Abdulkarim K. Y. Alzomor, N. Noman, Lamia'a Al-Akhali, Ahmed Al-Qubati, Ahmed Al-Shawafi, Adnan Al-Serry, Sadam Al-Zedaar
{"title":"Development of Anti-bacterial Ointment from Two Extracts of Curcuma longa L. and Aloe vera L.","authors":"Abdulkarim K. Y. Alzomor, N. Noman, Lamia'a Al-Akhali, Ahmed Al-Qubati, Ahmed Al-Shawafi, Adnan Al-Serry, Sadam Al-Zedaar","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80128428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long QT syndrome patients are at high risk of developing ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, so that the anesthetic technique used for these patients must avoid anything that will induce an arrhythmia such as tachycardia, hypotension or increased catecholamine release by pain or stress. A 28 -yr-old woman was scheduled for an elective, repeat cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. She was diagnosed long QT syndrome at age 22 and an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD) was implanted. During her pregnancy, parturient was hospitalized at 35 weeks gestation because of fetal bradycardia and obstetrician scheduled cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. Before induction of anaesthesia, esmolol 200mcg.kg.min -1 was started for prevention of ventricular dysrhythmia during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 100mcg, propofol 200mg, rocuronium 100 mg and trachea was intubated at 45 seconds. Esmolol infusion rate was reduced gradually to parturient’s Case Study Kayacan et al.; BJPR, 15(2): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJPR.31699 2 haemodynamic parameters during surgery and was stopped at end of the surgery. At 4 minutes of the surgery, fetus was deliveried but there is no heart rate and breathing of baby. Following cardiac compression for 45 seconds, heart rate and breathing of baby returned. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1 MAC sevoflurane and 100 mcg fentanyl. Parturient’s blood pressure and heart rate remained within normal limits during surgery. Consequently, if parturient does not accept regional anaesthesia, in case of an emergency cesarean section, general anaesthesia can be safely used with optimized preoperative evaluation, close monitoring and carefully anaesthetic management.
{"title":"General Anaesthesia for Cesarean Section in a Parturient with Long QT Syndrome: A Case Report and a Review of Literature","authors":"N. Kayacan, B. Karsli, U. Ince","doi":"10.9734/bjpr/2017/31699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjpr/2017/31699","url":null,"abstract":"Long QT syndrome patients are at high risk of developing ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, so that the anesthetic technique used for these patients must avoid anything that will induce an arrhythmia such as tachycardia, hypotension or increased catecholamine release by pain or stress. A 28 -yr-old woman was scheduled for an elective, repeat cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. She was diagnosed long QT syndrome at age 22 and an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD) was implanted. During her pregnancy, parturient was hospitalized at 35 weeks gestation because of fetal bradycardia and obstetrician scheduled cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. Before induction of anaesthesia, esmolol 200mcg.kg.min -1 was started for prevention of ventricular dysrhythmia during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 100mcg, propofol 200mg, rocuronium 100 mg and trachea was intubated at 45 seconds. Esmolol infusion rate was reduced gradually to parturient’s Case Study Kayacan et al.; BJPR, 15(2): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJPR.31699 2 haemodynamic parameters during surgery and was stopped at end of the surgery. At 4 minutes of the surgery, fetus was deliveried but there is no heart rate and breathing of baby. Following cardiac compression for 45 seconds, heart rate and breathing of baby returned. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1 MAC sevoflurane and 100 mcg fentanyl. Parturient’s blood pressure and heart rate remained within normal limits during surgery. Consequently, if parturient does not accept regional anaesthesia, in case of an emergency cesarean section, general anaesthesia can be safely used with optimized preoperative evaluation, close monitoring and carefully anaesthetic management.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To analyse the bioactive chemical constituents and evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of whole plant methanol extracts of Ulva lactuca Linn. Study Design: Preliminary phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Place and Duration of Study: Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Ramanathapuram-623503, Department of Botany, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam college, Poondi, Thanjavur-613503 and K.M.C.H college of pharmacy, Kovai Estate, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore641048. The studies were carried out during August-December 2016. Methodology: Phytochemical constituents were identified by qualitative and GC-MS analysis. Original Research Article Alagan et al.; BJPR, 15(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJPR.31818 2 In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts were studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assays. