Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614708
Liang Zhao;Xiongfei Wang;Zheming Jin
This paper presents an analytical framework to evaluate the damping contributed by inner control loops in grid-forming voltage-source converters. First, an impedance model is developed to characterize the dynamics of three types of inner loops, with the control-shaped resistive component indicating the damping for synchronous oscillations. Then, inner-outer loop interactions and interaction-induced oscillations are evaluated using the complex torque coefficient, with the damping torque used for stability assessment. The framework offers two benefits: (i) it yields intuitive physical insight into inner-outer loop interactions and oscillation mechanisms; and (ii) it enables inner-loop parameter tuning using electrical damping torque with minimal dependence on outer-loop operating points. The method is exemplified for virtual-admittance and current-control inner loops, where both synchronous and sub-synchronous oscillations are analyzed and mitigated. Time-domain simulations and hardware experiments validate the approach and its findings.
{"title":"Exploring Damping Effect of Inner Control Loops for Grid-Forming VSCs","authors":"Liang Zhao;Xiongfei Wang;Zheming Jin","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614708","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical framework to evaluate the damping contributed by inner control loops in grid-forming voltage-source converters. First, an impedance model is developed to characterize the dynamics of three types of inner loops, with the control-shaped resistive component indicating the damping for synchronous oscillations. Then, inner-outer loop interactions and interaction-induced oscillations are evaluated using the complex torque coefficient, with the damping torque used for stability assessment. The framework offers two benefits: (i) it yields intuitive physical insight into inner-outer loop interactions and oscillation mechanisms; and (ii) it enables inner-loop parameter tuning using electrical damping torque with minimal dependence on outer-loop operating points. The method is exemplified for virtual-admittance and current-control inner loops, where both synchronous and sub-synchronous oscillations are analyzed and mitigated. Time-domain simulations and hardware experiments validate the approach and its findings.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1595-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11181165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing penetration of renewable energy systems (RESs) into power grids has introduced challenges such as reduced inertia and increased generation instability. To address these issues, there is an urgent need for RESs to actively support grid operations. This essential capability is facilitated by high-performance power conversion systems and advanced control strategies. Among various RESs, wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) systems, equipped with partially or fully rated power electronics converters (PECs), are the most promising solutions. Since these systems often operate below their rated capacity, the available power headroom can be effectively utilised to provide ancillary services. By employing advanced grid-supporting controls and coordination techniques, WT and PV systems can further enhance grid stability by providing voltage regulation, frequency stabilisation, and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) performance. This paper addresses this timely and critical topic by exploring the contemporary control and coordination strategies that enable WT and PV systems to deliver essential grid-supporting services. The scope of discussion encompasses not only the control strategies for individual RESs but also the system-level coordination using decentralised, distributed, and centralised methods.
{"title":"Grid-Supporting Renewable Energy Systems With Power Electronics Interfaces","authors":"Shuo Yan;Lasantha Meehagapola;Yongheng Yang;Frede Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3615123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3615123","url":null,"abstract":"The growing penetration of renewable energy systems (RESs) into power grids has introduced challenges such as reduced inertia and increased generation instability. To address these issues, there is an urgent need for RESs to actively support grid operations. This essential capability is facilitated by high-performance power conversion systems and advanced control strategies. Among various RESs, wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) systems, equipped with partially or fully rated power electronics converters (PECs), are the most promising solutions. Since these systems often operate below their rated capacity, the available power headroom can be effectively utilised to provide ancillary services. By employing advanced grid-supporting controls and coordination techniques, WT and PV systems can further enhance grid stability by providing voltage regulation, frequency stabilisation, and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) performance. This paper addresses this timely and critical topic by exploring the contemporary control and coordination strategies that enable WT and PV systems to deliver essential grid-supporting services. The scope of discussion encompasses not only the control strategies for individual RESs but also the system-level coordination using decentralised, distributed, and centralised methods.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1609-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11182318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614557
Ali Nadermohammadi;Hamed Abdi;Mohammad Mohsen Hayati;Arman Oshnoei;Frede Blaabjerg;Seyed Hossein Hosseini;S. M. Muyeen
This paper presents an ultra-high voltage gain, quadratic-based DC-DC structure optimized for cost-effectiveness and high power density, specifically for DC microgrid applications. The proffered design integrates a coupled inductor (CI) with a quadratic step-up structure to accomplish a substantial step-up in voltage. The converter’s voltage gain can be regulated through two key criteria: the duty cycle of the power switches and the turn ratio of a two-winding CI, providing enhanced flexibility in design. Key attributes of the proffered topology encompass its ultra-high voltage gain, reduced voltage stress on the switching components, continuous input current, a common ground among the input and output, high efficiency via soft switching on semiconductor devices, and synchronized switch operation. Comprehensive details are provided on the operational principles, steady-state behavior, design considerations, and efficiency evaluation, accompanied by dynamic modeling and control assessment. To highlight the advantages of this topology, it is compared with other related topologies. The potential of the suggested design is affirmed by testing a 600W experimental system utilizing a switching frequency of 50 kHz, with an input voltage of 20 V and an output voltage of 600 V.
