 1150) designed to operate at 13.56 MHz with a peak ac current of up to 80 Amps. A high-efficiency and compact back-to-back L-match is used to demonstrate the high-performance and self-shielding capability of this prototype inductor.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1991-2004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11207142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620715
Peter Darrach Matthews;Hossein Gholizadeh Narm;Javad Ebrahimi;Suzan Eren
Parallel operation of inverters is one method to increase power ratings of motor drives for high power applications. This paper proposes a novel variation of Field-Oriented Control for parallel inverters driving AC machines. The proposed strategy is implemented directly in the natural (abc) reference frame and overcomes many issues faced by conventional controllers for parallel motor drives. At the core of this control strategy is a proposed Resonant Proportional Integral (RPI) controller, which uses integrated plant dynamics to achieve the functionality of a second-order Proportional Resonant (PR) controller using only a first-order Proportional Integral (PI) controller. Hence the proposed control strategy is very simple, requiring only an inner first-order RPI controller for the the stator currents, and an outer PI controller for motor speed and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation. A theoretical analysis of the RPI controller is given, which is supported by simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"A Control Strategy for Parallel Three-Phase Inverters in Motor Drives","authors":"Peter Darrach Matthews;Hossein Gholizadeh Narm;Javad Ebrahimi;Suzan Eren","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620715","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel operation of inverters is one method to increase power ratings of motor drives for high power applications. This paper proposes a novel variation of Field-Oriented Control for parallel inverters driving AC machines. The proposed strategy is implemented directly in the natural (abc) reference frame and overcomes many issues faced by conventional controllers for parallel motor drives. At the core of this control strategy is a proposed Resonant Proportional Integral (RPI) controller, which uses integrated plant dynamics to achieve the functionality of a second-order Proportional Resonant (PR) controller using only a first-order Proportional Integral (PI) controller. Hence the proposed control strategy is very simple, requiring only an inner first-order RPI controller for the the stator currents, and an outer PI controller for motor speed and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation. A theoretical analysis of the RPI controller is given, which is supported by simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1815-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11202241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3621063
Mana Hosseinzadehlish;Saeed Jahdi;Xibo Yuan;Martin Kuball
In energy-dense power electronic applications such as electric vehicles, avalanche-induced failures represent a significant reliability risk that can impact system availability. This paper provides comprehensive measurements and modelings to investigate the robustness of high-voltage-rated Silicon and 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) under unclamped inductive switching (UIS) conditions. The study employs a combination of experimental measurements and Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) models to provide a comprehensive analysis of the failure mechanism of these devices under the intense electrothermal stress of avalanche mechanism. Measurements have been performed at 25 °C and 175 °C to assess the impact of elevated temperatures on the avalanche dynamics in Silicon and 4H-SiC NPN power BJTs. The UIS tests have been carried out by incrementally increase of either the DC-link voltage or the base pulse length till the device failure. It is seen that the Silicon device can tolerate higher UIS energy, due to its significantly larger die area. However, for the same UIS energy density per die area, the 4H-SiC NPN BJT clearly outperforms its Silicon counterpart.