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion technique. Results: Phytochemical screening of methanol extracts showed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, proteins and negative results for saponins and cardiac glycosides. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 10 compounds in Ulva lactuca methanolic extracts and some of the phytocomponents screened were terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives and aliphatic hydrocarbons and many of them have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer actions. Methanolic plant extract showed significant antioxidant activity under DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assay. In disc diffusion technique among six bacterial species, methanol extract showed potent activity against three Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella paratyphi). The extracts were more potent towards fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) and no activity reported in Candida albicans. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that methanolic extracts of whole plant of U. lactuca can be used as a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
目的:分析紫叶桉(Ulva lacuca Linn)全株甲醇提取物的生物活性成分，并评价其体外抗氧化和抗菌活性。研究设计:初步的植物化学筛选，气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析，评估抗氧化和抗菌活性。学习地点和时间:兽医大学培训与研究中心，Ramanathapuram-623503; A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam学院植物系，Poondi, Thanjavur-613503; km.c.h药学院，koai Estate, Kalapatti Road，哥印拜陀641048。这些研究在2016年8月至12月期间进行。方法:采用定性和气相色谱-质谱分析方法鉴定植物化学成分。Alagan et al.;生物工程学报，15(1):1-14,2017;文章no.BJPR。31818 2采用DPPH自由基清除法、总酚和总黄酮含量测定法研究其体外抗氧化活性。采用圆盘扩散法测定其抑菌活性。结果:甲醇提取物的生物碱、黄酮类、酚类、单宁、萜类、苷类、类固醇、蛋白质等检测结果为阳性，皂苷类、心苷类检测结果为阴性。气相色谱-质谱分析结果显示，从枸杞甲醇提取物中分离出10种化合物，筛选出萜类化合物、脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪烃类化合物，其中许多化合物具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗癌作用。甲醇植物提取物对DPPH自由基清除能力、总酚和总黄酮含量测定均显示出显著的抗氧化活性。在6种细菌的圆盘扩散技术中，甲醇提取物对3种革兰氏阳性细菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、白喉链杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)和3种革兰氏阴性细菌(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和副伤寒沙门氏菌)均有较强的抑制活性。提取物对真菌分离株(黑曲霉和烟曲霉)更有效，对白色念珠菌无活性报道。结论:芦荟全株甲醇提取物可作为抗氧化和抗菌药物的潜在来源。
{"title":"Bioactive Chemical Constituent Analysis, in vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Whole Plant Methanol Extracts of Ulva lactuca Linn","authors":"Vijayalingam Alagan, R. Valsala, K. Rajesh","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/31818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/31818","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To analyse the bioactive chemical constituents and evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of whole plant methanol extracts of Ulva lactuca Linn. Study Design: Preliminary phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Place and Duration of Study: Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Ramanathapuram-623503, Department of Botany, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam college, Poondi, Thanjavur-613503 and K.M.C.H college of pharmacy, Kovai Estate, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore641048. The studies were carried out during August-December 2016. Methodology: Phytochemical constituents were identified by qualitative and GC-MS analysis. Original Research Article Alagan et al.; BJPR, 15(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJPR.31818 2 In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts were studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assays. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion technique. Results: Phytochemical screening of methanol extracts showed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, proteins and negative results for saponins and cardiac glycosides. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 10 compounds in Ulva lactuca methanolic extracts and some of the phytocomponents screened were terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives and aliphatic hydrocarbons and many of them have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer actions. Methanolic plant extract showed significant antioxidant activity under DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assay. In disc diffusion technique among six bacterial species, methanol extract showed potent activity against three Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella paratyphi). The extracts were more potent towards fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) and no activity reported in Candida albicans. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that methanolic extracts of whole plant of U. lactuca can be used as a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90281067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolation from the ethanol extract of the flowers of Viola odorata resulted in the isolation of βSitosterol-β-D-glucoside. This compound has not been previously isolated or reported from the flowers of this variety. The isolated β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucosidewas characterized on the basis of spectroscopic techniques viz. infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A tetra acetyl derivative of β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside was synthesized and characterized. On hydrolysis of β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, β-sitosterol was obtained and characterized.