{"title":"Cost-Effective Quadratic Ultra-High Gain DC–DC Converter With High Power Density for DC Microgrid Applications","authors":"Ali Nadermohammadi;Hamed Abdi;Mohammad Mohsen Hayati;Arman Oshnoei;Frede Blaabjerg;Seyed Hossein Hosseini;S. M. Muyeen","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3614557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an ultra-high voltage gain, quadratic-based DC-DC structure optimized for cost-effectiveness and high power density, specifically for DC microgrid applications. The proffered design integrates a coupled inductor (CI) with a quadratic step-up structure to accomplish a substantial step-up in voltage. The converter’s voltage gain can be regulated through two key criteria: the duty cycle of the power switches and the turn ratio of a two-winding CI, providing enhanced flexibility in design. Key attributes of the proffered topology encompass its ultra-high voltage gain, reduced voltage stress on the switching components, continuous input current, a common ground among the input and output, high efficiency via soft switching on semiconductor devices, and synchronized switch operation. Comprehensive details are provided on the operational principles, steady-state behavior, design considerations, and efficiency evaluation, accompanied by dynamic modeling and control assessment. To highlight the advantages of this topology, it is compared with other related topologies. The potential of the suggested design is affirmed by testing a 600W experimental system utilizing a switching frequency of 50 kHz, with an input voltage of 20 V and an output voltage of 600 V.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1703-1723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11180007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3611105
Hafte H. Adhena;Alan J. Watson;Niek Moonen;Steve Greedy;Frank Leferink
Solid-state transformers are potential solutions for power conversion applications with multiple ports, enabling the linking of renewable energy sources and asynchronous systems. However, the high dV/dt and parasitics in the transformer and switching devices can cause ringing (oscillation) in the collectors of the switching devices and transformers. This paper analyses the main causes of conducted common-mode emissions of solid-state transformers, including experimental measurement techniques for leakage inductance and parasitic capacitances of a transformer. In addition, the impacts of snubber and decoupling capacitors on the conducted emission and switching losses, considering single-phase shift and triple-phase shift modulations, are presented in time and frequency domains. On top of that, the effect of DC-link capacitor type on conducted emissions is investigated. Based on the experimental results, the parasitic capacitances of the switching devices and the transformer are the main propagation paths of the conducted common-mode emission. Decoupling capacitors reduce the high-frequency oscillations, but the value should be selected carefully to avoid resonance in the low-frequency ranges. Triple phase-shift modulation reduces the AC link reactive current, but it increases both conducted CM emissions and switching losses, while single phase-shift modulation increases the reactive power and reduces the conducted CM emissions.