{"title":"Analysis of Avalanche UIS Ruggedness of Vertical Power Silicon and SiC NPN BJTs","authors":"Mana Hosseinzadehlish;Saeed Jahdi;Xibo Yuan;Martin Kuball","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3621063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3621063","url":null,"abstract":"In energy-dense power electronic applications such as electric vehicles, avalanche-induced failures represent a significant reliability risk that can impact system availability. This paper provides comprehensive measurements and modelings to investigate the robustness of high-voltage-rated Silicon and 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) under unclamped inductive switching (UIS) conditions. The study employs a combination of experimental measurements and Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) models to provide a comprehensive analysis of the failure mechanism of these devices under the intense electrothermal stress of avalanche mechanism. Measurements have been performed at 25 °C and 175 °C to assess the impact of elevated temperatures on the avalanche dynamics in Silicon and 4H-SiC NPN power BJTs. The UIS tests have been carried out by incrementally increase of either the DC-link voltage or the base pulse length till the device failure. It is seen that the Silicon device can tolerate higher UIS energy, due to its significantly larger die area. However, for the same UIS energy density per die area, the 4H-SiC NPN BJT clearly outperforms its Silicon counterpart.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1828-1840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11202612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620488
Quanxue Guan;Jiabei Hu;Xue Hu;Yuqian Fan;Qingling Cai;Xiaojun Tan
Deep learning methods have been widely employed to diagnose faults in power converters. However, it is challenging to diagnose multiple faults in two-stage charging power modules. Besides, diagnostic models often excel only under the exact operating conditions on which they were trained. To enable rapid and accurate open-circuit fault (OCF) diagnosis for charging pile power converters operating under varying conditions, this paper proposes an improved Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) framework based on transfer learning. Measured waveforms are first segmented via a sliding window, from which eleven concise time-domain features are extracted and fed to the computationally efficient LightGBM for fault classification. To address the prevalent class-imbalance problem encountered in real-world fault data acquisition, this paper proposes a channel-attention-based Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a gradient penalty for data augmentation. Domain adaptation from one working condition with sufficient labelled data to other few-labelled conditions is realized through a novel dynamic re-weighting scheme from the perspectives of instance weights and feature mapping. Furthermore, a new loss function is established to integrate Maximum Mean Discrepancy for aligning the feature spaces of source and target domains, with cross-entropy for reducing the source-domain classification error. Experiments on a fast-charging power module demonstrate that the proposed lightweight method achieves an average diagnosis accuracy of 99.16% for both single- and multi-switch OCFs, and a diagnosis speed of about 13 ms across diverse load and grid conditions. It also achieves an accuracy of over 98.68% in the target condition with merely ten labeled samples, outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives. Moreover, the proposed algorithm maintains robustness under abrupt load transients and severe external noises. Compared to existing deep learning methods and state-of-the-art transfer networks, the proposed method cuts training time by one order of magnitude while maintaining the highest accuracy.
{"title":"Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis for Charging Modules Based on Transfer Light Gradient Boosting Machine","authors":"Quanxue Guan;Jiabei Hu;Xue Hu;Yuqian Fan;Qingling Cai;Xiaojun Tan","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3620488","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning methods have been widely employed to diagnose faults in power converters. However, it is challenging to diagnose multiple faults in two-stage charging power modules. Besides, diagnostic models often excel only under the exact operating conditions on which they were trained. To enable rapid and accurate open-circuit fault (OCF) diagnosis for charging pile power converters operating under varying conditions, this paper proposes an improved Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) framework based on transfer learning. Measured waveforms are first segmented via a sliding window, from which eleven concise time-domain features are extracted and fed to the computationally efficient LightGBM for fault classification. To address the prevalent class-imbalance problem encountered in real-world fault data acquisition, this paper proposes a channel-attention-based Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a gradient penalty for data augmentation. Domain adaptation from one working condition with sufficient labelled data to other few-labelled conditions is realized through a novel dynamic re-weighting scheme from the perspectives of instance weights and feature mapping. Furthermore, a new loss function is established to integrate Maximum Mean Discrepancy for aligning the feature spaces of source and target domains, with cross-entropy for reducing the source-domain classification error. Experiments on a fast-charging power module demonstrate that the proposed lightweight method achieves an average diagnosis accuracy of 99.16% for both single- and multi-switch OCFs, and a diagnosis speed of about 13 ms across diverse load and grid conditions. It also achieves an accuracy of over 98.68% in the target condition with merely ten labeled samples, outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives. Moreover, the proposed algorithm maintains robustness under abrupt load transients and severe external noises. Compared to existing deep learning methods and state-of-the-art transfer networks, the proposed method cuts training time by one order of magnitude while maintaining the highest accuracy.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1759-1768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11202317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619673
Anugula Rajamallaiah;S.V.K. Naresh;Y. Raghuvamsi;Singamasetty Manmadharao;Kishore Bingi;Anand R;Josep M. Guerrero
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for the intelligent control of power electronic converters. It offers adaptability, model-free operation, and real-time decision making in complex, nonlinear, and dynamic environments. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in DRL-based control strategies for various power converter applications. It includes voltage regulation in DC-DC converters connected to DC microgrids, speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), voltage regulation and frequency modulation in dual active bridge (DAB) converters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in solar pv systems, and grid-connected inverter control in both grid-following and grid-forming modes. The paper systematically categorizes the recent literature based on converter topology, control objectives, DRL algorithms used, and implementation frameworks, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach. Special attention is given to the design of reward functions and action-state representations. Furthermore, the review identifies key challenges including stability assurance, sample inefficiency, hardware deployment constraints, and lack of standardized benchmarking environments. Finally, research gaps and future directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for physics-informed learning, safe exploration strategies, and hybrid model-based approaches to bridge the gap between academic advances and real-world deployment in power electronic systems.