从堇菜花的乙醇提取物中分离得到β谷甾醇-β- d -葡萄糖苷。这种化合物以前没有从这个品种的花中分离或报道过。利用红外光谱和核磁共振光谱对分离得到的β-谷甾醇-3- o -β- d -葡萄糖苷进行了表征。合成了β-谷甾醇-3- o -β- d -葡萄糖苷的四乙酰基衍生物并对其进行了表征。通过β-谷甾醇-β- d -葡萄糖苷水解得到β-谷甾醇并对其进行了表征。
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside from the Extract of the Flowers of Viola odorata","authors":"Tania Peshin, H. Kar","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33160","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation from the ethanol extract of the flowers of Viola odorata resulted in the isolation of βSitosterol-β-D-glucoside. This compound has not been previously isolated or reported from the flowers of this variety. The isolated β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucosidewas characterized on the basis of spectroscopic techniques viz. infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A tetra acetyl derivative of β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside was synthesized and characterized. On hydrolysis of β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, β-sitosterol was obtained and characterized.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"238 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77015536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the strategies for developing novel pharmaceutical drugs is to use natural sources such as plants for therapeutic treatment. Plant extracts are a cocktail of compounds which act synergically and can improve treatment effectiveness, reduce therapeutic duration and resistance. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Cucurbita pepo ovifera var ovifera from Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian zones of Cameroon were evaluated on the cattle parasite nematode Onchocerca ochengi. Worms were incubated with different concentrations of the plant extracts in RPMI-1640 supplemented with streptomycin and gentamicin. Mortality at 37°C was monitored after 24, 48 and 72 h. Ivermectin was used as positive control and DMSO as negative. Plant extracts Original Research Article Kalmobé et al.; BJPR, 17(2): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33381 2 from the two ecological zones showed anthelminthic activities on O. ochengi after 72 h with LC50 varying from 20 to 1090 μg /mL. The highest antifilarial activity in Sudano-Guinean zone was obtained with leave extract of C. pepo ovifera (LC50 of 20 μg/mL), while highest antifilarial activity in Sudano-Sahelian zone was obtained with seed extracts of the plant with LC50 value of 17 μg/mL after 72 h. These results show that anthelmintic activity depends on the part of the plant and the ecological zones. Additionally, the plant is not toxic. These results on the ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of C. pepo ovifera var ovifera confirmed the use of this plant in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat disease due to nematodes. The plants could be used as alternative anthelmintic to fight against Human and Bovine onchocerciasis.
开发新型药物的策略之一是利用植物等天然资源进行治疗。植物提取物是一种具有协同作用的混合物，可以提高治疗效果，缩短治疗时间和减少耐药性。采用产自喀麦隆苏丹-几内亚和苏丹-萨赫勒地区的Cucurbita pepo ovifera var ovifera叶片和种子的乙醇提取物对牛寄生线虫ochengi盘尾丝虫进行了研究。用不同浓度的植物提取物在RPMI-1640中添加链霉素和庆大霉素孵育蠕虫。在37℃下监测24、48和72 h后的死亡率。以伊维菌素为阳性对照，以DMSO为阴性对照。植物提取物;生物工程学报，17(2):1-8,2017;文章no.BJPR。2个生态区的33381 2在72 h后对ochengi有一定的杀虫活性，LC50在20 ~ 1090 μg /mL之间。在苏丹-几内亚地区，叶提取物的抗丝活性最高(LC50为20 μg/mL)，而在苏丹-萨赫勒地区，种子提取物的抗丝活性最高(LC50为17 μg/mL)， 72 h后的抗丝活性与植物部位和生态区有关。此外，这种植物是无毒的。这些关于C. pepo ovifera var ovifera叶片和种子的乙醇提取物的结果证实了喀麦隆在传统医学中使用该植物治疗由线虫引起的疾病。该植物可作为防治人盘尾丝虫病和牛盘尾丝虫病的替代驱虫剂。
{"title":"Antifilarial Activity of Cucurbita pepo ovifera var ovifera (Cucurbitaceae) on Onchocerca ochengi Adult Worms","authors":"Justin Kalmobé, D. Ndjonka, J. Dikti, E. Liebau","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33381","url":null,"abstract":"One of the strategies for developing novel pharmaceutical drugs is to use natural sources such as plants for therapeutic treatment. Plant extracts are a cocktail of compounds which act synergically and can improve treatment effectiveness, reduce therapeutic duration and resistance. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Cucurbita pepo ovifera var ovifera from Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian zones of Cameroon were evaluated on the cattle parasite nematode Onchocerca ochengi. Worms were incubated with different concentrations of the plant extracts in RPMI-1640 supplemented with streptomycin and gentamicin. Mortality at 37°C was monitored after 24, 48 and 72 h. Ivermectin was used as positive control and DMSO as negative. Plant extracts Original Research Article Kalmobé et al.; BJPR, 17(2): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33381 2 from the two ecological zones showed anthelminthic activities on O. ochengi after 72 h with LC50 varying from 20 to 1090 μg /mL. The highest antifilarial activity in Sudano-Guinean zone was obtained with leave extract of C. pepo ovifera (LC50 of 20 μg/mL), while highest antifilarial activity in Sudano-Sahelian zone was obtained with seed extracts of the plant with LC50 value of 17 μg/mL after 72 h. These results show that anthelmintic activity depends on the part of the plant and the ecological zones. Additionally, the plant is not toxic. These results on the ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of C. pepo ovifera var ovifera confirmed the use of this plant in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat disease due to nematodes. The plants could be used as alternative anthelmintic to fight against Human and Bovine onchocerciasis.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To generate new medicaments for control and treatment of the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Study Design: Structure similarity search and isostere search was conducted over a broad range of structure categories. Correlation and highest similarity scores were implemented to select the best drug candidates.