{"title":"Analysis and Mitigation of Conducted Common-Mode Emissions in Solid-State Transformer","authors":"Hafte H. Adhena;Alan J. Watson;Niek Moonen;Steve Greedy;Frank Leferink","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3611105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3611105","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state transformers are potential solutions for power conversion applications with multiple ports, enabling the linking of renewable energy sources and asynchronous systems. However, the high dV/dt and parasitics in the transformer and switching devices can cause ringing (oscillation) in the collectors of the switching devices and transformers. This paper analyses the main causes of conducted common-mode emissions of solid-state transformers, including experimental measurement techniques for leakage inductance and parasitic capacitances of a transformer. In addition, the impacts of snubber and decoupling capacitors on the conducted emission and switching losses, considering single-phase shift and triple-phase shift modulations, are presented in time and frequency domains. On top of that, the effect of DC-link capacitor type on conducted emissions is investigated. Based on the experimental results, the parasitic capacitances of the switching devices and the transformer are the main propagation paths of the conducted common-mode emission. Decoupling capacitors reduce the high-frequency oscillations, but the value should be selected carefully to avoid resonance in the low-frequency ranges. Triple phase-shift modulation reduces the AC link reactive current, but it increases both conducted CM emissions and switching losses, while single phase-shift modulation increases the reactive power and reduces the conducted CM emissions.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1571-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11168254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3609524
Im-Bo Kong;Wook-Sung Kim;Suyong Chae
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks, compared to other renewable sources, are promising candidates for grid-forming (GFM) capability due to their sufficient power reserves. However, operational constraints related to fuel supply conditions aimed at maintaining high stack efficiency can cause fuel starvation under rapid power variation. This issue introduces ramp rate limitations analogous to those observed in synchronous generators (SGs). To overcome this constraint, this paper proposes an advanced GFM control strategy for PEMFC power conversion systems, explicitly considering power ramp rate limitations to prevent fuel starvation. In the proposed algorithm, a two-stage converter fully replicates the actual behavior of the SG in a stage-wise manner, while an enhanced current-limiting scheme precisely saturates overcurrent and improves dynamic performance during fault transient. The DC/DC converter functions as a prime mover to regulate damping power from the stack, thus it effectively eliminates limited GFM problems. In addition, the DC/AC inverter emulates the electromechanical response of the SG to compensate for power imbalance caused by the stack’s power ramp rate; the DC-link capacitor effectively serves as an energy buffer to prevent fuel starvation. The practical feasibility of the proposed GFM algorithm for the PEMFC system is experimentally evaluated using hardware-in-the-loop testing.
{"title":"A Grid-Forming Control Method for PEMFC Power Conversion Systems With Power Ramp Rate Limitation to Prevent Fuel Starvation","authors":"Im-Bo Kong;Wook-Sung Kim;Suyong Chae","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3609524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3609524","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks, compared to other renewable sources, are promising candidates for grid-forming (GFM) capability due to their sufficient power reserves. However, operational constraints related to fuel supply conditions aimed at maintaining high stack efficiency can cause fuel starvation under rapid power variation. This issue introduces ramp rate limitations analogous to those observed in synchronous generators (SGs). To overcome this constraint, this paper proposes an advanced GFM control strategy for PEMFC power conversion systems, explicitly considering power ramp rate limitations to prevent fuel starvation. In the proposed algorithm, a two-stage converter fully replicates the actual behavior of the SG in a stage-wise manner, while an enhanced current-limiting scheme precisely saturates overcurrent and improves dynamic performance during fault transient. The DC/DC converter functions as a prime mover to regulate damping power from the stack, thus it effectively eliminates limited GFM problems. In addition, the DC/AC inverter emulates the electromechanical response of the SG to compensate for power imbalance caused by the stack’s power ramp rate; the DC-link capacitor effectively serves as an energy buffer to prevent fuel starvation. The practical feasibility of the proposed GFM algorithm for the PEMFC system is experimentally evaluated using hardware-in-the-loop testing.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1559-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11162718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conventional voltage control of grid-forming (GFM) inverter, the load current feedforward is often employed to reshape the output impedance and improve control performance. To further enhance this capability, an approximate zero-impedance control for three-phase GFM inverter is proposed in this paper. The core idea is to achieve zero impedance in the continuous domain by introducing a differential term into the load current feedforward path. A discrete-time optimal control (DTOC)-based tracking differentiator (TD) is utilized its excellent noise-suppression characteristics. The proposed approach is general-purpose and applicable across various control structures (e.g., conventional dual-loop or state-space) and reference frames (dq or αβ). Owing to the unique features of the method, the state-feedback parameters become decoupled from the impedance design, which significantly simplifies controller tuning. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.