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Power Converter Control: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Challenges","authors":"Anugula Rajamallaiah;S.V.K. Naresh;Y. Raghuvamsi;Singamasetty Manmadharao;Kishore Bingi;Anand R;Josep M. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619673","url":null,"abstract":"Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for the intelligent control of power electronic converters. It offers adaptability, model-free operation, and real-time decision making in complex, nonlinear, and dynamic environments. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in DRL-based control strategies for various power converter applications. It includes voltage regulation in DC-DC converters connected to DC microgrids, speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), voltage regulation and frequency modulation in dual active bridge (DAB) converters, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in solar pv systems, and grid-connected inverter control in both grid-following and grid-forming modes. The paper systematically categorizes the recent literature based on converter topology, control objectives, DRL algorithms used, and implementation frameworks, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach. Special attention is given to the design of reward functions and action-state representations. Furthermore, the review identifies key challenges including stability assurance, sample inefficiency, hardware deployment constraints, and lack of standardized benchmarking environments. Finally, research gaps and future directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for physics-informed learning, safe exploration strategies, and hybrid model-based approaches to bridge the gap between academic advances and real-world deployment in power electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1769-1802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619489
Kaizhe Nie;Feng Gao;Yu Jiang
Inverter’s controller directly determines the grid-integration quality of power conversion systems. To address complex operating conditions, e.g., grid voltage distortion, parameter variations and weak grid scenarios, this paper proposes a lightweight artificial neural network (ANN) controller with strong adaptability. In implementation, the ANN controller generates control signals while simultaneously optimizing its weights in real time using the gradient descent algorithm. Distinctively, the weight gradients are directly calculated using the loss function and weights, which compared to the error backpropagation method, significantly reduces computational complexity, and therefore achieves the computational lightweight feature. In addition, the ANN phase-locked loop (ANN-PLL) is constructed to provide phase alignment for current reference while enabling fully ANN-based inverter control architecture. In principle, the proposed ANN controller relies neither on an offline training dataset nor on the system model, and achieves adaptive weights adjustment in real time with minimal computational effort. Through physical experiments, the proposed lightweight ANN controller was compared with the sliding mode controller and the model-based ANN controller, verifying its superior performance under complex operating conditions, such as grid voltage distortion, input voltage variation, current reference variation, filter parameter variation, and extremely weak grid (short circuit ratio = 1.09).
{"title":"A Lightweight ANN Controller for Grid-Tied Inverters With Strong Adaptability","authors":"Kaizhe Nie;Feng Gao;Yu Jiang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3619489","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter’s controller directly determines the grid-integration quality of power conversion systems. To address complex operating conditions, e.g., grid voltage distortion, parameter variations and weak grid scenarios, this paper proposes a lightweight artificial neural network (ANN) controller with strong adaptability. In implementation, the ANN controller generates control signals while simultaneously optimizing its weights in real time using the gradient descent algorithm. Distinctively, the weight gradients are directly calculated using the loss function and weights, which compared to the error backpropagation method, significantly reduces computational complexity, and therefore achieves the computational lightweight feature. In addition, the ANN phase-locked loop (ANN-PLL) is constructed to provide phase alignment for current reference while enabling fully ANN-based inverter control architecture. In principle, the proposed ANN controller relies neither on an offline training dataset nor on the system model, and achieves adaptive weights adjustment in real time with minimal computational effort. Through physical experiments, the proposed lightweight ANN controller was compared with the sliding mode controller and the model-based ANN controller, verifying its superior performance under complex operating conditions, such as grid voltage distortion, input voltage variation, current reference variation, filter parameter variation, and extremely weak grid (short circuit ratio = 1.09).","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1803-1814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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