{"title":"Pyrimethamine Based Anti-protozoan Agents from Isostere and Heuristic Structure-similarity Search","authors":"Ronald Bartzatt","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33205","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To generate new medicaments for control and treatment of the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Study Design: Structure similarity search and isostere search was conducted over a broad range of structure categories. Correlation and highest similarity scores were implemented to select the best drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72820732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ezeonwumelu, M. Ntale, S. Ogbonnia, Ezera Agwu, J. Tanayen, Dr. Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Ambrose Amamchukwu Akunne, C. Okonkwo, F. Byarugaba
Aims: This was to determine efficacy and resistance profiles against commonly used commercial antibacterial agents in Uganda in the management of oral pathogens in HIV/AIDS patients. Study Design: This was an experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda between September 2015 and February 2016. Methodology: Bacterial isolates were tested against commercial antibacterial agents in Uganda. Drug shops, pharmacies and hospitals were purposively and conveniently sampled. Drugs commonly used for the management of opportunistic infections amongst HIV/AIDS patients were purchased and used in the laboratory for susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using standard protocols. Results: All the bacterial isolates showed mean total resistance above 60% against erythromycin [85 isolates (69.7%)] and cotrimoxazole [79 isolates, (64.8%)]; with injectable gentamicin [97 isolates (79.5%)] and ceftriaxone [105 isolates (86.0%)] displaying high susceptibility; and ciprofloxacin [65 isolates (53.3%)] showing moderate susceptibility. This shows that national policy on effective regulation of these antibacterial agents needs to be revised to ensure that the situation is reversed. Gentamicin showed increased significant mean activity (P***< .005, ANOVA, multiple comparisons) in MIC and MBC when compared with the other antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin was highly efficacious in this study and resistance of these oral bacteria to common commercial antibacterial agents is a major public health burden especially among Uganda HIV/AIDS patients. Improving drug regulation activities will reduce antibacterial resistance and treatment failures. We recommend a survey on the reasons for efficacy of gentamicin against all the commercially available antimicrobials used in this study.
{"title":"Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda","authors":"J. Ezeonwumelu, M. Ntale, S. Ogbonnia, Ezera Agwu, J. Tanayen, Dr. Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Ambrose Amamchukwu Akunne, C. Okonkwo, F. Byarugaba","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33211","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This was to determine efficacy and resistance profiles against commonly used commercial antibacterial agents in Uganda in the management of oral pathogens in HIV/AIDS patients. Study Design: This was an experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda between September 2015 and February 2016. Methodology: Bacterial isolates were tested against commercial antibacterial agents in Uganda. Drug shops, pharmacies and hospitals were purposively and conveniently sampled. Drugs commonly used for the management of opportunistic infections amongst HIV/AIDS patients were purchased and used in the laboratory for susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using standard protocols. Results: All the bacterial isolates showed mean total resistance above 60% against erythromycin [85 isolates (69.7%)] and cotrimoxazole [79 isolates, (64.8%)]; with injectable gentamicin [97 isolates (79.5%)] and ceftriaxone [105 isolates (86.0%)] displaying high susceptibility; and ciprofloxacin [65 isolates (53.3%)] showing moderate susceptibility. This shows that national policy on effective regulation of these antibacterial agents needs to be revised to ensure that the situation is reversed. Gentamicin showed increased significant mean activity (P***< .005, ANOVA, multiple comparisons) in MIC and MBC when compared with the other antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin was highly efficacious in this study and resistance of these oral bacteria to common commercial antibacterial agents is a major public health burden especially among Uganda HIV/AIDS patients. Improving drug regulation activities will reduce antibacterial resistance and treatment failures. We recommend a survey on the reasons for efficacy of gentamicin against all the commercially available antimicrobials used in this study.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"126 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75968847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Md Shamsuzzaman, M. Khatun, Md. Mostafijur Rahman, A. S. Hossain, A. Alam, A. Mosaddik, M. I. I. Wahed
Aim: Tiliacora triandra (T. triandra), a species of Menispermaceae family, has folkloric reputation for the treatment of several diseases including infectious diseases in Thailand and neighboring countries. The present study aimed at screening the stem bark of T. triandra for its phytochemical constituents and its antimicrobial potential against selected bacteria and fungi. Materials and Methods: The dried stem bark of T. triandra was extracted with methanol and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion assay method against some bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by serial dilution method to establish the antimicrobial potential of the extract. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, Original Research Article Rahman et al.; BJPR, 17(2): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJPR.34059 2 terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Susceptibility testing by disc diffusion assay showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against a Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) where the zones of inhibition were 15 mm and 21 mm at the potencies of 250 and 500 μg/disc, respectively. The stem bark extract also showed moderate activity against Shigella sonnei (14 mm), Shigella dysenteriae (13 mm), Agrobacterium spp (13 mm) bacteria and fungus, Aspergillus niger (14 mm) at 250 μg/disc. The results also revealed equal MIC and MBC values of 62.5ug/mL against E. coli. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the methanol extract of T. triandra possesses potent antimicrobial activity which may be attributed to the identified phytochemical components of the plant extract.