{"title":"Tracking Differentiator Based Approximate Zero-Impedance Control for Three-Phase Grid-Forming Inverter","authors":"Jian Du;Wei Hu;Xiaojing Qi;Renzhi Huang;Xiangjun Quan;Zaijun Wu;Xueyong Xu","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3607903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3607903","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional voltage control of grid-forming (GFM) inverter, the load current feedforward is often employed to reshape the output impedance and improve control performance. To further enhance this capability, an approximate zero-impedance control for three-phase GFM inverter is proposed in this paper. The core idea is to achieve zero impedance in the continuous domain by introducing a differential term into the load current feedforward path. A discrete-time optimal control (DTOC)-based tracking differentiator (TD) is utilized its excellent noise-suppression characteristics. The proposed approach is general-purpose and applicable across various control structures (e.g., conventional dual-loop or state-space) and reference frames (<italic>dq</i> or <italic>αβ</i>). Owing to the unique features of the method, the state-feedback parameters become decoupled from the impedance design, which significantly simplifies controller tuning. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1583-1594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11153835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604564
Qingchao Meng;Jürgen Biela
Dueto 2D fields in the core window of inductors (e.g. the fringing field caused by core gaps) large errors can occur in the winding loss calculation, when the assumptions, that the $H$-field is parallel to the winding layers and constant along the field line, used for transformers are applied. Numerical methods, e.g. FEM, are accurate but are very time consuming for calculating the losses of litz wire windings and therefore cannot be integrated in converter optimisation routines, which require a fast execution due to the large number of evaluations. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a fast and accurate loss model for litz wire winding in inductors with arbitrary winding and gap arrangements. The application range of the proposed model covers inductors using cores with single and discrete gaps, and iron powder cores with distributed gaps. The proposed method is numerically and experimentally validated to be more accurate than state-of-the-art methods as e.g. the mirror image method and up to 1000 times faster than the semi-numerical method i.e. the square-field-derivative method with better or equivalent accuracy.
{"title":"Analytical Models for HF-Losses of Litz Wire in Inductors With Arbitrary Winding and Gap Arrangements","authors":"Qingchao Meng;Jürgen Biela","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604564","url":null,"abstract":"Dueto 2D fields in the core window of inductors (e.g. the fringing field caused by core gaps) large errors can occur in the winding loss calculation, when the assumptions, that the <inline-formula><tex-math>$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>-field is parallel to the winding layers and constant along the field line, used for transformers are applied. Numerical methods, e.g. FEM, are accurate but are very time consuming for calculating the losses of litz wire windings and therefore cannot be integrated in converter optimisation routines, which require a fast execution due to the large number of evaluations. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a fast and accurate loss model for litz wire winding in inductors with arbitrary winding and gap arrangements. The application range of the proposed model covers inductors using cores with single and discrete gaps, and iron powder cores with distributed gaps. The proposed method is numerically and experimentally validated to be more accurate than state-of-the-art methods as e.g. the mirror image method and up to 1000 times faster than the semi-numerical method i.e. the square-field-derivative method with better or equivalent accuracy.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1534-1546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604475
Sureshkumar Alagarsamy;Pradeep Vishnuram;Yuvaraja Shanmugam;Thamizh Thentral TM;Radomir Gono;Miroslava Gono;Narayanamoorthi R
The increasing global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a surge in demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which serve as the primary energy storage solution for modern EVs. However, with this growth comes significant challenges related to battery performance, sustainability, and end-of-life (EOL) management. This article provides a comprehensive review of battery technologies, focusing on advancements in lithium-ion batteries, their degradation mechanisms, and the environmental impact of battery disposal. Additionally, it examines the challenges in EV battery recycling, including safety hazards, disassembly complexities, and economic feasibility. The study explores second-life applications of retired EV batteries in energy storage systems, microgrids, and hybrid renewable energy solutions, emphasizing their potential to extend battery usability while minimizing waste. Furthermore, advanced screening, refurbishment, and material recovery techniques are analyzed to improve resource efficiency and reduce the need for new raw material extraction. By proposing a systematic framework for sustainable battery lifecycle management, this research aims to promote a circular economy, optimize battery reusability, and support the transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable future in electromobility.
