In the past decade, the discovery of active pharmaceutical substances with high therapeutic value but poor aqueous solubility has increased, thus making it challenging to formulate these compounds as oral dosage forms. The bioavailability of these drugs can be increased by formulating these drugs as an amorphous drug delivery system. Use of porous media like mesoporous silica has been investigated as a potential means to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and to stabilize the amorphous drug delivery system. These materials have nanosized capillaries and the large surface area which enable the materials to accommodate high drug loading and promote the controlled and fast release. Therefore, mesoporous silica has been used as a carrier in the solid dispersion to form an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Mesoporous silica is also being used as an adsorbent in a conventional solid dispersion, which has many useful aspects. This review focuses on the use of mesoporous silica in ASD as potential means to increase the dissolution rate and to provide or increase the stability of the ASD. First, an overview of mesoporous silica and the classification is discussed. Subsequently, methods of drug incorporation, the stability of dispersion and, much more are discussed.
{"title":"Mesoporous Silica as a Carrier for Amorphous Solid Dispersion","authors":"S. P. Chaudhari, A. Gupte","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33553","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, the discovery of active pharmaceutical substances with high therapeutic value but poor aqueous solubility has increased, thus making it challenging to formulate these compounds as oral dosage forms. The bioavailability of these drugs can be increased by formulating these drugs as an amorphous drug delivery system. Use of porous media like mesoporous silica has been investigated as a potential means to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and to stabilize the amorphous drug delivery system. These materials have nanosized capillaries and the large surface area which enable the materials to accommodate high drug loading and promote the controlled and fast release. Therefore, mesoporous silica has been used as a carrier in the solid dispersion to form an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Mesoporous silica is also being used as an adsorbent in a conventional solid dispersion, which has many useful aspects. This review focuses on the use of mesoporous silica in ASD as potential means to increase the dissolution rate and to provide or increase the stability of the ASD. First, an overview of mesoporous silica and the classification is discussed. Subsequently, methods of drug incorporation, the stability of dispersion and, much more are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73204677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Reshi, Sudarshana Mysore Shankarsingh, Girish Vasanaika Hodiyala
Aim: The study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro hepatoprotective activity of leaf and leaf callus extracts of Orthosiphon aristatus against alcohol induced toxicity using HepG2 cell line. Materials and Methods: Leaf segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium fortified with different auxins alone and in combination. Prior to the determination of hepatoprotective property leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the toxic dose study. The degree of hepatoprotection of extracts was determined by measuring cell viability percentage by MTT assay. Leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the preliminary phytochemical analysis. Results: Maximum percentage of callus formation (94%) was obtained in MS medium augmented with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D. HepG2 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations (below toxic dose) of leaf and leaf callus extracts for 72 hrs. followed by alcohol intoxication. Results revealed that aqueous leaf extract pretreated HepG2 cells show 90% cell viability compared to the standard silymarin pretreated HepG2 cells which showed 81% cell viability. Leaf callus extracts also showed significant hepatoprotective activity where ethanolic callus extract pretreated HepG2 cells showed82% viability after intoxication with alcohol. Results revealed that HepG2 cell viability percentage is dose dependent. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites in leaf and leaf callus extracts. Conclusion: The bio-efficacy study confirms the presence of secondary metabolites of hepatoprotective nature. Callus mediated tissues show hepatoprotection which paves a way for the mass production of desired biologically active principles.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective activity of leaf and leaf callus extracts of orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.","authors":"N. Reshi, Sudarshana Mysore Shankarsingh, Girish Vasanaika Hodiyala","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/32191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/32191","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro hepatoprotective activity of leaf and leaf callus extracts of Orthosiphon aristatus against alcohol induced toxicity using HepG2 cell line. \u0000Materials and Methods: Leaf segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium fortified with different auxins alone and in combination. Prior to the determination of hepatoprotective property leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the toxic dose study. The degree of hepatoprotection of extracts was determined by measuring cell viability percentage by MTT assay. Leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the preliminary phytochemical analysis. \u0000Results: Maximum percentage of callus formation (94%) was obtained in MS medium augmented with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D. HepG2 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations (below toxic dose) of leaf and leaf callus extracts for 72 hrs. followed by alcohol intoxication. Results revealed \u0000that aqueous leaf extract pretreated HepG2 cells show 90% cell viability compared to the standard silymarin pretreated HepG2 cells which showed 81% cell viability. Leaf callus extracts also showed significant hepatoprotective activity where ethanolic callus extract pretreated HepG2 cells showed82% viability after intoxication with alcohol. Results revealed that HepG2 cell viability percentage is dose dependent. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites in leaf and leaf callus extracts. \u0000Conclusion: The bio-efficacy study confirms the presence of secondary metabolites of hepatoprotective nature. Callus mediated tissues show hepatoprotection which paves a way for the mass production of desired biologically active principles.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75079848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Muhammad, N. Fatima, Hasan Afzaal, Z. Shah, Amjad Ali