{"title":"Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Tiliacora triandra Stem Bark","authors":"Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Md Shamsuzzaman, M. Khatun, Md. Mostafijur Rahman, A. S. Hossain, A. Alam, A. Mosaddik, M. I. I. Wahed","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/34059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/34059","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Tiliacora triandra (T. triandra), a species of Menispermaceae family, has folkloric reputation for the treatment of several diseases including infectious diseases in Thailand and neighboring countries. The present study aimed at screening the stem bark of T. triandra for its phytochemical constituents and its antimicrobial potential against selected bacteria and fungi. Materials and Methods: The dried stem bark of T. triandra was extracted with methanol and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion assay method against some bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by serial dilution method to establish the antimicrobial potential of the extract. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, Original Research Article Rahman et al.; BJPR, 17(2): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJPR.34059 2 terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Susceptibility testing by disc diffusion assay showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against a Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) where the zones of inhibition were 15 mm and 21 mm at the potencies of 250 and 500 μg/disc, respectively. The stem bark extract also showed moderate activity against Shigella sonnei (14 mm), Shigella dysenteriae (13 mm), Agrobacterium spp (13 mm) bacteria and fungus, Aspergillus niger (14 mm) at 250 μg/disc. The results also revealed equal MIC and MBC values of 62.5ug/mL against E. coli. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the methanol extract of T. triandra possesses potent antimicrobial activity which may be attributed to the identified phytochemical components of the plant extract.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validated Stability – Indicating Methods for Determination of Oseltamivir Phosphate","authors":"N. Rashed, O. Abdallah, Noha S. Said","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/33044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80187945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics are a large group of pharma compounds which are stable in environment. Antibiotics are considered among the major pollutants in water environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the dissolved air flotation in removal penicillin G potassium from aqueous solutions. This study was an empirical-lab study which the dissolved air flotation was applied in laboratory scale. After determination of the optimal condition of pH and the dosage of poly aluminum, the effect of the effective parameters including the concentration of the coagulant (20, 50, 75, 100 mg/L), penicillin G (25, 50, 100,200), flotation time (5, 10, 15 and 20 sec), saturation pressure (3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 atm) on the removal efficiency of the penicillin G and COD by dissolve air flotation was studied. The results showed that the dissolved air flotation can reduce COD and Original Research Article penicillin G up to 70.41% and 67.45%, respectively. initial concentration of penicillin G saturation pressure= 4 atm and PAC concentration = 20 mg/L. Also, the results showed that the removal efficiency is reduced by increasing the turbidity in the flotation process. study revealed that the dissolved air flotation process can be effective method to remove the penicillin G from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Survey of Efficiency of Dissolved Air Flotation in Removal Penicillin G Potassium from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"S. Ahmadi, F. Mostafapour","doi":"10.9734/BJPR/2017/31180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/31180","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are a large group of pharma compounds which are stable in environment. Antibiotics are considered among the major pollutants in water environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the dissolved air flotation in removal penicillin G potassium from aqueous solutions. This study was an empirical-lab study which the dissolved air flotation was applied in laboratory scale. After determination of the optimal condition of pH and the dosage of poly aluminum, the effect of the effective parameters including the concentration of the coagulant (20, 50, 75, 100 mg/L), penicillin G (25, 50, 100,200), flotation time (5, 10, 15 and 20 sec), saturation pressure (3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 atm) on the removal efficiency of the penicillin G and COD by dissolve air flotation was studied. The results showed that the dissolved air flotation can reduce COD and Original Research Article penicillin G up to 70.41% and 67.45%, respectively. initial concentration of penicillin G saturation pressure= 4 atm and PAC concentration = 20 mg/L. Also, the results showed that the removal efficiency is reduced by increasing the turbidity in the flotation process. study revealed that the dissolved air flotation process can be effective method to remove the penicillin G from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":9320,"journal":{"name":"British journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84911602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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