{"title":"Advancements and Challenges in Lithium-Ion Battery Lifecycle Management Toward a Sustainable Circular Economy for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Sureshkumar Alagarsamy;Pradeep Vishnuram;Yuvaraja Shanmugam;Thamizh Thentral TM;Radomir Gono;Miroslava Gono;Narayanamoorthi R","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3604475","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a surge in demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which serve as the primary energy storage solution for modern EVs. However, with this growth comes significant challenges related to battery performance, sustainability, and end-of-life (EOL) management. This article provides a comprehensive review of battery technologies, focusing on advancements in lithium-ion batteries, their degradation mechanisms, and the environmental impact of battery disposal. Additionally, it examines the challenges in EV battery recycling, including safety hazards, disassembly complexities, and economic feasibility. The study explores second-life applications of retired EV batteries in energy storage systems, microgrids, and hybrid renewable energy solutions, emphasizing their potential to extend battery usability while minimizing waste. Furthermore, advanced screening, refurbishment, and material recovery techniques are analyzed to improve resource efficiency and reduce the need for new raw material extraction. By proposing a systematic framework for sustainable battery lifecycle management, this research aims to promote a circular economy, optimize battery reusability, and support the transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable future in electromobility.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1491-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggregation and model-order reduction techniques may be applied to parts of large-scale power grids where the detailed dynamics of individual components are not necessary, thus enhancing the efficiency of the overall simulation. This article proposes an aggregated and reduced-order admittance-based modeling (ARO-ABM) that enables efficient and accurate time-domain simulations of power grids with converter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs). The ABMs of converter-interfaced resources (CIRs) with diverse structures and parameters are formulated as transfer functions. Then, the transfer-function-based ABMs of CIRs are aggregated along with their collector lines and impedance/ admittance-based model (I/ABM) of any other connected components, such as loads. The use of I/ABMs enables scalable aggregation of all CIRs, including those with fully known dynamic models, as well as those whose models may not be disclosed by manufacturers. This step is followed by the model-order reduction in the frequency domain. These steps result in the reduction of the computational complexity of the individual subsystems. The proposed method is demonstrated to enable the use of larger simulation time steps while maintaining good accuracy in offline (MATLAB/Simulink) and real-time (OPAL-RT) simulations of power-electronic-based power systems.
{"title":"Aggregated and Reduced-Order Admittance-Based Modeling for Efficient Small-Signal Analysis of Power-Electronic-Based Power Systems","authors":"Arash Safavizadeh;Abhay Kaushik;Seyyedmilad Ebrahimi;Juri Jatskevich","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3602018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3602018","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregation and model-order reduction techniques may be applied to parts of large-scale power grids where the detailed dynamics of individual components are not necessary, thus enhancing the efficiency of the overall simulation. This article proposes an aggregated and reduced-order admittance-based modeling (ARO-ABM) that enables efficient and accurate time-domain simulations of power grids with converter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs). The ABMs of converter-interfaced resources (CIRs) with diverse structures and parameters are formulated as transfer functions. Then, the transfer-function-based ABMs of CIRs are aggregated along with their collector lines and impedance/ admittance-based model (I/ABM) of any other connected components, such as loads. The use of I/ABMs enables scalable aggregation of all CIRs, including those with fully known dynamic models, as well as those whose models may not be disclosed by manufacturers. This step is followed by the model-order reduction in the frequency domain. These steps result in the reduction of the computational complexity of the individual subsystems. The proposed method is demonstrated to enable the use of larger simulation time steps while maintaining good accuracy in offline (MATLAB/Simulink) and real-time (OPAL-RT) simulations of power-electronic-based power systems.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1438-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11134811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3595350
Zheran Zeng;Yin Sun;Dongsheng Yang
This addresses errors in [1]. All subscripts using $upalpha$ and $upbeta$ should have been non-italic, to match their formatting in the figures; they were originally published in italic font, due to a publisher error.
{"title":"Erratum to “Frequency-Domain Large-Signal Modeling and Stability Analysis for Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Controlled Grid- Connected Converters”","authors":"Zheran Zeng;Yin Sun;Dongsheng Yang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3595350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3595350","url":null,"abstract":"This addresses errors in [1]. All subscripts using $upalpha$ and $upbeta$ should have been non-italic, to match their formatting in the figures; they were originally published in italic font, due to a publisher error.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1390-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11131406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：