{"title":"Human Drug Targets Identification in Breast Cancer by Computationally Based DNA Microarray Analysis","authors":"S. Muhammad, N. Fatima, Hasan Afzaal, Z. Shah, Amjad Ali","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/32138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/32138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79129067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. O. Agbai, C. Njoku, C. O. Nwanegwo, P. Onyebuagu, J. Ekezie, C. Eke, A. Arthur
{"title":"Effects of Piper guineense (Schumach) Leaf and Xylopia aethiopica Seed Extracts on Gastric Acid Secretion in Ibuprofen-Treated Wistar Rats","authors":"E. O. Agbai, C. Njoku, C. O. Nwanegwo, P. Onyebuagu, J. Ekezie, C. Eke, A. Arthur","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/29150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/29150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"366 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80352497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haematological and Biochemical Properties of Methanolic Extract of Citrullus lanatus Seeds","authors":"G. Adedeji, O. Bamidele, A. Ogunbiyi","doi":"10.9734/bjpr/2017/32346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjpr/2017/32346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89129210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ameliorative Effect of Fennel Oil on Cyclophosphamide Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats","authors":"S. Sakr, Somaya Y. Shalaby, Rawan H. Beder","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/34197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/34197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90625630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Different parts of Lannea acida A. Rich (fam: Anarcadiaceae) are used traditionally to treat various ailments including inflammation, facial pain, schistosomiasis, haemorrhoids and toothache. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Lannea acida. Methodology: Rats were given sub-plantar injection of prostaglandin E2 to induce oedema, which was measured using calipers over 21⁄2 hours at 30 min interval. In the acetic acid–induced abdominal writhing test, mice were given intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and writhing movements were recorded. Oedema test was run for both prophylactic and curative protocols. In both paw oedema and writhing test models, inhibitory effects of the plant extract were compared Original Research Article Owusu and Ofori-Amoah; BJPR, 16(6): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33266 2 with diclofenac. Results: Aqueous extract (30 – 300 mg/kg) of Lannea acida stem bark significantly reduced prostaglandin E2–induced paw oedema in both prophylactic and curative protocols. The extract also significantly inhibited acetic acid–induced abdominal writhing movement in Imprint Control Region (ICR) mice. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Lannea acida stem bark inhibited prostaglandin E2–induced paw oedema in rats and acetic acid–induced writhing behaviour in ICR mice; indicating a possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Lannea acida Stem Bark","authors":"G. Owusu, Jones Ofori-Amoah","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33266","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different parts of Lannea acida A. Rich (fam: Anarcadiaceae) are used traditionally to treat various ailments including inflammation, facial pain, schistosomiasis, haemorrhoids and toothache. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Lannea acida. Methodology: Rats were given sub-plantar injection of prostaglandin E2 to induce oedema, which was measured using calipers over 21⁄2 hours at 30 min interval. In the acetic acid–induced abdominal writhing test, mice were given intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and writhing movements were recorded. Oedema test was run for both prophylactic and curative protocols. In both paw oedema and writhing test models, inhibitory effects of the plant extract were compared Original Research Article Owusu and Ofori-Amoah; BJPR, 16(6): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33266 2 with diclofenac. Results: Aqueous extract (30 – 300 mg/kg) of Lannea acida stem bark significantly reduced prostaglandin E2–induced paw oedema in both prophylactic and curative protocols. The extract also significantly inhibited acetic acid–induced abdominal writhing movement in Imprint Control Region (ICR) mice. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Lannea acida stem bark inhibited prostaglandin E2–induced paw oedema in rats and acetic acid–induced writhing behaviour in ICR mice; indicating a possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82290106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophoto-metric Method for Determination of Palladium Content in Rasagiline Mesylate","authors":"S. Hussain, A. Gosar, Tabrez Shaikh","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/32254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/32254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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